The Mahabharata
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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Hindu America
HINDU AMERICA Revealing the story of the romance of the Surya Vanshi Hindus and depicting the imprints of Hindu Culture on tho two Americas Flower in the crannied wall, I pluck you out of the crannies, I hold you here, root and all, in my hand. Little flower— but if I could understand What you arc. root and all. and all in all, I should know what God and man is — /'rimtjihui' •lis far m the deeps of history The Voice that speaVeth clear. — KiHtf *Wf. The IIV./-SM#/. CHAMAN LAL NEW BOOK CO HORNBY ROAD, BOMBAY COPY RIGHT 1940 By The Same Author— SECRETS OF JAPAN (Three Editions in English and Six translations). VANISHING EMPIRE BEHIND THE GUNS The Daughters of India Those Goddesses of Piety and Sweetness Whose Selflessness and Devotion Have Preserved Hindu Culture Through the Ages. "O Thou, thy race's joy and pride, Heroic mother, noblest guide. ( Fond prophetess of coming good, roused my timid mood.’’ How thou hast |! THANKS My cordial chaoks are due to the authors and the publisher* mentioned in the (eat for (he reproduction of important authorities from their books and loumils. My indchtcdih-ss to those scholars and archaeologists—American, European and Indian—whose works I have consulted and drawn freely from, ts immense. Bur for the results of list investigations made by them in their respective spheres, it would have been quite impossible for me to collect materials for this book. I feel it my duty to rhank the Republican Governments of Ireland and Mexico, as also two other Governments of Europe and Asia, who enabled me to travel without a passport, which was ruthlessly taken away from me in England and still rests in the archives of the British Foreign Office, as a punishment for publication of my book the "Vanishing Empire!" I am specially thankful to the President of the Republic of Mexico (than whom there is no greater democrat today)* and his Foreign Minister, Sgr. -
Introduction to BI-Tagavad-Gita
TEAcI-tER'S GuidE TO INTROduCTioN TO BI-tAGAVAd-GiTA (DAModAR CLASS) INTROduCTioN TO BHAqAVAd-qiTA Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Hare Krishna Sunday School Program is sponsored by: ISKCON Foundation Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. History ofthe Kuru Dynasty 3 2. Birth ofthe Pandavas 10 3. The Pandavas Move to Hastinapura 16 4. Indraprastha 22 5. Life in Exile 29 6. Preparing for Battle 34 7. Quiz 41 Crossword Puzzle Answer Key 45 Worksheets 46 9ntroduction "Introduction to Bhagavad Gita" is a session that deals with the history ofthe Pandavas. It is not meant to be a study ofthe Mahabharat. That could be studied for an entire year or more. This booklet is limited to the important events which led up to the battle ofKurlLkshetra. We speak often in our classes ofKrishna and the Bhagavad Gita and the Battle ofKurukshetra. But for the new student, or student llnfamiliar with the history ofthe Pandavas, these topics don't have much significance ifthey fail to understand the reasons behind the Bhagavad Gita being spoken (on a battlefield, yet!). This session will provide the background needed for children to go on to explore the teachulgs ofBhagavad Gita. You may have a classroonl filled with childrel1 who know these events well. Or you may have a class who has never heard ofthe Pandavas. You will likely have some ofeach. The way you teach your class should be determined from what the children already know. Students familiar with Mahabharat can absorb many more details and adventures. Young children and children new to the subject should learn the basics well. -
Kerngeschichte Des Mahabharatas
www.hindumythen.de Buch 1 Adi Parva Das Buch von den Anfängen Buch 2 Sabha Parva Das Buch von der Versammlungshalle Buch 3 Vana Parva Das Buch vom Wald Buch 4 Virata Parva Das Buch vom Aufenthalt am Hofe König Viratas Buch 5 Udyoga Parva Das Buch von den Kriegsvorbereitungen Buch 6 Bhishma Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Bhishmas Buch 7 Drona Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Dronas Buch 8 Karna Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Karnas Buch 9 Shalya Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Shalyas Buch 10 Sauptika Parva Das Buch vom nächtlichen Überfall Buch 11 Stri Parva Das Buch von den Frauen Buch 12 Shanti Parva Das Buch vom Frieden Buch 13 Anusasana Parva Das Buch von der Unterweisung Buch 14 Ashvamedha Parva Das Buch vom Pferdeopfer Buch 15 Ashramavasaka Parva Das Buch vom Besuch in der Einsiedelei Buch 16 Mausala