RETAILER LIST C: HERBAL SUBSTANCES WHICH, WHEN PRESENTED FOR ORAL CONSUMPTION OR TOPICAL APPLICATION, MAY REQUIRE A MARKETING AUHTORISATION (MA) OR CERTIFICATE OF TRADITIONAL USE REGISTRATION (TR).

Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Aconite Aconitum napellus (L) Yes Yes

Synonyms: Wolfsbane; Monkshood

African tree bark Pygeum africanum Yes Yes and fruit.

Synonyms: African plum tree; Pygeum; Prune tree; Iron wood; (Red) Stinkwood; African plum; African prune; African cherry; Bitter almond

American Hedeoma pulegioides Yes Case-by-Case* pennyroyal (L) Pers

Arnica flower Arnica Montana L Yes Case-by-Case *

Synonyms: Leopard's bane flower; Wolf's bane flower; Mountain tobacco flower

Ashwagandha Withania somnifera L. Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* Dunal

Synonyms:

Indian Ginseng; Poison gooseberry; Winter cherry

Asian Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

robustum Maxim

Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale Yes Yes L

Synonyms: Meadow Saffron

Autumn mandrake Mandragora Yes Yes autumnalis

Barbados Aloes Aloe barbadensis If anthraquinone/aloin No: unless medicinal Miller content < 1 ppm then claims are made. Synonyms: (Synonym A.vera L.) not a medicinal Aloe vera product unless medicinal claims are made

Barberry Berberis vulgaris Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: European barberry;

Berberis Bearberry Leaf Arctostaphylos uva- Yes No: unless medicinal ursi claims are made. L. Spreng Synonyms:

Uva-Ursi

Belladonna herb Atropa belladonna L Yes Yes and root (See list B entry 3)

Synonyms:

Deadly nightshade

Birch leaf and bark Betula pendula ROTH Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made or the essential oil is used.

Bittersweet Solanum dulcamara L Yes Case-by-Case*

Black Cohosh root Cimicifuga racemosa Yes Case-by-Case*

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption and rhizome L. Nutt (Synonym Actaea Synonyms: racemosa) Black bugbane; Black snakeroot; Fairy candle Black haw Viburnum Yes Case-by-Case* prunifolium Black nightshade Solanum nigrum L Yes Yes

Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum Yes Case-by-Case* thalictroides L. (See list B entry 4) Synonyms: Michaux Squawroot

Blue flag Iris versicolor L Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Harlequin Blueflag; Larger Blue Flag; Northern Blue Flag

Blue Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis L. Yes No: unless oil is used or medicinal claims are made.

Boldo leaf Peumus boldus Yes Yes: unless ascaridole Molina content is negligible.

Boneset Eupatorium Yes Yes perfoliatum L

Synonyms:

Agueweed; Feverwort; Sweating-

Borage oil and Borago officinalis L If oil and leaves are No: unless medicinal leaves free from Pyrrolizidine claims are made.

Alkaloids then not a

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Synonyms: medicinal product unless medicinal Starflower; Borage claims are made.

Boswellia Boswellia serrata Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Indian frankincense; Salai; Shallaki Brachyglottis Brachyglottis species Yes Yes

Synonyms:

Rangiora; Bush- man’s friend Bryony root Bryonia species (All) Yes Yes

Synonyms:

Briony root; Bryonie root; English Mandrake root; Wild Vine root; Wild Hops root; Wild Nep root; Tamus root; Ladies' Seal root; Tetterbury root

Buchu leaf Agathosma spp. Yes Yes

Synonyms: Synonyms:

Buchu; Boegoe; Barosma spp. Bucco; Bookoo; Diosma

Butchers broom Ruscus aculeatus L Yes Case-by-Case* shoots and rhizome

Synonyms:

Sweet Broom; Kneeholy; Knee Holly; Kneeholm;

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Jew's Myrtle; Pettigree; Hare's apple

Butterbur Petasites hybridus Yes Yes

(L) G. Gaertn., Mey & Scherb Synonyms: (Synonyms Petasites Bog rhubarb; officinalis Moench; P. Devil's hat; ovatus, P. vulgaris Pestilence wort; and Tussilago Sweet Coltsfoot petasites L)

Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa L Yes Yes

Calabar bean Physostigma Yes Yes venenosum Balf

Cape Aloes Aloe ferox Miller Yes, unless No: unless medicinal anthraquinone/aloin claims are made. content < 1 ppm.

