DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus Aureus in Cockroaches (Periplaneta Americana)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus Aureus in Cockroaches (Periplaneta Americana) Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research ISSN 2311-7710 (Electronic) http://doi.org/10.5455/javar. 2016.c153 September 2016 A periodical of the Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh (BDvetNET) Vol 3 No 3, Pages 221-228. Original Article Isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) Ariful Islam, Aurjun Deb Nath, Kamrul Islam, Shariful Islam, Shovon Chakma, Muhammad Belal Hossain, Abdullah Al-Faruq and Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan • Received: May 28, 2016 • Revised: June 27, 2016 • Accepted: June 28, 2016 • Published Online: June 29, 2016 AFFILIATIONS ABSTRACT Ariful Islam Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus Shariful Islam aureus in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), and to assess the antimicrobial EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, resistance profiles of the isolated bacteria. USA. Materials and methods: A total of 150 cockroaches (P. americana) were & randomly captured from three households and four restaurants in Chittagong City Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control Corporation, Bangladesh during July to December 2014. The cockroaches were and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali- transported to the bacteriology laboratory at the Poultry Research and Training 1212, Bangladesh. Centre (PRTC), Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. The Aurjun Deb Nath isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. from the external surface wash and Abdullah Al Faruq gut homogenates by pooling cockroaches were done by following conventional Mohammad Mahmudul bacteriological examinations followed by biochemical characterization. The Hassan antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using disc Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong diffusion method. Veterinary and Animal Sciences Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of S. aureus was 38% (n=57/150). University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Higher prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. was observed among the cockroaches from Bangladesh. restaurant (49.3%; n=37/75) as compared to those of households (26.7%; Kamrul Islam n=20/75) having a significant difference (P<0.05). Highest level of resistance by Shovon Chakma the Staphylococcus spp. was found to Penicillin (68%) followed by Erythromycin Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control (60%), Oxacillin (46%) and Clindamycin (31%). On the other hand, the and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali- Staphylococci isolates were highly sensitive to Cephalothin (84%) and Kanamycin 1212, Bangladesh. (65%). Conclusion: The rational use of antibiotics needs to be adopted in both human Muhammad Belal Hossain and animal medicine practices to prevent the emergence of drug resistant International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali- Staphylococcus spp. 1212, Bangladesh. CORRESPONDENCE KEYWORDS Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan Antibiogram, Cockroach, External washing, Gut content, Prevalence, Resistance Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected] How to cite: Islam A, Nath AD, Islam K, Islam S, Chakma S, Hossain MB, Al-Faruq A, Hassan MM (2016). Isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus in Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 3(3): 221- 228. http://bdvets.org/javar/ Islam et al./ J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 3 (3): 221-228, September 2016 221 INTRODUCTION human or veterinary medicine, and for the production of food-animal (Bager and Helmuth, 2001; Anderson et al., Cockroach is one of the most common pests in urban 2003; Schroeder et al., 2004). These resistant microbes environmental settings that are associated intimately to may act as a potential source in spreading antimicrobial the food which carries and spread antimicrobial resistant resistance gene to human pathogens (Schroeder et al., bacterium frequently (Bennett and Owens, 1986). 2004). Cockroaches are largely found in multi-family dwellings, and may act as a carrier of several microorganism The isolation and identification of cockroach associated affecting public health (Wood et al., 1981). Both in with Staphylococcus spp. and their antimicrobial resistance restaurants and households, cockroaches are commonly profile are of public health importance and imperative to found in dark rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and food the scientific community to take appropriate strategies storage rooms, and they have the ability to move from and could provide information on the supplementary one part of a building to another and even in dark light emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, the present (Rivault, 1989). The cockroaches come in contact with research was aimed to asses the prevalence and garbage, feces, stored food, sewage, and biological wastes antibiogram profile of S. aureus isolated from cockroaches (Rivault et al., 1993). Close association to the human in restaurants and households. dwellings, contact with environmental wastages might have influence in the emergence and spread of anti- MATERIALS AND METHODS microbial resistant Staphylococcus aureus from cockroaches to human and vice versa. Cockroach collection and identification: Three household and four restaurants of Chittagong City Emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance Corporation (CCC) were randomly selected where large bugs particularly S. aureus has become a grave global number of people had their foods every day. The concern. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus poses a households had at least six members and the restaurants growing problem for human health and has been consi- represented medium level eating centers which attended dered as horrifying public health threat (Ahaduzzaman et around three hundred and fifty customers per day. al., 2014). The dismaying bug is commonly found within Sampled cockroaches were collected using sterile screw- tissues, skin surfaces or in foods contaminated by capped 250-mL jars and sterile hand-gloves (Paul et al., exposure to infected human beings or animals. Close 1992), and were transported to the “Poultry Research and interface between human, animal, and environmental Training Centre” (PRTC), Chittagong Veterinary and components both biological and physical, the threat of Animal Sciences University (CVASU) for bacteriological pathogenic Staphylococci is continuously surging up analyses. The insect identification has been confirmed in towards a complex situation (Tachbele et al., 2006). accordance with Lane and Crosskey (1993). Staphylococcus spp. is recognized as a foremost cause of food poisoning, wound infections, skin infections, Estimation of sample size: The required sample size infections of internal organ, and once resistant S. aureus was based on the prevalence of 13% (n=24/187) S. aureus emerges in such infections, it will be very difficult to among isolated bacterial pathogens in conserved continue treatment regimens, because bacterium may cockroaches of hospitals and dwelling of Northeast acquire resistance against commonly used drugs. Foods Algeria (Tine et al., 2014). However, we are assuming that are usually contaminated by the different pathogens due cockroaches might show 10% Staphylococcal prevalence to unhygienic handling of food results. Close contact of in the study population. Based on this assumption, we human and animal is one of the possible sources of food estimated that 150 cockroaches would be sampled for our contamination, and spreading of pathogen to foods or study (population size 100000, confidence limits 5%, utensils through rodents and pests such as cockroaches. design effect 1.0 and clusters 1). The sample size was calculated using windows version of the Epi InfoTM Around the globe, many researchers reported that while 7.1.5.0 software. living close to human dwellings cockroaches play vital roles in transmitting pathogens like bacteria, virus, Processing of cockroaches to isolate Staphylococcus helminthes and protozoan (Agbodaze and Owusu, 1989; aureus: Captured cockroaches humanely killed using Fotedar et al., 1991; Cloarec et al., 1992; Pai et al., 2003), chloroform soaked cotton in a screw capped sterile jar. and some of isolated bacterial pathogens were resistant to Body surface of cockroaches were washed with various antimicrobials (Fathpour et al., 2003). Different physiological saline after vortexing for 2 min and taken as types of food sources contain resistant bacteria that are a homogenate sample. Before gastrointestinal tract (GIT) resistant to one or more antimicrobials that are used in dissection, each cockroach was decontaminated with 95% Islam et al./ J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 3 (3): 221-228, September 2016 222 Table 1. Antibiotics used, concentrations and zone diameter interpretative standards based on CLSI (2007) Antimicrobial Antibiotics Concentration Zone diameter (mm) R I S Aminoglycosides Kanamycin 30 µg ≤ 13 14-17 ≥ 18 Macrolides Erythromycin 15 µg ≤ 13 14-22 ≥ 23 Cephems Cephalothin 30 µg ≤ 14 15-17 ≥ 18 Lincosamides Clindamycin 2 µg ≤ 14 15-20 ≥ 21 Penicillins Penicillin 10 unit ≤ 28 - ≥ 29 Penicillins Oxacillin 1 µg ≤ 10 11-12 ≥ 13 R=Resistant, I=intermediately resistant, S=Sensitive ethanol, and the residue of ethanol was removed with procedure was used on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar (Bauer saline solution. The gut was dissected aseptically using et al., 1966), and a 0.5 McFarland standard was prepared sterile needles and washed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Investigation on Vectorial Potential of Blattella Germanica in Turkey
    Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 64, 141-144, 2017 Short Communication / Kısa Bilimsel Çalışma First investigation on vectorial potential of Blattella germanica in Turkey Bekir OĞUZ 1, Nalan ÖZDAL1, Özlem ORUNÇ KILINÇ2, Mustafa Serdar DEĞER1 1 Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology; 2 Özalp Vocational High School, Van, Turkey. Summary: Cockroaches are claimed to be mechanical vectors of microorganisms such as intestinal parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This study was conducted to determine the potential role of cockroaches as carriers of parasites having medical importance in Van province, Turkey. One hundred and thirty-eight cockroaches were collected from different parts of apartments and houses between March and April 2014. All of the collected cockroaches were identified as Blatella germanica. They were examined for isolation and identification of intestinal parasites from external surface. The results showed that 66 (48%) of the cockroaches harbored parasitic organisms. Of these, 96.6% were protozoon and the remaining 3.4% were helminthes. Isolated helminth, species were Toxocara sp. (3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (3%), Trichostrongylus sp. (1.5%), Trichuris trichiura (1.5%) and unidentified nematode egg samples (3%). The protozoon identified during the study were Endolimax nana (7.6%), Blastocystis hominis (41%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (16.7%), unsporulated coccidial oocyst (7.6%), Chilomastix mesnilli (4.5%), Entamoeba coli (35%), Giardia sp. (13.6%) and Iodamoeba butschlii (7.6%). In conclusion, Blattella germanica was found to harbor intestinal parasites of public health importance. Hence, awareness on the potential role of cockroaches in the mechanical transmission of intestinal parasites needs to be further investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Experiences from Pest Advisory in Vorarlberg, Austria
    Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Urban Pests Gabi Müller, Reiner Pospischil and William H Robinson (editors) 2014 Printed by OOK-Press Kft., H-8200 Veszprém, Papái ut 37/a, Hungary SCIENTIFIC EXPERIENCES FROM PEST ADVISORY IN VORARLBERG, AUSTRIA KLAUS ZIMMERMANN inatura GmbH, Jahngasse 9, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria Abstract The biological advisory service (BAS) of the “inatura-Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn” is a free service for the general public, authorities and professionals in the state of Vorarlberg (Austria). Pests and annoying intruders in houses and gardens appear as a main topic for the advisors. They are regularly confronted with new pests, mass occurrences and invasive alien species. The preferred migration corridors of selected species are explained. Some of the invaders enlarge their range naturally are forced by climate changes. Others have been introduced by worldwide trading activities. Key Words Argiope bruennichi, Cheiracanthium mildei, Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus, Ectobius vittiventris, Harmonia axyridis, invasive species, Leptoglossus occidentalis, mass occurrence, Sceliphron curvatum, Scutigera coleoptrata INTRODUCTION The “inatura – Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn” is a museum for natural history in Vorarlberg (Austria). It was founded in 1960 by the state government and by the city of Dornbirn. In 2003 it was transformed into a limited liability company. Besides the classical challenges of a museum like exhibition, conservation and research, inatura also offers a biological advisory service (BAS). This service works on enquiries of the general public, mass media, authorities and professionals (e.g. pest controllers or physicians). A wide range of questions concerning animals, plants and fungi have to be handled. An increasing part of the consultants’ work is pest advisory in a broad sense, including troublemakers and intruders.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Genus Planuncus and Its Relatives (Insecta: Blattodea: Ectobiinae) 139-168 71 (3): 139 – 168 20.12.2013
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2013 Band/Volume: 71 Autor(en)/Author(s): Bohn Horst, Beccaloni George, Dorow Wolfgang H. O., Pfeifer Manfred Alban Artikel/Article: Another species of European Ectobiinae travelling north – the new genus Planuncus and its relatives (Insecta: Blattodea: Ectobiinae) 139-168 71 (3): 139 – 168 20.12.2013 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2013. Another species of European Ectobiinae travelling north – the new genus Planuncus and its relatives (Insecta: Blattodea: Ectobiinae) Horst Bohn *, 1, George Beccaloni 2, Wolfgang H.O. Dorow 3 & Manfred Alban Pfeifer 4 1 Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 München, Germany; Horst Bohn * [[email protected] chen.de] — 2 The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; George Beccaloni [[email protected]] — 3 Senckenberg For- schungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Wolfgang Dorow [Wolfgang.Dorow@ sen ckenberg.de] — 4 Bahnhofsplatz 5, 67240 Bobenheim-Roxheim, Germany; Manfred Alban Pfeifer [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 21.xi.2013. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 13.xii.2013. Abstract A new genus of Ectobiinae is described, Planuncus with the three new subgenera, Planuncus, Margundatus and Margintorus, containing species formerly belonging to the genera Phyllodromica (second subg.) and Ectobius (other subg.). New combinations: Pl. (Pl.) tingitanus (Bolívar, 1914), Pl. (Pl.) finoti (Chopard, 1943), Pl. (Pl.) vinzi (Maurel, 2012); Pl. (Margundatus) baeticus (Bolívar, 1884), Pl. (Margun- datus) agenjoi (Harz, 1971), Pl. (Margundatus) erythrurus (Bohn, 1992), Pl. (Margundatus) intermedius (Bohn, 1992), Pl.
