RETAILER LIST C: HERBAL SUBSTANCES WHICH, WHEN PRESENTED FOR ORAL CONSUMPTION OR TOPICAL APPLICATION, MAY REQUIRE A MARKETING AUHTORISATION (MA) OR CERTIFICATE OF TRADITIONAL USE REGISTRATION (TR).
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Aconite Aconitum napellus (L) Yes Yes
Synonyms: Wolfsbane; Monkshood
African tree bark Pygeum africanum Yes Yes and fruit.
Synonyms: African plum tree; Pygeum; Prune tree; Iron wood; (Red) Stinkwood; African plum; African prune; African cherry; Bitter almond
American Hedeoma pulegioides Yes Case-by-Case* pennyroyal (L) Pers
Arnica flower Arnica Montana L Yes Case-by-Case *
Synonyms: Leopard's bane flower; Wolf's bane flower; Mountain tobacco flower
Ashwagandha Withania somnifera L. Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* Dunal
Synonyms:
Indian Ginseng; Poison gooseberry; Winter cherry
Asian Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum Yes Yes
1/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
robustum Maxim
Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale Yes Yes L
Synonyms: Meadow Saffron
Autumn mandrake Mandragora Yes Yes autumnalis
Barbados Aloes Aloe barbadensis If anthraquinone/aloin No: unless medicinal Miller content < 1 ppm then claims are made. Synonyms: (Synonym A.vera L.) not a medicinal Aloe vera product unless medicinal claims are made
Barberry Berberis vulgaris Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: European barberry;
Berberis Bearberry Leaf Arctostaphylos uva- Yes No: unless medicinal ursi claims are made. L. Spreng Synonyms:
Uva-Ursi
Belladonna herb Atropa belladonna L Yes Yes and root (See list B entry 3)
Synonyms:
Deadly nightshade
Birch leaf and bark Betula pendula ROTH Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made or the essential oil is used.
Bittersweet Solanum dulcamara L Yes Case-by-Case*
Black Cohosh root Cimicifuga racemosa Yes Case-by-Case*
2/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption and rhizome L. Nutt (Synonym Actaea Synonyms: racemosa) Black bugbane; Black snakeroot; Fairy candle Black haw Viburnum Yes Case-by-Case* prunifolium Black nightshade Solanum nigrum L Yes Yes
Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum Yes Case-by-Case* thalictroides L. (See list B entry 4) Synonyms: Michaux Squawroot
Blue flag Iris versicolor L Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Harlequin Blueflag; Larger Blue Flag; Northern Blue Flag
Blue Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis L. Yes No: unless oil is used or medicinal claims are made.
Boldo leaf Peumus boldus Yes Yes: unless ascaridole Molina content is negligible.
Boneset Eupatorium Yes Yes perfoliatum L
Synonyms:
Agueweed; Feverwort; Sweating-plant
Borage oil and Borago officinalis L If oil and leaves are No: unless medicinal leaves free from Pyrrolizidine claims are made.
Alkaloids then not a
3/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Synonyms: medicinal product unless medicinal Starflower; Borage claims are made.
Boswellia Boswellia serrata Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Indian frankincense; Salai; Shallaki Brachyglottis Brachyglottis species Yes Yes
Synonyms:
Rangiora; Bush- man’s friend Bryony root Bryonia species (All) Yes Yes
Synonyms:
Briony root; Bryonie root; English Mandrake root; Wild Vine root; Wild Hops root; Wild Nep root; Tamus root; Ladies' Seal root; Tetterbury root
Buchu leaf Agathosma spp. Yes Yes
Synonyms: Synonyms:
Buchu; Boegoe; Barosma spp. Bucco; Bookoo; Diosma
Butchers broom Ruscus aculeatus L Yes Case-by-Case* shoots and rhizome
Synonyms:
Sweet Broom; Kneeholy; Knee Holly; Kneeholm;
4/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Jew's Myrtle; Pettigree; Hare's apple
Butterbur Petasites hybridus Yes Yes
(L) G. Gaertn., Mey & Scherb Synonyms: (Synonyms Petasites Bog rhubarb; officinalis Moench; P. Devil's hat; ovatus, P. vulgaris Pestilence wort; and Tussilago Sweet Coltsfoot petasites L)
Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa L Yes Yes
Calabar bean Physostigma Yes Yes venenosum Balf
Cape Aloes Aloe ferox Miller Yes, unless No: unless medicinal anthraquinone/aloin claims are made. content < 1 ppm.