Cascara bark Rhamnus purshiana Yes No: unless medicinal DC claims are made. (Synonym Frangula purshiana, Rhamnus purshianus)

Castor oil plant Ricinus communis L Yes Case-by-Case*

Cat’s Claw root, Uncaria tomentosa Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* bark and leaves (Wild. Ex Schott DC)

Chasteberry Vitex agnus-castus L Yes Case-by-Case* fruit/berries

Synonyms:

Chaste tree; Agnus castus

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Clematis Clematis species Yes Yes

Synonyms:

Traveller's Joy; Virgin's Bower; Old Man's Beard; Vase vine; Leather Flower

Colocynth Citrullus colocynthis Yes Yes L. Schrad

Synonyms:

Bitter apple; Bitter cucumber; Desert gourd

Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara L Yes Case-by-Case*

Comfrey Symphytum L species Yes Yes

Symphytum officinale L Synonyms:

Comfrey Root; Knitbone Common Bugloss Anchusa officinalis (L) Yes Yes

Common Gromwell Lithospermum Yes No: unless medicinal officinale L claims are made.

Synonyms:

European Stoneseed

Common Senecio vulgaris L Yes Yes Groundsel

Common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal fruit, sprigs, leaves, Jacq claims are made. and flowers &their

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption alcoholic extracts

Synonyms:

Single-seeded hawthorn

Common Madder Rubia tinctorum L Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms:

Dyer's madder

Common Rue Ruta graveolens L Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms:

Rue; Herb-of-grace

Copalchi Croton guatemalensis Yes Yes (Euphorbiaceae) Lotsy

Copalchi Coutarea latiflora DC Yes Yes () (Synonym Hintonia latiflora)

Costa Rica Cephaelis acuminata Yes Yes Ipecacuanha Karst

Country Mallow Sida cordifolia Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms:

Heart-leaf Sida; Flannel Weed

Croton plant Croton tiglium (L) Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Dandelion root and Taraxacum officinalis Case-by-Case No: unless medicinal herb Weber claims are made. NMT 800 mg Dandelion root or herb per daily dose.

Deerwort boneset Eupatorium Yes Yes aramaticum L.

Synonyms:

Pool Root

Devils claw root Harpagophytum Yes Case-by-Case* and tubers procumbens DC

Harpagophytum zeyheri Doronic ragwort Senecio doronicum L Yes Yes

Diviners sage Salvia divinorum Yes Yes

Epling & Jativa

Synonyms:

Ska María Pastora; Seer's Sage

Dusty miller Senecio bicolor Yes Yes (Willd.) Tod

(Synonym Senecio Synonyms: cineraria; Jacobaea maritima) Silver ragwort

Dyers Broom Genista tinctoria L Yes Yes

Dyer’s Bugloss Alkanna tinctoria Yes Case-by-Case* (Tausch)

Synonyms:

Alkanet

Echinacea whole Echinacea spp. Yes No: unless medicinal plant and plant

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption parts claims are made.

Elecampane root Inula henenium L Yes Yes

Synonyms: Horse-heal; Marchalan

Epazote Chenopodium Yes Yes if oil is used. ambrosioides L.

