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ASPECTOS DA FONOLOGIA XAVANTE E QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS: RINOGLOTOFILIA E NASALIDADE Wellington Pedrosa Quintino

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ASPECTOS DA FONOLOGIA XAVANTE E QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS: RINOGLOTOFILIA E NASALIDADE Wellington Pedrosa Quintino ASPECTOS DA FONOLOGIA XAVANTE E QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS: RINOGLOTOFILIA E NASALIDADE Wellington Pedrosa Quintino WELLINGTON PEDROSA QUINTINO ASPECTOS DA FONOLOGIA XAVANTE E QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS: RINOGLOTOFILIA E NASALIDADE Tese apresentada ao Programa de Doutorado em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Linguística. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Marília Facó Soares. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO FACULDADE DE LETRAS Fevereiro de 2012 ii Q7a Quintino, Wellington Pedrosa Aspectos da fonologia xavante e questões relacionadas: rinoglotofilia e nasalidade / Wellington Pedrosa Quintino.-- Rio de Janeiro : Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. 2v. : il. ; 28 cm. Tese (doutorado) - apresentada ao Programa de Doutorado em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Linguística. Orientadora: Marília Facó Soares Referências: f.239-258 1.Língua Xavante – Fonologia. 2. Nasalidade (fonética). 3.Línguas indígenas.4.Rinoglotofilia.I.Soares, Marília Facó. II. Título. CDD: 498 A todo o povo da Terra Indígena Xavante de Pimentel Barbosa e Etenhiritipa e, em especial, aqueles do clã Öwawe a que também pertenço, dedico. iv AGRADECIMENTOS À professora Marília Facó Soares, minha orientadora, pelo apoio, disponibilidade e dedicação que sempre teve comigo e por ter contribuído no desenvolvimento de todos os aspectos desse trabalho. Às professoras Cristina Abreu Gomes, Márcia Damaso Vieira, Jaqueline Peixoto e Tânia Clemente de Souza e aos professores Carlos Alexandre e João Morais por terem contribuído para a minha formação acadêmica. Aos professores Bernadete Marques Abaurre, Plínio Barbosa, Wilmar da Rocha D`Angelis e Angel Mori Corbera pelas valiosas conversas. A todos os professores do doutorado de linguística da UFRJ que de uma forma ou de outra contribuíram para a minha formação acadêmica, logo, para a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus amigos a`uwe uptabi Tsuptó Bruprewen Wa’i’ri Xavante e Paulo Suprétaprã Xavante, que viabilizaram meu acesso ao seu mundo e à sua língua. Aos amigos Ary Marinho, Jaqueline Lé, Fátima Barbosa, Sônia Mendes pela amizade incondicional e Fernando Órfão, Gean Damulakis e José Roberto Zambom pelas valiosas discussões. À minha mãe, por seus oitenta e um anos e a toda a minha família, que, mesmo distante, tenho certeza, sempre acreditou em mim. Ao Departamento de Linguística e Filologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, pela recepção. Aos funcionários do Departamento de Linguística e Filologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Laelson da Rocha Luiz, Ângela Balduino, Wilma de Oliveira Garrido, pela gentileza e atenção dispensadas. v Ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, pela recepção. Ao Setor de Linguística do Museu Nacional / UFRJ, pelo espaço institucional voltado para o estudo das línguas indígenas faladas no Brasil. Ao Centro de Documentações de Línguas Indígenas – CELIN / Museu Nacional / UFRJ, através da bibliotecária Lourdes Cristina Araújo Coimbra e ao técnico em preservação documental Adilson Fontenele, pela gentileza e atenção dispensadas. Ao Departamento de Letras da Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, UNEMAT, por ter propiciado o tempo necessário para a minha qualificação. À CAPES, através do seu Programa de Cooperação Acadêmica – PROCAD, pelo apoio financeiro para o doutorado sanduíche no IEL-UNICAMP. Ao CNPq, pela bolsa despendida durante meu doutorado. vi RESUMO QUINTINO, Wellington Pedrosa. Aspectos da fonologia Xavante e questões relacionadas: rinoglotofilia e nasalidade . Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Marília Facó Soares. Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ. 2011. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística). Os Xavante, povo do grupo Akwe n, somam hoje mais de 15.300 indígenas e habitam o nordeste do estado do Mato Grosso. São os principais representantes do ramo central da família Jê, do tronco linguístico Macro-Jê. Em uma análise inicial da fonologia da língua Xavante (Quintino, 2000), por meio dos dados com que contávamos até então, pudemos observar a ocorrência de alguns processos fonológicos que reinterpretamos a partir de novos dados surgidos durante a pesquisa. No âmbito da sílaba, observamos que, especificamente no domínio da Coda , existe uma restrição que proíbe a ocorrência de qualquer estrutura que não seja um dos segmentos: [p], [b] e [m], que ocorrem de forma condicionada neste ambiente, além da palatal [j]. A harmonia nasal é um dos