Parva Das Buch von den Keulen Buch 17 Mahaprasthanika Parva Das Buch vom großen Aufbruch Buch 18 Svargarohanika Parva Das Buch vom Aufstieg in den Himmel www.hindumythen.de Für Ihnen unbekannte Begriffe und Charaktere nutzen Sie bitte mein Nachschlagewerk www.indische-mythologie.de Darin werden Sie auch auf detailliert erzählte Mythen im Zusammenhang mit dem jeweiligen Charakter hingewiesen. Vor langer Zeit kam in Bharata, wie Indien damals genannt wurde, der Weise Krishna Dvaipayana Veda Vyasa zur Welt. Sein Name bedeutet ‘Der dunkle (Krishna) auf einer Insel (Dvipa) Geborene (Dvaipayana), der die Veden (Veda) teilte (Vyasa). Krishna Dvaipayana war die herausragende Gestalt jener Zeit. Er ordnete die Veden und teilte sie in vier Teile, Rig, Sama, Yajur, Atharva. -
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA PARVA translated by Kesari Mohan Ganguli In parentheses Publications Sanskrit Series Cambridge, Ontario 2002 Salya Parva Section I Om! Having bowed down unto Narayana and Nara, the most exalted of male beings, and the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Janamejaya said, “After Karna had thus been slain in battle by Savyasachin, what did the small (unslaughtered) remnant of the Kauravas do, O regenerate one? Beholding the army of the Pandavas swelling with might and energy, what behaviour did the Kuru prince Suyodhana adopt towards the Pandavas, thinking it suitable to the hour? I desire to hear all this. Tell me, O foremost of regenerate ones, I am never satiated with listening to the grand feats of my ancestors.” Vaisampayana said, “After the fall of Karna, O king, Dhritarashtra’s son Suyodhana was plunged deep into an ocean of grief and saw despair on every side. Indulging in incessant lamentations, saying, ‘Alas, oh Karna! Alas, oh Karna!’ he proceeded with great difficulty to his camp, accompanied by the unslaughtered remnant of the kings on his side. Thinking of the slaughter of the Suta’s son, he could not obtain peace of mind, though comforted by those kings with excellent reasons inculcated by the scriptures. Regarding destiny and necessity to be all- powerful, the Kuru king firmly resolved on battle. Having duly made Salya the generalissimo of his forces, that bull among kings, O monarch, proceeded for battle, accompanied by that unslaughtered remnant of his forces. Then, O chief of Bharata’s race, a terrible battle took place between the troops of the Kurus and those of the Pandavas, resembling that between the gods and the Asuras. -
By Ambalika Smiti
IASBABA.COM ENVIRONMENT: NCERT BOOKS SUMMARY- BY AMBALIKA SMITI CLIMATE Climate Average weather condition over longer period of time Weather Local change in climate, day to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the temperature, humidity, rainfall, windspeed, etc. Vary over short period of time Variation in Temperature In Summer 55°C in the western Rajasthan Minus 45°C in winter around Leh. Churu in Rajasthan >50°C on a June day, it's hardly 19°C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day. On a December night, temperature in Drass (Jammu and Kashmir) minus 45°C while Tiruvanantapuram or Chennai on the same night records 20°C or 22°C. Variation in rainfall Snowfall in Himalaya, while rainfall in all other parts Cherrapunji Maysymnram has highest rainfall while Jaislmer mostly dry Very Hot Jaislmer Very Cold Drass (J&K) Moderate Mumbai India- Major seasons - 4 Season Features Winter (Cold Sunshine slant, Low Temperature weather) December and January are the coldest months Dec-Feb Temperature decreases from South to North northeast trade winds prevail over the country, blow from land to sea Most part has dry season rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast from these winds as, here they blow from sea to land. A characteristic feature over the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest which originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, along with the westerly flow. They cause winter rains locally known as ‘mahawat’ over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. -
Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, UGC Approved Sr
Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, MAR–APR, 2018, VOL- 5/44 AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE FAMOUS RELIGIOUS PLACES OF SOUTH ODISHA Achintya Mahapatra, Ph. D. Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com South Orissa comprises of the undivided districts of Ganjam, Phulbani and Koraput (presently South Orissa divided into eight districts viz., Ganjam, Gajapati, Boudh, Kandhamal, Rayagada, Malkangiri, Nawrangapur and Koraput) was a part of the ancient kingdo m of Kalinga, which finds mention in the Mahabharat, a great epic of India. The district of Ganjam originally formed a part of ancient kingdom of Kalinga which was supposed to have been found in the 19 th century B.C. and which extended from the Bengal frontiers of Orissa to the river Godavari, a distance of about 500 miles. The territory comprising a part of the ancient Atavika land referred to in the special rock inscriptions of Ashoka. Ashoka occupied Kalinga in 261 B.C. but the land of the Atavikas, whic h could not be conquered, remained outside his empire. The formation of the linguistic Province of Orissa in 1936 may be regarded as one of the landmarks in the history of the evolution of the Indian Union. The demand for linguistic States, which became s o conspicuous in India after independence, had its genesis in the movement of the Oriya - speaking people for a separate Province in the basis of language during the later half of the British rule. -
A Comprehensive Guide by Jack Watts and Conner Reynolds Texts
A Comprehensive Guide By Jack Watts and Conner Reynolds Texts: Mahabharata ● Written by Vyasa ● Its plot centers on the power struggle between the Kaurava and Pandava princes. They fight the Kurukshetra War for the throne of Hastinapura, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan. ● As per legend, Vyasa dictates it to Ganesha, who writes it down ● Divided into 18 parvas and 100 subparvas ● The Mahabharata is told in the form of a frame tale. Janamejaya, an ancestor of the Pandavas, is told the tale of his ancestors while he is performing a snake sacrifice ● The Genealogy of the Kuru clan ○ King Shantanu is an ancestor of Kuru and is the first king mentioned ○ He marries the goddess Ganga and has the son Bhishma ○ He then wishes to marry Satyavati, the daughter of a fisherman ○ However, Satyavati’s father will only let her marry Shantanu on one condition: Shantanu must promise that any sons of Satyavati will rule Hastinapura ○ To help his father be able to marry Satyavati, Bhishma renounces his claim to the throne and takes a vow of celibacy ○ Satyavati had married Parashara and had a son with him, Vyasa ○ Now she marries Shantanu and has another two sons, Chitrangada and Vichitravirya ○ Shantanu dies, and Chitrangada becomes king ○ Chitrangada lives a short and uneventful life, and then dies, making Vichitravirya king ○ The King of Kasi puts his three daughters up for marriage (A swayamvara), but he does not invite Vichitravirya as a possible suitor ○ Bhishma, to arrange a marriage for Vichitravirya, abducts the three daughters of Kasi: Amba, -
Death of the Aryan Invasion Theory by Stephen Knapp
Death of the Aryan Invasion Theory By Stephen Knapp With only a small amount of research, a person can discover that each area of the world has its own ancient culture that includes its own gods and legends about the origins of various cosmological realities, and that many of these are very similar. But where did all these stories and gods come from? Did they all spread around the world from one particular source, only to change according to differences in language and customs? If not, then why are some of these gods and goddesses of various areas of the world so alike? Unfortunately, information about prehistoric religion is usually gathered through whatever remnants of earlier cultures we can find, such as bones in tombs and caves, or ancient sculptures, writings, engravings, wall paintings, and other relics. From these we are left to speculate about the rituals, ceremonies, and beliefs of the people and the purposes of the items found. Often we can only paint a crude picture of how simple and backwards these ancient people were while not thinking that more advanced civilizations may have left us next to nothing in terms of physical remains. They may have built houses out of wood or materials other than stone that have since faded with the seasons, or were simply replaced with other buildings over the years, rather than buried by the sands of time for archeologists to unearth. They also may have cremated their dead, as some societies did, leaving no bones to discover. Thus, without ancient museums or historical records from the past, there would be no way of really knowing what the prehistoric cultures were like. -
Srila Mahavishnu Goswami Maharaj Vyasa Puja 2016 - Part 8
