Two-Step Contractions of Inverted Repeat Region and Psai Gene Duplication from the Plastome of Croton Tiglium (Euphorbiaceae)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Croton Tiglium Plant Against Skin Disease Causing Microbes
International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, PP 139-144 ISSN 2349-0357 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0365 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Croton Tiglium Plant against Skin Disease Causing Microbes Parbin Iraqui Prof.R.N.S Yadav Dept of Life Sciences, PhD Research Scholar Centre for Studies in Biotechnology Dibrugarh University, Assam, India Director, Centre for Studies in Biotechnology Dibrugarh University, Assam, India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used to treat human diseases from the time immemorial. Skin disorders can also be cured using herbal formulations. This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of leaf and seed extracts of Croton tiglium plant. The aim of the study was to assesses the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of leaf and seed extracts of Croton tighlium for potential antimicrobial activity against skin disease causing microbes using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts of Croton tiglium were tested against four bacterial and three fungal strains. Bacterial strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal strains were Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis. Zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of standards. The results showed remarkable inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth against tested organisms. The phytochemical analysis was also performed which showed the presence active components like phenol, flavonoids saponins, steroids etc. in the extracts. -
Management of Invasive Plants and Pests of Illinois
MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE PLANTS AND PESTS OF ILLINOIS AUTHORS Tricia Bethke, Forest Pest Outreach Coordinator, The Morton Arboretum Christopher Evans, Extension Forester, UIUC NRES ORIGINAL AUTHOR Karla Gage, Southern Illinois University 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication was funded, in part, through a grant from the Illinois Forestry Development Council (ifdc.nres.illinois.edu). Management of Invasive Plants and Pests of Illinois is an update and expansion of the original Management of Invasive Plants of Southern Illinois. The authors wish to acknowledge the Illinois Wildlife Preservation Fund, which supported the creation of the original document. The authors wish to thank The Morton Arboretum and Kurt Dreisilker, Mark Hochsprung, Mark McKinney and Clair Ryan for their edits and review of this document. The authors wish to thank The Morton Arboretum’s Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, which is generously funded by the Tellabs Foundation, for support, in part, of the publication of this guide. The authors wish to thank the USDA Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service which supported, in part, the update and publication of this document. The authors wish to thank the River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area and Kevin Rohling for assisting in the development of this publication. The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and Extension Forestry at the University of Illinois would like to thank and acknowledge the Renewable Resources Extension Act (RREA) and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture -
Observational Monitoring of Biological Control Vs. Herbicide to Suppress Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) for Eight Years
Session 9 Post-release Evaluation and Management 417 Observational Monitoring of Biological Control vs. Herbicide to Suppress Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) for Eight Years R. A. Progar1, G. Markin2, D. Scarbrough3, C. L. Jorgensen4 and T. Barbouletos5 1USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 [email protected] 2USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1648 South 7th Avenue, MSU Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717-2780 [email protected] 3USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Boise Field Office, 1249 Vinnell Way, Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The effectiveness of Aphthona flea beetles (87 percent A. lacertosa Rosenhauer and A. czwalinae Weise, and 13 percent A. nigriscutis Foudras) as biological control agents of leafy spurge, Ephorbia esula L. was compared with a single application of herbicide (picloram) and untreated plots for a period of 8 years. Percentage of cover of leafy spurge, grasses; and flea beetle numbers were measured each year from 2000 through 2007. Cover of leafy spurge on Aphthona biological control plots exhibited annual declines until 2005. In 2006, these plots showed a temporary rebound in leafy spurge coverage followed by a decline in 2007. Spurge cover increased on the herbicide-treated plots and remained unchanged on the untreated check plots from 2000 through 2003. In 2003, the flea beetles began to emigrate from the release points within the biological control plots and dispersed throughout much of the surrounding leafy spurge infested area including the herbicide treated and check plots. This dispersal and colonization caused a subsequent decline in spurge cover on the herbicide-treated and control plots from 2004 through 2007. -
Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton Tiglium L Seed: an In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2012), 11 (2): 611-620 Copyright © 2012 by School of Pharmacy Received: December 2010 Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Accepted: August 2011 Original Article Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed: An In-vitro and In-vivo Study Zhen Liua, Wenyuan Gaoa*, Jingze Zhanga and Jing Hua,b aSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. bSchool of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China. Abstract The seed of Croton tiglium L. (SCT) is a well known folk medicine. In China, it has used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal inflammation, rheumatism, and so on. Previous studies established its purgative and inflammation properties. In addition, the effects of essential oil of SCT on intestinal transit and gastrointestinal tract has been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of SCT through the writhing test in mice, investigated the effects of it on spontaneous smooth muscle contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum and examined the in-vitro results through the in-vivo small intestine propulsion. We further investigated the possible compounds using HPLC-MS, and six compounds were tentatively identified as phorbol esters. Furthermore, the possible fragmentation pathways of phorbol esters were proposed, and we also detected the possible compounds in the active parts. Keywords: Croton tiglium L; Intestinal propulsion; Smooth muscle; Rabbit jejunum; Antinociceptive; Phorbol esters. Introduction guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cell has been studied, which regulates the gastrointestinal The genus Croton belongs to the family transit in mice, and affects the inflammatory and Euphorbiaceae. -
A Critical Review on Upavisha- Jayapala (Croton Tiglium) ISSN: 2454-5023 Neethu.P.1, Vijitha Vijayan1, Athulya C.M1, Arathi Rajesh2 J
Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2019; 5(1): 18-21 Review Article A critical review on Upavisha- Jayapala (Croton tiglium) ISSN: 2454-5023 Neethu.P.1, Vijitha Vijayan1, Athulya C.M1, Arathi Rajesh2 J. Ayu. Herb. Med. 1 PG Scholar, Department of Agada Tantra, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India 2019; 5(1): 18-21 2 Associate Professor, Department of Agada Tantra, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India © 2019, All rights reserved www.ayurvedjournal.com Received: 28-11-2018 ABSTRACT Accepted: 05-02-2019 The word Upavisha means nearer to visha i.e. drugs which possess the same qualities of visha, but not that much potent. Jayapala (Croton tiglium) is one among the upa vishas and a well-known plant in Indian System of Medicine as certain number of formulations include this drug as an ingredient after proper purification. Also it is one of the known purgative drug in Ayurveda with huge theraputic values. This review article includes overall information about the plant jayapala, its botanical description, Toxicological aspect, treatment medicolegal aspects in both Ayurveda and Modern toxicology, its shodhana (purification) processes. Keywords: Upavisha, Croton tiglium. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda is the science of health and healing. In ancient classical literatures Ayurveda was known as the science of eight literatures (Astangas). Agada Tantra is one of the incredible branches among astangas which is used for diagnosis of visha (poisons) and thier management. It is also used for medicolegal cases in the court of law for justice. Generally, visha is classified into Sthavara (inanimate poisons) Jangama) and kritrima visha (artificial poisons). -
Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a)
Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a) of Brinjal Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Saad Serfraz, Vikas Sharma, Florian Maumus, Xavier Aubriot, Andrew Geering, Pierre-Yves Teycheney To cite this version: Saad Serfraz, Vikas Sharma, Florian Maumus, Xavier Aubriot, Andrew Geering, et al.. Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a) of Brinjal Eggplant (Solanum melongena). Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2021, 12, 10.3389/fpls.2021.683681. hal-03328857 HAL Id: hal-03328857 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03328857 Submitted on 30 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License fpls-12-683681 July 22, 2021 Time: 17:32 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 23 July 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683681 Insertion of Badnaviral DNA in the Late Blight Resistance Gene (R1a) of Brinjal Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Saad Serfraz1,2,3, Vikas Sharma4†, Florian Maumus4, Xavier Aubriot5, Andrew D. W. Geering6 and Pierre-Yves Teycheney1,2* -
Cocarcinogenic Principles from the Seed Oil of Croton Tiglium and from Other Euphorbiaceae
ICANCERRESEARCH28,2338-2349,November1968] Cocarcinogenic Principles from the Seed Oil of Croton tiglium and from Other Euphorbiaceae Erich Hecker Biochemisches Institut am Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany first or "initiation" stage of Berenblum experiments as the Introduction result of essentially irreversible biologic events was readily ac cepted. However, the interpretation of the second or "pro The spurge family or Euphorbiacea includes some 280 gen motion" stage remained controversial for many years, espe era and 8000 species which occur in tropical and in temperate regions all over the world. These succulent or nonsucculent cially after a weak but definite tumorigenic activity of croton plants range from herbs and shrubs to tree and cactus types. oil was detected (see Refs. 10, 36). In case of irreversible Many of them contain a milky juice which is more or less tumorigenic events caused by croton oil, the oil would be just toxic, especially for cold-blooded animals, and can produce a another carcinogen. In case of reversible tumorigenic events dermatitis similar to that from poison ivy. The fruits are usual caused by croton oil, a special type of cocarcinogenic activity ly three-celled capsules, each cell containing a single seed from would have been demonstrated which could be called tumor- which in some species toxic, vesicating, and irritant seed oils promoting activity (10). If the nature of the biologic activity may be obtained. The largest genera of the spurge family are of croton oil could be established definitely in the sense of a those of Croton, with about 700 species, and of spurge or tumor promoter rather than as a carcinogen, Berenblum exper Euphorbia, with about 1600 species. -
Aspects of Ecology and Conservation of the Pygmy Loris Nycticebus Pygmaeus in Vietnam
