Denmark's Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan
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Vision for Smart Energy in Denmark - Research, Development and Demonstration
Smart Energy Networks VISION FOR SMART Research, Development and Demonstration ENERGY IN DENMARK Research, Development and Demonstration Vision for Smart Energy in Denmark - Research, Development and Demonstration The Danish agenda for climate and energy is efficiencies, integration of the various energy very ambitious aiming at a renewable-based infrastructures (electricity, gas, heating and energy system by 2050. The road to 2050 will cooling), flexible energy consumption in build- not be easy - new technologies, architectures, ings, industry and transport, and smart system markets, actors and business models need to be operation. developed, and including changes in the regu- lation of the energy systems and tax systems, The transition of the energy system requires which allow for and support new business mod- rethinking the energy management and the 3 2 els and new consumption patterns. way we use energy. It is essential that the over- all design and solutions for the future smart Vision for Smart Energy in Denmark The ambition can only be achieved in a sustain- energy system are cost-effective and not least able way through combinations of high energy socially acceptable and feasible. The future Smart THE DEFINITION OF A SMART ENERGY SYSTEM: A smart energy system is a cost-effective, sustainable and secure energy system in Energy System which renewable energy production, infrastructures and consumption are integrated Vision for Smart Energy in Denmark and coordinated through energy services, active users and enabling technologies. The future Smart Energy System will be sustai- The main renewable energy sources in Den- nable, efficient, cost effective, integrated and mark are wind, solar and biomass. -
In-Depth Review of Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes of Denmark
09486/00_Cover EN 5/03/04 7:39 Page 1 Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects (PEEREA) In-depth Review of Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes of Denmark Energy Charter Secretariat 2004 Boulevard de la Woluwe, 56 B-1200 Brussels Belgium Tel. +32-(0)2 775 98 00 Fax +32-(0)2 775 98 01 9 789059 480247 E-mail [email protected] http://www.encharter.org Energy Charter Secretariat ISBN 90-5948-024-4 D/2003/7850/13 09486/00_Danemark EN 2/03/04 8:03 Page 1 IN-DEPTH REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES OF DENMARK E NERGY C HARTER P ROTOCOL ON E NERGY E FFICIENCY AND R ELATED E NVIRONMENT A SPECTS (PEEREA) 09486/00_Danemark EN 2/03/04 8:03 Page 2 INTRODUCTION The Energy Charter Treaty was signed in December 1994 and entered into legal force in April 1998. To date the Treaty has been signed or acceded to by fifty-one states 1. The Treaty was developed on the basis of the European Energy Charter of 1991. Whereas the latter document was drawn up as a declaration of political intent to promote East-West energy co-operation, the Energy Charter Treaty is a legally- binding multilateral instrument covering investment protection, liberalisation of trade, freedom of transit, dispute settlement and environmental aspects in the energy sector. The Energy Charter Conference, the governing and decision-making body for the Energy Charter Treaty, meets on a regular basis - normally twice a year - to discuss policy issues affecting East-West energy co-operation, review implementation of the provisions of the Treaty, and consider possible new instruments and projects on energy issues. -
Case Study: Passivsystems Working with Dong Energy in Denmark
CONFIDENTIAL Case Study: PassivSystems working with Dong Energy in Denmark Introduction to the Danish Energy Market Following the oil crisis in the 1970s, Denmark set out to become energy self-sufficient. Consequently, as concerns over carbon emissions grew in the 1980s, Denmark found itself with relatively high carbon dioxide emissions per capita, primarily due to the coal-fired electrical power plants that had become the norm after the energy crisis. Denmark has been self-reliant on energy since 1999, with significant oil and gas production in the North Sea, and is a net exporter of energy. Denmark is the second largest producer of oil in the EU and oil plays an important role in the energy mix. Natural gas and renewable sources have been gradually replacing solid fuels and oil in primary energy supply. However, imported coal is an important fuel in electricity generation. Transport (34%) and households (28%) are the most energy-consuming sectors. Denmark demonstrates the lowest energy intensity among EU Member States, although due to the high presence of fossil fuels in the energy mix, CO2 per capita production and intensity are significantly higher than the EU average More recently Denmark has set itself strong targets for carbon reduction and the elimination of fossil fuels, with 35% of energy to be delivered from renewables by 2020 and 100% by 2050. Renewable energy has experienced a significant growth since the late 1980s with both wind and energy from waste contributing to energy production. Currently 25% of energy generation and over 40% of electricity comes from renewable sources, which by far exceed the EU averages. -
