http://hvdc2018.org
2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea October 30(Tue) - November 2(Fri) 2018, Gwangju, Korea
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Time table
Date Plan Time Topic Speaker Co-chair/Moderator Oct.30 Welcome Party 18:00 - 20:00 Event with BIXPO 2018 Opening Ceremony 13:30 - 13:40 Chairman KOO, Ja-Yoon Opening Welcome Address Chair: Ceremony 13:40 - 13:50 Congratulation Address CESS President Dr. KIM, Byung-Geol 13:50 - 14:00 Congratulation Address KEPCO President Plenary session 1: Arman Hassanpoor 14:00 - 14:40 On Development of VSCs for HVDC Applications (ABB) Plenary session 2: Oct.31 14:40 - 15:20 Shawn SJ.Chen Introductionof China HVDC Development (NR Electric Co., Ltd) Co-chair: Plenary 15:20 - 15:30 Coffee Break Arman Hassanpoor Session Plenary session 3: Prof. KIM, Seong-Min 15:30 - 16:10 Introduction of KEPCO’s HVDC East-West Power KIM, Jong-Hwa Grid Project (KEPCO) Plenary session 4: Prof. Jose ANTONIO JARDINI 16:10-16:50 The Brazilian Interconnected Transmission System (ERUSP University) Oral Session 1: Testing experiences on extruded cable systems Giacomo Tronconi 09:10-09:40 up to 525kVdc in the first third party worldwide (CESI) laboratory Oral Session 2: An optimal Converter Transformer and Valves Yogesh Gupta (GE T&D INDIA Ltd) 09:40 - 10:10 arrangement & Challenges in Open Circuit Test for B Srikanta Achary (GE T&D INDIA Ltd) Parallel Bipole LCC HVDC System with its Mitigation 10:10 - 10:20 Coffee Break Co-chair: Conference Oral Session 3: Mats Andersson 10:20 - 10:50 Overvoltages experienced by extruded cables in Mansoor Asif Prof. KIM, Seong-Min LCC and VSC HVDC systems (Hanyang University) Oral Session 4: 10:50 - 11:20 Research on the Control Factors of Polarity He Yan (Northwest Electric Power Distance for ±1100kV Transmission Line Design Institute Co., Ltd) Oral Session 5: 11:20-11:50 Dynamic and steady state performance of a Mats Andersson 2-terminal Hybrid HVDC transmission (ABB) Nov.01 11:50 - 14:00 Lunch Chairman CHANG, Jae-Won 14:00 - 14:10 Opennig Ceremony (KNC of CIGRE) Super-Grid Forum session 1: 14:10 - 14:40 Strategy for Northeast Asia Power System Philippe LIENHART Interconnection EDF Technical Assistance to Mongolia (EDF) Super-Grid Forum session 2: Prof. GILSOO JANG 14:40-15:00 Northeast Asia Super Grid Current Status & Future (Korea University) Prospects Co-chair: Super Grid Super-Grid Forum session 3: Romain Zissler Philippe LIENHART Forum 15:00 - 15:20 Second Report Summary of Asia International Grid Dr. LEE, Dong-Il Connection Study Group (Renewable Energy Institute) Super-Grid Forum session 4: KIM, Seong-Weon 15:20 - 15:40 HVDC cable Present & Future & NEA Super Grid (KEPCO) Super-Grid Forum session 5: João BGF da Silva 15:40 - 16:10 Update on Latin America Super Grids (Paranaíba Transmissora de Energia) 16:10 - 16:20 Rearrange Time 16:20 - 16:50 QnA 7:00 Move to the DMZ 12:00 - 13:00 Lunch 13:00 - 15:30 DMZ Tour Move to the Gyungin Construction Headquarters of Nov.02 Technical Tour 15:30 - 17:00 KEPCO Visit the Gyungin Construction Headquarters of 17:00 - 20:00 KEPCO/ Farewell Party 20:00 - 21:00 Move to the hotel Nov.03 10:00 Incheon Airport limousine bus guide Plenary Session 1
On Development of VSCs for HVDC Applications
Arman Hassanpoor (ABB) 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea
— 2018 International HVDC Conference, November 2018, Gwangju, Korea HVDC Projects Overview
Dr. Arman Hassanpoor, HVDC R&D Manager – Grid Integration - ABB (China) Ltd.