Aus dem Institut für Zoologie, Fischkrankheiten und Fischereibiologie der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Angefertigt am Endangered Primate Rescue Center Cuc Phuong National Park Vietnam Aspects of Ecology and Conservation of the Pygmy Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus in Vietnam Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München vorgelegt von Ulrike Streicher aus Bamberg München, Oktober 2004 Dem Andenken meines Vaters Preface The first pygmy lorises came to the Endangered Primate Rescue Center in 1995 and were not much more than the hobby of the first animal keeper, Manuela Klöden. They were at that time, even by Vietnamese scientists or foreign primate experts, considered not very important. They were abundant in the trade and there was little concern about their wild status. It has often been the fate of animals that are considered common not to be considered worth detailed studies. But working with confiscated pygmy lorises we discovered a number of interesting facts about them. They seasonally changed the pelage colour, they showed regular weight variations, and they did not eat in certain times of the year. And I met people interested in lorises and told them, what I had observed and realized these facts were not known. So I started to collect data more or less to proof what we had observed at the centre. Due to the daily veterinary tasks data collection was rather randomly and unfocussed. But the more we got to know about the pygmy lorises, the more interesting it became. The answer to one question immediately generated a number of consecutive questions. -
Field Guide for Managing Leafy Spurge in the Southwest
United States Department of Agriculture Field Guide for Managing Leafy Spurge in the Southwest Forest Southwestern Service Region TP-R3-16-12 Revised June 2017 Cover Photos Upper left: Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Right: John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Lower left: George Markham, Forest Service, Bugwood.org In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. -
Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbial Communities, and Health in Nonhuman Primates
Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbial Communities, and Health in Nonhuman Primates A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Jonathan Brent Clayton IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Advised by Drs. Timothy J. Johnson and Michael P. Murtaugh December 2015 © Jonathan Brent Clayton 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisors, Drs. Timothy Johnson and Michael Murtaugh, for believing in my abilities from day one, and helping me to design a thesis project based on my research interests and passion for nonhuman primate health. I would like to thank my aforementioned advisors and remaining committee members, Drs. Ken Glander, Herbert Covert and Dominic Travis for their daily guidance, unwavering support, and embarking on this journey with me. I would also like to thank Dr. Mark Rutherford, Lisa Hubinger, and Kate Barry for taking care of administrative matters. I am thankful for the incredible group of colleagues in the Johnson lab for their support, helpfulness, and friendship; Jessica Danzeisen, Kyle Case, Dr. Bonnie Youmans, Dr. Elicia Grace, and Dr. Kevin Lang. I am also thankful to the members of the Knights lab, Pajau Vangay and Tonya Ward for their help with data analysis and copious constructive feedback. I would like to thank Dr. Steve Ross and the Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes staff for training me on behavioral data collection methodology, which was a critical step in preparation for data collection in Vietnam. I am also thankful to Francis Cabana for helping to analyze the feeding ecology and nutritional analysis data. -
The Evolutionary Fate of Rpl32 and Rps16 Losses in the Euphorbia Schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) Plastome Aldanah A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome Aldanah A. Alqahtani1,2* & Robert K. Jansen1,3 Gene transfers from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus are an important process in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Plastid (pt) gene losses have been documented in multiple angiosperm lineages and are often associated with functional transfers to the nucleus or substitutions by duplicated nuclear genes targeted to both the plastid and mitochondrion. The plastid genome sequence of Euphorbia schimperi was assembled and three major genomic changes were detected, the complete loss of rpl32 and pseudogenization of rps16 and infA. The nuclear transcriptome of E. schimperi was sequenced to investigate the transfer/substitution of the rpl32 and rps16 genes to the nucleus. Transfer of plastid-encoded rpl32 to the nucleus was identifed previously in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. An E. schimperi transcript of pt SOD-1- RPL32 confrmed that the transfer in Euphorbiaceae is similar to other Malpighiales indicating that it occurred early in the divergence of the order. Ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the plastome in most angiosperms but not in Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. Substitution of the E. schimperi pt rps16 was likely due to a duplication of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted rps16 resulting in copies dually targeted to the mitochondrion and plastid. Sequences of RPS16-1 and RPS16-2 in the three families of Malpighiales (Salicaceae, Passiforaceae and Euphorbiaceae) have high sequence identity suggesting that the substitution event dates to the early divergence within Malpighiales. -
Alkaloids Used As Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity—An Update and Forward Look
molecules Review Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity—An Update and Forward Look Michael Heinrich 1,2,* , Jeffrey Mah 1 and Vafa Amirkia 1 1 Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (V.A.) 2 Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-20-7753-5844 Abstract: Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species’ abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of ’driver species‘ and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to ‘rare’ alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid Citation: Heinrich, M.; Mah, J.; Amirkia, V.