The Middelgrunden Offshore Wind Farm
The Middelgrunden Offshore Wind Farm A Popular Initiative 1 Middelgrunden Offshore Wind Farm Number of turbines............. 20 x 2 MW Installed Power.................... 40 MW Hub height......................... 64 metres Rotor diameter................... 76 metres Total height........................ 102 metres Foundation depth................ 4 to 8 metres Foundation weight (dry)........ 1,800 tonnes Wind speed at 50-m height... 7.2 m/s Expected production............ 100 GWh/y Production 2002................. 100 GWh (wind 97% of normal) Park efficiency.................... 93% Construction year................ 2000 Investment......................... 48 mill. EUR Kastrup Airport The Middelgrunden Wind Farm is situated a few kilometres away from the centre of Copenhagen. The offshore turbines are connected by cable to the transformer at the Amager power plant 3.5 km away. Kongedybet Hollænderdybet Middelgrunden Saltholm Flak 2 From Idea to Reality The idea of the Middelgrunden wind project was born in a group of visionary people in Copenhagen already in 1993. However it took seven years and a lot of work before the first cooperatively owned offshore wind farm became a reality. Today the 40 MW wind farm with twenty modern 2 MW wind turbines developed by the Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative and Copenhagen Energy Wind is producing electricity for more than 40,000 households in Copenhagen. In 1996 the local association Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office took the initiative of forming a working group for placing turbines on the Middelgrunden shoal and a proposal with 27 turbines was presented to the public. At that time the Danish Energy Authority had mapped the Middelgrunden shoal as a potential site for wind development, but it was not given high priority by the civil servants and the power utility. -
Energy in Denmark - a Green Transition
Energy in Denmark - a green transition Danish Energy Agency October 17, 2016 Page 1 Denmark – 40 years ago Danish Energy Agency October 17, 2016 Page 2 Gross Energy Consumption 1975-2015 From oil to a mix of fuels Climate adjusted PJ Danish Energy Agency October 17, 2016 Page 3 From Centralized to Decentralized Centralized production in the mid 80’s Decentralized production of today Legend: • Decentralized CHP • Centralized CHP • Wind mill park Key Elements of Danish Energy Policy over time Cost-effective subsidy schemes Dialogue with and consumption- sector driven taxes on stakeholders fossil fuels A stable framework with flexibility Long term energy strategies and agreements Danish Energy Agency October 17, 2016 Page 5 A look towards 2050: Independence of fossil fuels Use of Energy Means: •Increased use of renewable energy •Strong improvement of energy efficiency in all sectors • Electrification of energy consumption 6 The current Energy Agreement - 2020 targets and means Biomass for heating Grid and Renewable energy distribution in production companies obliged processes to reduce consumption OBJECTIVES: Offshore wind Increased share of power 1400 MW renewable energy Additional minor Total wind power Reduced energy initiatives 6.500 MW consumption and GHG emissions Danish Energy Agency October 17, 2016 Page 7 Denmark’s Power Mix (2015) Solar PV Other 2% 3% Biomass 10% Fossil Electricity production based on type of input 44% Total share of RES: 56 % Wind 41% Danish Energy Agency October 17, 2016 Page 8 Denmark’s Future Power Mix (2020) -
System Plan 2018 – Electricity and Gas in Denmark 2 System Plan 2018
SYSTEM PLAN 2018 – ELECTRICITY AND GAS IN DENMARK 2 SYSTEM PLAN 2018 CONTENTS 1. A holistic approach to electricity and gas planning ......................................3 1.1 Energinet’s objectives and the political framework .............................................. 3 1.2 New organisation ............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Analysis and planning .................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research and development .......................................................................................... 8 1.5 Environmental reporting ..............................................................................................10 1.6 Energy efficiency ............................................................................................................11 2. Electricity .........................................................................................................16 2.1 Security of electricity supply ......................................................................................17 2.2 Resources to safeguard balance and technical quality ......................................22 2.3 Cooperation with other countries ..............................................................................24 2.4 Cooperation with other grid operators ....................................................................29 2.5 Planning for conversion and expansion of electrical installations -
EWEA Offshore Report 2009