(Synonym Dysphania ambrosioides) var

Anthelminthicum Synonyms: (American) Wormseed

Ergot sclerotia Claviceps purpurea Yes Yes (Fr.) Tul

Eucommia bark Eucommia ulmoides L Yes Yes and leaves

Synonyms: Gutta-percha tree

Hardy rubber tree

European Heliotropium Yes Yes heliotrope europaeum L

Felty Germander Teucrium polium L Yes Yes

Synonyms: Kalpooreh

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* depending on claims made, anethole content and presentation.

Feverfew Tanacetum Yes Case-by-Case* parthenium L.

Synonyms: (Synonyms Bachelor's buttons; Chrysanthemum Featherfew parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium)

Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Yes Yes (L)

Raf ex de Cand

Flame lily Gloriosa superba L. Yes Yes

Synonyms: Fire lily; Gloriosa lily; Glory lily; Superb lily; Climbing lily; Creeping lily

Foxglove Digitalis purpurea L Yes Yes

Synonyms: Common Foxglove; Purple Foxglove; Lady’s Glove

Frangula bark Rhamnus frangula L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. Synonyms: Alder buckthorn bark Garden heliotrope Heliotropium Yes Yes arborescens L

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Synonyms: Cherry pie; Common heliotrope

German Matricaria recutita L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal Chamomile flower claims are made. heads

Synonyms: Scented Mayweed

Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. Synonyms: Gingko; Maidenhair tree

Globe artichoke Cynara scolymus Yes No: unless medicinal leaf claims are made.

Goat’s Rue Galega officinalis Case-by-Case* No, unless medicinal claims are made. Synonyms: French lilac; Italian fitch; Professor- weed

Goldenrod Solidago virgaurea L Yes Case-by-Case*

Goldenseal root Hydrastis Canadensis Yes No: unless medicinal and rhizome L claims are made.

Synonyms: Orangeroot; Yellow puccoon

Greater Celandine Chelidonium majus L. Yes Yes

Synonyms: Tetterwort

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Greater periwinkle Vinca major L Yes Yes

Synonyms: Bigleaf Periwinkle; Large Periwinkle; Blue Periwinkle

Griffonia Griffonia simplicifolia Yes Case-by-Case* (DC) Baill.

Gypsy wort Lycopus europaeus L Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Bugleweed; European Bugleweed; Water Horehound

Han Fang Ji Stephania tetrandra Yes Yes S. Moore

Hawthorn Crataegus spp Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*

Synonyms:

May-tree; Whitehorn; Hawberry

Hemlock Conium maculatum L Yes Yes

Hemp agrimony Eupatorium Yes Yes cannabinum L

Hemp Cannabis sativa L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made. claims are made. Seeds

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Henbane Hyoscyamus niger L. Yes Yes

Synonyms: Black Henbane; Sticking Nightshade

Hop strobile Humulus lupulus L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Horse Chestnut Aesculus Yes Yes seed hippocastanum L.

Horsetail aerial Equisetum arvense L Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* parts

Hounds tongue Cynoglossum Yes Yes officinale

Synonyms: Houndstooth; Dog's tongue; Gypsy flower

Houpou Magnolia Magnolia officinalis Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. Rehder & Wilson

Synonyms:

Magnolia-bark

Italian Bugloss Anchusa italica Retz Yes Yes

(Synonym Anchusa azurea)

Indian heliotrope Heliotropium indicum Yes Yes L

Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata L. Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Ipecacuanha Cephaelis Yes Yes (Matto Grosso) ipecacuanha (Brotero) A. Richard

Ivy leaf and berries Hedera helix L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Jaborandi Pilocarpus jaborandi Yes Yes Vahl (See list B entry 19) Pilocarpus jaborandi Holmes

Jalap root and resin Exogonium purga Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. (Synonym Ipomoea purga)

Jamaica Dogwood Piscidia piscipula (L) Yes Yes Sarg

(Synonym Piscidia Synonyms: erythrina) Florida fishpoison tree; Fishfuddle

Japanese Scopolia carniolica Yes Yes Belladonna Lam

Synonyms: Henbane bell

Jasmine Gelsemium nitidum Yes Yes Mich Synonyms: (Synonym Gelsemium sempervirens L.J.St- Carolina Jasmine; Hil) Carolina Jessamine; Yellow Jasmine; Yellow Jessamine; Evening Trumpet flower; Gelsemium; Wild Woodbine

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Joe-Pye weed Eupatorium Yes No: unless medicinal purpureum (L) claims are made.

