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Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 36/Monday, February 24, 2020
10466 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 36 / Monday, February 24, 2020 / Notices Controlled substance Drug code Schedule Alphamethadol ................................................................................................................................................................. 9605 I Benzethidine .................................................................................................................................................................... 9606 I Betacetylmethadol ........................................................................................................................................................... 9607 I Clonitazene ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9612 I Diampromide ................................................................................................................................................................... 9615 I Diethylthiambutene .......................................................................................................................................................... 9616 I Dimethylthiambutene ....................................................................................................................................................... 9619 I Ketobemidone ................................................................................................................................................................. -
Drug Abuse in Iowa Evolving Issues & Emerging Trends
1 Drug Abuse in Iowa Evolving Issues & Emerging Trends Iowa Office of Drug Control Policy September 2016 2 Rapid Changes + Mixed Messages = ???s Evolving Risks involving Medicines, Synthetics, Marijuana, etc. • What’s new (what is it, what’s in it, what’s it’s effect)? • Does it heal or hurt (medicine or menace)? • Is it legal or illegal? • What do we tell children (or anyone else) about it? • How is it different now, compared to what I experienced? • What do we know about it & when will we know more? • What’s next? 3 Youth Substance Use 40-Year Trends Current Use (past 30 days) Among U.S. 12th Graders 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% Alcohol 30% Marijuana 20% 10% Cigarettes 0% Monitoring the Future, 1975-2015 4 Drugs of Choice: All Iowans Primary Substance of Choice by Iowans in Treatment 90% 80% 70% 60% Alcohol 50% 50% Marijuana 40% Meth Cocaine 30% 25.6% Heroin Other 20% 14.8% 10% 6.3% 1.7% 0% 1.6% IDPH, 2014 5 Iowa Youth Substance Abuse 6th, 8th and 11th Grade Users, Last 30-Days 25% 23% 20% Alcohol 15% 14% Tobacco 12% Other Drug 9% 10% 10% Rx OTC 6% Meth 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 1% 0% 1% 2002 2005 2008 2010 2012 2014 Iowa Youth Survey, 2014 6 Iowa Drug-Related Traffic Fatalities Number Killed in 2014 Testing Positive for Illicit Drugs 16 15% of those killed in Iowa traffic fatalities 14 in 2014 tested positive for illicit drugs. 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Marijuana Meth Rx Synthetic Opium Other Does not include alcohol-related fatalities. -
ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS of NARCOTIC DRUGS in GRAMS for 2019 (As of 10 January 2019 )
ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS IN GRAMS FOR 2019 (as of 10 January 2019 ) Afghanistan Cannabis 50 Codeine 50 000 Cannabis resin 1 Dextropropoxyphene 10 000 Coca leaf 1 Diphenoxylate 5 000 Cocaine 15 Fentanyl 1 Codeine 650 000 Methadone 20 000 Codeine -N-oxide 1 Morphine 8 000 Dextromoramide 1 Pethidine 90 000 Dextropropoxyphene 200 000 Pholcodine 40 000 Difenoxin 1 Albania Dihydrocodeine 1 Cocaine 1 Diphenoxylate 1 Codeine 1 189 000 Dipipanone 1 Fentanyl 300 Ecgonine 2 Heroin 1 Ethylmorphine 1 Methadone 7 000 Etorphine 1 Morphine 7 800 Fentanyl 17 000 Oxycodone 2 000 Heroin 1 Pethidine 2 700 Hydrocodone 10 000 Pholcodine 1 500 Hydromorphone 4 000 Remifentanil 9 Ketobemidone 1 Sufentanil 2 Levorphanol 1 Algeria Methadone 100 000 Alfentanil 350 Morphine 1 550 000 Codeine 2 500 000 Morphine -N-oxide 1 Etorphine 1 Nicomorphine 1 Fentanyl 500 Norcodeine 1 Methadone 4 000 Normethadone 1 Morphine 9 000 Normorphine 1 Oxycodone 4 000 Opium 10 Pethidine 3 000 Oripavine 1 Pholcodine 1 500 000 Oxycodone 60 000 Remifentanil 1 Oxymorphone 1 Sufentanil 30 Pethidine 50 000 Andorra Phenoperidine 1 Cannabis 2 000 Pholcodine 1 Fentanyl 100 Piritramide 1 Methadone 1 000 Remifentanil 20 000 Morphine 500 Sufentanil 10 Oxycodone 2 000 Thebacon 1 Pethidine 500 Thebaine 70 000 Remifentanil 4 Tilidine 1 Angola Armenia Alfentanil 20 Codeine 3 000 Codeine 21 600 Fentanyl 40 Dextromoramide 188 Methadone 13 500 Dextropropoxyphene 200 Morphine 7 500 Dihydrocodeine 500 Thebaine 15 Diphenoxylate 300 Trimeperidine 1 500 Fentanyl 63 Aruba* Methadone 2 000 -
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 178/Monday, September 14, 2020
