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Use of Fish and Wildlife by Residents of Angoon, Admirality Island, Alaska

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Use of Fish and Wildlife by Residents of Angoon, Admirality Island, Alaska Use of Fish and Wildlife by Residents of Angoon, Admiralty Island, Alaska by Gabriel D. George and Robert G. Bosworth Technical Paper No. 159 Part Four in a Study of Relationships between Timber Harvest and Fish and Wildlife Utilization in Selected Southeast Alaska Communities Division of Subsistcncc Alaska Department of Fish and Game Juneau, Alaska April 1988 This research was partially supported by ANlLCA Federal Aid Funds administcrcd through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, SG-5, SG-I-6, and SC-l-7. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables.. ...............................................................................................................................iii List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements.. ....................................................................................................................vii CHAPTER 1. Study Background .. 1 Introduction.. ..........................................................................................................................1 Study Objectives and Methodology.. ...........................................................................3 Objectives.. ......................................................................................................................3 Methodology.. .................................................................................................................4 Literature Review.. .....................................................................................................5 Key Respondent Interviews and Subsistence Mapping.. .......................... 6 Randomly Administered Survey.. ........................................................................8 Data Analysis.. ..............................................................................................................9 Verification and Limitations of Data.. ...........................................................10 CHAPTER 2. Description of Angoon and Vicinity .. 11 Location and Environment.. ...........................................................................................11 Historical Background.. ....................................................................................................14 Historical and Contemporary Social Organization of the Angoon Tlingit.. ................................................................................................................................17 Angoon Population and Demographics.. ...................................................................20 Regional Land Status and Land Use.. .......................................................................22 National Forest Lands.. ................................................................................................27 Private Lands.. ..................................................................................................................29 Commercial and Wage Economy.. ................................................................................30 History of Economic Development.. ..................................................................30 The Contemporary Cash Economy.. ...................................................................35 Employment and Income.. .......................................................................................36 CHAPTER 3. Subsistence in the Economy of Angoon .. ..-................................ 45 Historic Resource Use.. .....................................................................................................45 Contemporary Resource Use ..........................................................................................46 Major Influences on Hunting and Fishing Activities.. ...........................................................................................................46 Seasonal Round of Hunting and Fishing Activities.. ...............................49 Subsistence Resource Harvest and Use.. ...................................................................54 Participation in Resource Harvests.. .................................................................54 Resource Harvests in Pounds.. ..............................................................................59 Giving and Receiving Resources.. ......................................................................63 Harvest and Use of Salmon.. ..........................................................................................67 Salmon Harvest by Gear Type.. ...........................................................................67 Subsistence Salmon Permits.. .................................................................................74 Harvest and Use of Deer.. ...............................................................................................79 Deer Harvest Data.. ...................................................................................................80 Deer Harvest by Access Type.. ............................................................................83 Deer Harvest by Residents of Other Communities.. ................................83 Desired Levels of Deer Harvest ................................................... ....................... 89 The Geography of Resource Use.. ...............................................................................89 i Historic Use Areas.. ...................................................................................................89 Contemporary Use Areas ........................................................................................92 Changes in Use Through Time ............................................................................98 Use of Areas to the North of Angoon ...................................................100 Use of Areas Near Angoon and Southward ........................................104 Use of Areas on the West Side of Chatham Strait ...................................................................................................................109 Comparison With Other Survey Data.. .....................................................................119 CHAPTER 4. Case Studies of Changing Subsistence Activities ..........................121 Hood Bay .....................................................................................................................................121 History of Use .............................................................................................................121 Contemporary Uses of Hood Bay.. ....................................................................124 Habitat Change at Hood Bay ...............................................................................124 Patterns of Use of Hood Bay for Deer Hunting .......................................125 Discussion ......................................................................................................................129 Whitewater Bay.. ................................................................................................................130 History of Use .............................................................................................................130 Habitat Change at Hood Bay ...............................................................................131 Patterns of Use of Whitewater Bay for Deer Hunting.. .........................132 Discussion ......................................................................................................................134 Cube Cove.. .............................................................................................................................135 Historic and Contemporary Uses of Cube Cove ........................................135 Habitat Change at Cube Cove .............................................................................I 36 Patterns of Use of Cube Cove for Deer Hunting .....................................137 Discussion.. ....................................................................................................................140 White Rock .............................................................................................................................141 History of Use of White Rock ............................................................................14 1 Habitat Change at White Rock ...........................................................................142 Patterns of Use of White Rock for Deer Hunting ....................................142 Discussion ......................................................................................................................144 CHAPTER 5. Discussion and Conclusions .. I46 Literature Cited .. , . 156 Appendices .....................................................................................................................................16 1 Study Site Selection Criteria ................................................................................161 Weight Conversion Tables .....................................................................................163 Survey Form ...............................................................................................................165 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Characteristics of survey households .. 9 Table 2. Admiralty Island land classification and ownership .. 27 Table 3. Profile of household harvest and use of natural resource by Angoon
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