1 HVDC Advantages 2 HVDC Applications 3 HVDC Projects European HVDC Grid Research 4 Projects 5 Market Trend 6 Conclusion
7 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea
— High-voltage direct current (HVDC) — HVDC Alternating current (AC) Installed base The unique advantages Over 120 projects and over 60 years experience America Europe CU Upgrade 2019 Outaouais 2009 Chateauguay 1984 North-sea Link 2021 Nordbalt 2015 Swepol 2000 More power Long distances Higher efficiency Maritime Link 2017 Sharyland 2007 Cu-project 1979 Nordlink 2021 Litpol Link 2015 Gotland Light 1999 HVDC can provide more power per square meter than Distance presents minimal challenge to HVDC Overhead, underground or underwater; more Quebec – New England Upgrade Rapic City 2003 Nelson River 2 1978 IFA2 2020 Skagerrak 4 2014 Hällsjön 1997 Madawaska Upgrade 2016 Cross Sound 2002 Square Butte 1977 Kriegers Flak Cgs 2019 East West Kontek 1995 the alternatives transmission power reaches the consumer Celilo Upgrade 2016 Eagle Pass 2000 Eel River 1972 Johan Svedrup 2019 Interconnector 2013 Baltic Cable 1994 Railroad DC Tile 2016 Quebec – New England 1990 Pacific Intertie 1970 Gotland Upgrade 2018 Sapei 2011 Fennoskan 1 & 2 1989 Oklaunion 2014 Pacific Intertie Expansion 1989 Vancouver Island Pole 1 1968 Caithness – Moray 2018 Valhall 2011 Dürnohr 1983 Mackinac 2014 Intermountain 1986 Kontek Upgrade 2016 Norned 2008 Skagerrak 1-3 1976 IPP Upgrade 2014 Pacific Intertie Upgrade 1985 Troll 1 & 2, 3 & 4 2015 Estlink 2006 Gotland 1-3 1970 Blackwater 2010 Madawaska 1985 Borwin 1 2015 Italy – Greece 2001 Konti-skan 1965 2009 Highgate 1985 Dolwin 1, 2 2015 Tjæreborg 2000 English Channel 1955 Åland 2015 Asia Changji-Guquan 2019 Raigarh-Pugalur 2019 North East Agra 2016 Power Jinping - Sunan 2013 South America Mülünbeir – Liaoning 2010 Rio Madeira Back-to-back 2013 Lingboa li Extension 2010 Rio Madeira 2013 Xiangjiba – Shanghai 2010 Brazil – Argentina Three Gorges – Shanghai 2006 Interconnection I & II 1999 Vizag Li 2005 Itaipu 1984 Three Gorges – Guangdong 2004 Three Gorges – Changzhou 2002 Distance Efficiency Chapad 1999 Rihand-Delhi 1990 Gezhouba – Shanghai 1989 Vindyachai 1989 Sakuma 1965 Africa Inga – Kolwezi Upgrade 2016 Cahora Bassa, Songo 2015 Australia and Oceania Caprivi Link 2010 Broken Hill 2013 Apollo Upgrade 2008 Murraylink 2013 Inga – Kolwezi 1982 Directlink Lower lifetime Lower losses Enhanced grid Controlled power Greater integration Cahora Bassa 1977 Leyte-Luzon 1999 investment system stability flows of renewables NewZealand 1 & 2 1984
— — Our customer’s applications drive our offering VSC HVDC Light HVDC applications ABB supplied 70% of all VSC links in the world
Connecting remote Offshore wind generation Interconnecting grids connections DC links in AC grids
VSC-HVDC projects commissioned
In construction
*VSC: Voltage sourced converter
Connecting remote loads Upgrades / Life cycle Power from shore City center infeed services
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— —
HVDC technology 0 Case study Power trading with North Sea Link – in execution interconnected grids 14
316 SE1 The North Sea Link (NSL) interconnector links the Nordic and British markets, thus International HVDC interconnectors 45,90 providing increased security of power supply and social-economic benefits for both 1124 NO4 regions. 32,97 HVDC systems allow our customers to share and 164 1660 trade electricity. Sending power where it is most 64 profitable and needed most. 1,400 MW ? SE2 FI NO3 45,90 70,05 HVDC enables precise controlled power flow across 525 kV 45,90 402 electricity markets. 50 6212 370 730 km NO5 NO1 45,90 3287 45,90 1219 79 1726 SE3 FI 200 Key facts NO2 2810 45,90 281 70,05 45,90 27 – Once complete, will be the world’s longest subsea 266 899 power interconnection. 3016 LV 48 712 70,05 – Most powerful HVDC Light® system in SE4 DK1 1 813 construction, joint with NordLink. 45,90 45,90 874 604 LT 591 56 12 DK2 70,05 45,90 98
— — Case study European Funded Projects Nordlink – in execution HVDC Grid Studies
Interconnecting grids using HVDC technology helping our customers reach their targets for a renewable energy mix.
1,400 MW 525 kV 623 km Twenties Best Paths PROMOTioN TWENTIES is a grids project that looks into how to The BEST PATHS project will help to overcome the PROMOTioN seeks to develop meshed HVDC offshore operate grid systems with large amounts of wind challenges of integrating renewable energies into grids. Major WPs: Key facts and other renewables. Europe’s energy mix. • HVDC control & protection systems
– Balances intermittent wind power in Germany • Wind turbine converter harmonic model validation with controllable hydropower in Norway. • HVDC gas insulated switchgear – Most powerful HVDC Light® system in • HVDC circuit breakers construction, joint with NordLink. Total budget: €56.8 million Total budget: €62.8 million Total budget: €43 million
Reference: https://windeurope.org Reference: http://www.bestpaths-project.eu Reference: https://www.promotion-offshore.net
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— — From an idea to global industrialization HVDC becoming mainstream in all corners of the world HVDC is a new norm Interconnecting Grids
Cumulated GW installed
300 Heavyweight market
250
200 ~3x Growth rate 150 vs. world GDP 100 ~200 GW 50 Operating world Installed base
0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 70% 1928 1954 1960s 1997 2017 World installed base Dr Uno Lamm began The world’s first Mercury arc valves replaced The world’s first VSC HVDC VSC HVDC highest performance equipped with ABB developing HVDC in Ludvika, commercial HVDC link at with thyristor semiconductor installation ever – 3,000 MW, 640 kV, 2,000 Sweden Gotland, Sweden valves km Up to 12GW «The best way to predict the future is to create it» Abraham Lincoln Capacity range of one HVDC installation
(1) Average over 5 years, subject to substantial fluctuation year on year (2) Average over 10 years
— — The energy revolution transforming the grid Conclusion Tomorrow is another day HVDC enables a stronger, smarter and greener grid Yesterday Today Tomorrow HVDC systems are a core element of Grid theAB Benergy Grid Iindustryntegratio transformation.n solutions This image cannot currently be displayed. Interconnection help to balance the demand Power grids are changing due to: Itc rallowseated safeby n eandw e versatilelectricity grid systemsconsum byer sinterconnecting entering ports grids,with • Penetration of renewables integratingtraditional renewablesand renewa andble power (mainly wind and solar) in poweringgeneratio everyone.n by enabling a generation side stronger, smarter and greener 2000 2020 2030+ • Emerging of electrical vehicles in Atpo ABB,rt gr isinced. 1928, we pioneer demand side HVDC technology, deliver systems • Global trend to reduce the CO2 Patrick Fragman everywhereManaging Director, as promised, and • Centralized fossil-fuel model • Renewables and EV boom • Internet of Energy (IoE) emissions supportABB, Power Grid, our Grid Integrationcustomers over lifetime. • De-bundling and liberalization • Utility new business models • Fully flexible power exchange and HVDC is one the key enablers • Global warming • Digitalization trend • AI autonomous processes for future grids. • Special purpose HVDC links • Interconnecting regional grids • Supergrids and microgrids
Dr. André Burdet Today <20% of final use in on electricity … what about tomorrow? Vice-President Product Management and Marketing, Power Grids – Grid Integration
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— 2018 International HVDC Conference, November 2018, Gwangju, Korea On Development of VSCs for HVDC Applications
Dr. Arman Hassanpoor, HVDC R&D Manager – Grid Integration - ABB (China) Ltd.