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 178 / Monday, September 14, 2020 / Notices 56631 agreements. All non-confidential DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ADDRESSES: Written comments should written submissions will be available for be sent to: Drug Enforcement public inspection at the Office of the Drug Enforcement Administration Administration, Attention: DEA Federal Secretary and on EDIS. [Docket No. DEA–713] Register Representative/DPW, 8701 The Commission vote for these Morrissette Drive, Springfield, Virginia 22152. All requests for a hearing must determinations took place on September Importer of Controlled Substances Application: Cerilliant Corporation be sent to: Drug Enforcement 8, 2020. Administration, Attn: Administrator, The authority for the Commission’s AGENCY: Drug Enforcement 8701 Morrissette Drive, Springfield, determination is contained in section Administration, Justice. Virginia 22152. All request for a hearing 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as ACTION: Notice of application. should also be sent to: (1) Drug amended (19 U.S.C. 1337), and in Part SUMMARY: Cerilliant Corporation has Enforcement Administration, Attn: 210 of the Commission’s Rules of applied to be registered as an importer Hearing Clerk/OALJ, 8701 Morrissette Practice and Procedure (19 CFR part of basic class(es) of controlled Drive, Springfield, Virginia 22152; and 210). substance(s). Refer to Supplemental (2) Drug Enforcement Administration, Attn: DEA Federal Register By order of the Commission. Information listed below for further Representative/DPW, 8701 Morrissette Issued: September 8, 2020. drug information. DATES: Drive, Springfield, Virginia 22152. Lisa Barton, Registered bulk manufacturers of the affected basic class(es), and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In Secretary to the Commission. applicants therefore, may file written accordance with 21 CFR 1301.34(a), this [FR Doc. -
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE and COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE AND COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun. 23, 2011, P.L. 36, No. 7 Cl. 35 Session of 2011 No. 2011-7 SB 1006 AN ACT Amending the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), entitled "An act relating to the manufacture, sale and possession of controlled substances, other drugs, devices and cosmetics; conferring powers on the courts and the secretary and Department of Health, and a newly created Pennsylvania Drug, Device and Cosmetic Board; establishing schedules of controlled substances; providing penalties; requiring registration of persons engaged in the drug trade and for the revocation or suspension of certain licenses and registrations; and repealing an act," further providing for Schedule I controlled substances. The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania hereby enacts as follows: Section 1. Section 4(1) of the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), known as The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, amended November 24, 1999 (P.L.894, No.55), is amended to read: Section 4. Schedules of Controlled Substances.--The following schedules include the controlled substances listed or to be listed by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name designated. (1) Schedule I--In determining that a substance comes within this schedule, the secretary shall find: a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision. The following controlled substances are included in this schedule: (i) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: 1. -
Pharmacy and Poisons (Third and Fourth Schedule Amendment) Order 2017
Q UO N T FA R U T A F E BERMUDA PHARMACY AND POISONS (THIRD AND FOURTH SCHEDULE AMENDMENT) ORDER 2017 BR 111 / 2017 The Minister responsible for health, in exercise of the power conferred by section 48A(1) of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979, makes the following Order: Citation 1 This Order may be cited as the Pharmacy and Poisons (Third and Fourth Schedule Amendment) Order 2017. Repeals and replaces the Third and Fourth Schedule of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979 2 The Third and Fourth Schedules to the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979 are repealed and replaced with— “THIRD SCHEDULE (Sections 25(6); 27(1))) DRUGS OBTAINABLE ONLY ON PRESCRIPTION EXCEPT WHERE SPECIFIED IN THE FOURTH SCHEDULE (PART I AND PART II) Note: The following annotations used in this Schedule have the following meanings: md (maximum dose) i.e. the maximum quantity of the substance contained in the amount of a medicinal product which is recommended to be taken or administered at any one time. 1 PHARMACY AND POISONS (THIRD AND FOURTH SCHEDULE AMENDMENT) ORDER 2017 mdd (maximum daily dose) i.e. the maximum quantity of the substance that is contained in the amount of a medicinal product which is recommended to be taken or administered in any period of 24 hours. mg milligram ms (maximum strength) i.e. either or, if so specified, both of the following: (a) the maximum quantity of the substance by weight or volume that is contained in the dosage unit of a medicinal product; or (b) the maximum percentage of the substance contained in a medicinal product calculated in terms of w/w, w/v, v/w, or v/v, as appropriate. -
Understanding and Challenging the Drugs: Chemistry and Toxicology