E Lamont

Kamala Mallotus Yes Yes philippinensis Mueller

(Syn Rottlera tinctoria)

Kava kava Piper methysticum G Yes Case-by-Case* Forst

Kombe Strophanthus kombe Yes Yes Oliv.

Kratom Yes Yes Korth

Synonyms: Kratum; Krathom

Lady's Mantle Alchemilla vulgaris Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Leontopodium; Stellaria

Lemon balm leaf Melissa officinalis L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made. claims are made. Synonyms: Balm leaf; Balm mint leaf

Lesser Celandine Ranunculus ficaria L Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Pilewort

Lesser periwinkle Vinca minor L Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Synonyms: Small periwinkle; Common periwinkle

Levant Wormseed Artemisia cina Yes Yes

O.Berg and C F Schmidt Synonyms: Santonica

Liferoot Senecio aureus L Yes Yes

(Synonym Packera aurea) Synonyms: Golden Ragwort; St. James Wort

Lily of the Valley Convallaria majalis L. Yes Yes

Male Fern Dryopteris filix-mas Yes Case-by-Case basis* (L) Schott

Mandrake Mandragora Yes Yes officinarum L

Marsh Labrador Oil Ledum palustre L Yes Yes

(Synonym Rhododendron Synonyms: tomentosum Wild Harmaja)

Rosemary

Mayapple Resin Podophyllum Yes Yes peltatum L

Indian Mayapple Podophyllum

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Resin hexandrum

Yes Yes

Mayflower fruit Crataegus Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal oxyacantha Thuill claims are made. Synonyms: (Synonym Crataegus Northern European laevigata)

Hawthorn Milk Thistle Silybum marianum L No: unless the No: unless medicinal fruit/seed Silymarin maximum claims are made. dose or maximum daily dose is 200mg or more.

Muira Puama Ptychopetalum Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* olacoides Synonyms: Potency wood

Northern Prickly Zanthoxylum Yes Case-by-Case* Ash americanum Mill

Synonyms: Common Pricklyash; Toothache Tree; Yellow Wood; Suterberry

Nux vomica Strychnos nux vomica Yes Yes L

Synonyms:

Poison nut; Semen strychnos; Quaker buttons; Strychnine tree

Oat seed Avena sativa L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Oleander Nerium oleander Yes Yes

Nerium species

Pasque Flower Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill Yes Case-by-Case*

Passionflower Passiflora incarnata L Yes Case-by-Case*

Pau d’Arco Tabebuia species Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Lapacho; Taheebo; Ipes; Trumpet Bush

Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium L Yes Case-by-Case* (European)

Synonyms: Squaw mint; Mosquito plant; Pudding grass

Pepper fruit Capsicum annuum L No: unless medicinal Case-by-Case* claims are made. Synonyms: Capsicum

Peppermint Mentha piperita L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made. claims are made.

Peruvian heliotrope Heliotropium Yes Yes peruvianum L Pheasants eye Adonis vernalis L Yes Yes

Synonyms: False

Hellebore

Ragwort Senecio adonidifolius Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Loisel

(Synonym Jacobaea adonidifolia)

Red Squill Urginea maritima L Yes Yes Baker Synonyms: (Synonym Drimia Sea Squill; Sea maritima) onion

Rhubarb Rheum officinale Baill If anthraquinone/ aloin No: unless medicinal underground plant Rheum palmatum L content < 1 ppm then claims are made. parts not a medicinal product unless medicinal claims are made.