    [Show full text]
  • Správa O Činnosti Organizácie SAV Za Rok 2014
    Ústav zoológie SAV Správa o činnosti organizácie SAV za rok 2014 Bratislava január 2015 Obsah osnovy Správy o činnosti organizácie SAV za rok 2014 1. Základné údaje o organizácii 2. Vedecká činnosť 3. Doktorandské štúdium, iná pedagogická činnosť a budovanie ľudských zdrojov pre vedu a techniku 4. Medzinárodná vedecká spolupráca 5. Vedná politika 6. Spolupráca s VŠ a inými subjektmi v oblasti vedy a techniky 7. Spolupráca s aplikačnou a hospodárskou sférou 8. Aktivity pre Národnú radu SR, vládu SR, ústredné orgány štátnej správy SR a iné organizácie 9. Vedecko-organizačné a popularizačné aktivity 10. Činnosť knižnično-informačného pracoviska 11. Aktivity v orgánoch SAV 12. Hospodárenie organizácie 13. Nadácie a fondy pri organizácii SAV 14. Iné významné činnosti organizácie SAV 15. Vyznamenania, ocenenia a ceny udelené pracovníkom organizácie SAV 16. Poskytovanie informácií v súlade so zákonom o slobodnom prístupe k informáciám 17. Problémy a podnety pre činnosť SAV PRÍLOHY A Zoznam zamestnancov a doktorandov organizácie k 31.12.2014 B Projekty riešené v organizácii C Publikačná činnosť organizácie D Údaje o pedagogickej činnosti organizácie E Medzinárodná mobilita organizácie Správa o činnosti organizácie SAV 1. Základné údaje o organizácii 1.1. Kontaktné údaje Názov: Ústav zoológie SAV Riaditeľ: RNDr. Milan Kozánek, CSc. Zástupca riaditeľa: RNDr. Stanislav Kalúz, CSc. Vedecký tajomník: Ing. Juraj Majtán, PhD. Predseda vedeckej rady: Ing. Ladislav Roller, PhD. Člen snemu SAV: MVDr. Markéta Derdáková, PhD. Adresa: Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava http://www.zoo.sav.sk Tel.: 02/ 5930 2602 Fax: 02/ 5930 2646 E-mail: [email protected] Názvy a adresy detašovaných pracovísk: nie sú Vedúci detašovaných pracovísk: nie sú Typ organizácie: Príspevková od roku 1992 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Az Ectobius Vittiventris (COSTA, 1847) (Blattellidae: Ectobiinae) Erdeicsótány Előfordulása Magyarországon
    DOI: 10.20331/AllKoz.2019.104.1-2.3 ÁLLATTANI KÖZLEMÉNYEK (2019) 104(1–2): 3–15. Az Ectobius vittiventris (COSTA, 1847) (Blattellidae: Ectobiinae) erdeicsótány előfordulása Magyarországon 1 2 KINÁL FERENC és PUSKÁS GELLÉRT 1E-mail: [email protected] 2Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum Állattára, 1088 Budapest, Baross utca 13. E-mail: [email protected] Összefoglalás. 2005-ben Magyarország faunájára új erdeicsótány-faj került elő Budapest parkos bel- területén, az Ectobius vittiventris. A rendszeres újabb adatok alapján arra lehet következtetni, hogy ez a mediterrán eredetű, észak felé terjeszkedő csótányfaj megtelepedett a fővárosban és környékén. Gyakran épületekből kerül elő, noha nem szünantróp faj, feltehetően a fény vonzza be a példányokat. Rajzáscsúcsa hazánkban szeptemberre esik. Nevelési kísérleteinkből kitűnik, hogy a lárvastádiumok száma hét, a teljes kifejlődéshez 6 és csaknem 14 hónap közötti időre volt szükség. A fejlődésmenetet feltehetően a nappalok hossza is befolyásolja. Kulcsszavak: entomológia, faunisztika, fenológia, behurcolás, biológiai invázió. Elfogadva: 2019.04.17. Elektronikusan megjelent: 2019.05.21. Bevezetés Hazánkban mindössze két csótánynem fajai fordulnak elő a természetben, mindkettő az Ectobiidae (erdeicsótányok) család tagja. A névadó genusz az Ectobius, amelynek ezidáig négy faját és két alfaját jelezték Magyarország területéről: E. erythronotus erythronotus (BURR, 1913), E. erythronotus nigricans RAMME, 1923, E. lapponicus (LINNAEUS, 1758), E. lucidus (HAGENBACH, 1822) és E. sylvestris (PODA, 1761) (VIDLIČKA & SZIRÁKI 1997). Megjegyzendő, hogy az E. lucidus fenti műben közölt legújabb adata is 55 éves. Az Ectobius vittiventris (COSTA, 1847) Európában terjedőben lévő erdeicsótány faj. Eredeti areája Korzikától az Appennini-félszigeten, Szicílián, a Balkánon és Észak- Anatólián keresztül a Kaukázusig húzódik (RAMME 1951, HARZ 1976, GALVAGNI & BARDIANI 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • ICUP 2011 14-07-2011 08:17 Page 99
