Alkaloids Used As Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity—An Update and Forward Look
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Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Croton Tiglium Plant Against Skin Disease Causing Microbes
International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, PP 139-144 ISSN 2349-0357 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0365 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Croton Tiglium Plant against Skin Disease Causing Microbes Parbin Iraqui Prof.R.N.S Yadav Dept of Life Sciences, PhD Research Scholar Centre for Studies in Biotechnology Dibrugarh University, Assam, India Director, Centre for Studies in Biotechnology Dibrugarh University, Assam, India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used to treat human diseases from the time immemorial. Skin disorders can also be cured using herbal formulations. This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of leaf and seed extracts of Croton tiglium plant. The aim of the study was to assesses the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of leaf and seed extracts of Croton tighlium for potential antimicrobial activity against skin disease causing microbes using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts of Croton tiglium were tested against four bacterial and three fungal strains. Bacterial strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal strains were Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis. Zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of standards. The results showed remarkable inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth against tested organisms. The phytochemical analysis was also performed which showed the presence active components like phenol, flavonoids saponins, steroids etc. in the extracts. -
Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species
Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect. -
Index Vol. 12-15
353 INDEX VOL. 12-15 Die Stichworte des Sachregisters sind in der jeweiligen Sprache der einzelnen Beitrage aufgefiihrt. Les termes repris dans la Table des matieres sont donnes selon la langue dans laquelle l'ouvrage est ecrit. The references of the Subject Index are given in the language of the respective contribution. 14 AAG (Alpha-acid glycoprotein) 120 14 Adenosine 108 12 Abortion 151 12 Adenosine-phosphate 311 13 Abscisin 12, 46, 66 13 Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 148 14 Absorbierbarkeit 317 13 Adenosine triphosphate 358 14 Absorption 309, 350 15 S-Adenosylmethionine 261 13 Absorption of drugs 139 13 Adipaenin (Spasmolytin) 318 14 - 15 12 Adrenal atrophy 96 14 Absorptionsgeschwindigkeit 300, 306 14 - 163, 164 14 Absorptionsquote 324 13 Adrenal gland 362 14 ACAI (Anticorticocatabolic activity in 12 Adrenalin(e) 319 dex) 145 14 - 209, 210 12 Acalo 197 15 - 161 13 Aceclidine (3-Acetoxyquinuclidine) 307, 13 {i-Adrenergic blockers 119 308, 310, 311, 330, 332 13 Adrenergic-blocking activity 56 13 Acedapsone 193,195,197 14 O(-Adrenergic blocking drugs 36, 37, 43 13 Aceperone (Acetabutone) 121 14 {i-Adrenergic blocking drugs 38 12 Acepromazin (Plegizil) 200 14 Adrenergic drugs 90 15 Acetanilid 156 12 Adrenocorticosteroids 14, 30 15 Acetazolamide 219 12 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 13 Acetoacetyl-coenzyme A 258 16,30,155 12 Acetohexamide 16 14 - 149,153,163,165,167,171 15 1-Acetoxy-8-aminooctahydroindolizin 15 Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) 216 (Slaframin) 168 14 Adrenosterone 153 13 4-Acetoxy-1-azabicyclo(3, 2, 2)-nonane 12 Adreson 252 -
Investigation of Key Genes and Pathways in Inhibition of Oxycodone on Vincristine-Induced Microglia Activation by Using Bioinformatics Analysis
Hindawi Disease Markers Volume 2019, Article ID 3521746, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3521746 Research Article Investigation of Key Genes and Pathways in Inhibition of Oxycodone on Vincristine-Induced Microglia Activation by Using Bioinformatics Analysis Wei Liu,1 Jishi Ye,2 and Hong Yan 1 1Department of Anesthesiology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China 2Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei, China Correspondence should be addressed to Hong Yan; [email protected] Received 2 November 2018; Accepted 31 December 2018; Published 10 February 2019 Academic Editor: Hubertus Himmerich Copyright © 2019 Wei Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are only partially understood. Among them, microglia activation was identified as the key component of neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways associated with vincristine-induced neuropathic pain by using bioinformatics analysis and observe the effects of oxycodone on these DEG expressions in a vincristine-induced microglia activation model. Methods. Based on microarray profile GSE53897, we identified DEGs between vincristine-induced neuropathic pain rats and the control group. Using the ToppGene database, the prioritization DEGs were screened and performed by gene ontology (GO) and signaling pathway enrichment. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to explore the relationship among DEGs. -