Srila Mahavishnu Goswami Maharaj Vyasa Puja 2016 - Part 8 Date: 2016-12-20 Author: Sudarshana devi dasi Hare Krishna Prabhujis and Matajis, Please accept my humble obeisances. All glories to Srila Prabhupada and Srila Gurudeva. This is in continuation of the previous offering titled "Srila Mahavishnu Goswami Maharaj Vyasa Puja 2016", wherein we were hearing some of the glorifications of Maharaj, which were shared by the devotees in Sri Sri Radha Neel Madhav dham, Rajkot on the auspicious occasion of his Vyasa Puja. Now we shall hear further. HG Ambarish Prabhuji from New Zealand: Many years ago when the construction of Sri Sri Radha NeelMadhav was about to begin, we had inquired Maharaj as to whether Maharaj had any design in mind. Maharaj replied, "I don't know. But I want it to be a very grand marble temple for Their Lordships." And true enough, the construction we see now is a beautiful manifestation of all the devotees' love, hardwork and dedication to fulfill Maharaj's wish of offering this wonderful temple to Srila Prabhupada. I really wish that day come soon when we are able to complete the temple construction. I remember Maharaj saying, "Krishna is the Supreme Personality of Godhead and is the husband of goddess of fortune. If He wants, He can complete the temple anytime. For Him why should I become a beggar? Why should I ask for money?" I was shocked when I heard this and was wondering how can we say this so boldly. But it shows Maharaj's faith on Krishna. Maharaj said, "Chant your rounds. -
Chapter 6 Comparison of Attitude Towards Women In
CHAPTER 6 COMPARISON OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS WOMEN IN THE ILIAD. THE ODYSSEY AND THE MAHABHARATA 199 After analysing the individual women characters in all these epics, it is possible to compare the attitudes towards women and their status in the two traditions. A) Women in the Greek epics : Critics like J. W. Mackail complain that Homer did not use all his skill in women's portrayal as he used it in the portrayal of men. He comments in Lectures on Greek Poetry— "Homer's women are likewise [like Shakespeare's] remarkable; yet one has the feeling throughout that they are only fragments, sparingly used and jealously scrutinized, of a lost world of poetry that may have held figures as great as those of Gudrun and Brynhild,>of Imogen or Cleopatra. Andromache and Penelope are the only two women in the foremost plane of action. Both are vivid and actual, as fully alive as men among whom they move. Yet in both it seems as if the poet made them live almost against his will, or against the will of his audience; as though he would rather have given, or they would rather have had given them, generalized portraits of the faithful wife and affectionate mother. The recognition of Odysseus by Penelope might have been treated with the same power and tenderness as the parting of Andromache and Hector; Is the Greek feeling about what was proper for women responsible for its being otherwise and have the limits of the harder Hellenic taste lost for us one of the greatest passages in poetry?"^ 200 As Mackail suggests, a sense of inferiority about women, whether they are aristocratic or piebian, is found almost everywhere in the two Greek epics. -
SRUTAYUS in SRUTAYUS III. a Ksatriya King. SRUTAYUS IV
SRUTAYUS in 743 STHULASIRAS I once a thief of (vii) Another battle was fought between Srutayus and leaves, roots and fruits, day. The pearl, bronze will have Arjuna. (M.B. Drona Parva, Chapter 92, Verse 36) . coral, copper, silver, iron, and stone, rice for Those (viii) Srutayus was killed by his own cudgel. (Maha- to eat millet (Kananna) twelve days. bharata, Drona Parva, Chapter 92, Verse 54). (See who steal food products, vehicle, bed, chair, flowers, also under Srutayudha). fruits, roots etc. will be made to eat Pancagavya SRUTAYUS III. A Ksatriya king. He was born from a (Milk, curd, butter, urine and dung of cow). He who portion of the Daitya, Krodhavasa. We get the follow- steals grass, firewood, tree, dried rice, saccharum, ing details about him from Mahabharata: cloth, hide, meat etc. will have to be made to fast for (i) Srutyayus was the re-birth of Krodhavasa, the three days. Daitya. (M.B. Adi Parva, Chapter 67, Verse 64). STHAIVDILEYU. A son born to Raudrasva, the third a Puru. The celestial maid Misrakesi was the (ii) Srutayus, who was Maharatha (a great warrior) son of King was present at the Svayarhvara of Draupadi. (M.B. mother of Sthandileyu. This Sthandiltyu was a great Verse Adi Parva, Chapter 185, Verse 21 ). archer. (Mahabharata, Adi Parva, Chapter 94, (iii) This Srutayus was a member of Yudhisthira's 8). assembly. (M.B. Sabha Parva, Chapter 4, Verse' 28). STHAftU I. Siva, the son of Brahma. The eleven (iv) On the first day of Bharata battle, there was a Rudras were born from Sthanu.