— Authors Contact information [email protected]
Arman Hassanpoor Jürgen Häfner Evgeny Tsyplakov Peter Lundberg Magnus Callavik HVDC R&D Manager HVDC Portfolio Manager Global Product Specialist Global product Manager General Manager
HVDC Business Unit HVDC Business Unit Semiconductor Business Unit HVDC Business Unit ABB Sifang Power System Beijing, China Ludvika, Sweden Lenzburg, Switzerland Västerås, Sweden Beijing, China
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Introduction — Technology Development 1 Enablers HVDC System Development 2 System and Component Developments Control System Developments Mechanical Design Developments
Semiconductor Development Climate system DC yard Valve hall
Diesel generator
MVS building Converter reactors
3 Service building
Coolers Control System Development Transformers 4 Optional harmonic filters – Enhanced MMC Topology – Improved performance and reliability by – Optimized foot print Mechanical Design – Components MACH™ 3 • Standing structure Development – Type tests • Optimized architecture for MMC • Hanging structure 5 • Full redundancy – Seismic capability • Maintenance under operation Conclusion • Distributed I/O 6 • Optical fiber connections Slide 5
— Introduction HVDC history A proven track record of innovation 1 2 HVDC System Development 1928 1960s 2000s 2013 2017 Semiconductor Development Dr Uno Lamm began developing Mercury arc valves Two-level, three-level, Hybrid HVDC Breaker, solving a VSC HVDC highest performance HVDC in Ludvika, Sweden replaced with thyristor cascaded two-level 100-year old technology puzzle ever – 3,000 MW, 640 kV, 2,000 3 semiconductor valves enabling the DC-grids of the future. km 4 Control System Development 1954 1997 2010 2014 The Future Mechanical Design Development The world’s first commercial The world’s first VSC HVDC The world’s first 800 kV Complete 1,100 kV UHVDC DC support in AC grids HVDC link at Gotland, installation UHVDC link at Xiangjiaba- system developed. DC grids Sweden 5 Shanghai, China Higher ratings enhanced components and design 6 Conclusion Slide 4
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— Introduction HVDC System Development Enhancements 1
3 HVDC System Development Two-level Cascaded two-level Modular multi-level 1
T1 T1 2 +UC
UC T2 0 Semiconductor Development T2 3 Half-Bridge Cell 2 4 Converter Topology Cell Topology Performance Control System Development • Two-level converter • Half-Bridge Cell 1. Power loss • series connected IGBTs • Two BIGTs • Total converter loss below 0.8% 4 • SCFM • Bypass switch • Comparable with HVDC Classic • Cascaded two-level converter • Two output voltage status 2. Power/Voltage rating over time Mechanical Design • 8 IGBTs/Switch • Cell electronics 3. Power range Development • SCFM • >3.5GW/640kV 5 • Modular multi-level 4. PQ characteristics • Project customized design • 1 BIGT/Switch Conclusion • SCFM+ fast mechanical bypass • STATCOM operation mode capability 6 Slide 7
— — Product Qualification 5.2kV/3kA BiGT: Integration of Diode into IGBT Type tests Si-based device for HV applications in the power range beyond 10MW.
— — — Features BIGT Chip Design IGBT Vs. BIGT • Almost 2x surge current • Higher power rating advanced reverse conducting IGBT • MOS control needed for full potential - The device consists of a reverse conducting IGBT IGBT: • Competitive low losses without MOS-control part with P+ and N+ areas to allow both IGBT and • Decreased thermal resistance The traditional method diode conduction requires semiconductor Valve di-electric type tests Valve operational type tests Valve special tests Production Tests: material for both the • Static hot tests: • Dielectric test on valve support structure • Maximum continuous operating duty test • Tests for valve insensitivity to electromagnetic IGBT and freewheeling • leakage current, gate leakage, on-state, diode. • Withstand direct voltage test • Minimum direct voltage test interference threshold • Withstand alternating voltage test • Semiconductor overcurrent turn-off test • EMC tests and ambient temperature tests for cell • Dynamic hot tests: • Turn -on, turn-off IGBT and diode part, BIGT: • Switching impulse test • Tests for valve insensitivity to electromagnetic electronics nominal and SOA; shot circuit • Lightning impulse test interference • Anti-explosion test • HTRB: (High temperature reverse bias) The BIGT eliminates the • Steep front impulse test • Short circuit current test • Valve support withstand test • Endurance at full voltage at Tjmax, for need for the diode halving • Dielectric test between valve terminals • Valve down-scaled reliability test minutes the semicondutor material • Static cold tests: • Ac-dc voltage test • Semiconductor component test required, decreasing • leakage current, blocking voltage, gate losses. leakage, on-state, threshold
Slide 8 Slide 10
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— Introduction BIGT Electrical Performance Static, Dynamic, SOA, Surge current 1 HVDC System Development IF= 2 kA, VDC= 2800 V, Tj=125 °C, Ls = 150nH IC= 2 kA, VDC= 2800 V, Tj=125 °C, Ls= 150nH 3'500 4'000 2'500 3'000 2'000 3'000 3'500 1'500 IF 2'500 V 2'500 VCE 3'000 1'000 diode 2
[V] 500 2'000 2'000 2'500 GE 0