The Use of Plants in the Traditional Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and Toxicological Considerations
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155 (2014) 857–924 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological considerations Udoamaka F. Ezuruike n, Jose M. Prieto 1 Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is Received 15 November 2013 now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of Received in revised form herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby 26 May 2014 carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on Accepted 26 May 2014 the available evidence on the species' pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their Available online 12 June 2014 therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country's healthcare Keywords: system. Diabetes Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic Nigeria databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants Ethnopharmacology used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Herb–drug interactions Nigeria. ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Nigeria’ were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then ‘Plant name – WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy accepted or synonyms’, ‘Constituents’, ‘Drug interaction’ and/or ‘Toxicity’ for the secondary searches. -
Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton Tiglium L Seed: an In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2012), 11 (2): 611-620 Copyright © 2012 by School of Pharmacy Received: December 2010 Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Accepted: August 2011 Original Article Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed: An In-vitro and In-vivo Study Zhen Liua, Wenyuan Gaoa*, Jingze Zhanga and Jing Hua,b aSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. bSchool of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China. Abstract The seed of Croton tiglium L. (SCT) is a well known folk medicine. In China, it has used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal inflammation, rheumatism, and so on. Previous studies established its purgative and inflammation properties. In addition, the effects of essential oil of SCT on intestinal transit and gastrointestinal tract has been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of SCT through the writhing test in mice, investigated the effects of it on spontaneous smooth muscle contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum and examined the in-vitro results through the in-vivo small intestine propulsion. We further investigated the possible compounds using HPLC-MS, and six compounds were tentatively identified as phorbol esters. Furthermore, the possible fragmentation pathways of phorbol esters were proposed, and we also detected the possible compounds in the active parts. Keywords: Croton tiglium L; Intestinal propulsion; Smooth muscle; Rabbit jejunum; Antinociceptive; Phorbol esters. Introduction guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cell has been studied, which regulates the gastrointestinal The genus Croton belongs to the family transit in mice, and affects the inflammatory and Euphorbiaceae. -
A Critical Review on Upavisha- Jayapala (Croton Tiglium) ISSN: 2454-5023 Neethu.P.1, Vijitha Vijayan1, Athulya C.M1, Arathi Rajesh2 J
Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2019; 5(1): 18-21 Review Article A critical review on Upavisha- Jayapala (Croton tiglium) ISSN: 2454-5023 Neethu.P.1, Vijitha Vijayan1, Athulya C.M1, Arathi Rajesh2 J. Ayu. Herb. Med. 1 PG Scholar, Department of Agada Tantra, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India 2019; 5(1): 18-21 2 Associate Professor, Department of Agada Tantra, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India © 2019, All rights reserved www.ayurvedjournal.com Received: 28-11-2018 ABSTRACT Accepted: 05-02-2019 The word Upavisha means nearer to visha i.e. drugs which possess the same qualities of visha, but not that much potent. Jayapala (Croton tiglium) is one among the upa vishas and a well-known plant in Indian System of Medicine as certain number of formulations include this drug as an ingredient after proper purification. Also it is one of the known purgative drug in Ayurveda with huge theraputic values. This review article includes overall information about the plant jayapala, its botanical description, Toxicological aspect, treatment medicolegal aspects in both Ayurveda and Modern toxicology, its shodhana (purification) processes. Keywords: Upavisha, Croton tiglium. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda is the science of health and healing. In ancient classical literatures Ayurveda was known as the science of eight literatures (Astangas). Agada Tantra is one of the incredible branches among astangas which is used for diagnosis of visha (poisons) and thier management. It is also used for medicolegal cases in the court of law for justice. Generally, visha is classified into Sthavara (inanimate poisons) Jangama) and kritrima visha (artificial poisons). -
Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a)
Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a) of Brinjal Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Saad Serfraz, Vikas Sharma, Florian Maumus, Xavier Aubriot, Andrew Geering, Pierre-Yves Teycheney To cite this version: Saad Serfraz, Vikas Sharma, Florian Maumus, Xavier Aubriot, Andrew Geering, et al.. Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a) of Brinjal Eggplant (Solanum melongena). Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2021, 12, 10.3389/fpls.2021.683681. hal-03328857 HAL Id: hal-03328857 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03328857 Submitted on 30 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License fpls-12-683681 July 22, 2021 Time: 17:32 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 23 July 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683681 Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a) of Brinjal Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Saad Serfraz1,2,3, Vikas Sharma4†, Florian Maumus4, Xavier Aubriot5, Andrew D. W. Geering6 and Pierre-Yves Teycheney1,2* -
The Phytochemical Analysis of Vinca L. Species Leaf Extracts Is Correlated with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Effects
molecules Article The Phytochemical Analysis of Vinca L. Species Leaf Extracts Is Correlated with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Effects 1,2, 3 3 1 1 Alexandra Ciorît, ă * , Cezara Zăgrean-Tuza , Augustin C. Mot, , Rahela Carpa and Marcel Pârvu 1 Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes, -Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3 Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes, -Bolyai University, 11 Arany János St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (C.Z.-T.); [email protected] (A.C.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-264-584-037 Abstract: The phytochemical analysis of Vinca minor, V. herbacea, V. major, and V. major var. variegata leaf extracts showed species-dependent antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects correlated with the identified phytoconstituents. Vincamine was present in V. minor, V. major, and V. major var. variegata, while V. minor had the richest alkaloid content, followed by V. herbacea. V. major var. variegata was richest in flavonoids and the highest total phenolic content was found in V. herbacea which also had elevated levels of rutin. Consequently, V. herbacea had the highest antioxidant activity V. major variegata V. major V. minor followed by var. Whereas, the lowest one was of . The extract showed the most efficient inhibitory effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, V. herbacea had a good anti-bacterial potential only against S. -
Microgram Journal, Vol 3, Number 2
MICROGRAM Laboratory Operations Division Office Of Science And Drug Abuse Prevention BUREAU OF NARCOTICS & DANGEROUS DRUGS / U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE / WASHINGTION, D.C. 20537 Vol.III, No. 2 March-April, 1970 STP (4-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) hydrochloride was found coating the inside of capsules sent to BNDDfrom Germany. The capsules were clear, hard gelatin, standard shape size No. o. Average weight was 114 milligrams. Each capsule had a white crystalline coating on inner surface of capsule body. Apparently a measu~ed amount of solution had been placedin the cap·sule body, after which it was rotated to spread the solution on the inner surface. The substance contained 8. 