Oceans of Opportunity Harnessing Europe’s largest domestic energy resource A report by the European Wind Energy Association Oceans of opportunity Europe’s offshore wind potential is enormous and able to power Europe seven times over. Huge developer interest Over 100 GW of offshore wind projects are already in various stages of planning. If realised, these projects would produce 10% of the EU’s electricity whilst avoiding 200 million tonnes of CO2 emissions each year. Repeating the onshore success EWEA has a target of 40 GW of offshore wind in the EU by 2020, implying an average annual market growth of 28% over the coming 12 years. The EU market for onshore wind grew by an average 32% per year in the 12-year period from 1992-2004 – what the wind energy industry Oceans of Opportunity has achieved on land can be repeated at sea. Building the offshore grid EWEA’s proposed offshore grid builds on the 11 offshore grids currently operating and 21 offshore grids currently being considered by the grid operators in the Baltic and North Seas to give Europe a truly pan-European electricity super highway. Realising the potential Strong political support and action from Europe’s policy-makers will allow a new, multi-billion euro industry to be built. EWEA Results that speak for themselves This new industry will deliver thousands of green collar jobs and a new About EWEA renewable energy economy and establish Europe as world leader in EWEA is the voice of the wind industry, actively promoting the utilisation of offshore wind power technology. -
A Comparative Analysis of the Wind Turbine Industry in Denmark And
DRUID Working Paper No. 07-18 Learning to Grow: A Comparative Analysis of the Wind Energy sector in Denmark and India By Kari Kristinsson and Rekha Rao www.druid.dk Learning to Grow: A Comparative Analysis of the Wind Energy Sector in Denmark and India Kari Kristinsson DRUID, Department of Business Studies Aalborg University Denmark E-mail: [email protected] Rekha Rao Laboratory of Economics and Management Scuola Superiore S. Anna Italy Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper uses sectoral systems of innovation framework to examine the relationship between technology policy and industrial development by comparing the emergence of the wind energy sector in Denmark and India. Since the late 1970s Denmark has led the development of a global wind energy industry and in 2004 wind energy supplied 18,8% percent of Denmark’s electricity consumption. India was however a late entrant that managed in a few years to establish itself as the fifth largest producer of wind energy in the world. We suggest that India’s unique policy of ‘interactive learning’ with international and especially Danish actors, instead of imitation of foreign technology policies and institutions, was a substantial contributor to India’s success in developing their wind energy industry. Key words: Wind energy industry; Denmark; India; sectoral systems of innovation Jel codes: O38; Q48 ISBN 978- 87-7873-247-7 www.druid.dk 1 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction We begin this paper by looking at the evolution of the renewable energy sector globally and namely development of wind energy sector. In the later part of this section, we will discuss the wind energy sector in our case countries, i.e., Denmark and India. -
The Danish Energy Model Innovative, Efficient and Sustainable the Danish Energy Agency
The Danish Energy Model Innovative, efficient and sustainable The Danish Energy Agency Preface hydro renewables in any electricity system worldwide: 66% in 2015. In 2015, The Danish Energy Model has shown more than 40% of the Danish electric- that through persistent, active and cost ity consumption was based on wind effective energy policy with ambitious power; by 2020 this figure will likely be renewable energy goals, enhanced more than 50%. energy efficiency and support for technical innovation and industrial The Danish government has set a num- development, it is possible to sustain ber of targets for the further significant economic growth, a high development of the energy sector: standard of living and a high level Continuing low-carbon energy sector of security of energy supply, while transition in a cost effective manner reducing fossil fuel dependency and Maintaining Denmark’s leading position mitigating climate change. in a number of low-carbon technologies In a nutshell: energy savings, and systems optimized manufacturing and invest- And ultimately, making Denmark ments in green energy technology are self-reliance good value for money. on renewable Denmark has reduced the adjusted energy in 2050 greenhouse gas emissions by more The Danish than 30% since 1990. With current Energy Model measures in place, the Danish Energy documents that Agency estimates that emissions will the transition be approximately 40% lower by 2020 – to 21st cen- surpassing Denmark’s legally binding tury energy is EU commitment of 34%. Denmark has Morten Bæk doable – and the highest contribution of non- Director General affordable. Danish Energy Agency 2 | benefitted the competitiveness of Danish Table of contents enterprises through lower energy costs and less exposure to highly volatile fossil fuel Low-carbon economic growth and job creation 3 prices, but also fostered new products and Setting the course 5 industries. -
4 Wind Energy in Denmark