1'500 ICE 2'000 [V] -500 1'500 CE Mode Voltage [V] Voltage Mode V Mode Current [A] Current Mode -1'000 - 1'000 1'500 - [A], [A], 10*V -1'500 1'000 Semiconductor Development C I Diode 500 1'000 Diode -2'000 VGE -2'500 500 0 500 -3'000 -500 0 -3'500 0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 3 time [µs] time [µs] On-state characteristics IGBT-mode turn off Diode-mode reverse recovery IGBT-mode turn-off SOA Control System Development • The pilot diode concept enabled • Soft switching behavior • Soft switching behavior • For 4-sub module device: low diode on-state voltage drop • For nominal operation (Vdc=2.8kV, • For nominal operation • 4.8kA@4kV interruption 4 below 1V at positive gate bias. Ic=2kA,Tj=125°C) (Vdc=2.8kV, Ic=2kA,Tj=125°C, capability • Full reverse recovery ruggedness • Typical turn-on loss <11J Rgon=1.8Ω) • For 6-sub module device: Mechanical Design for diode-mode • Typical turn-off loss <11J • Typical diode recovery • [email protected] interruption capability Development • Cell low input capacitance loss <9J 5
Conclusion Diode-mode surge current capability: 32kA for 10ms @Tj=125°C 6 Slide 11
— — StakPakTM –BIGT module technology MACH™- Closed loop control Presspack design ensures uniform pressure and high explosion containment Closed-loop control
• Flexible hardware solution • Adaptive control code • Modular base design VCU Valve • EtherCAT , IEC 61158 DC Switch-yard Valve electronics • CAN/CAN-Open, ISO 11898 Semiconductor wafer Chip soldered on Moly Submodule cross-section Valve Hall • eTDM ABB SPT+ chip technology Chip soldered to Baseplate Spring pressure contact
Conditional Monitoring Remote Service Control Building ABB Ability
Transformers SCM C&P I/O StakPak module BIGT frame StakPak sub-module Cooling Station Control and AC Yard Modular design Robust frame housing Short-circuit failure capability Monitoring
Slide 12 Slide 14
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— Introduction MACH™ Control & Protection Building blocks 1 2 HVDC System Development 3 Semiconductor Development
PS700, Main Computer PS935, DSP Board PS775 , COL (change over logic) Control System Development Features: Features: • 64-bit multicore general purpose processors • 8 Core DSP, 4 • Intel I7 CPU • Cycle time 10 - 100 us • Cycle time from 1 ms (COL 250us) • 160 Gflops (floating point operations per second) Mechanical Design Applications: Applications: Development • Power control • Converter firing control 5 • Tap-changer control • Differential protections • Transformer protection, • Line protections (Derivative) • Converter protections Conclusion • Pole protection, … 6 Slide 15
— — Data flow for control Plant Design Detailed level Requirements and features
IO C&P VCU Valve Valve electronics
Seismic & audible noise Cost effective & Compact Maintenance & Installation TFR TFR TFR FC TFR A • Flexible modular valve structure • Reduced need for ac filters • Maintenance-friendly structure • No inter-harmonics generation • Movable shields ADC CPU DSP • Earthquake movement tolerance FPGA DSP 1kHz FPGA 1kHz DSP 500kSpS Intel I7 8 x 1GHz 8 x 1GHz • layout and orientation • No reactor hall • Automatic grounding system • Modular layer design
< us us FPGA 2 us 1 ms DSP: 10-100us DSP: 10 us Slide 16 Slide 18 22 23 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea — Introduction Mechanical Arrangement Building blocks 1 HVDC System Development T1 UC 2 T2 Semiconductor Development Electrical schematic Cell design Layer design Tower design 3 Unique bypass mechanism Transportation, Installation and maintenance Standing tower 4 Control System Development Mechanical Design 5 Development Valve group Valve group Tower design Conclusion Standning tower group Hangning tower group Hanging tower 6 Slide 19 — — Plant Design Conclusion Audible noise Audible noise requirements: Conclusions Symmetrical monopole M9 • Utilization of voltage source converters (VSC) in HVDC applications is growing fast in recent years. Maximum continuous sound pressure level Most prominent sound sources on a HVDC generated by the converter station equipment converter station: • The trend towards HVDC Grid is demanding VSCs with higher power, more controllability and more compact shall not exceed 56 dB(A) at any point 400 feet − Converter transformers design. outside the station perimeter fence − Phase reactors Typical noise requirements: − Cooling towers • Advanced developed components, systems and platforms are enablers of future HVDC Grids. Receptor class Acceptance level In order to meet more stringent demands Industrial 70 dB(A) regarding audible noise there are a number of • Reliable, compact, cost-effective and low-loss solutions are key design factors for HVDC Light®. Commercial 65 dB(A) noise limitation measures we can take for Residential day (7am-10pm) 61 dB(A) example: Residential night (10pm-7am) 50 dB(A) • Foreseen that VSC-HVDC dominates new project development up to 5 GW with more than 30 systems in – Use the station buildings as screens operation. HVDC Grids start to emerge. – Use audible noise damping measures for the equipment • Modularity and digitalization are the future trends. – Exchange the most noisy equipment to more silent apparatus Slide 20 Slide 22 24 25 Plenary Session 2 Introduction of China HVDC Development Shawn SJ.Chen (NR Electric Co., Ltd) 26 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Groundbreaking Technology by Innovative VSC-HVDC Applications Shawn Chen 28pt Contents 1 HVDC Applications 2 HVDC Demand and Development 3 HVDC Solutions 4 HVDC Prospects www.nrec.com 2 29 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt Application of HVDC 28pt Application of HVDC Three applied HVDC: LCC, VSC, MVDC VSC-MVDC application LCC-HVDC application - DC power sources and DC loads Interconnection - Long distance bulk