Cascara bark Rhamnus purshiana Yes No: unless medicinal DC claims are made. (Synonym Frangula purshiana, Rhamnus purshianus)
Castor oil plant Ricinus communis L Yes Case-by-Case*
Cat’s Claw root, Uncaria tomentosa Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* bark and leaves (Wild. Ex Schott DC)
Chasteberry Vitex agnus-castus L Yes Case-by-Case* fruit/berries
Synonyms:
Chaste tree; Agnus castus
5/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Clematis Clematis species Yes Yes
Synonyms:
Traveller's Joy; Virgin's Bower; Old Man's Beard; Vase vine; Leather Flower
Colocynth Citrullus colocynthis Yes Yes L. Schrad
Synonyms:
Bitter apple; Bitter cucumber; Desert gourd
Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara L Yes Case-by-Case*
Comfrey Symphytum L species Yes Yes
Symphytum officinale L Synonyms:
Comfrey Root; Knitbone Common Bugloss Anchusa officinalis (L) Yes Yes
Common Gromwell Lithospermum Yes No: unless medicinal officinale L claims are made.
Synonyms:
European Stoneseed
Common Senecio vulgaris L Yes Yes Groundsel
Common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal fruit, sprigs, leaves, Jacq claims are made. and flowers &their
6/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption alcoholic extracts
Synonyms:
Single-seeded hawthorn
Common Madder Rubia tinctorum L Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms:
Dyer's madder
Common Rue Ruta graveolens L Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms:
Rue; Herb-of-grace
Copalchi Croton guatemalensis Yes Yes (Euphorbiaceae) Lotsy
Copalchi Coutarea latiflora DC Yes Yes (Rubiaceae) (Synonym Hintonia latiflora)
Costa Rica Cephaelis acuminata Yes Yes Ipecacuanha Karst
Country Mallow Sida cordifolia Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms:
Heart-leaf Sida; Flannel Weed
Croton plant Croton tiglium (L) Yes Yes
7/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Dandelion root and Taraxacum officinalis Case-by-Case No: unless medicinal herb Weber claims are made. NMT 800 mg Dandelion root or herb per daily dose.
Deerwort boneset Eupatorium Yes Yes aramaticum L.
Synonyms:
Pool Root
Devils claw root Harpagophytum Yes Case-by-Case* and tubers procumbens DC
Harpagophytum zeyheri Doronic ragwort Senecio doronicum L Yes Yes
Diviners sage Salvia divinorum Yes Yes
Epling & Jativa
Synonyms:
Ska María Pastora; Seer's Sage
Dusty miller Senecio bicolor Yes Yes (Willd.) Tod
(Synonym Senecio Synonyms: cineraria; Jacobaea maritima) Silver ragwort
Dyers Broom Genista tinctoria L Yes Yes
Dyer’s Bugloss Alkanna tinctoria Yes Case-by-Case* (Tausch)
Synonyms:
Alkanet
Echinacea whole Echinacea spp. Yes No: unless medicinal plant and plant
8/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption parts claims are made.
Elecampane root Inula henenium L Yes Yes
Synonyms: Horse-heal; Marchalan
Epazote Chenopodium Yes Yes if oil is used. ambrosioides L.
(Synonym Dysphania ambrosioides) var
Anthelminthicum Synonyms: (American) Wormseed
Ergot sclerotia Claviceps purpurea Yes Yes (Fr.) Tul
Eucommia bark Eucommia ulmoides L Yes Yes and leaves
Synonyms: Gutta-percha tree
Hardy rubber tree
European Heliotropium Yes Yes heliotrope europaeum L
Felty Germander Teucrium polium L Yes Yes
Synonyms: Kalpooreh
9/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* depending on claims made, anethole content and presentation.