fenômenos fonológicos mais recorrentes nas línguas do mundo. A fonologia gerativa padrão caracterizava esse tipo de assimilação em termos de cópia de traços, de forma que um segmento copiasse as especificações de traço de um segmento vizinho. Pretendemos nesta pesquisa, a partir da descrição inicial dos segmentos que ocupam posição de Onset e Coda , discutir as origens da nasalidade em Xavante a partir da ocorrência de regras de assimilação ou espalhamento como caracterizadas pela Geometria de Traços. Pretendemos também discutir a estreita relação entre o traço de nasalidade e glotalidade, rinoglotofilia, nos termos de Matisoff (1975) e o comportamento do traço [nasal] na língua Xavante. Re-analisamos, para tanto, o status fonológico dos segmentos consonantais nasalizados e dos segmentos vocálicos nasais em Xavante, bem como as restrições estruturais da sílaba nesta língua. Por fim, argumentamos que o comportamento da Coda em Xavante sugeriu uma relação muito mais íntima entre a articulação glotal e o traço de nasalidade – articulação que se mostra intrigantemente produtiva nessa língua e sobre a qual empreendemos uma investigação mais atenta nesta tese. PALAVRAS CHAVES 1. Língua Indígena Xavante; 2. Fonologia; 3. Harmonia Nasal; 4. Rinoglotofilia. vii SUMARY QUINTINO, Wellington Pedrosa. Aspects of the Xavante phonology and related issues: rinoglottophilia and nasality . Advisor: Prof.ª. Dr. Marília Facó Soares. Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ. 2011. Thesis (doctorate in linguistics). The Xavante people belong to the Akwe group and today they are more than 15,300 indigenous and they live on the northeastern side of the State of Mato Grosso, in Brazil. They are the main members of the central branch of the Jê linguistic family, of Macro-Jê branch. In our first analysis of the phonology of Xavante language (Quintino, 2000) we have observed the occurrence of some phonological process that we review after the new data found during the research. Within the syllable, we have observed that, specifically in the Coda domain, there is a constraint which prohibits the occurrence of any structure that is not one of the segments: [p], [b] and [m], which occur so, conditioned in this environment, besides the palatal [j]. Nasal harmony is the most common phonological phenomena in the languages of the world. Standard Generative Phonology characterized this type of assimilation in terms of copy of features, so a segment could copy the specification of feature of a neighboring segment. The aim of this research, from the initial description of threads that occupy Coda position, is to discuss the genesis of nasality in Xavante from based on the occurrence of assimilation rules or spreading as characterized by Feature Geometry. We also discuss the close relationship between the features of nasality and glottality, rinoglottophilia, in the terms of Matisoff (1975), as well as the behavior of these features in the Xavante language. We have also re-analyzed both the phonological status of nasal and nasalized consonantal segments in Xavante, and also the structural constraints of the syllable in this language. Finally we have argued that the Coda behavior in Xavante suggested a much more intimate relationship between the glottal feature and the nasal feature which show themselves as intriguingly productive in that language and over which we have embarked upon a closer research in this thesis. KEY WORDS 1. Xavante Indigenous Language; 2. Phonology; 3. Nasal Harmony; 4. Rinoglottophilia. viii ABREVIAÇÕES, SIGLAS E SÍMBOLOS UTILIZADOS: # : fronteira de palavra PC: Ponto de Consoante ( ): opcionalidade PV: Ponto de Vogal ⎆: acento primário FUT.: futuro « : acento secundário INTS: intensificador INTER: interrogação σ: estrutura silábica MOD: modo *: estrutura não-aceitável N: Núcleo . : fronteira silábica NEG: negação / / : representação fonológica O: Onset [ ] : representação fonética X: posição / unidade de tempo < > : representação gráfica PCO: Princípio do Contorno Obrigatório ~ : alternância fonética ou fonológica PAS: passado ‘ ’ : tradução livre POS: possessivo → : passa a ... PRE: presente Ϯ : língua morta PRO: pronome 1SG: 1ª pessoa singular REL.: prefixo relacional 2SG: 2ª pessoa singular QUANT: quantificador 3SG: 3ª pessoa singular r: raiz (“root”) 1PL: 1ª pessoa plural R: Rima 2PL: 2ª pessoa plural V: vogal 3PL: 3ª pessoa plural O : zero (nulo) Con: consoante CO: Cavidade Oral CL.: consoante de ligação Voc: Vocálico CAA: Contraste em Ambientes Análogos LAR: Laríngeo CAI: Contraste em Ambientes Idênticos Abert: Abertura C: Coda Itálico : citação ipsis litteris CO: Cavidade Oral ix SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................................................13 1.1. DUREIHÃ WASU`U : HISTÓRIA DE ANTIGAMENTE....................................................13 1.2. AHÃNAHÃ WASU`U : HISTÓRIA DE HOJE.......................................................................17 1.3.
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