power transmission - Power flow balance; Renewable power penetration - Asynchronous grid Interconnection - Reactive power support; AC faults isolation www.nrec.com 3 www.nrec.com 5 28pt Application of HVDC 28pt Contents VSC-HVDC application City center in- feed - Power supply to passive grid 1 HVDC Applications - City center in-feed Power supply to passive grid 2 HVDC Demand and Development - Bulk power evacuation Off shore wind 3 HVDC Solutions - Asynchronous grid Interconnection farms 4 HVDC Prospects - Off shore wind farm connection connection Bulk renewables - Power from shore access to grid www.nrec.com 4 www.nrec.com 6 30 31 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt Power Grid in China 28pt Drives Electricity demand and generation Technical advantages - Installed generation capacity is 1777GW by 2017 - High transmission efficiency over long distance - Asynchronous grid interconnection - Maximum load is 6308 billion kwh by 2017 - Bidirectional power flow control - 671GW renewable power is already deployed - Firewall to AC faults 1500 80.0% 68.7% 1106 - Grid stability enhancement 60.0% 1000 40.0% 500 341 Economic advantages 164 20.0% 10.5% 130 36 4.3% 2.7% 6.5% 0 0.0% - Low investment over break-even point ± Coal-fired Hydro Wind Solar Nuclear Coal-fired Hydro Wind Solar Nuclear 800kV Linyi station Installation capacity(GW) Increase rate - Small rights-of-way www.nrec.com 7 www.nrec.com 9 28pt HVDC Links 28pt Drives HVDC becomes backbone of grid Particular drives of VSC-HVDC - LCC-HVDC: 35 links - Independence to strength of AC grid thanks to self-commutation semiconductor - Around 50% footprint of LCC station 50kV-1100kV, 50MW-12GW - Immunity to commutation failure - VSC-HVDC: 8 links, 30kV-800kV, - Independent reactive power control 18MW-5000MW - Multi-terminal/DC grid friendly - Faults ride through capability - VSC-MVDC: 4 links, 8kV-10kV, - Black start 20MW-32MW Multi-terminal VSC for supplying power to islands www.nrec.com 8 www.nrec.com 10 32 33 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt LCC-HVDC Development 28pt Breakthroughs of ±800kV LCC-HVDC 14000 UHVDC Barriers 12000 12000 - Electromagnetics and noise control 10000 - Coordinate control and switch on/off of double 12-pulse valves UHVDC 8000 6400 - Semiconductor 6000 Bipolar 4000 Measures 4000 Bipolar BTB Monopole - Proper arrangement of OHL and stations 2000 1200 1100 500 800 660 100 50 120360 0 - Optimized main circuit design and sequence control 1987 1990 2005 2010 2011 2018 Voltage(kV) Capacity(MW) - Development and application of 6’’ thyristor Double valves in single pole www.nrec.com 11 www.nrec.com 13 28pt Breakthroughs of ±800kV LCC-HVDC 28pt VSC-HVDC Development 6000 Hybrid HVDC Barriers 5000 5000 - DC grid Overvoltage and insulation coordination 4000 3000 - External insulation characteristics 3000 Bipolar BTB BTB Measures 2000 5-terminal 1250 2-terminal 3-terminal 1000 1000 - Proper selection and arrangement of surge arrestors, 1000 800 400 420 500 200 200 320 350 smoothing reactors according to comprehensive overvoltage 30 18 160 0 simulation 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 Voltage(kV) Capacity(MW) - Long air gap discharge characteristics of OHL, flashover characteristics of insulator Note: capacity is maximum VSC converter in multi-terminal, DC grid or hybrid link www.nrec.com 12 www.nrec.com 14 34 35 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt ±200kV/1000MW 5-Terminal VSC-HVDC 28pt Technical Development Supply power to weak island grids for enhancing power security Barriers Transmissi Service in 2014 Converter - Overvoltage and insulation coordination on Capacity Station （MW） - Coordinate control and protection scheme Dinghai 400 - Development of converters Daishan 300 Measures 400MW converters Qushan 100 - Overvoltage simulation covering whole link under all operation modes and faults Yangshan 100 - DC voltage deviation control and proper protection zones Sijiao 100 - Reliable converters with low failure rate www.nrec.com 15 www.nrec.com 17 28pt Demands of Utility 28pt ±320kV/1000MW Xiamen bipolar VSC Power security enhancement of In service in 2015, city center in-feed regional grid Barriers Effective multi terminal operation - Bipolar coordinate control and protection - Insulation design Wind energy connection Measures Black start - Bipolar power coordinate control; bipolar Hubian station AC voltage/reactive power coordinate control; bipolar protection scheme - Comprehensive overvoltage simulation Sijiao station www.nrec.com 16 www.nrec.com 18 36 37 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt ±500kV/9000MW 4-terminal DC Grid 28pt Technical Development It is now under construction Technical Data Barriers AC Voltage Level 500kV - DC faults clearance and fast recovery of healthy system AC Frequency 50Hz DC Voltage Level ±500kV - Development of 500kV/3000MW converters and 500kV DC breakers 3000MW/Zhangbei station 3000MW/Beijing station Power Rating Measures 1500MW/Fengning station 1500MW/Kangbao station - Fast DC line faults detection and selection; fault clearance by DC breaker OHL Length 227km/126km/219km/66km within 6ms; system fast recovery strategy in case of transient faults Converter Bipolar with half-bridge MMC - Type testing of 3000MW converters and 500kV DC breakers www.nrec.com 19 www.nrec.com 21 28pt Demands of Utility 28pt Technical Development Bulk renewable power evacuation from Barriers weak AC grids - Coordinate control of DC grid - No reactive power demand from AC grid - Islanded grid connection - Immunity to synchronous instability due to Measures unstable renewable power - Master-slave control and DC voltage deviation slope control - Flexible power distribution within DC grid Zhangbei area - Proper U/f control and bipolar power distribution strategy Skeleton for future extended DC grid www.nrec.com 20 www.nrec.com 22 38 39 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt ±800kV/16GW 3-terminal Hybrid DC 28pt Technical Development Yunnan Technical Data Barriers LCC Guangxi AC Voltage Level 500kV VSC - Configuration of hybrid HVDC AC Frequency 50Hz DC Voltage Level ±800kV - Main circuit scheme design Measures Main circuit 8000MW/Yunnan station Power Rating 5000MW/Guangdong station 3000MW/Guangxi station - LCC for rectifier and VSC for 2 inverters for convenient power distribution Yun-Guangxi 932km - Double series-connected VSC converters are applied to match LCC rectifier OHL Length Guangdong Guangxi-Guangdong 557km VSC Converter Bipolar with MMC Source: B4-120, CIGRE 2018 www.nrec.com 23 www.nrec.com 25 28pt Demands of Utility 28pt Technical Development Barriers Bulk hydro power transmission to load centers - Development of 800kV VSC converters Immunity to commutation failure caused - Control and protection philosophy compliance with different characteristics of LCC and VSC by multi in feed of LCC inverter stations - DC faults clearance strategy - 8 LCC inverters are already located within a Measures 200km×200km area in Guangdong - Development and testing of 800kV VSC converters - One more LCC inverter has high risk of suffering Construction started - Coordinate control and protection technology for hybrid UHVDC multi-commutation failures, so hybrid type is - DC faults clearance by hybrid converters with full-bridge and half-bridge modules deployed www.nrec.com 24 www.nrec.com 26 40 41 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt Contents 28pt Performance Verification Site commissioning Initial operation test (multi-terminal and Comprehensive site commissioning control priority switchover) Protection test Redundancy switchover test AC faults ride through Stable state performance test 1 HVDC Applications Dynamic state performance test - At 5:38, 11th July 2015, Dingyun line tripped Operation configuration switchover test 2 HVDC Demand and Development due to single phase fault when typhoon Auxiliary control test Black-start test swept, VSC kept in normal operation Islanding test 3 HVDC Solutions Overload test Island mode Disturbance test 4 HVDC Prospects - At 8:11, 11th July 2015, Shenjiawan SS tripped, Yangshan island become passive network, VSC automatically and seamlessly switch over to island control mode prevent black out www.nrec.com 27 www.nrec.com 29 28pt Control Strategies of Multi-terminal HVDC 28pt Control and Protection of DC Grid Coordinate control Coordinate control - Master-slave with communications; - Master-slave in system level; DC voltage DC voltage deviation control without deviation slope control in station level communications Protection of DC grid AC faults ride through - High demand on selectivity of protection Master-slave control Master-slave control Island mode control - Fast protection, from fault to clearance has Ud Ud Ud Ud Ud to within 6ms, otherwise fault current A A A A A B B Black start B B increases beyond withstanding level P P P P P DC voltage - High performance DC breaker DC voltage deviation slope control deviation control Dinghai Daishan Qushan Yangshan Sijiao www.nrec.com 28 www.nrec.com 30 42 43 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt DC Breakers 28pt Performance Verification Three main technology roadmaps Type test witness by DNV-GL for ±535kV/3000MW VSC- Rapidi Low Breaking Re- Low Roadmap Principle HVDC Valve, fully compliance with IEC62501 ty loss capability closure cost • Resonance: electromagnetic Type test witness by DNV-GL for 535kV DC circuit breaker coupling/self-excited Mechanical √ √ √ o √ oscillation DC breaker type test • High voltage/large capacity 500kV hybrid DC breaker • Semiconductor + Rated mechanical 500KV Hybrid √ √ √ √ o Voltage • High voltage/large Rated 3KA capacity Current • Semiconductor Breaking Solid √ o √ o o 25KA • Low voltage Current Breaking <3ms 3000MW converters type test Time www.nrec.com 31 www.nrec.com 33 28pt 3000MW Converter 28pt ±800kV VSC Converters Converter design and testing Development and testing of 800kV hybrid - Covers electromagnetic, Insulation, full-bridge and half-bridge VSC converters force, seismic and heat radiation - Full-bridge and half-bridge modules - Sub module design and testing development and testing - VBC(valve base control) design and - Compatibility design of VBC(valve base testing 3000MW converters control ) - Valve tower structure design - Compatibility valve tower structure design Multi field - Insulation design and testing design - Insulation design and testing 800kV converter www.nrec.com 32 www.nrec.com 34 44 45 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt Control and Protection of Hybrid HVDC 28pt Key Equipment Control and protection philosophy Compact MV converter - Rated voltage/reduced voltage operation DC transformer - Coordinate control of multi-terminal MV DC breaker - Switch on/off of single station - Hybrid DC breaker - Earth return/metallic return - Damping DC breaker - LCC/VSC AC faults ride through - Resonance DC breaker - System restart of transient DC line faults HMI of simulation C&P system Jiangdong container type MVDC www.nrec.com 