Feverfew Tanacetum Yes Case-by-Case* parthenium L.
Synonyms: (Synonyms Bachelor's buttons; Chrysanthemum Featherfew parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium)
Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Yes Yes (L)
Raf ex de Cand
Flame lily Gloriosa superba L. Yes Yes
Synonyms: Fire lily; Gloriosa lily; Glory lily; Superb lily; Climbing lily; Creeping lily
Foxglove Digitalis purpurea L Yes Yes
Synonyms: Common Foxglove; Purple Foxglove; Lady’s Glove
Frangula bark Rhamnus frangula L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. Synonyms: Alder buckthorn bark Garden heliotrope Heliotropium Yes Yes arborescens L
10/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Synonyms: Cherry pie; Common heliotrope
German Matricaria recutita L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal Chamomile flower claims are made. heads
Synonyms: Scented Mayweed
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. Synonyms: Gingko; Maidenhair tree
Globe artichoke Cynara scolymus Yes No: unless medicinal leaf claims are made.
Goat’s Rue Galega officinalis Case-by-Case* No, unless medicinal claims are made. Synonyms: French lilac; Italian fitch; Professor- weed
Goldenrod Solidago virgaurea L Yes Case-by-Case*
Goldenseal root Hydrastis Canadensis Yes No: unless medicinal and rhizome L claims are made.
Synonyms: Orangeroot; Yellow puccoon
Greater Celandine Chelidonium majus L. Yes Yes
Synonyms: Tetterwort
11/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Greater periwinkle Vinca major L Yes Yes
Synonyms: Bigleaf Periwinkle; Large Periwinkle; Blue Periwinkle
Griffonia Griffonia simplicifolia Yes Case-by-Case* (DC) Baill.
Gypsy wort Lycopus europaeus L Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Bugleweed; European Bugleweed; Water Horehound
Han Fang Ji Stephania tetrandra Yes Yes S. Moore
Hawthorn Crataegus spp Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case*
Synonyms:
May-tree; Whitehorn; Hawberry
Hemlock Conium maculatum L Yes Yes
Hemp agrimony Eupatorium Yes Yes cannabinum L
Hemp Cannabis sativa L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made. claims are made. Seeds
12/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Henbane Hyoscyamus niger L. Yes Yes
Synonyms: Black Henbane; Sticking Nightshade
Hop strobile Humulus lupulus L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.
Horse Chestnut Aesculus Yes Yes seed hippocastanum L.
Horsetail aerial Equisetum arvense L Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* parts
Hounds tongue Cynoglossum Yes Yes officinale
Synonyms: Houndstooth; Dog's tongue; Gypsy flower
Houpou Magnolia Magnolia officinalis Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. Rehder & Wilson
Synonyms:
Magnolia-bark
Italian Bugloss Anchusa italica Retz Yes Yes
(Synonym Anchusa azurea)
Indian heliotrope Heliotropium indicum Yes Yes L
Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata L. Yes Yes
13/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Ipecacuanha Cephaelis Yes Yes (Matto Grosso) ipecacuanha (Brotero) A. Richard
Ivy leaf and berries Hedera helix L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.
Jaborandi Pilocarpus jaborandi Yes Yes Vahl (See list B entry 19) Pilocarpus jaborandi Holmes
Jalap root and resin Exogonium purga Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made. (Synonym Ipomoea purga)
Jamaica Dogwood Piscidia piscipula (L) Yes Yes Sarg
(Synonym Piscidia Synonyms: erythrina) Florida fishpoison tree; Fishfuddle
Japanese Scopolia carniolica Yes Yes Belladonna Lam
Synonyms: Henbane bell
Jasmine Gelsemium nitidum Yes Yes Mich Synonyms: (Synonym Gelsemium sempervirens L.J.St- Carolina Jasmine; Hil) Carolina Jessamine; Yellow Jasmine; Yellow Jessamine; Evening Trumpet flower; Gelsemium; Wild Woodbine
14/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Joe-Pye weed Eupatorium Yes No: unless medicinal purpureum (L) claims are made.
