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Reinforcement, Extension and Assessment 1 CONTENT AND RESOURCES PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CONTENTS FIND OUT ABOUT • The formation of relief • Continental and oceanic relief • The relief and water of the continents • The climates and landscapes of the Earth • Spain: relief, water, climates and landscapes KNOW HOW TO • Understand relief formation: internal and external processes • Distinguish continental and oceanic relief • Identify the main relief features, rivers and lakes of the Earth and Spain • Identify the five main climate zones in the Earth • Identify the main climates and landscapes of each climate zone and Spain • Compare climates and landscapes • Interpret maps of relief, rivers and lakes, and climates of the Earth and Spain • Distinguish continental and marine water • Interpret charts, pie charts, diagrams and climographs • Analyse photos of landscapes • Organise and classify information in tables • Use maps to link geographical features to each other • Analyse the effects of marine currents • Analyse the effects of cyclones BE ABLE TO • Use an atlas • Find the main physical features, rivers and lakes of each continent in a map • Find the main physical features, watersheds and rivers of Spain in a map • Locate the different climates of the continents in a map • Locate the different climates of Spain in a map • Understand the importance of water in human life • Recognise the importance of properly managing fresh water resources • Reflect on the influence of climate on the distribution of world population RESOURCES Reinforcement and extension Digital resources • Relief: formation and features • Libromedia. Physical geography • Water and climates of the Earth • Relief, water and climates of Spain Audio • The seven summits • Track 1: pp. 6-7, 'The highest peak in the world' (students • Geographer's tools: graphs, photos and maps and teachers) • Track 2: p. 29, 'Tropical cyclones' (teachers) Assessment • Test of Unit 1 16 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. REINFORCEMENT SHEET 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 1 Name: Course: Date: 1 Use the key to label the forms of continental and oceanic relief on the picture. 1. Mountain range 6. Continental shelf 11. Gulf 2. Plateau 7. Peninsula 12. Island 3. Valley 8. Beach 13. Continental slope 4. Plain 9. Cape 14. Ocean trench 5. Depression 10. Abyssal plain 15. Mid-ocean ridge 2 Use the key to label the forms of relief, rivers and lakes on the world map. Forms of relief Rivers and lakes Rocky Mountains (1); Andes (2); Sahara Desert (3); Nile River (a); Lake Victoria (b); Yangtze River (c); Matto Grosso (4); Drakensberg Mountains (5); Yellow River (d); Lake Baikal (e); Mississippi River (f); Cape of Good Hope (6); Himalayas (7); Plateau of Tibet (8); Amazon River (g); Danube River (h); Volga River (i) Ural Mountains (9); Pyrenees (10); Great Dividing Range (11). GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. 17 REINFORCEMENT SHEET 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 2 Name: Course: Date: 1 Complete the table on continental water. Then, answer the question. Continental water Definition Example River Lake Groundwater Ice • Why is fresh water a scarce resource? 2 Read the sentences and write True (T) or False (F). Correct the false sentences in your notebook. a. Oceans and seas hold about half of the Earth’s water. b. Marine currents have an influence on the climate of coastal regions. c. Tides are the monthly rise and fall of sea level caused by the seasons. d. Waves are movements of the surface water of the sea caused by the tides. 3 Write the names of the continents and oceans in the right place on the map. Then, use the key to colour the Earth’s climates. 18 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. REINFORCEMENT SHEET 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 3 Name: Course: Date: 1 Use the key to label the inland and coastal forms on the map of Spain. Canary islands (1) Balearic Islands (2) Pyrenees (3) Mountains of Toledo (4) Iberian Mountain Chain (5) Inner Plateau (6) Galician Massif (7) Baetic Chain (8) Central Mountain Chain (9) Ebro river basin (10) 2 List the four main rocky substrates found in Spain in your notebook. Then, write at least one inland or coastal form (named in activity 1) corresponding to each rocky substrate. 3 Use the key to colour the watersheds on the map from activity 1. Then, complete the table about the rivers of Spain in your notebook. Yellow Mediterranean Green Cantabrian Purple Atlantic Atlantic watershed Mediterranean watershed Cantabrian watershed Characteristics Rivers 4 Complete the table about the climates of Spain in your notebook. Then, answer the questions. Climate Temperatures Precipitation Oceanic Mediterranean: • Typical • Continentalised • Semi-arid Subtropical Mountain a. Which factors have an influence in the climate of Spain b. Which is the most common climate in Spain? c. Can you name an example of vegetation from each of the different landscapes of Spain? GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. 19 EXTENSION SHEET 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 4 Name: Course: Date: 1 Read the text. Complete the table with the information from the news article and other sources. Reaching the top of the world at age 15 (5,642 m) in Russia, and the highest peak of South America, Mount Aconcagua (6,960 m) in The young American boy, Jordan Romero, climbed Argentina. When he was just 11 years old he the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro (5,895 climbed Mount McKinley, now called Denali (6,194 m), in Tanzania when he was only ten years old. He m) in Alaska (USA), the highest peak in North climbed it with his father and stepmother, who America, and Puncak Jaya (5,030 m) in Indonesia, also accompanied him in 2011 when he reached the highest peak in Oceania. the summit of Vinson Massif (4,897 m), the highest peak in Antarctica. At the age of 15 Jordan then In May 2010, at the age of 13, he reached the became the youngest climber to have reached the highest peak of Asia and the world, Mount Everest highest peaks on all the continents. (8,850 m) in Nepal. This was another world record. Jordan Romero had become the youngest climber Jordan's first climbing record was set in June 2006 to see the world from the highest viewpoint on when he climbed Kilimanjaro. At the same age each continent. (only ten), Jordan was also the youngest person to reach the highest summit of Europe, Mount Elbrus El País, 25 December 2011 (adapted) Continent Country Mountain range Summit Height Africa North America South America Europe Asia Oceania Antarctica • Think about it: do you consider that it is right that children as young as Jordan try to climb Everest? Discuss your ideas in groups. 2 Search the Internet for a blank map of the world and print it. • Write the name of the continents on the map. • Find and label the names of the mountain ranges from activity 1. • Use a triangle symbol to label the summit of each mountain range and write the height next to it. 20 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. EXTENSION SHEET 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 5 Name: Course: Date: 1 Geographers use maps, graphs and other tools to work. Look at the tools and label them. A B C a. b. c. 2 Analyse the graphs. 4 Analyse the map. • Which type of graphs are they? • Which type of map is it? • Which information do they show? • Which information does it show? • Describe temperatures and precipitation in each one. • What would be a good title for this map? • Which climate does each graph represent? • Explain the distribution of each climate and the corresponding landscape. 3 Look at the photograph. 5 • Is it an aerial or a satellite photograph? Explain your Write a report. answer. • Write a report about temperate climates with the • What do you see in the photograph? Which natural information gathered in the previous activities. features do you see? Do you see any human features? • Which type of climate does this landscape correspond to? • Do you think this landscape is densely or scarcely populated? Why? GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. 21 1 ASSESSMENT Name: Course: Date: 1 Identify the two basic processes of relief formation and explain how they are related. 2 Write three forms of continental relief and three forms of oceanic relief. Define each term. 3 Label the following forms of relief, rivers and lakes on the map. Mountain ranges: Rocky Mountains, Himalayas, Caucasus Mountains, Andes, Ural Mountains, Alps, Atlas Mountains, Drakensbberg Mountains, Great Dividing Range. Plains and plateaus: Plateau of Tibet, Great Plains, Mato Grosso Plateau, East European Plain, Darfur Plateau. Rivers and lakes: Congo River, Yangtze River, Nile River, Yellow River, Amazon River, Danube River, Mississippi River, Volga River, Darling River, Lake Victoria, Lake Baikal, Great Lakes, Lake Ladoga. 4 Write about the percentages and distribution of continental and marine water on Earth. Then, explain why marine water is in constant movement. 22 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 3. Photocopiable material © Santillana Educación, S. L. 1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 5 Complete the table about the climate zones of the Earth. Hot climates Temperate climates Cold climates Climate: Climate: Climate: Temperatures: Temperatures: Temperatures: Precipitation: Precipitation: Precipitation: Climate: Climate: Climate: Temperatures: Temperatures: Temperatures: Precipitation: Precipitation: Precipitation: Climate: Climate: Temperatures: Temperatures: Precipitation: Precipitation: 6 Look at the map. a. Write the forms of relief the line goes through. b. Write the main type of rocky substrate in: • the Galician Massif: • the Pyrenees: • the Ebro river basin 7 Label the watersheds of Spain on the map from activity 6, and complete the table. Cantabrian watershed Atlantic watershed Mediterranean watershed Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics: Examples: Examples: Examples: 8 Write about the most common climate in Spain and its three sub-climates.
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