    20 Mueller - New data on the incidence-AF:ICUP 2011 14-07-2011 08:17 Page 99 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Urban Pests William H Robinson and Ana Eugênia de Carvalho Campos (editors) 2011 Printed by Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP. Brazil. NEW DATA ON THE INCIDENCE OF HOUSEHOLD ARTHROPOD PESTS AND NEW INVASIVE PESTS IN ZURICH (SWITZERLAND) GABI MUELLER, ISABELLE LANDAU LUESCHER, AND MARCUS SCHMIDT Dept. of Health and Environment, Urban Pest Advisory Service, Walchestrasse 31, CH-8021 Zürich, Switzerland [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] Abstract The Urban Pest Advisory Service (UPAS) is responsible for urban pests in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. We advise approximately 2’000 people per year who have questions or problems regarding arthropods and their control, we survey the pest situation in the city and control rats in public areas. Since 2004 we work on projects regarding public health. We present data on the temporal changes in the occurrence of some important pest species from 1994 to 2010 in Zurich, based on the frequency of inquiries by the public. Inquiries concerning the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, and the brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa , have decreased significantly, whereas inquiries regarding the Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis, have remained more or less on the same low level. In 2010 its number was unusually high due to a block of 23 houses with B. orientalis problems for several years. We coordinated the monitoring and control in these houses, the street and in the courtyard. The number of bed bug ( Cimex lectularius ) problems has increased exponentially since 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional and Gut Microbial Analyses of Adult Male Cockroaches (Periplaneta Americana) (Dictyoptera, Blattodea) from Three Locations in Abeokuta, Nigeria
    Entomologica romanica 24: 19-23, 2020 ISSN 2601-7105 online / ISSN 1224-2594 print / doi: 10.24193/entomolrom.24.2 Nutritional and Gut Microbial Analyses of Adult Male Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) (Dictyoptera, Blattodea) from Three Locations in Abeokuta, Nigeria Kehinde Olutoyin Ademolu, Oluwatosin Yetunde Mustapha & Adewunmi Babatunde Idowu Summary: Cockroaches are cosmopolitan insects and are found in different parts of the house. There has been an increase call for their inclusion in the diet of both man and livestock. However, their nutritional value and gut microbial load based on different locations had received little attention in literature. This study aimed at investigating nutritive value and the microbial load in the gut of male cockroaches found in different locations (dumpsite, kitchen and toilet). Thirty (30) adult male cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), ten (10) from each location were used. The gut was taken out for microbial analysis and the other parts of the cockroaches were arranged for proximate composition, minerals and vitamins analysis using standard methods. Data analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student Newman Kuel was used for mean separation of significant means. The gut microbial analysis from the three locations revealed that bacterial and fungal counts (2.00×105 cfu/ml, 9.00×105 cfu/ml respectively) in cockroaches from the dumpsite were significantly higher (p<0.05) than other sites. Cockroaches collected from the kitchen had highest Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations while cockroaches from the dumpsite had the least. Proximate composition showed that cockroaches from the kitchen had significantly higher (p <0.05) protein, ash, fat and carbohydrate content than other locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 59: October & November 2018