E Lamont
Kamala Mallotus Yes Yes philippinensis Mueller
(Syn Rottlera tinctoria)
Kava kava Piper methysticum G Yes Case-by-Case* Forst
Kombe Strophanthus kombe Yes Yes Oliv.
Kratom Mitragyna speciosa Yes Yes Korth
Synonyms: Kratum; Krathom
Lady's Mantle Alchemilla vulgaris Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Leontopodium; Stellaria
Lemon balm leaf Melissa officinalis L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made. claims are made. Synonyms: Balm leaf; Balm mint leaf
Lesser Celandine Ranunculus ficaria L Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Pilewort
Lesser periwinkle Vinca minor L Yes Yes
15/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Synonyms: Small periwinkle; Common periwinkle
Levant Wormseed Artemisia cina Yes Yes
O.Berg and C F Schmidt Synonyms: Santonica
Liferoot Senecio aureus L Yes Yes
(Synonym Packera aurea) Synonyms: Golden Ragwort; St. James Wort
Lily of the Valley Convallaria majalis L. Yes Yes
Male Fern Dryopteris filix-mas Yes Case-by-Case basis* (L) Schott
Mandrake Mandragora Yes Yes officinarum L
Marsh Labrador Oil Ledum palustre L Yes Yes
(Synonym Rhododendron Synonyms: tomentosum Wild Harmaja)
Rosemary
Mayapple Resin Podophyllum Yes Yes peltatum L
Indian Mayapple Podophyllum
16/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Resin hexandrum
Yes Yes
Mayflower fruit Crataegus Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal oxyacantha Thuill claims are made. Synonyms: (Synonym Crataegus Northern European laevigata)
Hawthorn Milk Thistle Silybum marianum L No: unless the No: unless medicinal fruit/seed Silymarin maximum claims are made. dose or maximum daily dose is 200mg or more.
Muira Puama Ptychopetalum Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* olacoides Synonyms: Potency wood
Northern Prickly Zanthoxylum Yes Case-by-Case* Ash americanum Mill
Synonyms: Common Pricklyash; Toothache Tree; Yellow Wood; Suterberry
Nux vomica Strychnos nux vomica Yes Yes L
Synonyms:
Poison nut; Semen strychnos; Quaker buttons; Strychnine tree
Oat seed Avena sativa L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made.
17/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Oleander Nerium oleander Yes Yes
Nerium species
Pasque Flower Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill Yes Case-by-Case*
Passionflower Passiflora incarnata L Yes Case-by-Case*
Pau d’Arco Tabebuia species Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Lapacho; Taheebo; Ipes; Trumpet Bush
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium L Yes Case-by-Case* (European)
Synonyms: Squaw mint; Mosquito plant; Pudding grass
Pepper fruit Capsicum annuum L No: unless medicinal Case-by-Case* claims are made. Synonyms: Capsicum
Peppermint Mentha piperita L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made. claims are made.
Peruvian heliotrope Heliotropium Yes Yes peruvianum L Pheasants eye Adonis vernalis L Yes Yes
Synonyms: False
Hellebore
Ragwort Senecio adonidifolius Yes Yes
18/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Loisel
(Synonym Jacobaea adonidifolia)
Red Squill Urginea maritima L Yes Yes Baker Synonyms: (Synonym Drimia Sea Squill; Sea maritima) onion
Rhubarb Rheum officinale Baill If anthraquinone/ aloin No: unless medicinal underground plant Rheum palmatum L content < 1 ppm then claims are made. parts not a medicinal product unless medicinal claims are made.
Roman chamomile Chamaemelum Case-by-Case* Case-by-Case* nobile Synonyms: (Synonym Anthemis English chamomile nobilis)
Rose Root; roots Rhodiola rosea L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal and rhizomes claims are made. claims are made.