Roman chamomile Chamaemelum Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* nobile Synonyms: (Synonym Anthemis English chamomile nobilis)

Rose Root; roots Rhodiola rosea L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal and rhizomes claims are made. claims are made.

Synonyms: Arctic Root

Sassafras Sassafras species Yes No: provided no medicinal claims are made and provided the Synonyms: product complies with Ague tree; the Safrole restrictions Cinnamon wood; in the Cosmetics Saloop; Saxifrax Products Regulation.

Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens Yes No: unless medicinal fruits/berries (C.Bartram) J.K. Small claims are made. Sabal serrulatum Serenoa serrulata

Savin Juniperus sabina L. Yes Yes

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Synonyms: Savin Juniper

Scammony Convolvulus Yes Yes scammonia L

Scarlet poppy Papaver bracteatum Yes: unless seeds are Yes: unless seeds are Lindl used. used.

Synonyms: Iranian poppy

Sea Wormwood Artemisia maritima L Yes Case-by-Case*

Senecio Senecio incanus L Yes Yes

(Jacobaea incana)

Synonyms: Grey ragwort

Senna – Egyptian Cassia acutifolia Yes No: unless medicinal (Alexandrian) Delile claims are made.

Senna – Indian Cassia angustifolia Yes No: unless medicinal (Tinnevelly) M.Vahl claims are made. (Synonym Cassia senna L)

Skullcap Scutellaria spp. L Yes Yes

Synonyms: Blisswort

Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus Yes Yes foetidus Salisb

Synonyms: Clumpfoot Cabbage; Swamp Cabbage; Foetid Pothos

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Small Bugloss Anchusa arvensis (L) Yes Case-by-Case* M. Bieb

Southern Prickly Zanthoxylum clava- Yes Case-by-Case* Ash herculis L

Synonyms: Hercules Club; Pepperwood

Spiny restharrow Ononis Spinosa L Yes Yes oil and root

Synonyms: Bugrane; Finweed; Ground Furze; Harrow Rest; Horse's Breath; Lady-whin; Wild Liquorice; Rassels; Whin; Cat Whin

Spruce shoot Picea abies L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made or used as a chest rub.

St. John’s Wort Hypericum Yes Case-by-Case* perforatum L

Tansy Chrysanthemum Yes Case-by-Case* vulgare L. Bernh

(Synonym Tanacetum Synonyms: vulgare) Bitter Buttons; Cow Bitter; Mugwort; Golden Buttons

Thyme herb and oil Thymus vulgaris L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made or used as a chest rub.

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Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption

Tongkat ali Eurycoma longifolia Yes Case-by-Case*

Synonyms: Eurycoma; Long Jack pasak bumi

Valerian root Valeriana officinalis L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.

Wall Germander Teucrium chamaedrys Yes Yes L Walnut fruit Juglans regia L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made or an claims are made. ethanolic extract is used.

White Peony Paeonium album Yes Case-by-Case*

Wooly Foxglove Digitalis lanata L Yes Yes

Synonyms: Grecian Foxglove

Wood ragwort Senecio nemorensis L Yes Yes

Wormwood Artemisia absinthium Yes Yes

Yew Taxus L species Yes Yes

Yohimbe Pausinystalia Yes Yes yohimbe (K Schum)

Pierre ex Beille Synonyms: (Synonym Coryanthe; johimbe) Corynanthe; Johimbe

* Case-by-Case: the determination of classification of a product as a medicinal product, medical device, food supplement or cosmetic product is dependent on the following:

- National legislation; - Relevant EU case law;

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- Previous classification decisions, including marketing authorisations and registrations granted; - The specific characteristics of the individual product, these include but are not limited to;

o The substance used o The amount of the substance used o How the substance is used o The level of processing and purification used in the manufacture of the product and/or in the case of herbal products the plant or plant part used o the effect exerted or claimed to be exerted by the product o how the product is to be used by the patient / consumer o The safety of the product in use

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