7 milli grams STP (DOM)HCl per ca·psule. · These were the first STP capsules of this type seen by our laboratory. A few years ago, capsules were ob tained in the U.S. similarly coated with LSD. STP (Free Base) on laboratory filter paper, also from Germany, was seen for the first time in our laboratory. The STP spots, containing approxi mately 8 miliigrams STP base each, were 5/8 to 3/4 inch in diameter. The paper was 1\ inches square. Phencyclidine (Free Base) was recently analyzed on parsley leaves. Called "Angel DUst, 11 the phencyclidine on two samples of leaves was 2.6% and 3.6%. Approximately thirty pounds of 94% pure powder was also analyzed. (For identification of phencyclidine base, see Microgram, II, 1, p.3 (Jan 1969). IMITATIONSof well-known drug products are examined frequently in our Special Testing and Research Laboratory. Many of these are well made preparations and closely resemble the imitated product. -
Nové Psychoaktívne Látky Rastlinného Pôvodu Na Drogovej Scéne
Prehľadové články 149 Nové psychoaktívne látky rastlinného pôvodu na drogovej scéne MUDr. Mária Martinove, ml. CPLDZ OLÚP, n. o., Predná Hora FZaSP TRUNI, Trnava Na drogovej scéne dochádza naďalej k vzniku a následne k užívaniu nových psychoaktívnych látok (NPL) nielen syntetického, ale aj rastlinného pôvodu. V súčasnosti k najčastejšie sa vyskytujúcim novým rastlinným drogám patrí khat, kratom a šalvia divotvorná. Majú celosvetový prienik na drogový trh a hlavnou cestou ich šírenia je internet. Kľúčové slová: nové prírodné látky, khat, kratom, šalvia divotvorná. New psychoactive plant-based substances on the drug scene On the drug scene there still continues rise and use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), not only synthetic substances but also plant- -based substances. Currently, the most commonly occurring plant-based new drugs include khat, kratom and salvia divinorum. They have global effect on the drug market and the main way of their distribution is the Internet. Key words: new plant-based substances, khat, kratom, salvia divinorum. Psychiatr. prax; 2014; 15(4): 149–152 Úvod vých krajín), Ázia (7 nových krajín) a Afrika (6 to oblastiach. Psychoaktívne účinky vyplývajú Súčasný drogový trh nám okrem iného po- nových krajín) (17). z uvoľnenia katinónu a katínu pri žuvaní listov (15). núka nové psychoaktívne látky (NPL), ktoré sú Khat ako ker sa dostal do povedomia nové z hľadiska výskytu na drogovej scéne a roz- Celosvetový prienik NPL Európanom už koncom 18. storočia a v 19. sto- šírené už nielen v radoch rekreačných užívateľov rastlinného pôvodu ročí, a jeho aktívne zložky z rastlín boli izolované drog, ale aj u problémových užívateľov drog. Dvadsaťtri krajín zo všetkých regió- v 19. -
Inhibitory Effects of Phytochemicals on Metabolic Capabilities of CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10 Using Cell-Based Models in Vitro
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2014) 35: 685–696 npg © 2014 CPS and SIMM All rights reserved 1671-4083/14 $32.00 www.nature.com/aps Original Article Inhibitory effects of phytochemicals on metabolic capabilities of CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10 using cell-based models in vitro Qiang QU1, 2, Jian QU1, Lu HAN2, Min ZHAN1, Lan-xiang WU3, Yi-wen ZHANG1, Wei ZHANG1, Hong-hao ZHOU1, * 1Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; 2Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; 3Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Aim: Herbal products have been widely used, and the safety of herb-drug interactions has aroused intensive concerns. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phytochemicals on the catalytic activities of human CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10 in vitro. Methods: HepG2 cells were stably transfected with CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10 expression vectors. The metabolic kinetics of the enzymes was studied using HPLC and fluorimetry. Results: HepG2-CYP2D6*1 and HepG2-CYP2D6*10 cell lines were successfully constructed. Among the 63 phytochemicals screened, 6 compounds, including coptisine sulfate, bilobalide, schizandrin B, luteolin, schizandrin A and puerarin, at 100 μmol/L inhibited CYP2D6*1- and CYP2D6*10-mediated O-demethylation of a coumarin compound AMMC by more than 50%. Furthermore, the inhibition by these compounds was dose-dependent. Eadie-Hofstee plots demonstrated that these compounds competitively inhibited CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10. However, their Ki values for CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10 were very close, suggesting that genotype- dependent herb-drug inhibition was similar between the two variants.