Synonyms: Arctic Root
Sassafras Sassafras species Yes No: provided no medicinal claims are made and provided the Synonyms: product complies with Ague tree; the Safrole restrictions Cinnamon wood; in the Cosmetics Saloop; Saxifrax Products Regulation.
Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens Yes No: unless medicinal fruits/berries (C.Bartram) J.K. Small claims are made. Sabal serrulatum Serenoa serrulata
Savin Juniperus sabina L. Yes Yes
19/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Synonyms: Savin Juniper
Scammony Convolvulus Yes Yes scammonia L
Scarlet poppy Papaver bracteatum Yes: unless seeds are Yes: unless seeds are Lindl used. used.
Synonyms: Iranian poppy
Sea Wormwood Artemisia maritima L Yes Case-by-Case*
Senecio Senecio incanus L Yes Yes
(Jacobaea incana)
Synonyms: Grey ragwort
Senna – Egyptian Cassia acutifolia Yes No: unless medicinal (Alexandrian) Delile claims are made.
Senna – Indian Cassia angustifolia Yes No: unless medicinal (Tinnevelly) M.Vahl claims are made. (Synonym Cassia senna L)
Skullcap Scutellaria spp. L Yes Yes
Synonyms: Blisswort
Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus Yes Yes foetidus Salisb
Synonyms: Clumpfoot Cabbage; Swamp Cabbage; Foetid Pothos
20/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Small Bugloss Anchusa arvensis (L) Yes Case-by-Case* M. Bieb
Southern Prickly Zanthoxylum clava- Yes Case-by-Case* Ash herculis L
Synonyms: Hercules Club; Pepperwood
Spiny restharrow Ononis Spinosa L Yes Yes oil and root
Synonyms: Bugrane; Finweed; Ground Furze; Harrow Rest; Horse's Breath; Lady-whin; Wild Liquorice; Rassels; Whin; Cat Whin
Spruce shoot Picea abies L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made or used as a chest rub.
St. John’s Wort Hypericum Yes Case-by-Case* perforatum L
Tansy Chrysanthemum Yes Case-by-Case* vulgare L. Bernh
(Synonym Tanacetum Synonyms: vulgare) Bitter Buttons; Cow Bitter; Mugwort; Golden Buttons
Thyme herb and oil Thymus vulgaris L Case-by-Case* No: unless medicinal claims are made or used as a chest rub.
21/23
Herbal Substance Botanical Name Considered Medicinal Considered Medicinal if used for Oral if used Topically Consumption
Tongkat ali Eurycoma longifolia Yes Case-by-Case*
Synonyms: Eurycoma; Long Jack pasak bumi
Valerian root Valeriana officinalis L Yes No: unless medicinal claims are made.
Wall Germander Teucrium chamaedrys Yes Yes L Walnut fruit Juglans regia L No: unless medicinal No: unless medicinal claims are made or an claims are made. ethanolic extract is used.
White Peony Paeonium album Yes Case-by-Case*
Wooly Foxglove Digitalis lanata L Yes Yes
Synonyms: Grecian Foxglove
Wood ragwort Senecio nemorensis L Yes Yes
Wormwood Artemisia absinthium Yes Yes
Yew Taxus L species Yes Yes
Yohimbe Pausinystalia Yes Yes yohimbe (K Schum)
Pierre ex Beille Synonyms: (Synonym Coryanthe; Corynanthe johimbe) Corynanthe; Johimbe
* Case-by-Case: the determination of classification of a product as a medicinal product, medical device, food supplement or cosmetic product is dependent on the following:
- National legislation; - Relevant EU case law;
22/23
- Previous classification decisions, including marketing authorisations and registrations granted; - The specific characteristics of the individual product, these include but are not limited to;
o The substance used o The amount of the substance used o How the substance is used o The level of processing and purification used in the manufacture of the product and/or in the case of herbal products the plant or plant part used o the effect exerted or claimed to be exerted by the product o how the product is to be used by the patient / consumer o The safety of the product in use
23/23