    pestThe independent UK pest management magazine RodentRodent baiting baiting rules rules tightenedtightened IssueIssue 59 59 OctoberOctober & & November November 2018 2018 Young scientists! Bayer Citizen Science counts PestTech heads for New cockroach invades opens doors to schools more moths Milton Keynes Hertfordshire 5 18 22 30 pest CONTENTS Issue 59 2018 Pest is published six times a year Editorial contacts: Editor & publisher: Frances McKim Contents Associate editor & publisher: Helen Riby Industry news 4 7 Living the life down under 7 More industry news 9 People in the news 11 Helen Riby Frances McKim Permanent baiting rules tightened 13 Technical advisory board Dave Archer Clive Boase Labels unwrapped 16 Dr Alan Buckle John Charlton Brian Duffin Rob Fryatt Moths up...butterflies down! 18 Adrian Meyer Dr Richard Naylor Dave Oldbury Dr John Simmons PestTech heads south to Milton Keynes 22 Richard Strand Grahame Turner 25 Urban rodents: A public health priority 25 Aims As the industry’s only independent New cockroach about 30 magazine, Pest aims to deliver a mix of unbiased news, impartial advice and Conservation at first hand topical technical features.We are 33 committed to being as inclusive as possible covering every sector of the China does it differently 34 pest management industry. New resources 37 Send us your news 34 Vote now in 2018 Best Product Award Send your news or views to: 39 Email: [email protected] Tel: 01509 233219 Products – what’s new? 41 Orwritetousat: Pest , Foxhill, Stanford on Soar, Diary dates 43 Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5PZ We’d love to hear from you. Pest Test Take the 43 Advertisers Please contact the editor as above or visit our website at Getting more and more professional www.pestmagazine.co.uk We all tend to look back with rose-tinted spectacles.
    [Show full text]
  • PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL MUSÉUM GENÈVE 2020 RAPPORT & BILAN INTERMÉDIAIRE 2015-2018 Rapport & Bilan Intermédiaire 2015-2018 Muséum Genève
    PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL MUSÉUM GENÈVE 2020 RAPPORT & BILAN INTERMÉDIAIRE 2015-2018 Rapport & bilan intermédiaire 2015-2018 Muséum Genève Edito Muséum Genève, août 2020 Difficile de résumer en quelques lignes une période si riche en activités ! Au cours de ces quatre années, le Muséum s’est attaché à renforcer son posi- tionnement à l’interface entre science et société. Ce rapport d’activités 2015- 2018 permet de réaliser un premier arrêt sur image sur le Projet Scientifique et Culturel 2015-2020 institué par Jacques Ayer, directeur du Muséum, et de décliner ses activités en sept sections reflétant les verbes d’action associés aux missions de notre institution : exposer la diversité de la nature, animer pour susciter la curiosité des publics, conserver nos collections patrimo- niales scientifiques, étudier pour décrire et comprendre le vivant ainsi que le minéral, communiquer nos recherches et nos sensibilités via de nouveaux canaux, construire pour garantir l’optimum de demain, organiser pour flui- difier l’information et l’énergie. Institution scientifique et culturelle, le Muséum a eu pour vocation pendant cette période de favoriser les dialogues avec ses publics, tout en confortant sa position de leader en Suisse sur la recherche fondamentale en lien avec la connaissance de la nature. Une grande palette d’expositions, de médiations ou de manifestations comme la « Nuit de la science » ont ainsi été proposées, avec comme point d’orgue la célébration du 50e anniversaire de l’ouverture du bâtiment de Malagnou. Cette période a aussi vu le lancement d’un projet très important pour le Muséum, avec le programme de construction d’un nouveau bâtiment pour la préservation des collections et de la rénovation d’une partie des expositions : une intention ambitieuse, à l’échelle du rôle du Muséum dans la conservation du patrimoine scientifique dont il a la charge, et dans la com- munication des enjeux environnementaux vis-à-vis des publics.
    [Show full text]
  • S Wi Ssjourn Al Ofzoo Lo Gy
    REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Tome 111 — Fascicule 2 Pages SCHÄTTI, Beat & MONSCH, Paul. Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of Whip snakes (Hierophis Fitzinger) and Zamenis andreana Werner, 1917 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae).......................................................................................... 239-256 HOU, Zhong-e, LI, Shuqiang & PLATVOET, Dirk. Three new species of the genus Gammarus from tributaries of the Ili River, China (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae)......................................................................................................... 257-284 PUTHZ, Volker. Neue orientalische Arten der Gattung Stenus Latreille aus dem Genfer Museum (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). 284. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Steninen .. 285-301 BENJAMIN, Suresh P. Nesticella marapu sp. n., a blind nesticid (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Sumba, Indonesia ........................................................................................ 303-307 BOLLACHE, Loïc. Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea: Amphipoda): another inva- sive species in Lake Geneva ................................................................................ 309-313 SCHUCHERT, Peter. Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae ....................... 315-369 DE CHAMBRIER, Alain. Redescription of Ophiotaenia hylae Johnston, 1912 (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasite of Litoria aurea (Amphibia: Hylidae) from Australia ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • After a 49-Million-Year Hiatus, a Cockroach Reappears in North America 6 January 2014
    After a 49-million-year hiatus, a cockroach reappears in North America 6 January 2014 unknown, but it evidently survived in the Old World, and western Europe in particular. "About 65 years ago, several entomologists in the northeastern United States noted that four species of Ectobius were present in North America," said corresponding author Dr. Conrad Labandeira. "It was always assumed that these four newcomers were the first Ectobius species to have ever lived in North America. But the discovery in Colorado proves that their relatives were here nearly 50 million years ago." This is a 44-million-year-old Ectobius cockroach (Ectobius balticus) from northern Europe. Credit: D. S. Shcherbakov The cockroach in the genus Ectobius is a major textbook example of an invasive organism, and it is the most common cockroach inhabiting a large region from northernmost Europe to southernmost Africa. Ectobius has a long fossil history in Europe, occurring in Baltic amber that is about 44 million years old, and its lineage was believed to have been exclusively from the Old World. However, a This is a 49-million-year-old Eocene Ectobius cockroach shocking new discovery has uprooted that view. In (Ectobius kohlsi) from Colorado. Credit: Peter Vršanský fact, it now appears that Ectobius may have originated in the New World. Four ancient Ectobius species were recently In many ways the history of Ectobius mirrors that of discovered in the 49-million-year-old Green River the biogeographic history of the horse. Horses Formation near Rifle, Colorado in deposits that are occurred in the New World and became extinct about five million years older than the Baltic amber.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.3. Schaben-Bekämpfung 61 2.3.1
    DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation / Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Neue Ansätze zur Bekämpfung der Schabenpopulation im Regenwaldhaus des Tiergarten Schönbrunn unter Berücksichtigung des vorhandenen Ökosystems und seiner tierischen Bewohner“ verfasst von / submitted by Mag.rer.nat. Gerlinde Hillebrand angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften (Dr.rer.nat.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 091 439 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Dr.-Studium der field of study as it appears on the student record Naturwissenschaften Zoologie sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christine Fellner - freigelassen - Für meine Familie - freigelassen - Inhaltsverzeichnis SUMMARY I ZUSAMMENFASSUNG V VORWORT 1 1. EINLEITUNG 3 1.1. Schaben als „Schädlinge“ 3 1.2. Schaben – Biologie und Verhalten 4 1.3. Schaben – Systematik 10 1.3.1. Überfamilie Blaberoidea 10 1.3.1.1. Familie Blaberidae 11 1.3.1.1.1. Gewächshausschabe – Pycnoscelsus surinamensis (Linnaeus 1758) 11 1.3.1.2. Familie Ectobiidae 11 1.3.1.2.1. Deutsche Schabe – Blattella germanica (Linnaeus 1767) 12 1.3.2. Überfamilie Blattoidea 13 1.3.2.1. Familie Blattidae 13 1.3.2.1.1. Amerikan. Großschabe – Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus 1758) 13 1.3.2.1.2. Austral. Großschabe – Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius 1775) 16 1.4. Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Schabe 17 1.5. Schädlingsbekämpfung 20 1.5.1. Chemische Schädlingsbekämpfung durch Insektizide 22 1.5.2. Natürliche Schädlingsbekämpfung 24 1.5.2.1. Pflanzenextrakte 25 1.5.2.2. Pheromonpräparate 27 1.5.2.3.
    [Show full text]