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Nuestro Mundo a Martiano Exploration of the Existential Impact of Climate Change Alejandro Chester Strong Southern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected]

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Nuestro Mundo a Martiano Exploration of the Existential Impact of Climate Change Alejandro Chester Strong Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Acstrong@Gmail.Com Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 8-1-2015 Nuestro Mundo A Martiano Exploration of the Existential Impact of Climate Change Alejandro Chester Strong Southern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Strong, Alejandro Chester, "Nuestro Mundo A Martiano Exploration of the Existential Impact of Climate Change" (2015). Dissertations. Paper 1085. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NUESTRO MUNDO A MARTIANO EXPLORATION OF THE EXISTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE by Alejandro Chester Strong B.A., Boston University, 2004 M.A., Southern Illinois University, 2007 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy. Department of Philosophy in the Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale May of 2015 DISSERTATION APPROVAL NUESTRO MUNDO A MARTIANO EXPLORATION OF THE EXISTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE By Alejandro Chester Strong A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Philosophy Approved by: Douglas Anderson, Chair Thomas Alexander Kenneth Stikkers Erin McKenna Douglas Berger Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale April 30, 2014 AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Alejandro Chester Strong, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Philosophy, presented on *April 30, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. (Do not use abbreviations.) TITLE: NUESTRO MUNDO A MARTIANO EXPLORATION OF THE EXISTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Douglas Anderson I don’t need to start with threatening predictions about climate change. We have all heard plenty of them. I write for those who have taken these numbers to heart as more than numbers. Scientists measure sea level rise in meters and feet, but we will feel the rise in homes, lives, and places. As a philosopher it is these measures I examine. If you are concerned with your role in climate change and don’t know what you should do about it, then you are beginning to ask the question of what does climate change mean. This work is an account of meaning and value in the time of climate change. I use the findings and predictions of scientists to develop a philosophy of living that fits today’s concerns. In essence the ideas put forward come from a single question: If humans can change the planet in such a way that it threatens the possibility of human life on Earth what does this mean for the place of humans on Earth? It is this question, which the every chapter hereafter works to answer. Establishing a philosophy of living and explaining a global ecological crisis is a lofty goal. I should warn you know that things are still plenty murky in the conclusion. This work does not attempt to solve all of the problems of climate change. Far from it, my actual goal is to study those problems and learn what they may teach us about our terrestrial home, and humanity in the time of climate change. The title, Nuestro Mundo is a reference to José Martí’s seminal work “Nuestra America” (Our America). What you are about to read is an attempt to use the insights of that work to develop ways of thinking about the problems of climate change. In the 1890’s Martí wrote to energize i Cuba’s war for independence. His prescription: throw off foreign ideals, examine what it is to be Cuban, and fight for what is Cuba. Today I write to inform and energize people to act for our planet. My prescription: throw off artificial ideals, examine what it is to be of the Earth, and fight for the planet’s survival. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to Maria Louisa de la Vega, it is from her stories that I am Cuban. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am still surprised that I made it this far in my education. I want to start by thanking my parents for not accepting learning disabilities as a limitation for me and continuing to support me to search for my strength, and continuing to support me when I decided it was philosophy. Once at college, I cannot say enough for what I learned from the excellent professors of Boston Universities, but it was Victor Kestenbaum who helped me feel how exciting philosophy really was. It was after a directed study with Dr Kestenbaum that I began to think grad school was a reality for me. The philosophy department at Southern Illinois University of Carbondale was the perfect place for me, I could not have asked for a better group of colleagues or professors. I would especially like to thank the members of my committee. Kenneth Stikkers, Thomas Alexander, Erin McKenna, and Douglas Berger have been role models for me long before I started writing this dissertation. I made two friends during my first semester at SIU whose support has not been limited to philosophy. Thanks to my friend, role model, and advisor Douglas Anderson, and to one of the truest philosophers I know Jeff Linz. A final thanks to my wife Katie Knipscher for giving me the freedom to finish. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... i DEDICATION ............................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................ iv CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1 – Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2 – Review of Sections .............................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 3 – Notes on Reading, Problem of Climate Change .................................. 24 CHAPTER 4 – Physical Problem of Climate Change .................................................. 34 CHAPTER 5 – Political and Individual Response to Climate Change ........................ 44 CHAPTER 6 – Existential Significance of Climate Change ........................................ 58 CHAPTER 7 – Connecting the levels and Reading Martí ............................................ 66 CHAPTER 8 – Political Prison in Cuba and Exile in Spain ......................................... 76 CHAPTER 9 – The Spanish Republic and Spanish Education .................................... 82 CHAPTER 10 – Nuestra America and The United States ............................................ 93 CHAPTER 11 – The Exiles Vantage Point ................................................................ 102 CHAPTER12 – Natural Context ................................................................................. 110 CHAPTER 13 – Patria and De-Colonization .............................................................. 122 CHAPTER14 – Updating Contextualism ................................................................... 133 CHAPTER 15 – Methods and Themes ....................................................................... 144 CHAPTER 16 – Updating the Elemental ................................................................... 155 v CHAPTER 17 – Updating the Essential ..................................................................... 160 CHAPTER 18 – Updating Resource ........................................................................... 169 CHAPTER 19 – Updating the Ideal ............................................................................ 180 CHAPTER 20– Conclusion ........................................................................................ 190 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 203 VITA ......................................................................................................................... 206 vi CHAPTER 1 FINDING OURSELVES IN OUR WARMER PLANET The idea for this dissertation came to me after listening to an interview with a climate scientist on National Public Radio. During the interview the scientist claimed that science needed to develop a new human nature in order to prevent climate change. This remark struck me. I found it strange for a person who seemingly believes science is uncovering the real truth of nature to ask us to create a new version of nature. This contradiction piqued my interest, but I didn't give it much thought until sometime later, when reading an existential reflection on nuclear weapons. Unfortunately, it was too late to find the scientist’s name, but I still remembered the call for a new human nature—a call echoed in 20th century reflections in the face of nuclear annihilation. Much like the threat of nuclear weapons, climate change reveals new aspects of our existential situation. To think in the time of climate change, we need to develop philosophical positions that account for the existential lessons of climate change; only then will we be able to speak to the meaning of climate change. In this dissertation, I apply the philosophy of José Martí to the philosophical problem of climate change. From his understanding of culture as contextually based, I develop a sense of humanity in today’s climate. Due to the effects of climate change, humanity’s historically stable context is no longer a home. Humans are exiled from the Holocene
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