35 www.nrec.com 37 28pt MVDC Solutions 28pt Hangzhou Jiangdong MVDC VSC-HVDC not only develops to high voltage/large • Bidirectional power flow control capacity but also scale down to MV level between 20kV and 10kV AC MVDC projects • Improvement of renewable NO PROJECTS TYPE RATING(MW)/DC VOLT(kV) SERVICE penetration 1 Hangzhou Jiangdong MVDC 3-terminal 3*10MW/±10kV 2018 2 Suzhou MVDC 4-terminal 4*8MW/±8kV 2018 • Better power quality by reactive power compensation 3 Beijing Yanqing MVDC 3-terminal 3*10MW/±10kV commissioning 4 Haining MVDC 2-terminal 2*10MW/±10kV commissioning • DC loads connect directly to DC network www.nrec.com 36 www.nrec.com 38 46 47 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 28pt Contents 28pt Prospects Hybrid HVDC - A proper solution to resolve multi in-feed LCC inverters 1 HVDC Applications commutation failure 2 HVDC Demand and Development City center in-feed and passive grid connection 3 HVDC Solutions - Mature technology proven by commercial projects 4 HVDC Prospects MVDC and MVDC grid also make distribution networks more flexible and resilient www.nrec.com 39 www.nrec.com 41 28pt Prospects 28pt DC grid - All technical barriers are broken and expected to have a leap of development in near future Thanks. Bulk power long distance transmission www.nrec.com - VSC can match LCC level technically and cost is decreasing along with technical maturity and cost reduce of semiconductor Version 2017 Copyright 2017 All Copyrights Reserved by NR Electric Co., Ltd. www.nrec.com 40 48 49 Plenary Session 3 Introduction of KEPCO’s HVDC East-West Power Grid Project KIM, Jong-Hwa (KEPCO) 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Introduction of KEPCO’s HVDC East-West Power Grid Project 53 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 54 55 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea 0 Sin-Gapyung Yangyang P/P Sin-Dukheun Uijeongbu Seo-Incheon C/C Yangju Sungdong Migum Chungbu Dong-Seoul Seo-Incheon Youngdeungpo Sin-Yangje Donghae Youngseo Incheon T/P, C/C Sin-Bupyung Sin-Sungnam Sin-Incheon Seo-seoul Gonjiam Sin-Taebaek Youngheung T/P Sin-Sihung Sin-Youngin Sin-Ansan Pyungtaek T/P, C/C HwasungSin-suwon Uljin N/P Dangjin T/P Sin-Ansung Ansan Sin-Jecheon Sin-Youngju Taean T/P Sin-Jincheon Sin-DangjinSin-seosan Chungwon Sunsan Cheongsong P/P Sin-onyang Sin-Youngil Boryeong T/P, C/C Sin-Okcheon Seo-Daegu Chungyang Buk-Daegu Sinkaedong ShinPohang Gunsan 4GW Sin-Kyeongsan Wolseong N/P Ulju Daegu Ulsan TP, C/C Sin-Ulsan Muju P/P Goryeong Sin-Onsan Sin-Gimje Sincheong P/P Sin-Namwon Bukbusan Kori N/P Sin-Yangsan 4GW Nam-Pusan Youngwang N/P Euiryong Pusan C/C Sin-Gimhae Sin-Masan Sin-Gwangju Sin-Gosung Hadong T/P Samcheonpo T/P Gwangyang Gwangyang Steel Sin-Hwasun Gwangyang C/C EP Project Yeosu N/P Sin-Gangjin Haenam C/S 4GW×2 Jeju T/P Hanrim CC Namjeju 56 57 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Direct burial type Draw In conduit type Box culvert type Tunnel type 58 59 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Supporting structure : Tubular steel tower Cable : ACSR/AW 480㎟ C×6B Neutral line : HTACSR/AW 480㎟ C×3B Insulator : DC Porcelain & Polymer Types of tower Suspension type Tension type ± 60 61 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea ㎡ ㎡ ＊World Record : CIGRE SC B4 (Anounced in 2014, 2016) ☞ ＊ Limitation of Transportation : 160 Ton, Height : 4.5m, Width : 3.3m 62 63 Plenary Session 4 The Brazilian Interconnected Transmission System Vice President Jong-hwa Francis Kim Gyeongin Regional Construction Headquarters KEPCO T : +82-2-2096-4300 F : +82-2-2096-4407 E : [email protected] Prof. Jose ANTONIO JARDINI (ERUSP University) 64 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea The Brazilian Interconnected Transmission System Prof. Dr José Antonio Jardini São Paulo University [email protected] Electrical business organization MME Ministry of Mines and Energy ANEEL Regulatory Agency EPE Planning responsibility ONS Independent System Operator CCEE Inter agency power balance and costing Agents: Generation; Transmission; Distribution; free customer commerce ONS operates system ≥ 220 kV ( have no assets) Distribution Company < 220 kV 67 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Gross product Per person Trillions US$/yr thousands US$/yr China 12.2 7.3 India 2.6 1.9 Japan 4.9 48.5 East – West 4300 km South 1.5 26.1 North – South 4000 km Korea Brazil 2.1 10.9 Brazilian population 210 millions Hydro 105 GW Thermal 34 Nuclear 2 Existing AC voltages: Generation Wind 12 PV 1 Transmission: 220; 345;44;500;765 kV Total 153 GW Distribution: 138; 69 kV and lower Peak load 85 GW The major system is the 500 kV All states are connected in the SIN; except one today (neighbor to Venezuela) to be changed soon. Due to thisthe cost of MWh is the same in all country 2010 68 69 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Wind and Photovoltaic generation HVDC transmission and back-t-back PV potential 4.7 to 5,5 kWh/m2/day WPP potential 143 GW Itaipu HVDC system HVDC links in Brazil. DC Link Rectifier Inverter MW kV km Inv kV In operation or commissioning Itaipu Foz do Iguacu Ibiuna (IB) 2x3150 ±600 800 345 Madeira Porto Velho Araraquara (AR) 2x3150 ±600 2500 500 B Monte 1 Xingu Estreito (ES) 4000 ±800 2200 500 B Monte 2 Xingu Terminal Rio (TR) 4000 ±800 2500 500 Planned Bipole A Paraupebas Assis 4000 ±800 1940 500 Bipole B Graça Aranha Silvania 4000 ±800 1460 500 Back - to - back Garabi (argentina) 2X1100 MW Porto Velho (Brazil) 2X800 MW Melo (Urugay) 500 MW 70 71 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Some Characteristics Itaipu system • Pole spacing 15.4 m • max tower height 43.5 m • Two 12 pulse converter per pole ( N-1 criteria; same as outage of one generator) • min clearance soil 13 m • Rating 3200 MW continuous; 1.15X for 20 s; and 1.25X for 5 s ( modulation) • insul. length 6.3m • Transformers ~900 MVA; tap ± 8% 30 isol 320 X 170 mm • Reactive compensation at Rectifier => 1541 Mvar; Inverter=> 2780 Mvar plus 4 • 4X1272 MCM bittern 300 MVA synchronous (dynamics) ACSR 644.5 mm2 • AC filter • bundle spacing 45.7 cm rectifier inverter • 2 X 3/8” EHS steel 2X350 Mvar (3/5th; 11/13/ HP) 3X 221 Mvar (11/13th) 3X280 Mvar (11/13th; HP) 1X296 (3/5th ; HP) • surface gradient < 0.9 Peek (visual) 1X280 Mvar (3/5; 11/13th) • Radio Interference noise 46 dBu 4X 237 Mvar (HP) • Audible noise 40 dBA 1X 296 (HP) • electric field with space charge 40 kV/m Criteria : individual distortion <1%; total distortion <4% •Electrode line • DC filter insulator 2 320 X 170 mm rectifier inverter Horn gap 20 cm (arc extintion) (100/300 Hz; 1200/2400; 120/600HJz) (100/120 Hz; 720; 1440/2160 • Electrode one per terminal/bipole • ellipse 1000 m • reduced voltage operation 75% • high gama (reactive power absorption) • reverse power (inverter normal rating o extra reactive compensation) • availability 4 valves 87% 3 valves 99% 1 valve 99.9 % equivalent 98.8 guaranteed 97% 72 73 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea • Similar to Itaipu •2 bipoles of 3150 MW each, ± 600 kV •2X 400 MW back-to-back (500/230 kV) • α = 15; γ=17 Major Problems • Reverse power 2950 MW • overload capability 33% for 30 min and 50% for 5 s • converter transformer failures (many) operation modes • 3/5th AC filter damage (due to system harmonics not considered in the specification) • tower crashing hit by truck • filter 2% of negative sequence Rio Madeira Hydro generation HVDC system • sustained overvoltage versus time 1.4 pu; 0s and 1.1 pu 3s •One master control (in the first bipole in the inverter location) • reduced voltage 70% • frequency control in the rectifier • no commutation failure V> 85% • recovery after AC fault 90% for<200 ms; for DC fault 90% for <100 ms •Ground electrode distance >15 km; 220 h/year ; max unbalance 40 A Major difficulties • multi vendor management • choice of the place in one bipole electrode ( transformer saturation) 74 75 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea • Pole spacing 15.2 m • max tower height 43.5 m • min clearance soil 13 m • insul. 34 isol 210 kN • 4X2282.8 MCM All Al (1156 mm2) EDS 26% rupture H/w criterion (instead of 18%) • bundle spacing 60 cm • 1 X 3/8” EHS steel, 1X OPGW • surface gradient < 0.9 Peek (visual) • Radio Interference noise 42 dBu • Audible noise 42 dBA • electric field with space charge 10 kV/m; 5nA/m2 at the edge of ROW • ROW 79m • Tower design wind 120 km/h •Electrode line insulator 2 320 X 170 mm Horn gap 20 cm (arc extintion) Cigre TB 388 • Electrode one per terminal/bipole • ellipse or vertical rod • Pole spacing 19.8 m Belo Monte Hydro generation System • max tower height 45.0 – 50.0 m • min clearance soil BP1=15.8 m; BP2= 20 m • insul. 39 isol 320 kN 360X195 mm •2 bipoles of 4000 MW each, ± 800 kV 6X 1590 MCM All Al (1156 mm2) • transformer 393 MVA/ph • EDS 26% rupture H/w criterion • reactive 3X420 Mvar rectifier ; 5X400 Mvar inverter (instead of 18%) • Reverse power 3250 MW bundle spacing 60 cm • overload capability 33% for 30 min (20 events/year) and 50% for 5 s • 1 X 3/8” EHS steel, 1X OPGW • availability 99% • • forced outage: 1 pole 2.5 per year; bipole 1 per 5 year • surface gradient 24.3 kV/cm < 0.95 Peek (visual) • Radio Interference noise 46 dBu • Audible noise 42 dBA • electric field with space charge BP1) 10 kV/m; 5nA/m2 at the edge of ROW Operating modes inside 40 kV/m; 100 nA/m2 bipolar BP2) 5kV/m and 5 nA/m2 at the edge of ROW inside 20 kV/m; 100 nA/m2 Bipolar, reduced voltage • ROW 110 m bipole1 and 120m (bipole 2) Monopolar metallic return • Tower design wind (10 min) 90 km/h Monopolar ground return •Electrode line insulator 2 320 X 170 mm Horn gap 30 cm (arc extintion) 76 77 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Multi infeed interaction among LCC inverters Location of inverters Single line to ground fault in Araraquara inverter Power in all inverters (LCC) Multi infeed interaction to be taken into consideration Stability calculated with EMT software • reactive power balance • harmonics • sub synchronous oscillation • HVDC station controls • multiple simultaneous commutation failure IMPORTANT Controllability may have in the future a dedicated dispatch system 78 79 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea B. EMT software Analysis (single phase to ground fault at Araraquara) Risk of multiple commutation failures Mitigation Alternatives 1. Increase of the inverter extinction angle from 18° to 24° (for LCC-HVDC, steady state). 2. Installation of additional synchronous condensers. 3. Installation of additional static compensators (STATCOM). 4. Use of CCC-HVDC instead of the LCC-HVDC in the inverters of the Belo Monte link. Type of inverter (LCC) 5. Use of VSC (Voltage Source Converters) instead of LCC based converte Extintion angle (γ =24° left and 18º right) inverter VSC 80 81 2018 International High Voltage Direct Current Conference in Korea Bipole Blocking • Operation concern; not a system planning criteria Thank you very much one pole blocking (not a problem) LCC CCC 82 83