4 Wind energy in Denmark 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Poul la Cour and F.L. Smidth Denmark’s experience with wind turbines that produce electricity started before 1973. The Danish physics professor and wind pioneer Poul la Cour began experimenting with wind generated electricity in 1891 (Gipe, 1995). La Cour was a very versatile scientist, who combined knowledge obtained from machine construction, electrical engineering and aerodynamics with craft pragmatism (Heymann, 1995). Around 1903, he developed the 'Klapsejler', a simple, robust and reliable windmill that produced direct current electricity (Heymann, 1998). This windmill helped introduce electricity into Denmark’s countryside and helped Denmark overcome severe fossil fuel shortages during the Second World War. La Cour saw electricity as a progressive force in the restructuring of society. He was engaged in several activities for public enlightenment (Jørgensen and Karnøe, 1995). In order to solve the problem of the intermittent nature of the wind, he combined wind turbines with storage of electrical energy by way of batteries and by separating water. With financial support from the Danish government, he improved the aerodynamic design of the blades and designed a wind turbine with two, three or four narrow blades. During the Second World War, another type of windmill was built: F.L. Smidth’s more modern Aeromotor. Smidth used the experience he had gained by working with concrete while building concrete wind turbine towers. He used knowledge from the rapidly advancing field of aerodynamics to develop modern airfoils for the turbine blades. The laminated wooden blades of the turbine were coned towards the tower (Gipe, 1995). -
[email protected] Norned – World's Longest Power Cable J.E
21, rue d’Artois, F-75008 PARIS B1_106_2010 CIGRE 2010 http : //www.cigre.org NorNed – World’s longest power cable J.E. SKOG H. van ASTEN T. WORZYK T. ANDERSRØD Statnett TenneT ABB Nexans Norway The Netherlands Sweden Norway SUMMARY The NorNed cable was commissioned on 6 May 2008 after three years of intensive engineering and construction. It was important for this efficient implementation that a core project team had been maintained over a relatively long period, preparing all licences, all major supply contracts, etc. The paper will describe the way of detailed engineering, manufacturing and installing altogether 1160 km of high voltage cable, some of it in form of a two core cable and a major part as ordinary single- core cable. The strict magnetic compass deviation requirements as well as environmental concerns related to the magnetic field set up by a single cable led to the special two-core mass-impregnated cable used in the NorNed project. In the northerly deeper part of the cable route ordinary single-core cable was applied. The North Sea is a rough working place and the work scope offshore was far beyond all other known submarine power cable projects. How NorNed managed the resulting challenges is being described. The extensive offshore jointing activities have resulted in experiences which are important for future projects of a similar kind. After having been laid, the cables were protected by water jet trenching over close to 97% of the cable route. The rest, including the crossings, has been given protection by rock dumping. Following successful after installation test NorNed experienced two offshore cable failures and had to mobilise extra vessel spreads in order to get the situation restored. -
2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea October 30(Tue) - November 2(Fri) 2018, Gwangju, Korea
http://hvdc2018.org 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea October 30(Tue) - November 2(Fri) 2018, Gwangju, Korea Supported by Sponsored by 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Time table Date Plan Time Topic Speaker Co-chair/Moderator Oct.30 Welcome Party 18:00 - 20:00 Event with BIXPO 2018 Opening Ceremony 13:30 - 13:40 Chairman KOO, Ja-Yoon Opening Welcome Address Chair: Ceremony 13:40 - 13:50 Congratulation Address CESS President Dr. KIM, Byung-Geol 13:50 - 14:00 Congratulation Address KEPCO President Plenary session 1: Arman Hassanpoor 14:00 - 14:40 On Development of VSCs for HVDC Applications (ABB) Plenary session 2: Oct.31 14:40 - 15:20 Shawn SJ.Chen Introductionof China HVDC Development (NR Electric Co., Ltd) Co-chair: Plenary 15:20 - 15:30 Coffee Break Arman Hassanpoor Session Plenary session 3: Prof. KIM, Seong-Min 15:30 - 16:10 Introduction of KEPCO’s HVDC East-West Power KIM, Jong-Hwa Grid Project (KEPCO) Plenary session 4: Prof. Jose ANTONIO JARDINI 16:10-16:50 The Brazilian Interconnected Transmission System (ERUSP University) Oral Session 1: Testing experiences on extruded cable systems Giacomo Tronconi 09:10-09:40 up to 525kVdc in the first third party worldwide (CESI) laboratory Oral Session 2: An optimal Converter Transformer and Valves Yogesh Gupta (GE T&D INDIA Ltd) 09:40 - 10:10 arrangement & Challenges in Open Circuit Test for B Srikanta Achary (GE T&D INDIA Ltd) Parallel Bipole LCC HVDC System with its Mitigation 10:10 - 10:20 Coffee Break Co-chair: Conference Oral Session 3: Mats Andersson 10:20 - 10:50 Overvoltages experienced by extruded cables in Mansoor Asif Prof.