UNDERSTANDING AND CHALLENGING THE DRUGS: CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY Presenter: • Dr. Jasmine Drake, Graduate Program Director and Assistant Professor, Administration of Justice Department, Barbara Jordan-Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs, Texas Southern University NACDL Training Defending Drug Overdose Homicides in Pennsylvania Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA November 6th, 2019 11:30- 12:45 p.m. Understanding & Challenging the Drugs: Chemistry & Toxicology Dr. Jasmine Drake, Forensic Science Learning Laboratory, Texas Southern University I. Opioid Drug Classifications A. Types of Opioids B. Classic vs. Synthetic C. Toxicology of Opioids 1) How opioids interact with the body 2) Addiction (psychological vs. physiological II. New Classes of Drugs A. Emerging Threats B. Potency III. National Trends in Opioid Overdose Deaths in the U.S. A. Based on State B. Ethnicity C. Drug-Type (prescription vs. fentanyl vs. heroin) IV. Trends of Opioid Overdose Deaths in Philadelphia A. Based on Ethnicity B. Drug Type (prescription vs. fentanyl vs. heroin) V. Legal Considerations to the Opioid Epidemic A. Punitive Measures vs. Rehabilitative Treatment B. Progressive Jurisdictions Nationwide C. New Legal Measures in Philadelphia VI. Toxicology Reports A. What’s in the report? B. Key Aspects of the Tox Report C. Terminology D. Evaluating and Interpreting the data? E. Questions and considerations. VII. Conclusion and Discussion A. Case Specific Examples B. Sample Toxicology Reports The Opioid Epidemic: What labs have to do with it? Ewa King, Ph.D. Associate Director of Health RIDOH State Health Laboratories Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Overview • Overdose trends • Opioids and their effects • Analytical testing approaches • Toxicology laboratories Analysis. Answers. Action. -
Use of Fentanyl, Butyrfentanyl and Furanylfentanyl As Discussed on Polish Online Forums Devoted to ‘Designer Drugs’
Psychiatr. Pol. ONLINE FIRST Nr 219: 1–18 Published ahead of print 12 March 2021 www.psychiatriapolska.pl ISSN 0033-2674 (PRINT), ISSN 2391-5854 (ONLINE) DOI: https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/128156 Use of fentanyl, butyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl as discussed on Polish online forums devoted to ‘designer drugs’ Monika Kacela, Jakub Wojcieszak, Jolanta B. Zawilska Medical University of Lodz, Department of Pharmacodynamics Summary Aim. The study was aimed to analyze information posted by users of synthetic opioids on Polish online drug discussion forums. Special emphasis was given to sources of drugs and their availability, routes of administration, dosages, expected and toxic effects. Material and methods. 6,143 reports related to synthetic opioids, posted between 2005 and mid 2019 on three widely available popular Polish online forums devoted to psychoactive substances, i.e., https://hyperreal.info/talk, https://dopek.info and https://forum.dopalamy, were collected and analyzed. The article presents data on three most popular opioids, i.e., fentanyl, butyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl. Results. Fentanyl was the most widely used and relatively easily accessible synthetic opioid in Poland. Butyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl were far less popular. The main source of fentanyl was diversion of medicines, notably transdermal patches. Fentanyl, butyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl are administered orally, buccally, sublingually, intranasally, by inhalation and intravenously. Concomitant use of fentanyl and its derivatives with other psychoactive compounds increases the risk of severe adverse effects. Conclusions. Our study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of problems related to abuse of fentanyl, butyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl in Poland. In the light of the relatively high popularity of pharmaceutical fentanyl used for non-medical purposes, there is an urgent need for more strict control over illegal sales of fentanyl transdermal preparations via the Internet, as well as disposal of used patches. -
Control Substance List
Drugs DrugID SubstanceName DEANumbScheNarco OtherNames 1 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine 7458 I N PCPy, PHP, rolicyclidine 2 1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine 9663 I Y PEPAP, synthetic heroin 3 1-[1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine 7470 I N TCP, tenocyclidine 4 1-[1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine 7473 I N TCPy 5 13Beta-ethyl-17beta-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one 4000 III N 6 17Alpha-methyl-3alpha,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane 4000 III N 7 17Alpha-methyl-3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane 4000 III N 8 17Alpha-methyl-3beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene 4000 III N 9 17Alpha-methyl-4-hydroxynandrolone (17alpha-methyl-4-hyd 4000 III N 10 17Alpha-methyl-delta1-dihydrotestosterone (17beta-hydroxy- 4000 III N 17-Alpha-methyl-1-testosterone 11 19-Nor-4-androstenediol (3beta,17beta-dihydroxyestr-4-ene; 4000 III N 12 19-Nor-4-androstenedione (estr-4-en-3,17-dione) 4000 III N 13 19-Nor-5-androstenediol (3beta,17beta-dihydroxyestr-5-ene; 4000 III N 14 19-Nor-5-androstenedione (estr-5-en-3,17-dione) 4000 III N 15 1-Androstenediol (3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-1- 4000 III N 16 1-Androstenedione (5alpha-androst-1-en-3,17-dione) 4000 III N 17 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine 9661 I Y MPPP, synthetic heroin 18 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine 7460 II N PCP precursor 19 1-Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile 8603 II N PCC, PCP precursor 20 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine 7348 I N 2C-T-7 21 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine 7399 I N DOET 22 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine 7396 I N DMA, 2,5-DMA 23 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine -
Sensory and Signaling Mechanisms of Bradykinin, Eicosanoids, Platelet-Activating Factor, and Nitric Oxide in Peripheral Nociceptors
Physiol Rev 92: 1699–1775, 2012 doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2010 SENSORY AND SIGNALING MECHANISMS OF BRADYKININ, EICOSANOIDS, PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR, AND NITRIC OXIDE IN PERIPHERAL NOCICEPTORS Gábor Peth˝o and Peter W. Reeh Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Peth˝o G, Reeh PW. Sensory and Signaling Mechanisms of Bradykinin, Eicosanoids, Platelet-Activating Factor, and Nitric Oxide in Peripheral Nociceptors. Physiol Rev 92: 1699–1775, 2012; doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2010.—Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation Lor excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechani- cal, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms -
2 Spice English Presentation
Spice Spice contains no compensatory substances Специи не содержит компенсационные вещества Spice is a mix of herbs (shredded plant material) and manmade chemicals with mind-altering effects. It is often called “synthetic marijuana” because some of the chemicals in it are similar to ones in marijuana; but its effects are sometimes very different from marijuana, and frequently much stronger. It is most often labeled “Not for Human Consumption” and disguised as incense. Eliminationprocess • The synthetic agonists such as THC is fat soluble. • Probably, they are stored as THC in cell membranes. • Some of the chemicals in Spice, however, attach to those receptors more strongly than THC, which could lead to a much stronger and more unpredictable effect. • Additionally, there are many chemicals that remain unidentified in products sold as Spice and it is therefore not clear how they may affect the user. • Moreover, these chemicals are often being changed as the makers of Spice alter them to avoid the products being illegal. • To dissolve the Spice crystals Acetone is used endocannabinoids synhtetic THC cannabinoids CB1 and CB2 agonister Binds to cannabinoidreceptor CB1 CB2 - In the brain -in the immune system Decreased avtivity in the cell ____________________ Maria Ellgren Since some of the compounds have a longer toxic effects compared to naturally THC, as reported: • negative effects that often occur the day after consumption, as a general hangover , but without nausea, mentally slow, confused, distracted, impairment of long and short term memory • Other reports mention the qualitative impairment of cognitive processes and emotional functioning, like all the oxygen leaves the brain. -
Drugs of Abuseon September Archived 13-10048 No
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION WWW.DEA.GOV 9, 2014 on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited Drugs of2011 Abuse EDITION A DEA RESOURCE GUIDE V. Narcotics WHAT ARE NARCOTICS? Also known as “opioids,” the term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word for “stupor” and originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. Though some people still refer to all drugs as “narcot- ics,” today “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. A more current term for these drugs, with less uncertainty regarding its meaning, is “opioid.” Examples include the illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin®, Vicodin®, codeine, morphine, methadone and fentanyl. WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN? The poppy papaver somniferum is the source for all natural opioids, whereas synthetic opioids are made entirely in a lab and include meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone. Semi-synthetic opioids are synthesized from naturally occurring opium products, such as morphine and codeine, and include heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Teens can obtain narcotics from friends, family members, medicine cabinets, pharmacies, nursing 2014 homes, hospitals, hospices, doctors, and the Internet. 9, on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited What are common street names? Street names for various narcotics/opioids include: ➔ Hillbilly Heroin, Lean or Purple Drank, OC, Ox, Oxy, Oxycotton, Sippin Syrup What are their forms? Narcotics/opioids come in various forms including: ➔ T ablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection, syrups, suppositories, lollipops How are they abused? ➔ Narcotics/opioids can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected.