Mahabharata & Geeta Dhyanam
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The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School May 2017 Modern Mythologies: The picE Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature Sucheta Kanjilal University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Kanjilal, Sucheta, "Modern Mythologies: The pE ic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modern Mythologies: The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature by Sucheta Kanjilal A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a concentration in Literature Department of English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Gurleen Grewal, Ph.D. Gil Ben-Herut, Ph.D. Hunt Hawkins, Ph.D. Quynh Nhu Le, Ph.D. Date of Approval: May 4, 2017 Keywords: South Asian Literature, Epic, Gender, Hinduism Copyright © 2017, Sucheta Kanjilal DEDICATION To my mother: for pencils, erasers, and courage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When I was growing up in New Delhi, India in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, my father was writing an English language rock-opera based on the Mahabharata called Jaya, which would be staged in 1997. An upper-middle-class Bengali Brahmin with an English-language based education, my father was as influenced by the mythological tales narrated to him by his grandmother as he was by the musicals of Broadway impressario Andrew Lloyd Webber. -
The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Väkivallan Muodot Ja Sen Kuvaamisen Keinot Arundhati Royn Teoksessa the God of Small Things Ja Bernardine Evariston Runoromaanissa the Emperor’S Babe
TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO Raisa Aho Miten kertoa kivusta? Väkivallan muodot ja sen kuvaamisen keinot Arundhati Royn teoksessa The God of Small Things ja Bernardine Evariston runoromaanissa The Emperor’s Babe Yleisen kirjallisuustieteen pro gradu -tutkielma Tampere 2011 Tampereen yliopisto, Kieli-, käännös- ja kirjallisuustieteiden yksikkö AHO, Raisa: Miten kertoa kivusta? Väkivallan muodot ja sen kuvaamisen keinot Arundhati Royn romaanissa The God of Small Things ja Bernardine Evariston runoteoksessa The Emperor’s Babe Pro Gradu -tutkielma, 128 s. Yleinen kirjallisuustiede Huhtikuu 2011 Yleisen kirjallisuustieteen pro gradu -tutkielmassani tarkastelen erilaisia väkivallan ilmenemismuotoja ja niiden kuvaamisen keinoja kahdessa kaunokirjallisessa teoksessa, eli Arundhati Royn romaanissa The God of Small Things (1997) ja Bernardine Evariston runoromaanissa The Emperor’s Babe (2001). Päädyin tarkastelemaan juuri näitä kahta teosta rinnakkain sekä sisällöllisistä, temaattisista, kirjallisuushistoriallisista että kerronnallisista syistä. Ne molemmat kuuluvat niin sanotun postkoloniaalisen kirjallisuuden traditioon, mutta eri tavoilla. Molemmissa käsitellään väkivaltaa ja sen traumatisoivaa luonnetta, mutta kertojaratkaisujen erot tuovat väkivallan kuvauksiin erilaisia painotuksia. Tutkimukseni lähtee liikkeelle sekä ruumiillisen kivun että traumaattisen kokemuksen kieltä pakenevasta luonteesta. Molempia ilmiöitä on tarkasteltu siitä lähtökohdasta, että ne ovat symboloimattomia, ja niiden sanoiksi pukeminen on vaikeaa, ellei peräti mahdotonta. Kivun -
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
MAEL-203.Pdf
CONTENTS BLOCK 1 Selections from Ancient Texts Page No. Unit 1 Rigveda: Purusha Sukta 1-13 Unit 2 Isha Upanishad 14-30 Unit 3 The Mahabharata: The Yaksha-Yudhishthira Dialogue I 31-45 Unit 4 The Mahabharata: The Yaksha-Yudhishthira Dialogue II 46-76 BLOCK 2 Poetry in Translation Unit 5 Selections from Songs of Kabir 96-109 Unit 6 Selections from Ghalib 110-119 Unit 7 Rabindranath Tagore: Songs from Gitanjali 120-131 BLOCK 3 Poetry in English Unit 8 Sri Aurobindo and his Savitri 132-147 Unit 9 Savitri , Book Four: The Book of Birth and Quest 148-161 Unit 10 Nissim Ezekiel: “Philosophy”, “Enterprise” 162-173 Unit 11 Kamla Das: “Freaks”, “A Hot Noon in Malabar” 167-178 BLOCK 4 Fiction Unit 12 Somdev: Selections from Kathasaritsagar 174-184 Unit 13 Raja Rao: Kanthapura –I 185-191 Unit 14 Raja Rao: Kanthapura –II 192-200 BLOCK 5 Drama Unit 15 Kalidasa: Abhijnanashakuntalam –I 201-207 Unit 16 Kalidasa: Abhijnanashakuntalam –II 208-231 Unit 17 Vijay Tendulkar: Ghasiram Kotwal –I 232-240 Unit 18 Vijay Tendulkar: Ghasiram Kotwal –II 241-257 Indian Writing in English and in English Translation MAEL-203 UNIT ONE RIGVEDA: PURUSHA-SUKTA 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Objectives 1.3. A Background to Purusha-Sukta 1.4. Analysing the Text 1.4.1. The Purusha 1.4.2. Verse by verse commentary 1.4.3. The Yajna 1.5. Summing Up 1.6. Answers to Self Assessment Questions 1.7. References 1.8. Terminal and Model Questions Uttarakhand Open University 1 Indian Writing in English and in English Translation MAEL-203 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Block: Block One explores the foundations of Indian Literature. -
Introduction to BI-Tagavad-Gita
TEAcI-tER'S GuidE TO INTROduCTioN TO BI-tAGAVAd-GiTA (DAModAR CLASS) INTROduCTioN TO BHAqAVAd-qiTA Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Hare Krishna Sunday School Program is sponsored by: ISKCON Foundation Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. History ofthe Kuru Dynasty 3 2. Birth ofthe Pandavas 10 3. The Pandavas Move to Hastinapura 16 4. Indraprastha 22 5. Life in Exile 29 6. Preparing for Battle 34 7. Quiz 41 Crossword Puzzle Answer Key 45 Worksheets 46 9ntroduction "Introduction to Bhagavad Gita" is a session that deals with the history ofthe Pandavas. It is not meant to be a study ofthe Mahabharat. That could be studied for an entire year or more. This booklet is limited to the important events which led up to the battle ofKurlLkshetra. We speak often in our classes ofKrishna and the Bhagavad Gita and the Battle ofKurukshetra. But for the new student, or student llnfamiliar with the history ofthe Pandavas, these topics don't have much significance ifthey fail to understand the reasons behind the Bhagavad Gita being spoken (on a battlefield, yet!). This session will provide the background needed for children to go on to explore the teachulgs ofBhagavad Gita. You may have a classroonl filled with childrel1 who know these events well. Or you may have a class who has never heard ofthe Pandavas. You will likely have some ofeach. The way you teach your class should be determined from what the children already know. Students familiar with Mahabharat can absorb many more details and adventures. Young children and children new to the subject should learn the basics well. -
Microsoft Powerpoint
ॐ पाथाय ितबाधताे भगवता नारायणने वय ꠱ गीतॎ यॎनम् ꠱ यासेन थता पराणमिननापराणमु ुिनना Gītā Dhyānam मये महाभारतम् ꠰ pārthāya pratibodhitām bhagavatā Meditation Verses on the Gītā nārāyaṇena svayam vyāsena grathitām purāṇa-muninā madhyemahābhāratam Taught to Arjuna by Lord Narayana himself, compiled by Rishi Vyasa in the Mahabharata... अैतामतवषृ णी भगवतीम् नमाऽते त े यास वशालबु े अादशायाीयनीम् फु ारवदायतपन꠰ेे अब वामनसदधामवामनसदधामु namo 'stu te vyāsa viśhāla-buddhe phullāravindāyata-patra-netra भगवत े भवभवषणीमेषणीम् ꠱१꠱ Salutations to You, Vyyasa, whose intellect is vast, advaitāmṛita-varṣhiṇīm bhagavatīm whose eyes are like petals of a lotus... aṣhṭādaśhādhyāyinīm amba tvām anusandadhāmi bhagavad-gīte bhava-dveṣhiṇīm (1) ...this sacred rain of nectar in 18 chapters – O Mother Gita, I venerate You, destroyer of suffering. येन वया भारततलपै ूण पपारजाताय तावे े कपाणयै े꠰ वालता ेे ानमय दप ꠱२꠱ ानमु य कृ णाय गीतामृतदहु ेे नम ꠱३꠱ yena tvayā bhārata-taila-pūrṇaḥ prapanna-pārijātāya prajvālito jñāna-mayaḥ pradīpaḥ (2) totra-vetraika-pāṇaye jñāna-mudrāya kṛiṣhṇāya ...by whom the lamp filled with the oil of the gītāmṛita-dhduhenamaḥ (3) Mahabharata was lit with the flame of knowledge. Salutations to Krishna , who blesses the surrendered, in whose hands are a staff and the symbol of knowledge, who milks the Gita's nectar. सवापिनषदाे े गावा े दाधाे गापालनदने ꠰ वसदेवसत देव क सचाणरमदू नम꠰् पाथा े वस सध ीभााेे दधु गीतामृत महत् ꠰꠰ देेवकपरमानद कृ ण वदेे जगु म् ꠱꠱ sarvopaniṣhado gāvo vasudeva-sutam devam dogdhā gopāla-nandanaḥ kaḿsa-cāṇūra-mardanam pārtho vatsaḥ sudhīr bhoktā devakī-paramānandam ddhdugdham gītāmṛitam mahthat (4) kṛiṣhṇam vande jdjagad-gurum (5) The Upanishads are cows, Krishna is the cowherd, I revere Sri Krishna, teacher of all, son of Vasudeva, Arjuna is the calf, and wise people enjoy the sacred destroyer of Kamsa and Chanura, who is the delight nectar milked from the Gita. -
852525.Åšiva-AND-SHIKHANDI.Pdf
ELK Asia Pacific Journals – Special Issue ISBN: 978-81-930411-2-3 ŚIVA AND SHIKHANDI: THE GENDER QUEERNESS IN HINDU MYTHOLOGY E. Vishnupriya Lecturer Department of English Jain Institute of Business Management, Jakkasandra, Kanakapura [email protected] Hindu mythology dates to the time of the imagination; can be seen as stimulated shift Ŗg Veda, the oldest sacred religious text, marked by fear of oppression, individual which was probably composed between behaviour and conflicts, in established 1500 and 900 B.C. The Vedas, Upanishads, norms or social order of given time and Puranas, Epics, Agamas, Bhakti literature place. and Tantras with differing interpretations While leaving old prejudices in the realm of on mythology could trace the root of sexuality, this paper seeks to question the Hinduism. For over thousand years these belief ‘ars erotica.’ Queerness: is it all scriptures have been the cosmic womb of about multiplying pleasures or to be viewed creations of various literature and art forms. as ethical concerns? Truly speaking Hindu mythology visualized Queer Theory: A glance the more happening and modern concept, Queer theory is not a singular or systematic Queerness before 2000 years. Traditional conceptual or methodological framework, Hinduism seems to proclaim to the world but a collection of intellectual engagements that queerness is as old as the mountains. with the relations between sex, gender and The vast traditions of Hinduism would tell sexual desire. Queer can be used as a the tales of gender queerness .Ancient derogatory noun or adjective for scriptures like Narada-smriti and homosexuality or effeminacy. It can also be Kamasutra discuss queerness in detail. -
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA PARVA translated by Kesari Mohan Ganguli In parentheses Publications Sanskrit Series Cambridge, Ontario 2002 Salya Parva Section I Om! Having bowed down unto Narayana and Nara, the most exalted of male beings, and the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Janamejaya said, “After Karna had thus been slain in battle by Savyasachin, what did the small (unslaughtered) remnant of the Kauravas do, O regenerate one? Beholding the army of the Pandavas swelling with might and energy, what behaviour did the Kuru prince Suyodhana adopt towards the Pandavas, thinking it suitable to the hour? I desire to hear all this. Tell me, O foremost of regenerate ones, I am never satiated with listening to the grand feats of my ancestors.” Vaisampayana said, “After the fall of Karna, O king, Dhritarashtra’s son Suyodhana was plunged deep into an ocean of grief and saw despair on every side. Indulging in incessant lamentations, saying, ‘Alas, oh Karna! Alas, oh Karna!’ he proceeded with great difficulty to his camp, accompanied by the unslaughtered remnant of the kings on his side. Thinking of the slaughter of the Suta’s son, he could not obtain peace of mind, though comforted by those kings with excellent reasons inculcated by the scriptures. Regarding destiny and necessity to be all- powerful, the Kuru king firmly resolved on battle. Having duly made Salya the generalissimo of his forces, that bull among kings, O monarch, proceeded for battle, accompanied by that unslaughtered remnant of his forces. Then, O chief of Bharata’s race, a terrible battle took place between the troops of the Kurus and those of the Pandavas, resembling that between the gods and the Asuras. -
World Class Management Based on Mahabharata
WORLD CLASS MANAGEMENT BASED ON MAHABHARATA Catherine Diana A Assistant Professor, Dept. of MBA, Sri Krishna Institute of Management, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India . ABSTRACT— One of the greatest contributions of India to the world is Holy Gita which is the outcome of Mahabharata. The Bhagavad-Gita is preached in the battle fields’ kurukshetra by lord Krishna to Arjuna, as counseling to do his duty, while multitudes of men stood by waiting. Mahabharata has got all the management tactics to achieve the mental equilibrium and to over come any situation. Management has become a part and parcel of everyday life, be it at home, in the office or factory and in government. In all organizations, where a group of human beings assemble for a common purpose, management principles come into play through the management of resources, finance and planning, priorities, policies and practice. Management is a systematic way of carrying out activities in any field of human effort. The modern management concepts of vision, leadership, motivation, excellence in work, achieving goals, giving work meaning, decision making and planning, are all discussed in the Bhagavad-Gita. There is one major difference. While western management thought too often deals with problems at material, external and peripheral levels, the Mahabharata helps to tackles the issues from the grass root level of human thinking. Once the basic thinking of man is improved, it will automatically enhance the quality of his actions and their results. The critical question in all managers’ minds is how to be effective in their job. The answer to this fundamental question is found in Bhagavad-Gita, which repeatedly proclaims that “you must try to manage yourself”. -
(PPMG) Police Medal for Gallantry (PMG) President's
Force Wise/State Wise list of Medal awardees to the Police Personnel on the occasion of Republic Day 2020 Si. Name of States/ President's Police Medal President's Police Medal No. Organization Police Medal for Gallantry Police Medal (PM) for for Gallantry (PMG) (PPM) for Meritorious (PPMG) Distinguished Service Service 1 Andhra Pradesh 00 00 02 15 2 Arunachal Pradesh 00 00 01 02 3 Assam 00 00 01 12 4 Bihar 00 07 03 10 5 Chhattisgarh 00 08 01 09 6 Delhi 00 12 02 17 7 Goa 00 00 01 01 8 Gujarat 00 00 02 17 9 Haryana 00 00 02 12 10 Himachal Pradesh 00 00 01 04 11 Jammu & Kashmir 03 105 02 16 12 Jharkhand 00 33 01 12 13 Karnataka 00 00 00 19 14 Kerala 00 00 00 10 15 Madhya Pradesh 00 00 04 17 16 Maharashtra 00 10 04 40 17 Manipur 00 02 01 07 18 Meghalaya 00 00 01 02 19 Mizoram 00 00 01 03 20 Nagaland 00 00 01 03 21 Odisha 00 16 02 11 22 Punjab 00 04 02 16 23 Rajasthan 00 00 02 16 24 Sikkim 00 00 00 01 25 Tamil Nadu 00 00 03 21 26 Telangana 00 00 01 12 27 Tripura 00 00 01 06 28 Uttar Pradesh 00 00 06 72 29 Uttarakhand 00 00 01 06 30 West Bengal 00 00 02 20 UTs 31 Andaman & 00 00 00 03 Nicobar Islands 32 Chandigarh 00 00 00 01 33 Dadra & Nagar 00 00 00 01 Haveli 34 Daman & Diu 00 00 00 00 02 35 Puducherry 00 00 00 CAPFs/Other Organizations 13 36 Assam Rifles 00 00 01 46 37 BSF 00 09 05 24 38 CISF 00 00 03 39 CRPF 01 75 06 56 12 40 ITBP 00 00 03 04 41 NSG 00 00 00 11 42 SSB 00 04 03 21 43 CBI 00 00 07 44 IB (MHA) 00 00 08 23 04 45 SPG 00 00 01 02 46 BPR&D 00 01 47 NCRB 00 00 00 04 48 NIA 00 00 01 01 49 SPV NPA 01 04 50 NDRF 00 00 00 00 51 LNJN NICFS 00 00 00 00 52 MHA proper 00 00 01 15 53 M/o Railways 00 01 02 (RPF) Total 04 286 93 657 LIST OF AWARDEES OF PRESIDENT'S POLICE MEDAL FOR GALLANTRY ON THE OCCASION OF REPUBLIC DAY-2020 President's Police Medal for Gallantry (PPMG) JAMMU & KASHMIR S/SHRI Sl No Name Rank Medal Awarded 1 Abdul Jabbar, IPS SSP PPMG 2 Gh. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion.