December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38693 paragraph (4) of this subsection, then under business the interest in which is transferred spect to the income from which a deduction regulations prescribed by the Secretary or his or by the transferor of such interest. for depletion is allowable under section 611 delegate, such sale or other disposition shall "(F) OIL OR GAS DEPLETION PROPERTY DE· (b) ( 1) for domestic crude oil or domestic not result in an increase in the aggregate FINED.-For purposes of this paragraph, the natural gas but only if the underlying min­ exemptions allowed under this subsection term 'oil or gas depletion property• means eral property is capable of producing oil or with respect to oil or gas depletion properties any property interest (including an interest gas in commercial quantities at the date of held on the date of such transfer by such in a partnership, trust or estate) with re- transfer of such property."

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS BAKE A BIGGER PIE step for the immediate term. It holds little considered by the Congress both in past promise or hope for the long pull. years and in this year, and have been It ignores the classic corrective to infla­ rejected. It ts not likely that a Congress HON. JESSE A. HELMS tion: produce more goods and services. For that has thoroughly investigated these OF NbRTH CAROLINA as supplies increase, prices tend to decrease in a reasonably free market. items and voted rejections would re­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES We have been '/ears in building the foun­ verse its findings and enact such taxes Monday, December 9, 1974 dation for our present inflation. or levies without due consideration and We have transferred too many assets from overwhelming proven need. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I wish to the productive to the nonproductive sector. In addition, the President, acting on share with my colleagues a superb edi­ We have discouraged the building of ade­ well-meaning but incomplete advice, torial statement on inflation which ap­ quate capacity through archaic and inade­ quate capital recovery policies. would levy taxes and fees on industries peared in the November 11, 1974, issue that are continuing to perform well in of Industry Week. The author is Mr. We have worked against increasing pro­ ductivity by a massive collection of laws and the face of declining national conditions. Walter J. Campbell, consulting editor of policies that reward the nonproducers just These taxes coud well mean the ditier­ this fine magazine and a distinguished about as well as they reward the producers. ence between survival and failure. citizen of Whispering Pines, N.C. We have permitted restrictive work prac­ I speak specifically to an item of tre­ Our present inflationary crisis, as Mr. tices. We have encouraged incompetence on mendous importance to not only my dis­ Campbell correctly observes, is the result the job. We have dictated that vast sums be trict jn southern California but to the of past mistakes that are being perpetu­ spent on nonproduction equipment. Nation as a whole; namely, aviation­ ated into the future. In particular, we Shouldn't we now be thinking about pro- ducing more? and general aviation in particular. are burdened with an antiquated philoso­ To combat inflation? The President has requested the Con­ phy that is producing fewer goods and To correct shortages? gress to permit the levying of double services. No matter what area of the To build strength? taxes or fees on general aviation. The ra­ economy we examine, we find economic To restore pride? tionale and method proposed have each policies that have brought about a de­ We have proved that we can do it in past been considered, not once, but twice, by cline in the quantity and quality of goods emergencies-when we produced food and the Congress and rejected. and services. fuel and materiel for America and much of the rest of the world. The administration proposes tha·t we Much of our fuel shortage can be at­ Needed are better tools-a will to work­ repeal the congressional limitation tributed to our overzealous interest in and a political philosophy that will give placed in the fiscal 1975 appropriation protectionist considerations that have greater rewards to those who produce useful bill that kept the Department of Trans­ discouraged production. Our businesses, goods and services than to those who only portation from administratively levying both large and small, are tied down by consume. fees for such services and licenses that Federal regulations and controls that the DOT and FAA had required by vir­ discourage competition, efficiency, and tue of their regulatory powers. There is production. Our whole tax system is de­ BUDGET PROPOSALS COULD CRIP­ nothing wrong with charging a nominal signed to punish those who mvest their PLE ECONOMY OF GENERAL AVIA­ fee for administrative costs for Govern­ assets in savings, thus discouraging capi­ TION ment services where a singular benefi­ tal growth. Our Federal Reserve Board ciary can be readily identified and that has pursued a monetary policy that has HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. service is provided for him alone. That is created a situation whereby there is too traditional in Government. But to levy much money going after too few goods OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fees that are not only exorbitant but and services. The list of economic policies are the results of rulemaking and re­ that have given rise to our current spiral Monday, December 9, 1974 quirements ostensibly dictated by the of inflation is seemingly endless. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ need for public safety was and is deemed The solution, of course, does not lie in dent Ford has taken an important and improper by the Congress. further reductions of goods and services, timely step by requesting all Federal The application and fee·schedules pro­ but "in a total rethinking of our present agencies to reduce spending, with the posed are arbitrary and aimed directly system of laws. The major point of Mr. help and guidance of the Congress. Fur­ at recouping costs that are presumably Campbell's editorial is clear enough: ther, the President has proposed a course incurred because the safety of the Not until we return to a general policy of congressional action that will require public at large must be protected by of encouraging economic growth and de­ legislative restraint to aid and assist in permitting only properly designed and velopment will the country regain its reducing the flow of Federal moneys into constructed aircraft to fly through the economic stability. the inflation-sensitive economy. Nation's skies; manned by professional Mr. President, with this in mind I ask The President's program is for wide airmen who have passed exhaustive unanimous consent. that the editorial reduction and rescissions. I would be less training and repetitive flight tests. These by Mr. Campbell be printed in the REC­ than honest if I did not point out to the design, personnel and operating stand­ ORD at the conclusion of my remarks. President that his desire for prompt en­ ards are required to be developed and are There being no objection, the editorial actment in the closing days of the post­ required to be enforced by a Federal was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, election Congress will be almost an im­ agency acting on behalf of the public. as follows: possible task. Another regulatory agency attempted BAKE A BIGGER PIE The legislative process requires due such arbitrary recoupment and was re­ (By Walter J. Campbell) process in all but the most dire national cently rebuffed in the highest court. We are hearing a great deal about cutting emergencies, and no matter how in­ Congress has twice thoroughly investi­ consumption to combat inflation. About creasingly troubled the economic signs using less. About taxing more to discourage gated this possible fee structure and use. become, it would appear unrealistic to ex­ turned it down. i believe that it is un­ We are hearing too little about producing pect this outgoing Congress to take ac­ fortunate that the administration would more. About increasing capacity. About im­ tions of the magnitude requested in this include this method in its proposal when proving productivity. About discovering al­ worthwhile program. there are other more effective alterna­ ternatives for scarce items. In addition, the required legislative tives. Cutting consumption may be a necessary action includes items that have been As a member of the Interstate and 38694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 Foreign Commerce Committee, which service stations at others. The decision provided 250 millions of dollars in bal­ has been charged with responsibility for to install these facilities and man them ance-of-payment credits from export of aviation affairs, I realize that the equi­ with Federal employees was and is a aircraft, engines and spare parts to the table payment of reasonable fees by the Federal decision based on Federal anal­ world's general aviation market. users of our Nation's airports and air­ ysis that public safety required govern­ Airport landing fees levied by the air­ way system has long been an important mental control. At some airports, radar is port operator are normal business pro­ consideration. Like all of our national also installed to permit traffic separation cedures and should be supported and transportation systems, our airspace in any kind of weather. Such separation should not be accidentally or deliberately system is one of the greatest in the standards also result from Government negated by ill-timed Federal legislation, world. It was essentially developed by decision. It should be pointed out that no matter how well meaning. Federal plan and through financing from since the creation of the Aviation Trust I respectfully submit to my colleagues the public treasury until 1970 when the Fund in 1970, the expense of purchase, and to the President that time still per­ system needed substantial modernization installation, and construction of these mits a thoughtful review of this great to handle the steadily increasing num­ facilities has been paid from the fuel or industry. It would be improper and in­ bers of aircraft. Then a moderate, but excise taxes contributed into the trust competent folly, if untimely legislative still considerable tax levy was enacted fund by the passengers of the airlines action would be substituted for good that, by congressional plan, resulted in and owners of the general aviation air­ management within our Government. the system. craft. To insure that these funds were ex­ The administration now proposes that pended for the purposes intended, the a "departure" tax be levied on general Congress in 1970 created an Aviation aviation operators only. This tax would THE HEALTH SYSTEM NEEDS PHI­ Trust Fund and limited expenditures be collected for takeoffs from airports LANTHROPY NOW MORE THAN from the trust fund to well-defined ob­ having a federally installed and operated EVER jectives and projects. The administration control tower. If the airport had radar within a year attempted to take advan­ assist service as well as a tower, the fee HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER tage of what it considered as a loophole would be doubled. in the legislation to expend large sums of There are, unfortunately, two things OF PENNSYLVANIA money from the trust fund for FAA's op­ basically wrong with this proposal: First, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES erating expenses. After in-depth hear­ it seeks to charge for a service that a Monday, December 9, 1974 ings, Congress reaffirmed its decision that Federal agency decided should be pro­ Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, on operating expenses were the responsibil­ vided and on which it in turn set the November 19, 1974, Dr. Charles C. Ed­ ity of the FAA and subject to the normal price and cost, and second, it proposes a wards, Assistant Secretary for Health of budgetary process. The use of trust fund method of discriminatory taxation the Department of Health, Education, money for maintenance and operations against only one segment of aviation. and Welfare, spoke at a dinner honoring was denied the FAA by legislative action, This is based on an inadequate study the trustees and leaders in philanthropy through amendment in 1971 to the Air­ made by the Department of Transporta­ of the Presbyterian-University of Penn­ ports and Airways Act. tion. on which the Congress has taken no sylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia. Now, the President has, once again, re­ action. His subject was the need to continue quested the use of trust fund moneys for In enacting the Airways Act in 1970, private philanthropy in health, even maintenance and operating expenses. Congress requested the DOT to make a after national health insurance is en­ But, it is now 4 years later and much of study of the system to determine its con­ acted. As he said: the modernization that the Congress in­ tribution to public benefit and value to I think I appreciate, as well as anyone sisted upon has been accomplished and a the Nation, and to determine the nature does, the irreplaceable loss that the health surplus of several hundred million dollars and amounts of other benefits accruing care syst.em would suf!er i! National Health is accumulating. to the system's users. Insurance brought an end to the tremendous It is entirely possible that some of this This study, called the Aviation Cost rewards that accrue from the voluntary do­ money can now be made available but in Allocation Study, was accomplished nation of funds and personal energy in the view of past congressional experience, largely by contract economists and after spirit of philanthropy. Such a loss might be this should be considered only with the countless delays was submitted to the calculated in dollars, but it would be re­ flected in research not carried out, services tightest of safeguards and then only after Congress only partially complete. Its not provided, and innovations not exploited. extensive public hearings and assurances findings are patently biased and gross In short, the loss of philanthropy would hit from the administration. Here, I believe attempts to use it as a basis for raising hard at the very places where our health time will deter the President in terms of funds uncontrolled by the Congress are care system is in most need of creativity and action by this Congress. apparent throughout. Perhaps, the most freedom, in the places where new ideas and The great airway system that moves 80 telling description of its inadequacy has new approaches to old problems can lead to percent of the people who travel more been the Department of Transportation's needed change. than 300 miles, consists in its simplest failure to submit any recommendations I agree with that statement. Last year form, of a series of airways connecting for the legislation based on the study's nearly $4 billion was given to the health strategically placed airports. A relative findings. field by private philanthropy. The Pres­ handful of large hub airports are near Besides an unbelievable determination byterian-University of Pennsylvania our larger cities, but more importantly, that no unique public benefit exists Medical Center benefited last year from some 12,000 smaller airports are scattered from the Nation's airway system, the $1.8 million in private philanthropy and throughout the country. These airports study includes various alternate from untold hours in voluntary service to are not served by commercial air carriers methods to recover from the direct users the center. I would like to note that one and rely on privately owned aircraft, air 100 percent of the FAA's budget. One of the finest citizen leaders was honored taxi service, and some air commuter ser­ method is the levying of landing fees on that evening for his philanthropic and vices. general aviation only at airports having voluntary efforts. Paul J. Cupp, the chair­ This is true general aviation. The busi­ control towers. man of the board of trustees of the nessman is carried to the rural factory The administration has taken that center, was given the Ephriam D. Saun­ by the company aircraft. In 1973, almost portion-a discriminatory alternative-­ ders Award for his exceptional service, 40 percent of the flights of the country's and offered it as a fund-raising device for the highest honor the center can bestow. 40,000 business aircraft were for the pur­ emergency consideration by the Con­ Mr. Cupp, the retired chairman of Ameri­ pose of transporting businessmen to in­ gress. In view of the past investigations can Stores, Inc., has given much time terconnect flights at an airport served by by the Congress and the existing studies and energy not only to the center, but to an airline or to pick them up and carry being conducted toward revision of the Philadelphia and the State of Pennsyl­ them to a city without air carrier service. Airports-Airways Act, I find it difficult to vania. To insure that this amount and kind of believe that my colleagues will endorse It is because of such philanthropic and air traffic can flow safely and uninter­ such shallow proposals when there are volunteer efforts, and the benefits that rupted, the FAA has installed control more substantive alternatives than in­ come to our Nation as a result, that I towers ait many airports and flight creasing the taxes on an industry that support the continuation of private December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38695 philanthropy in our health care system. health enterprise. They believe that the benefits to be covered, the financing scheme, So that my colleagues may have the private sector is unable or unwilling realis­ controls on cost and utilization, and other benefit of reading the excellent state- · tically to address the major problems facing critically important questions the answers the health care system and to find reason­ to which will shape not just the insurance ment of Dr. Edwards, I ask unanimous able answers to a host of questions like those plan, but the entire health care system fo:F co.1.1sPnt that the speech be printed in the I mentioned a moment ago. years to come. RECORD. Unfortunately, I think we all have to ad­ But without intending to discount the There being no objection, the speech mit that there has been a failure of leader­ importance of these issues, I would suggest was ordered to be printed in the ship in the American health enterprise. There that there are some other, more subtle, fac­ RECORD, as follows: has been a tendency for the system simply tors that simply must not be overlooked in to drift--to expand without a plan for or­ the rush to devise a health insurance plan THE HEALTH SYSTEM NEEDS PHILANTHROPY derly growth, to adopt new techniques and that Congress will enact and the President Now MORE THAN EVER procedures without knowing whether they will sign into law. (By Charles C. Edwards, M.D.) are effective and beneficial, and to regard One of those factors, of course, is the im­ I am delighted and honored to join with virtually unrestrained increases in the cost pact of national health insurance on phi­ you this evening in recognition of the indi­ of health care as inevitable. lanthropy, an issue that very deeply concerns viduals and organizations whose generosity I am not suggesting that the problem is both the donors and the recipients of the continues to play a vital part in expanding entirely the fault of the private sector. On nearly $4 billion that is contributed to the the Presbyterian Medical Center's service to the contrary, I would be the first to admit health care system by those of you gathered this community and to the Nation. that the public sector-most especially the here this evening and countless others I choose the word vital deliberately, know­ Congress and the Federal health enterprise-­ throughout the country. ing quite well that there are those who be­ has had a poor record of leadership, and has As I said earlier, there is a measure of lieve that philanthropy has a very short fu­ been a major contributor to many of the logic in the rather dire prediction that na­ ture in the American health system, that the problems that are now of great concern to tional health insurance will sharply reduce-­ certain arrival of national health insurance us all. if not in fact eliminate-philanthropy in the will mark the certain departure of volun­ We face very serious problems of specialty health field. From a purely economic point tary giving to Presbyterian and to all the maldistribution at least partly because Fed­ of view, the need for philanthropy might other health institutions large and small eral support of biomedical research has seem to disappear when a national health than have benefited from philanthropy drawn large numbers of medical students and insurance scheme assures institutions like throughout the long history of this country. physicians in to highly specialized careers, Presbyterian full reimbursement for all ac­ Let me just say that while I understand rather than in to the primary care fields. In tivities asociated with patient care. the thinking behind that prognosis, I also the pursuit of scientific excellence we have But such reasoning, in my judgment, ls understand the major and undiminished lost sight of the goal of meeting basic health both narrow and shortsighted. It equates need for philanthropy in the health field. care needs. philanthropy with charity. And it fails to And I think I appreciate, as well as anyone We find inadequate attention to preven­ recognize that all great medical centers­ does, the irreplaceable loss that the health tive health care and inappropriate utilization and even many hospitals of more modest care system would suffer if national health of hospitals at least partly because programs scope-are able to undertake projects and insurance brought an end to the tremen­ like Medicare and Medicaid-as well as pri­ programs only because generous organiza­ dous rewards that accrue from the voluntary vately financed health insurance-are de­ tions and individuals are willing and able to donation of funds and personal energy in signed to pay more generously for inpatient provide the necessary funds. the spirit of philanthropy. services than for outpatient care. Furthermore, the kind of activities made Such a loss might be calculated in dollars, So if the health care system has suffered possible through philanthropic donations but it would be reflected in research not car­ from a failure of leadership-and there can and private grants are likely to represent in­ ried out, services not provided, and innova­ be little doubt that it has-then both the novations, in both research and services, for tions not exploited. public and the private sectors are at fault. which Federal dollars are often not avail­ In short, the loss of philanthropy would And clearly, we will have little success in able. hit hard at the very places where our health solving the problems facing the health care It is well for all of us to remember-and ca.re system is most in need of creativity and system unless and until all of us accept the I mean those of us in the public sector as freedom, in the places where new ideas responsibility to provide quality leadership well as in the private sector-that govern­ and new approaches to old problems can lead that the entire system can follow in the ment is seldom at the leading edge of to needed change. best sense of pluralism. change. On the contrary, government, by And without the capacity for change, the And moreover, I think the very real test tradition if not by necessity, is more likely health care system-a system that has many of leadership-perhaps the final test for pri­ to reflect than to produce social change. of its deepest and firmest roots in this city­ vate leadership-will come with the develop­ In my own view, this is as it should be. would be in grave danger. ment, enactment, and implementation of a By and large, I think, the public's money All of us, of course, recognize that there system of national health insurance. is best used to exploit proven advances in are profound changes occurring in the Despite the dubious assertion by some the provision of social services-including health care system-in every facet of the spokesmen for organized medicine that the health care--and to seek new knowledge· in system from fundamental research to the American people place a rather low priority problem areas that have a major impact on delivery and financing of services. And at on national health insurance, it seems ob­ individuals and society. every point along that continuum, those vious that this Nation will shortly establish Moreover, at a time when Federal spending of us who have some measure of responsibil­ a financing system that will assure every is under extremely tight restrictions, it is ity-in either the public or the private citizen an opportunity to obtain health in­ all the more appropriate that tax dollars be sector-are faced with countless difficult surance coverage. spent where they have the greatest likeli­ choices, each of which will have very far­ As I am sure you know, the momentum hood of yielding tangible results. And this, reaching consequences. toward adoption of an insurance scheme is as I am sure you can appreciate, makes it For example- erratic to say the least. At times within the all the more difficult for Federal health pro­ What is the proper and most productive past year even the most cautious observers grams to provide support for unproved ven­ balance between targeted research and re­ were predicting enactment of national health tures that necessarily involve a substantial search that is not directed toward a spe­ insurance within a matter of weeks. At other risk of failure. cific objective? times the prospects for enactment at this What this means, of course, is that both Should this country continue to depend session of Congress were judged to be nil. national health insurance and tight Federal on the influx of foreign medical graduates Now, I think, it is reasonable to conclude health budgets tend to make philanthropy to meet its physician manpower needs? that there is not enough time left for the an increasingly vital and important source How can we bring greater competition to 93rd Congress to work out the compromises of funds for the health care system-the the organization and delivery of services and agree on the specifics of a comprehen­ kind of venture capital than can point the without sacrificing quality or freedom of sive health insurance plan, and I think that way to significant change in the whole health choice? this major and sweeping piece of legislation care system. And perhaps the most crucial question will have to await the arrival of the new I understand that an effort is being made of the moment--how can we control the Congress in January. Indeed, it may be rather to insure that whatever form national health rising cost of health care through voluntary late in the session before final action is insurance may take, the law will reflect a action without curtailing access to neces­ taken on a national health insurance bill. desire to preserve the place of philanthropy, sary services? But clearly, health insurance will be very rather than diminish it. I support the goal It is tempting for some in the health in­ high on the list of priorities for the 94th of such efforts, because I think the loss of dustry to believe that such questions can Congress, just as it is one of the principal private philanthropy would work tremen­ and should be answered only by government domestic initiatives of the Ford administra­ dous, and perhaps irreparable, hardships on policy makers. tion. the health care system and on the people Certainly, there are a number of spokes­ I suppose inevitably discussions about na­ served by it. men-in the Congress and elsewhere-who tional health insurance tend to focus on a The rush to adopt a system of national maintain that government is the only pos­ number of key issues-the cost, both to in­ health insurance unquestionably comes in sible source of leadership for the American . dividuals and to the Nation, the kind of response to a very real and a very urgent 38696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 need. Tens of millions of Americans have UNITED STATES AND THE REPUB- maybe they can force their prophecies to either no insurance protection whatever or LIC OF VIETNAM come true. are covered inadequately by plans that foster Third anti-Vietnam lobbyists say they expensive and inappropriate use of the Na­ do not ~ant an anti-democratic regime. tion's limited health resources. HON. BEN B. BLACKBURN While the government of South Viet­ But in seeking to correct these defects, I OF GEORGIA nam-GVN-is not a model of liberal th!nk it is imperative that the leadership of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES democracy, it. looks very good indeed the health establishment-public and pri­ Monday, December 9, 1974 when compared with North Vietnam, vate-guard against devising a system that which is a Communistic totalitarian might inadvertently create new problems and Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, in dictatorship. Two brief comparisons may make old ones worse. recent well-concerted activities by the To foreclose private philanthropy would be illustrate the point. anti-Vietnam lobby in our Nation's Capi­ In South Vietnam, there are 16 Viet­ a grave mistake. tal, and in some elements of the media, namese language papers of which 13 are To add materially to the demand for health a number of gross distortions have been classified either as "independent" or services Without making certain that the advanced. Same of those distortions are "opposition" papers. There is some cen­ system can respond would be a grave mis­ related to the nature of governments in take. sorship in the name of national security, Southeast Asia, particularly to the na­ which is understandable considering the And to institute an insurance system that ture of the Government of the Republic had no effective mechanisms for cost con­ fact that the country is in a state of war. of Vietnam, a number of so-called po­ Nonetheless, reading the Saigon press tainment and quality assurance would be litical p1isoners in Vietnam, censorship, a grave mistake. suggests that newspapers can and do, corruption, and persecution of political and sometimes vigorously, crit­ I am confident that many people within opposition. regularly and outside the Federal government are well icize the government and its policies. Critics of aid for the Republic of Viet­ Opposition candidates can compete aware of these considerations. But I am nam refuse to face the realities of their equally sure that it will take the best and and win elections in South Vietnam Position. They talk of cease-fire viola­ which are held as constitutionally sched­ most enlightened leadership of the entire tions by both sides and especially place health industry to design a responsible health uled. President Thieu's supporters did insurance system, and once it is adopted, to the responsibility for it on the govern­ not control a majority in the Senate make it work. ment in Saigon. Yet, the major viola­ from 1967 to 1973. A mere 40 of the 119 Clearly, these are times in American life tions are those committed by the Com­ candidates seeking reelection to the when our institutions and our capacity for munist regulars from the north and a lower house in 1971 were returned by wise and purposeful action are being seri­ few of their supporters from the south. the voters. The 1971 presidential elec­ ously tested. The North Vietnamese Communists have tion was uncontested only because both increased their troop strength in the If the events of recent months show us Nguyen Cao Ky and Duong Van ("Bi~") anything, it is that the American people will south since the cease-fire. At the time Ming chose to withdraw after havmg not accept leadership that sacrifices the pub­ of the Paris peace agreement, they had qualified for the race. In most recent pro­ lic interest to any other objective, real or 160,000 regular troops on the ten-itory vincial elections in Quang Tri Province, imagined. The people of this country are de­ of the Republic of Vietnam. Now, they the opposition was able to obtain ma­ manding a new quality of leadership, one in have 210,000 troops. They have attacked jority representation in the local admin­ which they can put their trust. And they de­ South Vietnamese citizens, destroyed istration. mand it of those of us who are leaders in schools, hospitals, and whole villages, re­ The contrast in North Vietnam is clear. the health field no less than of those who fused to allow the International Com­ All newspapers are owned and controlled occupy the highest offices in the land. mission for Control and Supervision to by the government and are always favor­ All of us will be judged by future genera­ investigate treaty violations in Commu­ able to it. All candidates for the Na­ tions on our ability to act decisively at a nist zones, and failed to designate points tional Assembly must be approved by the time of great trial and great opportunity. of entry to permit inspection of incom­ Communist Party. In the four elections I would hope that the judgment of his­ ing military supplies. They have de­ that have been held at irregular intervals tory finds that we were able to marshal the ployed. 700 Soviet-made tanks, built a since 1946, not a single Member of the will to lead and summon the courage to act, pipeline reaching the Saigon environs to not in the sure and certain knowledge that National Assembly has ever been keep Hanoi's trucks and tanks refueled. defeated. everything we do will be right, but knowing In addition to 1,600 antiaircraft guns, that if we fail to accept the challenge to lead The continued loyalty of the mili­ they have introduced 35 regular North tary-at all levels-to the South Viet­ and the mandate to act, we will have lost Communist units equipped with SA-2 the chance to do either. namese Government, the increased sup­ missile launchers and the hand-held port by the peasant masses-roughly a In our zeal to cope with the great problems SA-7 missiles. facing American society-problems in health, million of whom have gained title to In his most recent report to the Secre­ their lands since 1970, and the decline in economics, in the physical environment, tary of Defense, James R. Schlesinger, and indeed in the ethical environment of of urban opposition testify to the prefer­ Maj. John Murray, recently retired U.S. ence of South Vietnamese voters for their our Nation-I earnestly hope that we as a defense attache in Saigon, states: people never lose sight of the tremendous limited democracy rather than Com­ North Vietnamese troops have had two munist control by the North. contribution that private individuals are able years to build up their supply of arms. Their and willing to make toward the solution of ammunition stockpiles are up. Today, with­ The most current political moves in our problems. out question, Hanoi has by far the strongest, the Republic of Vietnam including the It is too easy, I think, to look to govern­ best-positioned and best-supported mllltary demonstration by the opposition and cer­ ment and to conclude that these great na­ machine it has ever fielded in South Vietnam. tain leadership among the Catholics tional issues can only be met by similarly certify two important facts. North Vietnamese Communists have One that peaceful demonstration and great and impersonal national endeavors. 120 tons of supplies stockpiled in the Certainly the major and critical problems constitutionally guaranteed political ac­ northern half of the Republic of Vietnam tions can be freely carried out. facing the United States do command the and another 40,000 tons stored away in best efforts that government can muster. But Two the majority of those demon­ the south of the country. stratin'.g-the Catholic anticorruption they will not be solved unless the American Each of these violates explicit pro­ people, and especially those who are willing movement under the leadership of visions of the Paris Peace Agreements. Father Tran Huu Thanh-is on record and able to make substantial contributions No comparable violations can be legiti­ of their time and resources, are given every that the purpose of their movement is opportunity to contribute to the tasks at mately charged against the Republic of to eliminate elements of corruption in hand. Vietnam. order to improve the efficiency of the I trust that the dependence on government Second, critics say that more aid nation's anti-Communist struggle. will never be so great, or the capabilities of means throwing good money aeer bad I would urge my colleagues to resist government so misunderstood. as to deny since South Vietnam cannot survive any­ cuts in aid to South Vietnam. To cut the the service that individual private citizens way. But, these are the same critics who aid package to South Vietnam is to en­ can make to the strength and welfare of all predicted the Government would collapse courage the aggression and the Com­ the American people. as soon as American troops left in March munist dictatorship of the North, to sup­ Thank you very kindly. of 1973. If they block aid long enough, port adequate aid is to at least make the December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38697 continued development of democracy hundreds of more long-range artillery pieces, award movie contest, winning second thousands of more anti-aircraft troops with possible. sophisticated Russian furnished weaponry, place in its field. Kodak in turn entered At this point, I insert in the RECORD an and a massively improved logistic base. The the fllm in the CINE award contest, in editorial from the Des Moines Register South Vietnamese have fought these formi­ which it competed with thousands of of October 16, 1974, regarding American dable forces and won. films made in the United States and Can­ support of SVN and a letter to the editor In the Delta the ARVN cleaned the enemy ada. As part of the CINE program, the by John E. Murray, major general, USA, out of the Seven Mountain area. Something prize-winning film was then shown in retired, former Attache in Vietnam, that we did not do. They also took back Tri 64 different European and Asian film which deal with the current posture of Phap, a traditional enemy stronghold in the Delta that we did not take. And in enemy festivals last summer as representative South Vietnam: division-sized attacks at Quang Due, north of the abilities and attitudes of young PENTAGON "SCARE TALK" HIT of Saigon in the Iron Triangle and southwest people in the United States. "No matter what happens in South Viet­ of Danang in the Thuong Due, they have I believe that these young women not nam now, no matter what the Pentagon says, fought successful bloody division-sized only deserve the recognition accorded the United States is not going back into the battles. them by CINE; they also deserve the ad­ Vietnam war. The question is not what they can do. The miration and gratitude of all Americans. "Yet Deputy Secretary of Defense William question ls what we do. We could not ask for better ambassadors Clements returned from an inspection trip As Secretary Schlesinger has pointed out, than these seven talented girls. In de­ to South Vietnam and told a press conference all the support they need is less than 2 % Oct. 8 that U.S. air and naval forces might of what it cost us to support the war when livering their own unique message of have to go back if North Vietnam launches we were over there. understanding and brotherhood, they a major offensive. And as Secretary Schlesinger has pointed spoke simply but very eloquently for all "That would be alarming if anyone took out, all that the Congress is meagerly fur­ of us. it seriously. Nobody did. President Ford held nishing is an amount for the entire year, to a press cqnference the next day and no one support this major war, that was spent in asked alllout it. Editors ran the Clements one week on the Yom Kippur fracas. Which RETIRED LABOR LEADER NEW story small and inconspicuous. Few broad­ we supported quickly with our funds. MAYOR OF YANKEE TOWN cast news programs mentioned it. Where are our principles? Why, on the one ". . • If Thieu's million-man forces can­ hand, should we selectively support with not take care of themselves against a fourth fervor one small country attacked by com­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD munist arms. And drop the support in a or a third as many North Vietnamese and OF PENNSYLVANXA Viet Cong, 'Vietnamization' has been a :flop, country also attacked by communist arms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as direct u~ s. combat action was. for over two decades. Can it be that our prin­ "Going back in would be throwing good ciples are sliced off thinly by a time machine? Monday, December 9, 1974 money after bad, throwing in more Ameri­ They don't endure? can lives in addition to the 50,000 squandered Another failure of fact in your editorial. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. for nothing in 1961-73, losing new prisoners The allegation that the Pentagon talk is "in Mr. Speaker, keeping fish from water of war. hope of frightening the North Vietnamese." probably is only slightly more difficult "Pentagon talk of going back in is just As one with some acquaintance with both than keeping labor leaders out of politics. scare talk, in hope of frightening the North unrivaled perplexities-the Pentagon and the North Vietnamese-may I say there is When Pittsburgh area labor leader, Vietnamese. For the United States is not not that kind of hope in the Pentagon. Only Joe Sabel, retired from his post of presi­ seriously intended. It would be a political the certain knowledge that the North Viet­ dent of Local 590, Amalgamated Food impossiblity." namese, like all Vietnamese, a.re not fright­ Employees, and his post as head of the ened easily-least of all by talk. Allegheny County Labor Council, he OCTOBER 29, 1974. JOHN E. MURRAY, headed south to Yankee Town, Fla., for The EDITOR, Major General, USA (ret.). a well-deserved rest. Des Moines Register, Yet a dispute over blasting by a local Des Moines, Iowa. Sm: Your editorial of the 16th of October developer led him back to the "front was premature by 15 days. It masked so lines," representing the interests of citi­ much it should have been written on Hal­ BALDWINSVILLE, N.Y., STUDENTS zens who he felt were being abused. loween. WIN INTERNATIONAL FILM His successful efforts led his neighbors It said that no one is taking seriously the AWARD to support Joe Sabel in the recent conditions in Vietnam because no one in the mayoral race. He won and now is the press corps asked President Ford the next mayor of Yankee Town, population 1,000. day about Mr. Clements' (Deputy Assistant HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH I would like to introduce into the REC­ Secretary of Defense) statement on South OF NEW YORK ORD at this time a newspaper article dis­ Vietnam. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They dldn't because the day Mr. Clements cussing the new career of my old and spoke the press at once asked his boss, the Monday, December 9, 1974 good friend Joe Sabel: Secretary of Defense, Mr. Schlesenger about FORMER AREA UNION LEADER-"RETmED" SABEL it. Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, I learned YANKEE TOWN'S NEW MAYOR In a news conference on October 2, the only recently that, on November 21, seven PENN HILLs.-Former Penn Hills labor Secretary answered in his usual candid man­ young women from Baldwinsville, N.Y., leader Joseph Saibel didn't forget much of ner, with facts so hard that they may have were honored here in Washington for what he learned a.bout politics during his been too indigestible for others to assimilate. their outstanding achievements in ama­ many years of effort in both local and state­ Also, your statement that "Thieu's million­ teur film production. Receiving an Eagle wide political affairs. man forces cannot take care of themselves Award, the highest award given by the Word reached the community last week against a fourth or a third as many North Council for International Nontheatrical that Sabel, the retired president of Local 590, Vietnamese and Viet Cong", is again, entirely Events-CINE-were Jane Abbott, Amalgamated Food Employees Union and wrong. Joanne Bultman, Amy Pitcher, Loren former head of the Allegheny County Labor The forces that North Vietnam now field Council, was elected mayor of Yankee Town, are stronger, by far, than any that the U.S. Redfoot, Shelly Robinson, Sue Towlson, Fla., in that community's municipal elec­ Forces faced when we had over half a mil­ and Nancy Wood. More than a year ago tion on Oct. 29. lion men backed by B-52's, F-lll's, aircraft these girls, all of whom are now 12 years Yankee Town is a community of some carriers, navy gun fire and the field mobllity old, formed a film club called Palmer's 1,00-0 people and Sabel polled 30 percent of of the U.S. Army and U.S. Marines. Filmmakers at Palmer Elementary the vote. No primary is held in Yankee Town As a fact the combat forces-about 13 School in Baldwinsville and produced the elections, so all candidates run in the gen­ Divisions-of the North Vietnamese in South film "Black and White." The movie is eral election. Vietnam, match the total number of Divi­ an animation of a popular song of the In addition to his own victory, three of sions of the South Vietnamese. And what's Sabel's five running mates for city council more, the North Vietnamese have a half­ same name which has successfully fos­ were elected and a fourth lost by only a few dozen Divisions in Reserve in North Vietnam. tered an increased racial understanding votes. To say that "Vietnamization has been a among young people throughout the Na­ The opposition forces have been in office :flop" ... is blatantly unfair. The proof is to tion. in Yankee Town for the past 50 years. the contrary. We pulled out % million men While he became a fulltime resident of the with all our properly vaunted modern mili­ Although they made the film for their community only last November, Sabel and tary capability, and the ARVN found with own pleasure and for the entertainment his late wife lived there as parttime residents unusual gallantry against the increasingly of their fell ow students, it soon won na­ for several years. Soon after he moved there formidable North Vietnamese who now·have . tional : recognition in Kodak's teenage permanently he became involved in a Yankee 38698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 Town citizen dispute over a developer who he believed in the value of having direct his speech of December 2, 1974, CoNGREs­ was blasting nearby and allegedly causing In damage to home foundations and walls. contact with the soldiers. addition, SIONAL RECORD, S37698, the Senator re­ Sabel eventually became the leader of the General Cartwright originated a library ported that- developer's opponents and led a successful along with college courses taught by ac­ As of June 30, 1972, four oil companies court fight. The victory apparently boosted credited teachers. controlled 92.3 percent of the uncommitted him into the Yankee Town mayoralty race. After having been stationed as con­ gas reserves onshore in Southern Louisiana, While a resident of Penn Hills and head troller for the U.S. Army in Europe, 100 percent of the Federal and State offshore of the Food Employees Union, politics be­ General Cartwright retired at the end of uncommitted reserves in the Texas Gulf and came a constant concern of Sabel's. He served August 1974, with 32 years of service. 80 percent in the Permian Basin. as deputy secretary of labor during the state administrations of Governor George Leader According to him, each decade in which The Senator also provided a table and David Lawrence prior to his election as he served reflected different behavior. sh0wing that for the major natural gas president of Local 590. When he entered, a segregated Army producing areas, there was an eight-firm Locally he was instrumental in Pete existed followed later by the formation concentration of ownership of uncom­ Flaherty's successful campaign for mayor of of a separate but equal Army. Upon pro­ mitted .reserves ranging between 74.9 to Pittsburgh in 1969, but last year he opposed motion to brigadier general, an inte­ 100 percent. Clearly, Mr. Speaker, there Flaherty's re-election. grated, undiscriminating force prevailed is no true competition in this industry. Now he is a winner in his own right and where men and women are judged solely This industry will behave as monopolies apparently launching a new career in politics even though he is retired. upon their abilities. always do-restrict supply and keep Upon retirement, "a span of employ­ prices high. ment as a civilian and then retirement According to a highly critical General to a weekend farm on the Eastern Shore Accounting Office report of September of Maryland," was planned. He was em­ 13, 1974, the FPC has had no idea wheth­ SALUTE TO A GOOD SOLDIER ployed by the National Petroleum Council er its past rate increases have resulted in in Washington; but his final destination additional flows of gas. Said the GAO: to that Maryland farm was terminated The limited evidence available suggests HON. JAMES R. JONES by the will of God, to leave behind the that the estimates of the volumes of gas OF OKLAHOMA only survivors-his memory and loved to be delivered [as a result of emergency IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ones. higher prices] provided the FPC varies sub­ stantially from the volumes of gas actually Monday, December 9, 1974 delivered. The table below compares the esti­ Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, mates received by FPC with the actual vol­ HIGHER NATURAL GAS PRICES DO umes delivered under the 180 day emergency Brig. Gen. Roscoe C. Cartwright, a for­ NOT MEAN MORE SUPPLIES sales program. In every case that data was mer Tulsan and second black general in available, the actual volume was less than U.S. history, was killed along with his what had been estimated, as follows (note wife, Gloria, in a Trans World Airlines HON. CHARLES A. YANIK that the 180-day emergency sales price was approximately the price now established on jetliner crash in Virginia Sunday, De­ OF OHIO cember 1. We have lost a man who, in­ a regular basis by the FPC's action of De­ deed, had the capacity to act on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cember 4th): problems of minority groups and solve Monday, December 9, 1974 them with distinction. Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, on Decem­ Estimated volume Actual volume reported to FPC (in delivered (in Having been promoted in August 1971, ber 4, the Federal Power Commission million cubic feet) million cubic feet) Difference to brigadier general in the U.S. Army at announced that it was, in essence, de­ the age 52, he stated that he was "proud controlling natural gas prices. New gas 1, 080, 000 716 1, 079, 284 and happy to be a member of the rather will be sold for 50 cents per thousand 54, 000 4, 300 49, 700 exclusive club" of black generals. This cubic feet regardless of its cost of pro­ 5, 400, 000 900, 000 4, 500, 000 54, 000 25, 000 29, 000 being one of the "crowning moments" of duction. Old gas, regardless of its cost of 270, 000 90, 000 180, 000 his career, General Cartwright, as a production or the number of years it has 540, 000 78, 242 461, 758 leader of black America, stated that "op­ been producing, will be sold at the new 270, 000 9, 149 260, 851 portunity is there for the black youth price once the present contracts expire. 7, 668, 000 1, 107, 407 8, 560, 593 who is willing to take the initiative." This is a devastating blow to the Born in Kansas City and raised in American consumer. This insult, follow­ Note: On the basis of the volumes presented above and the Tulsa, General Cartwright was grad­ ing on the injury of windfall oil profits, prices at which the gas was sold, the estimated weighted uated from Washington High School will diminish the consumer buying power average price was 53.5 cents per million cubic feet whereas the actual weighted average price was 54.4 cents per million cubic in 1936. While attending Kansas of all Americans. It will contribute to the feet. · State College of Pittsburgh, he was deepening recession as additional billions drafted in January 1941, to serve in are shifted from consumer markets to Another important point for us to the Army when America entered World the coffers of the oil and natural gas keep in mind is the similar deregulation War II. However, with continued effort, industries. in "old" oil prices of last year. That he attended San Francisco State College, The Federal Power Commission has step was taken to supposedly increase gr&.duating with a bachelor of arts in so­ betrayed its trust. It should either be the incentive to produce American oil. cial science and business administration. abolished and a new regulatory body It was meant to increase domestic sup­ In 1966, he was graduated from the Uni­ with a more definite mandate estab­ plies. The actual result was that the oil versity of Missouri at Kansas Cit~r with a lished, or its Commissioners impeached companies now produce less oil-700,000 master's in business administration. for violation of the law. The Commis­ barrels per day less-than they did be­ After Vietnam, he was graduated from sion has long been infiltrated and sub­ fore the oil deregulation. the Industrial College of the Armed verted by representatives of the energy A very excellent study by the Library Forces at Washington, D.C., with honors. industry. They are shackled to the indus­ -0f Congress for Congressman JOHN A veteran of three wars, General Cart­ tries they are supposed to regulate. They Moss made several of these facts clear. wright has received numerous decora­ are parrots of the industry line. It says that the new oil price, high tions which include three Bronze Stars, The Commission has said it is taking enough "to foster oil production on the three Air Medals, and two Legions of this action in order to encourage more lunar surface," has not helped us pre­ Merit. In Vietnam, he received the Viet­ gas production. Mr. Speaker, the FPC serve la.st year's level of output. namese Cross of Gallantry with Silver has no idea whether this de facto dereg­ This experience, the study con­ Star and the Vietnamese Honor Medal ulation will bring forth any more gas. In cludes: "Tells us that price incentive First Class. On August 12, 1974, the Dis­ a producers' monopoly, higher prices are alone may have very limited impact tinguished Service Medal was bestowed more likely to produce higher pro:fjts on gas production." upon him for leadership and analytical rather than new supplies. The report notes that a further argu­ ability, as he devised an ingenious supply The senior Senator from Michigan, the ment against deregulation of natural gas system to connect civilian support with chairman of the Antitrust Subcommit­ comes from the adminstration's "Proj­ combat units and Army engineers. tee, Mr. HART, has provided data clearly ect Independence" blueprint, which as­ During his tour of duty in Vietnam, as proving that the natural gas industry is sumes deregulation and estimates that commander of the 106th Artillery Group, dominated by a few large companies. In gas production would rise to 24.5 trillion December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38699 cubic feet in 1985-yet there is already the private sector because of inaction in the such a deterrent against nations jacking over 22 trillion cubic feet of natural gas marketplace. When are we going to hear up the prices of products they sell us. production now, at current prices. about some layoffs in government?" he mused. "With more people without taxable We must arm ourselves against em­ It is true, of course, that higher prices income, there are fewer people to pay the bargoes and blackmail prices. may bring forth more supplies after 3 taxes required to maintain the government I again invite you to join me in co­ or 4 years of increased exploration or payroll." introducing this joint resolution calling drilling. In the interim, the consumer He has a point. With federal taxes paid for constitutional authority to protect gains nothing and loses billions. We in all of last year equal to $1,222 for every ourselves, and invite your attention to should give consideration to a system man, woman, and child in the U.S., it takes the two newspaper items reprinted below, of paying companies for exploration and 9.5 times this a.mount to cover a federal civilian employee's annual average salary of from the Detroit News of November 18 discoveries. The United States might $11,571. and November 28, respectively. The items even establish its own TVA-type explo­ Unemployment rolls increased by 1.4 mil­ follow: ration company. The cost to the con­ lion in the last year, from 4.1 mllllon to 5.5 LATIN COFFEE NATIONS SEEK PRICE BOOSTS sumer would be infinitely less. milllon people. CARACAS, VENEZUELA.-Seven Latin Amer­ Mr. Speaker, if the past emergency Uncle Stash is a prudent man who doesn't ican countries agreed yesterday to form a price increases did not result in any sub­ buy what he can't afford. Using the 9.5 to 1 multinational company in an attempt to stantial increases in gas supplies, then ratio, he suggests the federal government obtain higher prices for coffee on the world we have no reason, no grounds to believe start by laying off 147,368 employees if it's market. serious a.bout whipping lnfia.tlon now. Brazil and Colombia, the world's two lead­ that the new doubling in price will guar­ Curbing lnfia.tlon means less government antee additional supplies-but the FPC ing coffee producers, participated in the spending. This plan would cut the budget decision to form the company but neither has guaranteed that the cost to the con­ by $1.7 billion, not to mention the savings ~ctua.lly will take part, a spokesman said. sumer will double. in paperwork and red tape that the federal Venezuela, Mexico, the Dominican Repub­ It is time for the Congress to act to government would not have to pay for to lic, Honduras, Costa Rica, Guatemala and make the FOC do its duty-or mandate keep fewer people busy. Nicaragua wm form the company, called It's not the whole answer, but we think someone else to protect the public's in­ it's a start. · Cafe Suaves Centrales, S.A. de C.V. terest. The decision reflects an increasing tend­ ency among nations possessing raw materials to organize efforts to obtain higher prices. GOUGING "UNCLE SAM" The world's leading oil producers have had THE ROAD TO RECOVERY great success a.long these lines through the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Coun­ HON. ROBERT J. HUBER tries, which determines prices for its 13 HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE OF MICHIGAN members. OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fausto Cantu Pena, director of Mexico's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coffee institute, said the new company will Monday, December 9, 1974 begin operations next January. Monday, December 9, 1974 Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, to protect Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, dur­ the United States from cartels being SUGAR PRODUCERS FORM UNION ing the depression of the 1930's, the Dem­ formed by exporting countries to get ex­ MEXICO CITY.-Twenty Latin American and Caribbean nations that produce and export ocratic administration managed to ex­ orbitant prices from us for their com­ sugar have created a union to protect world tend, exacerbate, and spread the suffer­ modities and minerals, I recently intro­ sugar prices. ing and the misery around until 1941, duced House Joint Resolution 1169 for a Francisco Cano Escalante, president of the when President Roosevelt was able to ar­ constitutional amendment that would Mexican National Sugar Commission, said range for the attack on Pearl Harbor, permit us to tax exports. I see this as a the organization's ultimate goal will be to thus granting himself a reason to inft.ate defensive measure, pure and simple, to coordinate the region's future sugar produc­ the Nation's money supply and create an protect the United· States from price tion and let each producer, instead of buy­ artificial boom, and to end unemploy­ gouging for commodities essential to our ing countries, set its own price. World sugar prices have skyrocketed in the ment by conscription into the Armed well-being. last few weeks. The world's average price is Forces. War has been the only solution · In my "Dear Colleague" letter on the a.bout 63 ce.nts a pound. In the United States to economic problems that some people subject, I pointed out that exporters of the price is a.round $1 a pound, four times have ever been able to think of. Unfor­ petroleum and natural gas were not the what it was a year ago. tunately war does not solve problems; only nations figuring to charge the The union will be called ·the Group of it~ furious and frenzied activity may hide United States blackmail prices for their Sugar Exporting Countries of Latin Amer­ them from view for a while, but the products. Also listed were exporters of ica and the Caribbean. It was formed during iron and aluminum-bauxite--ores, a three-day meeting in Cozumel, Mexico, problems remain and are made worse by that ended yesterday. the waging of war. mercury-quicksilver, copper, and· ba­ Cano said its first formal policy session There is, however, a way out of eco­ nanas. will be next April in the Dominican Republic. nomic slumps, and I hope that the way In the few days since I mailed that He said the union includes Mexico, Ar­ out will be the only way chosen by this letter, there has been further escalation gentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Congress and the executive branch. It by opportunistic foreign nations to tam­ Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guate­ is simply to reverse the process that has per with the marketplace and charge our mala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicara­ brought us to a recession; cut the budg­ citizens unfairly high prices. As if pres­ gua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Domin­ ent sugar prices do not impose enough of ican Republic, Trinidad-Tobago and Vene­ et, cut the Federal payroll, cut taxes, zuela. stop printing money; in one word: Econ­ a burden on the housewife and industry They annually produce 12 million tons of omize. A recent editorial in Industry alike, the Detroit News reported that 20 sugar, or 60 percent of global production. Week hit the nail on the head when it Latin American and Caribbean nations, suggested Government layoffs. Only if producing roughly 60 percent of the the Government lays off the economy world's sugar, have created a union to OPTOMETRIST OF THE YEAR will it be able to recover. protect sugar prices. The article follows: And a few days earlier, the same news­ GOVERNMENT LAYOFFS? paper carried an announcement that HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY Uncle Sta.sh ls not an economist. But he seven Latin American countries had OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA has an uncanny way of adding 2 and 2 and agreed to form a multinational com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES invariably coming up with 4. He's a cogitator. pany to push the price of coffee higher . He's worried about inflation and soaring on the world market. Monday, December 9, 1974 u n employment. However, he's terrified by Yes, fellow Members, there is a Santa Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, I am the rising clamor that the government do something to find solutions to the problems. Claus-and more and more nations are extremely pleased to note that Dr. Sheila The idea irks him. "Government's short­ acting as though it is their right and Z. Wood, who practices optometry in the sighted actions are what got us into this privilege to make Uncle Sam play that District of Columbia, was named "Op­ mess. Maybe what we need is some govern­ role. Hopefully, this great Nation will tometrist of the Year" by the Optometric ment inaction," is his sage reaction. never have to use export taxes. But it Society of the District of Columbia. Thi5 "We keep reading about massive layoffs in becomes increasingly apparent we need is the first time in the history of tbP. 38700 EXTENSIONS OF R:EMARKS Decembei· 9, 19 74 society that a woman has received this International, Inc. As a member of the NOTES ON THE 1974 ELECTION award. board of directors, he helped build this With the 1974 elections now several weeks In addition to her practice, Dr. Wood company to an international giant. past, several impressions may be worth not­ serves as supervising consultant at the Bill Tamkin was a man of compassion. ing. Optometric Center of the National Capi­ He felt very deeply about the plight of The major disappointment of the elections has to be the low voter turnout. Although tal. A graduate of the University of Cali­ his fellow man. the final figures are not yet in, it probably fornia School of Optometry and State He was a member of the Diamond was the lowest turnout in a national election University of New York College of Op­ Circle City of Hope, King Solomon Lodge in three decades. Less than 40 ~ of the elec­ tometry, she is a member of the Amer­ and Hollywood Lodge of B'nai B'rith, torate voted, compared with a.bout 44 % of ican Optometric Association; American Menorah Masonic Lodge F and AM No. the eligible voters in 1970, the last non­ Optometric Foundation; and Interna­ 623, Gateways Hospital Men's Club, presidential election. In Indiana, which usu­ tional Behavioral Optometrists, and is Temple Beth Am, Westwood and Cen­ ally votes pretty well, the voter turnout active in local volunteer school vision tury Shrine Clubs, and a key man of the dropped 8 percentage points between 1970 and 1974. The election, then, was something screening programs in this area. United Jewish Welfare Fund. As a past less than a big step forward for democracy. Among Dr. Wood's many other pro­ president of the Sunair Home for Asth­ One cannot help but wonder when the de­ fessional activities are service as secre­ matic Children, he was honored as Man cline in voter participation will end, and it tary of the Optometric Center; chairman of the Year in 1963. raises the question of how long a system of the Optometric Society of the District His untimely death came just 1 year based on the consent of the governed will of Columbia's Public Health Committee; ago. He and his wife, Thelma, would have work when three out of every five eligible membership on the Optometric Council celebrated their 50th wedding anniver­ voters do not vote. H. G. Wells called the vot­ of the National Capital Region's Com­ sary this year. ing process "Democracy's ceremonial, its mittee on Education and Committee on At the dinner, Mr. Tamkin's widow, feast, its great function." The danger is that this feast for the many is becoming a. ban­ Vision Screening; consultant on vision to Thelma, will accept the Flame of Truth quet for the few. the District of Columbia Crippled Chil­ Award of the Fund for Higher Education, By any measure, the victory of the Demo­ dren's School; and consultant to the honoring his memory "for a lifetime of cratic party was impressive, building on al­ National Institutes of Health, perinatal dedication to youth, higher education, ready substantial majorities in the Congress study. and the advancement of the medical and states. The Democrats gained five gov­ I congratulate Dr. Wood for being rec­ arts." ernors, three Senators, forty-three Repre­ ognized by her peers and for the work An outstanding group of people from sentatives, and many state legislators. In­ she is doing at the Optometric Center in business, medicine, and government will diana provided one of the most dramatic swings in House delegations with the Demo­ serving the needy who are in need of be attending the memorial dinner. Guest crats picking up five seats and now con­ vision care. speaker will be Dr. Irving S. Bengelsdorf, trolling nine of the eleven seats in Indiana. director of science communications, With only isolated victories to cheer them California Institute of Technology. (as in the Ohio governorship) the Republi­ IN MEMORY OF BILL TAMKIN Honorary chairmen of the dinner are cans were, nevertheless, left with the most two well known people-entertainer Art prized of all political offices, the White House. Linkletter, who also will serve as master Speaking in the tradition of election win­ of ceremonies, and Los Angeles County ners, some Democratic leaders proclaimed a HON. THOMAS M. REES "mandate," but, in my view, the Democrats OF CALIFORNIA Sheriff Peter Pitchess. won, not so much because of their own vir­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The dinner chairmen are Al Greens­ tues, but because voters held Republicans berg and Harry Groman. Monday, December 9, 1974 responsible for the current troubles. The Serving on the Memorial Committee election was not a blank check for the Dem­ Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, the Fund for are Amnon Barness, and Bill Tamkin's ocratic party, but a protest of the Republi­ Higher Education, an organization three sons, Jack Tamkin, Robert Tam­ can performance on the two key issues of founded in the United States to assist kin, and Dr. S. Jerome Tamkin. the campaign: the low state of the economy Members of the dinner committee are: and political morality. The election told us institutions of higher learning in both more about what the voters did not like than this country and Israel, will hold a dinner Leon Alschuler, Irwin Atkins, Edward A. about what they want. honoring the memory of a fine citizen of Beger, Walter Berkman, Dr. Ellis Berk­ The Democrats should be cautious about southern California-William W. "Bill" owitz, Stanley Black, Charles Boxen­ celebrating their victories. They should not Tamkin. baum, Stuart Buchalter, Max Candiotty, view their swollen majorities as either per­ At the dinner on December 12, in the Ben Chudnow, Max Chudnow, Michael manent or an overwhelming endorsement of Beverly Wilshire Hotel, Beverly Hills, Cimaron, James Donnerstag, Dr. Albert their programs. As they look to the future Fields, Dave Finkle, Emanuel Fisch, Mel they can justify their vote in the elections the Flame of Truth Award of the Fund only if they can develop the discipline as a tor Higher Education will be presented Fliegel, William M. Fredericks, Al Glick­ party to enable them to present a balanced posthumously to Mr. Tamkin. man, Sol Goldsmith, Charles Goodman, program to meet the economic and other Two eminent schools will benefit from Danny Goodman, Phil Kleiner, Leon problems of the country. At once the elec­ funds raised at the dinner. The fund will Kline, Dr. Gershon Lesser, Alvin M. tion results presented the Democratic party establish the William W. Tamkin Devel­ Levin, Kalman L. Loeb, N. Ogints, Al with an extraordinary responsib111ty and an opmental Biology Laboratories in the Markey, Ben Pelter, Dr. Harry Perelman, extraordinary opportunity, and the question Center for Cancer Research at Massa­ Dr. Fred Polesky, Rabbi Jacob Pressman, is whether the new Democratic majority will Michael Radlin, Jean Reep, Herb Rez­ be able to fashion coherent and responsible chusetts Institute of Technology, and an alternatives to the Republican Preside...,t's area will be set aside in Tamkin's name nikoff, Dr. Sidney Senter, Dr. Herman policies. at the Biodynamics Institute of the Schlossberg, Dr. Archer Sokol, Howard The campaign did add to my growing dis­ Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Starr, Howard Sterling, Louis Taubman, content with the way political campalf?nS Bill Tamkin was a young boy when Dr. Mark Tobenkin, Irwin Topper, Oscar are conducted, especially with the manner in his family moved to Los Angeles, having Topper, Sidney Wallis, Dr. Manuel Wex­ which the substance of campaigns is com­ left Russia a few years earlier to escape ler, Alfred Wolf, and Louis Zipperman. municated to the voter, both by the news media and the candidates. A chief impreJews, they're left wing-in other ozone layer has already been diminished other man-made pollutants. words, stay away." by 1 percent. The Manufacturing Chemists Association, Last April, Attorney General William B. The first model (see diagram, line A) a trade group representing members in Saxbe, in a. news conference remark that ln assumes that production of fluorocarbons North America, Europe, Australia and Japan, the McCarthy era "there was a great dis­ continues indefinitely at 1972 levels, approxi­ is currently funding several studies on the trust of the intellectual," added: "One of mately 500,000 metric tons of fluorocarbons environmental effects of fluorocarbons. the changes that's come about is because of 11and12 per year. The atmospheric buildup James E. Lovelock, atmospheric scientist at the Jewish intellectual, who was in those of fluorocarbons over that period and the the University of Reading in England, is days very enamored of the Communist subsequent breakdown and attack on ozone making direct measurements on the con­ party." would result in a five percent decrease in the centrations. James N. Pitts and 0. C. Taylor The list could be extended back through protective ozone layer by the year 2000. But, fl'om the University of California at River­ time indefinitely. There was nothing un­ McElroy points out, fluorocarbon production side are studying the reactivities of fluoro­ usual about these performances. Hardly a has been growing, and this static model is not carbons at various altitudes. And Camme day goes by that a stereotyping or attack is realistic. Production increased about 22 per­ Sandorfy from the University of Montreal is not visited upon Jews somewhere. Where is cent. per year from 1960 to 1972. Ray Mc­ making the first experimental measurements the synagogue on which a swastika has not Carthy, the technical productiS manager of of reaction rates under simulated strato­ been daubed? Dupont's Freon products division, suggestiS spheric conditions. The only thing somewhat unusual about that a 10 percent growth rate would be a Although the predictions are strong, in­ these performances is the political level of reasonable projection for continued world­ dustrial spokesmen are quick to point out the persons involved. We are not dealing here wide production and use; some skeptics doubt that little experimental data exists and with guttersnipes but. with presumably edu­ that growth will slow that much. judgment should be suspended until more cated and sophisticated people. information is available. McElroy says he In models B~ C and D, a 10 percent growth The very level of these personages raises rate was assumed. In model B, production is does not recommend taking immediate ac­ questions. If individuals of some cultivation, terminated in 1978. Nevertheless a three per­ tion to terminate fiuorocarbon production or or statute, fall prey to the virus of anti­ cent decrease in ozone occurs by 1990. (Ef­ use. "All of these models are just that­ semitism as readily as anyone else, where are fects are delayed by years due to the slow models. Although they are based on what the boundaries of its power? Is anyone be­ upward drift fluorocarbons.) Full ozone layer we believe to be good work, atmospheric yond its reach? Have we underestimated the regeneration would require more than 100 chemistry is very difficult and it ls easy to dimensions of the phenomenon of anti­ years, McElroy says. miss something. Direct measurements on a Semitism? In model C, production groWth continues vastly accelerated scale must take place" to The reaction to incidents like those cited at 10 percent until 1987, at which time pro­ test the theoretical models, he says. is usually minimization and denial. Those duction is halted. Maximum effects would But he emphasizes that expanded research involved always deny their antl-Semttism, be felt 10 years later, with a 14 percent zone on the subject is urgently needed. This and most people defend them. It ls socially decrease. Seventy years later, the ozone layer situation is different from most kinds of sci­ disrespectable today to be overtly antil­ still would be decreased by 5 percent. In ence, he says, where a theoretical paper will Semitic, whence. a strong reluctance to own model D, production growth continues at "sit on the shelf" until it ls confirmed. "We up to it. or accuse another of it. 10 percent indefinitely. By the year 2014, the can't afford to wait the normal 10 years." Our first conclusion must be that anti­ team predicts a disastrous 40 percent de­ McElroy says, "because if the theories are correct, by that time the effectiS will be pro­ semitism is something strongly repressed, crease in ozone. nounced." hence always denied. Models. E and F assume continuation of When there is any sort of acknowledge­ the present 22 percent industry growth rate. ment, a process of minimization takes over. If production is halted in 1995 (line E), they Reduced to a foible, an anti-Bemitic lapse is predict. a total ozone layer decrease of about. THE GREATEST HATRED IN made. light of, even made subject ()f jest. 22 percent by the year 2000. If production in­ HUMAN HISTORY Anti-Semitism is the greatest. hatred in creases at 22 percent per year and is not. human history. In duration and intenSity, it halted, a 40 percent decrease in ozone will has no competitor. be realized by about 1995. HON. DONALD M. FRASER What other hatred has lasted some 2.3 Although the precise consequences of centuries and survived genocide of six mil­ OF MINNESOTA ozone layer destruction are unknown, it lion people tn its 23d century of existence? is. known, McElroy says, that life is in a, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I say "survived.. because it is very much precarious balance with ozone. The. ozone Monday, December 9, 1974 alive today. layer shields the earth's surface from ultra­ An unexorcisable devel, it has ravaged from violet radiation. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the Rev­ age to age, land to land. As one kind wanes, A 1973 National Academy of Sciences study erend Edward H. Flannery is executive another promptly replaces it. on the biological impact of increased ultra­ secretary of the Secretariat for Catholic­ A vapid pre-Christian kind was followed violet radiation, conducted during the de­ Jewish Relations of the National Con­ by a "Christian" variety that became op..: bate over the environmental safety of SST's ference of Catholic Bishops. A scholar of pressive and murderous. Then in succession found that a five percent decrease in ozone came rationalist. pseudo-scientific racist, so­ could produce at least 8,000 extra cases of Jewish-Christian relations he is the au­ cialist, rightist varieties. Today there are skin cancers per year in the U.S. while popu­ thor of the Anguish of the Jews: 23 Cen­ Soviet, Arab (over and beyond political en­ lation. (Skin pigmentation shields many of turies of Anti-Semitism. mity), blacll::, New Left and "genteel" types. the harmful rays.) Skin aging in general also Mr. Speaker, I am pleased that the Anti-Semitism has known every cruelty: would be acclereated by increased ultraviolet New York Times, November 30, published social and civic disabilities, 'insult, ghettoiza­ exposure. Changes in solar radiation levels Father Flannery's conunents on the per­ zation, torture, exile, murder. could harm phytoplankton in the oceans, sistence of anti-Semitism in our society. Through the centures, even great saints which produce much of the earth's oxygen. Gen. George Brown's anti-Semitic com­ and leaders have been infected. Estimates of Insects see in a portion of the ultraviolet Jews murdered before Hitler range in the spectrum and light intensity changes in this ments should not simply be minimized, multimillions. region could affect insects' perception of sky­ then forgotten. They are a reminder that Is. there no•. warrant to view this enormity light, flower colors and sexual markings. And anti-Semitism, what Father Flannery as the greatest stain in the history of West­ many plants, particularly agricultural calls "the greatest stain in the history of ern culture? species, are damaged by ultraviolet light. Western culture," is still with us. This It may, in any case, be seen as a demonic CXX--2440-Part 29 38706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 force, endless and bottomless, tha.t defies the court to look into the alleged abuses lowing the election on November 5 of the analytical powers, indeed eludes our very involving medical malpractice. city's first Mayor and City Council in observation. The Jew, "eternal scapegoat," The first part of the petition asks for a serves apparently to assuage a deep human court rule ordering attorneys to give both more than 100 years. need. their clients and the court a full accounting The community spirit, which is exem­ Many efforts have been made to under­ of all out-of-court settlements and court plified in their offer to pay 10 cents per stand anti-Semitism, all partly successful. judgments, including how much they charge. campaign poster, is unprecedented as is Historical causes center on the "deicide" There is mounting evidence that the typical the response on the part of residents who charge, the old theological myth. Yet history malpractice attorney in metropolitan Detroit delivered more than 58,000 posters to the can hardly do full justice to the phenom­ charges his clients a contingency fee of half two poster redemption sites and the sta ~ enon: Profound psychological mechanisms of any money he wins. are at play. As one psychoanalyst has stated, The second part of the petition asks the tion. "Anti-Semitism is more a conflict within a court, once it gets a picture of the fee struc­ As a result of station WRC's efforts, person than between persons." ture, to severely limit how much an attorney Washington, D.C., is free of posters Perhaps the most fruitful avenues of ex­ can charge for a personal injury lawsuit. which often remain for many months planation explored locates anti-Semitism in This includes medical malpractice (treat­ after election day. the lowest strata of the psyche where savage ment injury caused by negligence), products The :iews releases of station WRC are forces struggle against all restraints and liability and auto negligence. attached so that each of us can see how ideals. In the Christian, it would be an un­ The crisis committee-a group of more the station responded to this effort: conscious displacea resentment of his own than 600 physicians victimized by skyrocket­ Christianity; in the non-Christian, a revolt ing malpractice insurance rates-now has ELECTION POSTER CLEANUP SPONSORED BY against moral conscience. three of the most influential pressure groups RADIO STATION WRC IN THE DISTRICT OF It was Judaism that brought the concept in the state supporting its reform effort. COLUMBIA of a God-given universal moral law into the The Teamster and Chamber letters come Old posters are worth lOc each to WRC world. The Jew reminds us of our paganism. on the heels of a similar letter to the top Radio. WRC announced today they will pay For this he has never been forgiven. Willy­ court from the United Auto Workers' Mich­ a dime for every old campaign post 5" x 7" nllly, the Jew carries the burden of God in igan Community Action Program (UAW­ or larger. The posters are to be taken down history. CAP). from city streets in an effort to rid neigh­ Until anti-Semitism ls openly acknowl­ Holmes, who is also president of Council 43 borhoods of the eyesores. edged and diagnosed along lines as deep as and a trustee of the Teamsters huge Central D.C. election laws require candidates to these, the Browns, Nixons and Saxbes will States Health and Welfare (pension) Fund, remove all campaign posters from public always be with-no, in us. wrote the court: places by midnight, November 7. However, "The plaintiff's attorney who takes an un­ these laws are not usually enforced and conscionable contingency fee from his in­ posters often stay up for months after an jured client in a malpractice case is not only election. WRC plans to make sure that this shortchanging his clients, but he is also add­ year the laws are obeyed. MALPRACTICE FEES UNDER FIRE: ing tremendously to the already overbur­ "This is our first really big election in TEAMSTERS AND CHAMBER OF dened cost of medicine today. Washington," says WRC General Manager COMMERCE JOINED IN REFORM "Those of us who serve actively as trust­ Harold Green. "I'd like to see it handled MOVE ees and administrators of health programs well. If candidates don't remove their posters, know from personal experience that the · we will get neighborhood associations, stu­ cost of medicine for the workingman is al­ dents, and concerned citizens to take them HON. ROBERT J. HUBER ready exhorbitant. down by offering to buy those posters. We've OF MICHIGAN "The system simply cannot tolerate the had an exciting election with lots of interest additional excesses of an unregulated con­ and that's terrific-but our job isn't done. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tingency fee system for lawyers. I think we now owe it to our city to clean it Monday, December 9, 1974 "The court must not appear to be placing up." the interests of a few attorneys before the · The clean-up campaign will run two weeks. Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, as I have rights of the public." Residents may bring posters to the NBC pointed out on many previous occasions, ADDED HALL studios at 4001 Nebraska Avenue, NW at a real crisis is at hand in the field of these times: "While the Chamber is continuing to study Saturday, November 16-9:30 am-4:00 pm. health care due to the growing number the various proposals put forward by the of malpractice cases. Recently the team­ Saturday, November 23-9:30 am-4:00 pm. Physicians Crisis Committee, the petition In addition, WRC persona.Ii ty Eddie Ed- sters in Michigan and the State chamber asking for a review of contingency fees seems wards will drive the WRC prize patrol car of commerce felt concerned enough to reasonable, logical and timely. to District locations to assist in the exchange make a joint effort to solve the problem. "We must have the facts to be able to de­ of posters for cash receipts. Edwards will be I commend this item from the Detroit termine if there are, indeed, serious abuses. at the YWCA/YMCA, 50th and Haynes, NE News of November 20, 1974, to the atten­ "New York and New Jersey have estab­ on November 16 and at the Raymond Recre­ tion of my colleagues: lished such disclosure rules which helped ation Center, 10th and Spring Road, NW on correct the types of abuses there which the November 23. Exchange times at those loca­ MALPRACTICE FEES UNDER FmE: TEAMSTERS, crisis committee feels is occurring here. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOINED IN REFORM tions are also 9: 30 am to 4: 00 pm. These are "It doesn't seem reasonable that a plaintiff the only times and places WRC can accept MOVE who has been injured should receive less (By Stephen Ca.in) and pay for posters. than 50 percent of the court judgment or WRC's goal is the collection of 10,000 The 90,000-member Michigan Teamsters settlement. The rules should be better bal­ posters. The station is being assisted in its Union Joint Council 43 and the State Cham­ anced in favor of the individual who has efforts by the D.C. Chamber of Commerce. ber of Commerce have joined forces to urge been hurt." Hertz has donated a van to receive posters the Michigan Supreme Court to force med­ and Dunbar Armored Cars is providing an ical malpractice attorneys and other personal armored vehicle to dispense dimes. WRC in­ injury lawyers to account for the fees they vites all D.C. residents and all candidates to charge their clients. ELECTION POSTER CLEANUP SPON­ help out in this community cleanup effort. The Teamsters, who operate a health in­ SORED BY RADIO STATION WRC surance program second in size only to Blue ELECTION POSTER CLEANUP CAMPAIGN Cross-Blue Shield, are concerned with the IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA increased costs of medical care attributed Elections generate drama, excitement, par­ to the medical malpractice situation. ticipation in the democratic process-and Chamber officials, on the other hand, sus­ HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY trash. The garbage is the posters candidates pect that malpractice is costing their mem­ OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA use to further their political causes. Once the ber businesses more through increased con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES elections end, the posters usually remain. tributions to employes health insurance Pinned to telephone poles and trees, hung on Monday, December 9, 1974 obliging walls, they are eyesores serving no plans. purpose except the cluttering of a neighbor­ Teamsters International Vice-President Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, radio hood. Robert Holmes already has mailed his letter station WRC, located in our Nation's This predicament is especially acute in to Supreme Court Administrator Elnar Boh­ Capital, has long prided itself in being a Washington, D.C., where this year, the Dis­ lin asking the court to immediately grant community-minded station dedicated to trict held its first major eleotion ever. The provisions of a. petition filed more than a serving all factions of the Washington, acquisition of home rule allows for many month ago by the Physicians Crisis Com­ more public offices. And more posters. Though mittee. D.C., area. In keeping with this philoso­ D.C. election laws require that all posters be Chamber President H8.rry R. Hall is still phy of service, WRC launched a citywide removed. from publlc places no !ater than drafting the final version of his '1etter asking election poster cleanup campaign fol- two days after the polls close, these rules are December 9, 19·74 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38707 rarely enforced. So WRC decided to do some­ The outcome will determine how much to be one) Miller Field on Staten Island's thing about it. the federal government does with lts power coast, which the Park Service intends to On November 6, D.C. Councilman-elect and money to set. aside open spaces close. transform from a green expanse of sod to a Marion Barry kicked off WRC's poster cleanup to city people. It ts, in one sense, Rockway.'s complex of playing fields; historic forts campaign. The director of special projects for Riis beach for the subwa.y riders. vs. which had the mission of guarding the New PRIDE, Inc. brought some of his own posters Wyoming's Yellowstone Park for the station York harbor entrance before the days of to the WRC studios at 4001 Nebraska Avenue, wagon set. The Bomb, Balance of Terror and nuclear NW and started one of the most successful President Ford, before this argument ts. incineration within 30 minutes. Those old community involvement projects in Wash­ over, may wen have to veto Mr. Nixon•s forts have a story to tell, and the Park sen­ ington broadcasting history. "parks to the people" program-the loudly ice hopes to tell it once it gets organized The idea was simple. WRC would pay 10¢ touted initiative which turned the land be.­ for public tours. low the helicopter tnto one giant park for for every used campaign poster, 5"x7" or PEOPLE "POURING IN" larger, returned to their studios on two con­ the New York-New Jersey megalopolis. secutive Saturdays (November 16 and 23). Ironically, this new kind of national park Gateway East's superintendent, Joseph N. That was it. No contests, no clever gimmicks, has proved so successful that. White House Atosca.,. has some other ideas for his own just straight community involvement. WRC budget chiefs insist the government. cannot backyard-the 1,100 acres the Park Service had nothing to gain but a clean neighbor­ afford to establish any; more of them, even owns at Floyd Bennett. Pield. Maybe, he says. hood and the respect of a suddenly poster­ though the need is greater than ever. a drag strip for the hot... rodders in the neigh­ free Washington, D.C'. Now ls no time to quit putting national borhood would be a good idea. Some contrast The response was overwhelming. Candi­ parks where the people are, counter urban to his counterpart at Yellowstone who must dates, school groups, civic organizations, con­ politicians who dominate congress. The worry about the bear population. cerned citizens, religious organizations all cities and suburbs are getting more crowded "We have enough to do~·· says Atosca of took up the cause. · all the time, they argue, and the fuel short­ the challenge of developing the. complex of To make things easier, a WRC personality age makes it in the national interest to pro­ former military and city property that. went drove to outer city locations on each of the vide recreation near home rather than far into Gateway, "to keep us busy for 20 years." Saturdays to help in the collection of posters. away. Inspector Groves-who has. one. lieutenant, But the. bulk were returned to the WRC A VARIED PLAYGROUND six sergeants and 38 privates to police the studios. The final figures: 58,758 posters col­ Former President Nixon, perhaps to the whole of Gateway East---says he was lected. $5,875.80 1n cash given out. There was grief of his successor in the White House, astounded by the enthusiasm city dwellers much more to be proud of. demonstrated the popularity of urban parks displayed for open space: What had been a poster-choked community with the Gateway East National Recreation "We'd take down a fence around a swamp, only a week before was nearly spotless. Elec­ Area for New York and New Jersey. put up signs that the water was not flt for · tion laws bad been scrupulously followed for Directly under the helicopter is Gate­ human contact, and yet mothers with babies the first time in memory. And the community way's dull-looking marsh in the middle of in their arms would come in there and stand worked together for a common cause. The Jamaica Bay. But to New York's school chil­ in mud up to the.Jr ankles just to get into sense o! comaraderie at the exchange pomts dren who go there to study it, the marsh is the open. New Yorkers are starving for rec­ was contagious and the poster campaign may alive with fascinating creatures they never reational outlet." well have been a catalyst for other group ef­ see in their everyday world of concrete, cars Groves• words dramatize the dilemma forts. and crowds. facing policy makers as: they try to make up WRC was happy to be the force behind such To the south, clearly visible this bright for years in which city planners and builders a construotive community drive. day out the Plexiglas nose of the helicop­ left too little breathing room !or people. Ratings and listener demographics were ter, lies another part of Gateway East-the ..Everything we open;• he says, "the people set aside for more important considerations. Rockaway Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean, come pouring in. It is just like water running Every department of WRC pitched in. Promo­ home of Riis Park, with goings-on which into the empty space." tional spots ran every hour, 24 hours a day, bring winces to the Smokey Bears of the In the 1974 summer season, 4.5 milllon for the campaign's full two-week duration. Park Service who believe the wide open people visited some part of the 26,712-acre WRC News ran vignettes urging people to spaces, not urban areas, are the domain of Gateway East national park. This ls triple help in the cleanup drive. And WRC per­ their organization. the 1.5 mmion visitors who journeyed to the sonaUties lent their time and support. Rock jetties divide the mile-long Riis 2.2 million-acre Yellowstone National Park. Enclosed are the materials which WRC beach into sections, called bays by the na­ Gateway's budget for fiscal 1975 is $6.7 mil­ used in its poster cleanup campaign drive. tives. And by some kind of agreement, each lion; Yellowstone's, $6.4 m1llion. Gateway After examining them, we are sure you will bay has its own clientele: homosexuals on takes 132 permanent employees to man; agree that. WRC did a magnificent job making one, lesbians on another and so on down Yellowstone, 100. the conclusion of this year's local political the beach. There wm be 100,000 people After the House and Senate passed the leg­ campaigns the success of a community clean­ jammed on that short stretch on a sum­ islation authorizing Gateway by overwhelm­ up campaign. mer day. ing margins, President Nixon signed the Inspector Hugh A. Groves, the U.S. Park measure into law on Oct. 28, 1972, with a Police officer who got the Gateway East se­ message that indicated more metropolitan curity job on the strength of his cool han­ parks would follow: NATIONAL PARKS FOR THE CITmS: dling of demonstrations in Washington, ad­ "The need for open space and recreational mits to being stunned by the sight of homo­ opportunities is especially pressing in our BACKING AWAY FROM A SUCCESS sexuals forming· a circle and holding hands great metropolitan centers ... I plan to con­ out in the water after taking off their bath­ tinue my emphasis on bringing 'parks to the ing suits. But Groves, showing judgment people' through the donation of federal lands HON. JOE SKUBITZ that his bosses in the Interior Department · to state and local authorities for the develop­ OF KANSAS applaud, passed the word that his new kind ment of parks and recreation areas near population centers." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of cops would not arrest homosexuals or lesbians on the beach "as long as they did Congress authorized Interior to spend $12.1 Monday, December 9, 1974 not display their private parts to people on million to acquire land for the park (most of it was land donated by federal and statft Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, today the the beach." A less congested beach. but still pa.rt of government) and another $92.8 miliion to de­ House took action on legislation to au­ Gateway East, is Sandy Hook-the curved velop it. thorize the establishment of the Cuya­ peninsula on New Jersey's side of the New BACKING OFF hoga Valley National Recreation Area. in York harbor entrance. The Army kept most President Nixon also had a political reason the State of Ohio. Because of its time- of the beach in a primitive state. for putting national parks where the people · uness and the importance of the issue, I As the helicopter thwack-thwacks over were: The concept promised to gain him commend to the attention of my col­ Sandy Hook, a bunch of kids are running votes. Nathaniel P. Reed, . assistant secretary leagues the following article by George out of yellow buses and onto the beach of interior for fish, wildlife and parks, con­ C. Wilson which appeard in the Wash­ for an ecology lesson. A surf fisherman iS firmed this political impetus in an interview. trying his luck in the solitude cold weather He was the Interior Department executive ington Post on Sunday, December 1, brings. He will feel pressed come summer by the White House directed to carry out Mr. 1974: bathers and sun worshippers who need no Nixon's "parks to the people" program. NATIONAL PARKS FOR THE CITIES: BACKING pass nor property rights to get on the beach Says Reed: "We didn't know what 'parks AWAY FROM A SUCCESS of Sandy Hook. to the people' meant. We didn't have a fixed (By George C. Wilson) On the homeward leg back to Floyd Ben­ plan. I was promised everything from the BROOKLYN, N.Y.-The helicopter banging nett Field, the former Navy airfield which White House in the way of manpower and money. It was acknowledged that if this ad­ in the wind over Jamaica Bay shows what is headquarters for the National Park Serv­ ministration made some very strong moves Congress and the Ford administration are ice at Gateway East, the helicopter flew where people were, there would be strong arguing a.bout as they struggle to set dif­ over other types of playgrounds for mega­ polltlcal rewards." . ferent. courses for the national park system. lopolis: the Army Air Corps' (there used Ba.ck in 1971, Reed, in urging the House 38708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 Interior Committee to authorize Gateway, and playgrounds. But the fe.deral govern­ two children-and everybody seems to have had said "a commitment of federal resources ment cannot atl'ord to ignore the recreation missed the followup story a few days later for this purpose and unified administration needs of people who live around our major (buried, it is true, il.l the back pages of the by the National Park Service will make pos­ urban centern, where the need . is greatest." newspapers) in which an Irish Trotskyite sible the achievement of a. goal now beyond Interior's Reed asserts that the Park Serv­ group-definitely not associated with the the reach of any other single political sub­ ice is straining to run the recreation areas Provos-admitted that it was responsible. division." it already has, what with the shortage of What other revolutionary anticolonial Three years later he is ma.king an opposite money and manpower during this infl.a.tion­ group in recent memory have the Post and argument: that the federal government ary period. But if Congre55 goes ahead any­ tbe Times treated as "indiscriminate killers" should get out of the urban park business way and authorizes $34.5 million to put to­ and "vicious and cruel terrorists"? Before and confine itself to helping states and cities gether a Cuyahoga National Park, can Presi­ equating the Provos with Vietcong and do that job for themselves. dent Ford risk vetoing such popular legis­ Castroite types, conservatives should con­ Reed says that this re~reat-which he pre­ lation? The administration's statements of sider that the American Left does not see fers to term a "complete retrenchment"­ opposition to Cuyahoga preceded his taking it that way at all. Reviewing Jimmy Breslin's does not mean that Gateway East and its over the presidency, so he is not formally World without End, Amen in The New York San Francisco counterpart, Gateway West, committed to them. Review of Books, Conor Cruise O'Brien re­ have failed. On the contrary, he says, Gate­ "Presidents don't veto public parks," says cently assured his left wing audience that way East "has been a. perfectly extraordinary one congressional veteran in predicting that they had nothing to worry about: Breslin success," thanks largely to a massive federal Congress will keep the national park system was implausible in having his right wing investment. on the new course set by Mr. Nixon-whether New York cop fraternizing easily, during his "We spent money there like it was going his successor likes it or not. visit to Ireland, with Irish Marxists of the out of style. We had the money and we had Official IRA breed. American right wing types the manpower to do the job. Gateway East O'Brien noted, would feel much more at got a massive infusion of talent, money and home with the Provos, whom he calls "plain, police protection. A WAY OUT OF IRELAND'S old-fashioned, nationalist, Catholic killers." "But by our boundless success in New York, DILEMMA? we're faced with a crisis. We've got a lit fire­ PROVO$ AND SDLP cracker in our hand. Any big city mayor A good explanation of the nature and pur­ faced with a tight budget is going to demand HON. PAUL W. CRONIN poses of the Provos appears in a short, direct, ha.rd-hitting, yet temperate pamphlet called that we come in there and give him a park. OF MASSACHUSETTS He's a damn fool unless he does. 'Quick, simply "Ulster." (It is available at any of Uncle,' he will say, 'come in.' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the American offices of Irish Northern Aid.) "Like in Ohio: we're owed a national Monday, December 9, 1974 Its author is Frank McManus, an ex-member park-quote unquote. Come in, National Park of the British Parliament from the Ferma­ Service, and do your thing. But where is it Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, much has nagh/ South Tyrone section of Northern Ire­ going to end?" been written about the continuing hos­ land. Like Bernadette Devlin and other can­ A PARK FOR OHIO tilities in Ireland. I submit the following didates associated with a strong Republican stance, McManus had a rough go of it in As far as chairman Roy A. Taylor (D-N.C.) article which appeared in the August 30, the last election, since the SDLP (Social of the House Interior National Parks sub­ 1974, issue of the National Review as a Democratic Labor Party) decided to run committee is concerned, this federal "parks lucid and accurate account for the bene­ candidates against them, thus splitting the to the people" program is not going to end fit otf my colleagues: with Gateways East and West. Only the fed­ Catholic vote. eral government has the resources, he says, A WAY OUT OF IRELAND'S DILEMMA? The SDLP is a predominantly Catholic to assemble large parcels of land, including .BY James Fitzpatrick) party, which basically agrees with the Provos' military bases, for parks to serve ·metropoli­ long range goal of a United Ireland, but does (One plan for. peace in Ireland is that of not feel that military force can achieve any­ tan areas. the Provos who, this author claims, are Taylor says Reed and others are respond­ thing constructive at this point in Irish his­ getting a raw deal. It even preserves, he says, tory. Unlike the IRA, they were willing to go ing to pressure from White House budget the Protestant majority in Ulster gerryman­ cutters. In Taylor's view, President Ford .along with the recently aborted "Sunning­ dered up in 1921.) dale Plan" (worked out between SDLP-type should ask for more money for the National It is not easy for an Irish American to Park Service (which has a current operating Catholics and moderate Protestants under take .the long step backward, away from the the direction of British Secretary William budget of $200 million a year) and should go Telstar-transmitted combat zone in the six a.long with Congress in the effort to put Whitelaw) for a Council of Ireland whose occupied counties of Northern Ireland, in ultimate purpose was the unification of the more money in the Land and Water Conser­ order to make a fair evaluation of the cur­ vation Fund. · That fund, which gets its country. It would be wrong to suppose the rent military campaign of the Provisional SDLP supporters in the last election were money for the leasing of offshore tracts in IRA. For most Irish Americans, the words federal waters to oil companies, is used in anti-IRA; in fact, most observers would agree "Irish Republican Army" summon up that they are the sea in which the IRA fish pa.rt to help states buy land for parks. The memories of almost mythic heroes, deeds, Ford administration is opposing bills in Con­ swim. They backed off from full support of scenes-the Republican tricolor being raised the Provo combat teams principally because gress to raise that fund from $300 million to through the fire and smoke over the Gen­ $800 million. they are exhausted by violence, not because eral Post Office in Dublin in 1916; the IRA they favor indefinite association with Britain. Before this year is out, Taylor says, he gunmen saying the rosary before going into expects to win congressional approval of the Had Sunningdale worked, the SDLP would combat against the Black and Tans; the have been pictured in history as wise and bill to establish a 20,000-acre national park torchlight processions and rallies with which (16,000 acres federally owned) in the Cuya­ the Sinn Feiners were greeted after being cautious moderates who saw the possibility hoga. Valley running between the Ohio ctties released from the British prisons in 1917; of working for unification through a slow, of Akron and Cleveland. thousands of Dubliners lining the docks, but steady, evolution. The Protestant work­ Rep. John F. Seiberling (D-Ohlo), a mem­ singing Peadar Kearney's rebel hymn (now ers' strike of this spring, however, has rele­ ber of the National Parks subcommittee, is Ireland's national anthem) "The Soldier's gated the Sunningdale agreement to the a lea.ding advocate of the Cuyahoga legisla­ Song" in the firelight as Eamon de Valera footnotes of Irish history. The Council of tion, which the administration opposes. He and the Irish Volunteers set foot on Irish Ireland is a dead issue. says only the federal government can put soil for the first time since the uprising ... If all of England's 1974 "deals" meet in the park together: It is not easy-but let me make a stab at it. with this fate, and result no more progress "Put yourself in my position as a poli­ Because, objectively, the Provisional IRA than the 1921 "deal," and if bands of Orange­ tician. I've voted for national parks year after is getting a raw deal, especially from many sashed Protestants are still parading through year. Yet Ohio ls the sixth most populous Americans of Irish descent who have become Derry in 1994 shouting "No Surrender!" the state and doesn't have a single national park. so much a part of the American conserva­ SDLP will be seen as timid dupes-while "Even if the governor did have a big tive movement. It is ironic that Irish Amer­ the Provos will take their place in legend budget for parks, he would have to spread icans should criticize the IRA Provos so and song with the "Bold Fenian Men" of old. the money around to several areas of the harshly as a result of reading accounts in THE SIX COUNTIES state. Only the federal government can as­ the Washington Post and the New York Frank McManus is not a member of the semble these big parcels. Times-the same newspapers American con­ Provisional IRA. The Provos are still an il­ "I'm not suggesting that every urban area servatives distrust on so many other mat­ legal, underground organization in both the have a federal recreation area such as the ters. Conservatives seem not to have heard North and South of Ireland. But he is close proposed Cuyahoga Valley park. Not every that the Provos (Green IRA) have broken to Provisional Sinn Fein, the legal, political urban area has such a unique and well­ with the Marxist Officials (Red IRA), and arm of the Provos, and to its uachtaran preserved large open space available. And that the Provos refer disparagingly to the (president), Ruairi O'Bradaigh; his line of the federal government cannot afford to Officials as the "National Liberation Front." argument runs parallel to that found in Eire make itself the sole custodian of all our Likewise, everybody seems to know that the Nau (New Ireland), Sinn Fein's current so­ natural and historic resources or to become Provos' "atrocities" include the bombing cial and political program for Ireland. Mc­ the manager of small neighborhood parks of that bus carrying English soldiers and Manus does not apologize for the current December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38709 military ca.nipaign. He, unlike the New York This new Ulster (which is ·really ·historic assumed the leadership in this ancient Times, does not find it "terrorist." Ulster) would then make decisions by ·ma• struggle during the ·Ia.st 50 years, and they In order to understand why the Provos jority rule for its own development, as would have vowed, in the words of their :first pres­ resort to "terrorism,'' and why McNanus, in the other regional governments. ident, Padraic Pearse, that "Ireland unfree turn, writes suspiciously of so-called demo­ What is most interesting about this pro­ shall never be at peace." Frank McManus cratic procedures in Northern Ireland, a brief posal is that Ulster Protestants would still and the Provos are asking for the right of review of some Irish history is necessary. be a majority by 2 to 1 in the new Ulster. Irishmen to rule Ireland, and offer their as­ First of all, the section of Ireland that the And . the new, nine-county Ulster would surance that "we are in no way opposed to world calls Ulster is not really Ulster at all. have nearly 40 per cent of the population·c>f the Unionist Party as a party of Ulstermen, When the rest of Ireland won home rule in all Ireland. When you keep this in mind, it governing Ulster...• In a new Ulster, the 1921, England insisted on keeping six-but seems more realistic for Dublin to fear the Provisionals would accept miajority govern­ only six-of the ancient nine counties of South's domination by industrialized Ulster ment controlled by the present Unionist Ulster within the British Empire. than for the Orangemen to go on cringing at Party." These six counties were "partitioned" by some phony nightmare of "Rome rule." In "Ireland unfree shall never be at peace." careful gerrymandering to · ensure that the Eire Nua Ulster Protestants, as the majority The current proposal of the Provos for "re­ Protestant population would never have to in Ulster, would be fully entitled to be the gionalism" goes about as far as Irishmen can fear that their Catholic neighbors would form ruling party there and thus a truly formi­ go without conceding to Britain control of a majority and democratically move Ulster dable voice in Ireland as a whole. The only their country, without surrendering their into the Republic of Ireland to the South. qualification would be that they must exert national freedom to a foreign power. If Prot­ The three counties of Ulster that were solidly this influence as citizens of Ireland, not as a estant Unionists do not respond openly and Catholic, and solidly in favor of union­ foreign power's army of occupation, not as soon to this offer, the responsibility for con­ Donegal, Cavan, and Monaghan-were thus conquerors. tinued--and probably increased-warfare excluded from this new British territory Orangemen who claim to be incensed by must be placed on their shoulders. Moderate of Northern Ireland. As Sir James Craig, first the antidemocratic methods of the IRA voices, like that of Frank McManus, find sup­ prime minister of the Six Counties, put it simply cannot go on basing their own claim port only from a people that does not feel so well, the inclusion of these counties to power in Ireland on the forced submission that all-out war is its only recourse. "We would "reduce our majority to such a level of the Irish people to English armies over 300 want to create a new Ireland, free from that no sane man would undertake to carry years ago. If living in Ireland for four cen­ domination, exploitation, discrimination. on Parliament with it." Gerrymandering turies does not make an Orangeman an Irish­ Without the consent of the Unionist people within the Six Counties further reduced the man, then Orangemen are, by self-definition, we cannot succeed." The man who writes power of the Catholic minority. a military garrison of a foreign power and that deserves from his Protestant co-citizens Consequently, the cards are stacked, as aggressors, and are, by all legal and moral of Northern Ireland something better than McManus puts it, "to perpetuate the eternal standards, subject to the defensive use of another cry of "No Surrender!" present of Orange Supremacy. It is antidem­ military force by the victims of that aggres­ And, in fact, there has been some sign of ocratic.... The state (Ulster] was designed sion. The Orangemen's slogan of "No Sur­ movement in that direction. Desmond Boal, to give permament power to the Unionist render!" is an ongoing declaration of war on an ex-associate of Ian Paisley, recently of­ Party. Where there is such an artificially the Irish people. fered a proposal for a federal Ireland which buiit-in majority, normal democracy can The key factor in all these proposals, then, has been accepted by the Provos as close never function. We cannot accept a 'demo­ is the end of the British presence in Ireland. enough to their own Eire Nua to be the basis cratic right' to perpetuate this antidemo­ To be sure, the nightmare of a vast and of a lasting peace. It just could be the light ·cratic state." bloody civil war, often invoked to discredit at the end of the tunnel-in contrast to In 1918, in the only election in which the such a demand, cannot be dismissed as an further well-meaning British suggestions, question of a united and sovereign Ireland impossibility. (No healthy nation, of course, which only add fuel to the fire. was put before the Irish people, 80 per cent has ever surrendered its nationhood rather voted for unification. The partitioning of than face such a challenge-certainly not the the country made the 20 per cent minority U.S.) It is possible-but not inevitable, or PRESIDENT'S THOUGHTS ON FOR­ a majority in one of the two states thus even likely. The IRA does not want the Brit­ EIGN AID AUTHORIZATION created. That minority had the strength­ ish troops removed tomorrow. They demand about 2 to 1-to prevent the unification only a declaration of intention to withdraw clearly mandated by the people of the coun­ at some specified future date. UN forces could HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS try. replace t hem if sectarian violence erupted. OF ILLINOIS It would not be surprising, then, and not And the Provos welcome the idea that dis­ very condemnable by earthly standards, if putes arising after the British withdrawal be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN~ATIVES Irish nationalists, demanding an end to the submitted to the authority of the European Monday, December 9, 1974 foreign control of their country, insisted Court at Strasbourg. The hope is, however, that a 20 per cent minority, professing loy­ that the specified withdrawal date will force Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, this week alty to that same foreign power, submit the Protestants to see that they must begin the House will consider a highly impor­ themselves to the wishes-without qualifica­ to work with their fellow Irish citizens in a tant piece of Iegislation-H.R. 17234, the tion on this issue-of the 80 per cent. But, spirit of comprise and conciliation-will 1975 foreign aid authorization bill. as a matter of fact, those unreasonable IRA force them t" see that it is possible to shout In today's mail I received a letter from terrorists do not. And even if they did, they "No Surrender!" only if they know that the the President, setting forth his thoughts would not compare unfavorably with Abra­ British army is waiting in the wings. on the importance of t:ciis measure· and ham Lincoln, who chose bloody civil war MODERATE VOICES reasons why it is in our best national in­ rather than allow a much larger minority to This regionalist plan represents an ex­ divide America into two states. terests that it be approved by the Con­ t reme compromise on the part of the IRA. gress without delay. REGIONALISM You can bet your last dollar that many old McManus' proposals for Ireland, the Pro­ IRA diehards did not give in willingly to a The President's comments are worthy vos' Eire· Nua, call inst ead for an answer proposal which would allow t he Protestant of careful study by all Members of this based on "regionalism." He t'tdvocates not a minority in Ireland to remain in control of body regardless of party and, under leave Dublin-based, Irish Catholic domination of Ulster. If the Protestants had been willing to to extend my remarks in the RECORD, Mr. Ulster, but a solution designed to provide bend even half as much as the IRA, genuine Ford's letter follown: for the diversity of backgrounds in Ireland, reconciliation rather than apparently end­ THE WHITE HOUSE, including Scots-heritage Protestantism. less violence would be the order of the day i.n Washington, December 9, 1974. "The only system with which Republicanism Ulster. Hon. LESLIE c. ARENDS, is not compatible is a system of domination. But, until the British army withdraws, U.S. House of Representatives, No Republican could consent to be domin­ there is no reason for the Protestants to Washington, D.C. ated by London. But, and Unionists should compromise. As long as they can count on DEAR LEs: Recently, I completed my first t hink deeply about this, no Ulster Republi­ British troops being around to handle Cath­ visit abroad as President of the United States. can could ever consent to be dominated by olic-Nationalist demands, there .ts just no In my talks with the leaders of each country Dublin." He goes on: "Republicans are sug­ reason for them to look inward, away from visited, I was again impressed with the vital gesting a regional government for the whole England and toward their fellow Irish citi­ responsibility which the United States car­ of Ireland. There would be four (maybe zens, in order to define their nationhood. ries for building peace in the world and with more, maybe less) regional parliaments and Instead of keeping the peace, the continued the need for a strong, active American diplo­ a central parliament. The regional parlia­ British presence creates a political situation macy to achieve this objective. It is clear ment would enjoy great autonomy in the so unnatural as to ensure continued that the continuity and strength of our polit­ .administration of regional affairs." Donegal, hostility. ical, economic, and social policies depends Cavan, and Monaghan would be returned to Irish nationalists have been rebelling upon our purposeful and wise involvement Ulster under this system (and. this can against English control of Ireland as long as in the international community. More than hardly. be thought to be Dublin's desire). England has been in Ireland. The IRA has t hat, it is clear to me that we must fashion 387'10 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9 1, 19 7 4 a role of leadership-in OW! own· interest 4.nd and that ot your eotle.agu.es 1n movbag: toward offers several obvious. ev.fis to the. Ubertarian. that ot other~if the possibUlttes. fol! con­ earl:y enactment o1 this m.os.t vital piece oil In the first. place, it isi clea.l! that, too many :flict betwee.n natiG>ns. aire :ra.o.t to. pre.empt the legisla.t1Qn. resources are, being channeled into sta.tistics­ possibilities of cooperation Sincerely, gathering. and sta.tistics~production. Given a., In Cll.ea.ling with the urgent, needs of ou hR&T Foao. wholly; free ma.rke.t the amount, o! labor,, worid:--se.curit.y needs, e.cQllomie needs., la.ncl, and capital resources dev:oted to sta.­ emeii~lllCY relief,, &ie.veloJJ.>ment nee.Wr-w:e­ tJstics would dwindle to, a small fractio11 o~ have, a. pl'QMen and. highly fiexible tool, na.mely the present, total·. It has been estimated that foreign· assistance. MCi>re than anyr Cllther de• lNFORMATIONl AND THE. the Fedel!al govern.men.t alone spends· $43,~ vice, i't cam help to, shape peaeeflul relatwn­ ooo,poo, on sta.tistics; and that statistical GOWRNMENT' ships in a WQl'ld stlll plagtyee& of private ind·ustry a.re buHding of Inatitut1ons 01· develepmentr in occupied with the collection of Gov.ernment Munay which c111aperatio~l!a.the:ir tham riva:l;ry-can Rothbard in which he punctured statistics_ This is, espe.cia.lly burdensome to spur planning and development. the socfal'ist cliche that· •"fact-finding is a small husinesses_ A small hard.ware- store 'L'lifs dci>es not. mean that w.e- can be extrav­ proper functiOn of Government~" I urge owner in Ohio estimate.cl that 29 per cent agant.;; qm11e' the opp,0gl.1ie: is true~ We- must all my colleagues to read this- essay,. par­ of his time is absorbed. in fillin:g, out such :measure- the ireseur.ces, whicb we apply· to the: ticularly my eolleagues who like to· think reports. Not infrequently people dealing with attainment; ol fereiglli policy and national' of trhemselves. as: de-fending· a free society, the Government have· to keep several sets s.ecurit..y objec.ti~es, with. the: gi:e.atest. car.e. We and then f0llew tne lead! ef Mrs. HoET of books to flt the d.ivev.se: a.nd dissimilar m.ust. no.t. be: generous at the expense of ow" and stymie the designs of tne omnipotent requirements; ef Federal agencies.2 awn e·conomy, or. om: critical cfomestic pro­ But there are other impm:tant, and not grams. But we must have regfslattlon which state of preventing its omniscience: so obvious, reasons for the libertarian' to re­ willl provifte &deq·uate- reS(lUl'Ces to insure CLICHES OF SOCIALISM gard goverrunent statistics with dismay. Not tha.t lJnU!ed States interests abroad a:tte' pre­ Ours is truly an Age of Statistics. Irr a only do statistics-g.atherI:ng and producing tected, and which wlll also; p:co'1:11k. the· Pres.t­ c:ountry and an era that· worships' statistrcal go beyond the governmental function of de­ dent. wbth su.tfi'cient, 1iexib1]1it~ ta us.e those d'a;ta a:s. super "scientific," as: offering us the fense of persons and property; not only are resources to the: best, aci;va.Irtage foJJ ' Amer­ keys· to all knowledge-, a vast supply of data ecorromie resources wasted· and misallocated, ica~ 'Ii'o tie the hands of the President in. of all shapes and sizes pours forth upon us. and the taxpayers, industry, small' l>usines., counterfng unforeseen circumstances or in Mostly.. it pours forth from government. and the consumer burdened. But, further­ dealing with emergencies woulcf thwart. the While private agencies and trade associations more, statistics are, in a crucial sense-, critical Constitution we are all sworn to uphold. do gather and isS1.re some statistics, they are to all fnterventlonist and socialistic aetivitles I believe a . continuing' battle between the Umited' to- specific: wantS' o-r· specific: indus­ of government. The individual consumer, in Executive and the Legislative Branches over trtes. The vast bulk o-r· statistics is gathered his daily rounds, has lttile need of statistics; the direction of our e:trbrta. in foreign poliey and disseminated by government. The over­ through advertising, through the information. and national secu:i:ity wauld be very detri-· all statistics o-r the· economy.. the popular of friends', and• through his own experience, mental to the national good. We must again "gross national product~" data that permit" he finds out what is going on in the markets look at our role. as Americans, and' work to­ every- economist to be a soothsayer· oi' busi­ a.round him. The same is true of the business getl\er to. solve· the- problems that threaten ness conditioilS', come from gov.ernment'. . Fur­ firm. The businessman must also size up his our interests· througflou1t the· world and1 at thermore, many statfstics are· by-products of particular market, determine the prices he home. other go-vernmental activftfes: from the Ih­ has to pay for what he buys and charge for :r know we share ai deep· concern for the ternal Revenue Bureau c.ome tax data, from what he- sells, engage. in cost accounting; to protectfol'l. of' out" na.tlon11;11 mterests· and our un-em-proyment t:nsurancs d'epartments" come estlm'ate his costs~ and so on. But none of this natfenar seeurity,. and' worlting- closely to­ estftnates oj'. the unemploY.ed'.. from customs· activity-- is· really dependent upon the gether we- ca,n: p'I'~ide the> tools in the For­ afffces come de.ta; en foreign trade, from• the omnfum-gatherum of statisticaL facts about eign Assists.nee' A'.e'll tC!J' meet the- challenges we· Federal: :Reserve fl.ow statistics on banking, the· economy ingested by the Feder.al' govern­ face through'Out· the world. and so on. And as new statistical technfques· ment. The businessman, like the consumer, I we;nted Yl)U to have the'Se thoughts as-you are cfevel<:>ped, new divisions or· government knows and learns about his particular market prepare ta consider· th:is- year"!; foreign aid. d'ep·artments a;re created' to refine and' use through his daily, experience. authorization. them. Bureaucrats as well as statist reformers, I hope that I can count on your support The burgeoning of government statistics however, are in a completely different state December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3871l

of affairs. They are decidedly 01itside the 2 MacNell and Betz, op. cit., pp. 90-91. Place and Central Ave. in the name of her late market. Therefore, in order to get "Into" the a On the deficiencies of statistics as com­ husband, Col. Leon H. Washington Jr., situation that they are trying to plan and pared to the personal knowledge of all par­ founder and publisher of The Sentinel). reform, they must obtain knowledge that is ticipants utilized on the free market, see Mayor Thomas Bradley, District Manager/ not personal, day-to-day experience; the only the illuminating discussion 1n F. A. Hayek, Postmaster, James J. Symbol, Honored form that such knowledge can take is sta­ Individualism and the Economic Order (Chi­ Guests and Friends. tistics.3 Statistics are the eyes and ears of cago: University of Chicago Press, 1948), It was more than 40 years ago that my the bureaucrat, the politician, the socialistic Chapter 4. Also see Geoffrey Dobbs, On Plan­ late husband, Mr. Leon H. Washington Jr., reformer. ning the Earth (Liverpool: K.R.P. Pubs., came to Los Angeles to make this city his Only by statistics can they know, or at 1951)' pp. 77-86. home and to build a career as a newspaper least have any idea about, what is going on "' As early as 1863, Samuel B. Ruggles, publisher. in the economy.4 Only by statistics can they American delegate to the International Sta­ Shortly after he arrived here in Los An­ find out how many old people have rickets, tistical Congress in Berlin, declared: "Statis­ geles, he headed for Central Ave. and the or how many young people have cavities, or tics are the very eyes of the statesman, en­ "East Side," the area, this area, which is how many Eskimos have defective sealskins-­ abling him to survey and scan with clear and better known today perhaps as "Southeast and therefore only by statistics can these in­ comprehensive vision the whole structure Los Angeles." terventionists discover who "needs" what and economy of the body politic." For more It was here that he made roots. It was throughout the economy, and how much 011 the interrelation of statistics-and stat­ here that he founded the Los Angeles Sen­ Federal money should be channeled in what isticians-and the government, see Murray tinel. It was here that he carried on a directions. And certainly, only by statistics, N. Rothbard, "The Politics of Political Econ­ romance with a community of people whom can the Federal government make even a fit­ omists: Comment," The Quarterly Journal he loved dearly. of Economics ful attempt to plan, regulate, control, or re­ (November, 1960), pp. 659-65. LOVED THE AREA form various industries-or impose central Also see Dobbs, op. cit. planning and socialization on the entire eco­ 6 Government policy depends upon much Yes, Mr. Washington loved this area where nomic system. If the government received no detailed knowledge about the Nation's em­ we sit and stand today. He loved this com­ railroad statistics, for example, how in the ployment, production, and purchasing power. munity more than any other. world could it even start to regulate railroad The formulation of legislation and adminis- Mr. Washington was to become a widely­ rates, finances, and other affairs? How could trative progress .... Supervision ... regulation traveled man. But this was his turf. He never the government impose price controls if it • . . and control ... must be guided by knowl- stayed away for long. He always returned . didn't even know what goods have been sold edge of a wide range of relevant facts. Today During his career as Publisher of the Los on the market, and what prices were prevail­ as never before, statistical data play a major Angeles sentinel, Mr. Washington launched ing? Statistics, to repeat, are the eyes and role in the supervision of Government activ­ many successful campaigns on behalf of his ears of the interventionists: of the intel­ ities. Administrators not only make plans beloved people. Two of them, I believe, gave lectual reformer, the politician, and the gov­ in the light of known facts in their :field of him more satisfaction than the others. ernment bureaucrat. Cut off those eyes and interest, but also they must have reports on One was his famous campaign, "Don't ears, destroy those crucial guidelines to the actual progress achieved in accomplishing Spend Your Money Where You Can't Work." knowledge, and the whole threat of govern­ their goals." Report on Budgeting and Ac­ The other was his campaign for a new ment intervention is almost completely counting, op. cit., pp. 91-92. "Kearney Station Post Office." eliminated.G Both ideas, both campaigns, were born out It is true, of course, that even deprived of of an obvious need. all statistical knowledge of the nation's af­ Once he began the Post Office Campaign, fairs, the government could still try to inter­ HONORING A CIVIL RIGHTS there was no way in which he could be vene, to tax and subsidize, to regulate and ADVOCATE denied. He was totally committed to the control. It could try to subsidize the aged project. Cong. Augustus Hawkins, Cong. even without having the slightest idea of Edward R. Roybal, Councilman Gilbert Lind­ how many aged there are and where they are HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS say, local, regional, and national Post Office located; it could try to regulate an industry OF CALIFORNIA officials, and many others can tell you that without even knowing how many firms there Mr. Washington simply wouldn't take "NO" are or any other basic facts of the industry; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the Post Office. it could try to regulate the business cycle Monday, December 9, 1974 CONCRETE EVIDENCE without even knowing whether prices or business activity are going up or down. It Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, some­ The old post office was totally inadequate could try, but it would not get very far. The times Americans are amazed at how ef­ for this community, he said. A new Post utter chaos would be too patent and too evi­ Office, he said, would help to restore the fective they can be, when a job needs community. It would be concrete evidence dent even for the bureaucracy, and certainly doing. A great fighter for the rights of tor the citizen. And this is especially true that the federal government, as well as local since one of the major reasons put forth for the downtrodden and weary, and a long­ political leaders and Post Office officials, were government intervention is that it "corrects" time newspaperman in my district, by interested in the well-being of this the markets, and makes the market and the the name of Col. Leon Washington, Jr., community. economy more rational. Obviously, if the passed away recently. But his name will Mr. Washington not only campaigned for government were deprived of all knowledge not soon be forgotten, and mainly due the new Post Office here, he actually whatever of economic affairs, there could not to a struggle he engaged in over the crusaded for it. Many of you here know even be a pretense of rationality in govern­ building of a new post office in the 21st that ... because he enlisted you in his ment intervention. Surely, the absence of Congressional District. He fought hard crusade. statistics would absolutely and immediately I have a photograph which vividly reveals wreck any attempt at socialistic planning. It and long for this facility, because he how much this New Post Office meant to Mr. is difficult to see what, for example, the cen­ felt that the community needed it and Washington. tral planners at the Kremlin could do to plan because it would reflect Government's The photograph was made during a time the lives of Soviet citizens if the planners concern over their citizen's well-being. when Mr. Washington felt that the federal were deprived of all information, of all statis­ The post office was finally built and government was responding too slowly to his tical data, about these citizens. The govern­ assigned a name. campaign. In the photograph, he is sitting ment would not even know to whom to give in a chair on this very site. He is wearing orders, much less how to try to plan an intri­ Upon Colonel Washington's death, the cate economy. local citizens felt that a prideful monu­ an overcoat and he is holding a picket sign. ment to his great dedication to com­ The picket sign asks a question: "WHERE Thus, in all the host of measures that have IS THE POST OFFICE?" l:>een proposed over the years to check and munity pursuits needed rewarding. A limit government or to repeal its interven­ move was developed to rename the post GOT THE WORD tions, the simple and unspectacular abolition office-the Leon Washington Post Of­ Well, finally, Mr. Washington received of government statistics would probably be fice. On Saturday, October 12, 1974, the word that the new Post Office would be built the most thorough and the most effective. post office was officially renamed in on this site where we are today. When he Statistics, so vital to statism, its namesake, honor of Colonel Washington. received that news from Cong. Hawkins, Mr. is also the State's Achilles' heel. At the dedication ceremonies, Colonel Washington was a very happy man. FOOTNOTES Washington's wife, Mrs. Ruth Wash­ He was happy and he was proud. Literally, 1 Cf. Neil MacNeil and Harold W. Metz, The he beamed for days. And when actual con­ Hoover Report 1953-1955 (New York: Mac­ ington, delivered a fine speech for the struction began, he closely watched every millan, 1956, pp. 90-91; Commission on Or­ occasion. I would like to enter her pres­ facet of it. In a manner of speaking, the ganization of the Executive Branch of the entation into the RECORD: New Post Office was his baby, and he wanted Government, Task Force Report on Paper­ "WASH" WOULD BE PROUD to see it grow. work Management (Washington: June, (No'.l'E.-The following is the complete text Mr. Washington wasn't thinking in terms 1955) ; and idem, Report on Budgeting and of the speech Mrs. Ruth Washington made of building a monument to himself here. As_ Accotmting (Washington: February, 1949). at the dedication of the post office at 43rd I have said, he saw a need for a new, modern 38712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Dece1nber 9, 19 7 4 Post. OtDce here, one which would serve the must take to eradicate ail' pollution, and how practices naturally- assume that new regul'a­ people batter, one in which they could take cLi.fficu1t, are they·? tions should apply only; when levels of pol­ community pr1de0 one which reassured them A few facts· wm helP' us. understand this lutants are unequivocably demonstrated to that their& was s.tm. ai great communitF. problem. have se11ious harmfui> .effects. Those focusing That's what the new Post, omce meant to Since the. passage· of the €1.ean Ail! Ac.t on the heaLth o! the- ecosystem believe laws Mr. Washington. Amendments, et l.9170, thtr- majo11 reduction. should be d.r.a.wn with the philosophy that EflGH HONOR in pollutants has. nesulted from the. conver­ no m.a.n-made eonta1lline.nts should be per­ sion from eo.al as a fuei to- low-sulfur oil anu mitted unless proven in detail to be truly And, now, thl'ough the graee and' goodness natural gas as a fuel .. harmless. , of POstmaster' General Klassen, our befoved Air quality projections for the Los Angeles Much ef the legislation in this field has Congressmen 11awklns and Roybal•, a.n'd· Air Basin show· that. even if all auto.mobiles been written with the. relatively narrow view others, Mr. Washington is being paid· the met the original Cleain Air Act emission that aur technological, market-oriented high honor of having the· new Post Office staindards, air qualit~ would begin· to deterl­ society would, given the, propeJ.T stimulus, named for' hfin. oJ.Tate again in the ea.11ly 1980's simply because develop the technolag;y; to control pollution. I stand 1n for Mr~ Washington here· today. of the continued growth in automobile use. without any majo:tt change in values. The And E can tell yeu tha11 I am humbled: by Research on ail! pollution has, continued specific legislative approaches. ta. ac.complish the honor, the tribute, you are' paying my to discover new. pollutants· and new and this end have varied. The Feder.al law alone Jiusba.n:d. But I can also tell you this: I !eel highen margin of safety le\!els for. pollutants has, undergone several major revisions, be­ very proud1 toda-y·,. too. 1n order to protect, th& public health, which ginning with the Clean Air Act of 1963, I man be• eternall'y grateful to you. in turn demand hig}J.er levels of pollution which mandated a Federal role in this, :field, on behalf of Mr. Washington~ and :for my­ control. and climaxing with·. the primatryj law 1n the self, I say ••• thank you. Thank you veey, The cost, in dollars and in energy-, of air field of air pollution control, the "Clean Air very much. pollution control technology increases ex­ Act Amenchnents of 1970" (PL. 91-604; Dec. ponentially as; we; approa.cb zero emissions. 31, 1970). Energ¥ demand proje.et1on& b,y gpvermnent The- elianges in the Clean Air Ac.t paralleled AIR POLLUTION a.:nd non-gov.eJ:ll.m.ent. sources, pl'edi-ct that change& in public attitudes as. a, whole. FOr without sharp· restltlctlons• on ene11gy use- or examj>le, there: de:velQped increasing recog­ supply, e:nerg~ consumption will increase bl' nLtion that.. air. pollution was. l!ID.t, a. local HOR. JAMES W.,, SYMINGTON: a.ml)ther 50 % by 19.85· at1.d1 150 %, by- the, yea.r proll>lem.. This was· nQt, onl~ b.eca.use· a.lit poll:w­ -ol1l' MIS30m'Lr' 20:00. tion cr.ossecL state. lines, b..ut he.cause- the by the; year- 2.00.9. part of a nationai: e~onomy, and1 poll'uillion Kaaday.., Jleumbec· 9',, 1ia'l4 011.cons.umptlim la also; expected. to)increase was therefore. a national prduct. b~ some 50/~ by 1!985,. although the: amount Ano.ther key development in the, 1970 Mr.. S'nMINGTOR Mr. Speaker., our of imported oil i& expected,, h'Opefully, ta be am.e:ndm:ents; was· the: res0lution of.. the argu­ colleague GEQRGE. Bl£ow,11it 0.i Caidfomia Iess; than that. used today. ment, over whether controls. should b.e. based has; Pliese:m.ted in his•usuar Ille-id. and. pel'­ Rain:f'all pattenis- near urban centers. have on health &tanda-rds\, or on. the bas.ls, of. eco­ suasive fashfon a. paper on. a.IF pollution changed dramaticall~ .. due ta the raln-blduc­ nomic, and technological fe.asibillty. The which treats- the, subject, iDJ the peJ!!IPec­ ing particulates :tar down-wind of cities. legislative history is instructive: here. The tive it deserves. I urge tile: members; tG Precursors al ozone, the agent most re­ report. that accompanied' the blll1 when it sponsible for damage to agricultural products, was. sent. to the· U.S. Senate. floo.l!" stated:, read. .tf th~ W,ish ta un«erstarul. the it are sa. widely, dispersed in. the. lower atmos­ "In• the, committee discussions.• , eonsiden­ subd;ect• . phere-that high ozone; levels are· now detected abl'e. concern w.as ex.pressed negarding, the· use Am Pient San Francisco, California. Mr. Brow.n 1s a such te.chnological ftxes; The- national di­ air qua.lit~ standards. protective of health is Member of Congress from the a6th Congres­ lemma is that we are faced with a variety techni~ally feasiblIIe;. and (2); the growth of sional District o! Callfornfa.)' o:t proposals· for- eontinued· growth in the use pa.ll'utton load fn, many, areas, ev-en with. I llave- ehm;en the' trtle' "Air· Pollution. Is· a. of fossil i:uels to: produce energy for the· next applica.ttons 0f. a.v.allable· technology,. would Soc11a.l Disease'' 1n order to stre'Ss seve11al' se.v.er.a.I gener&;tions.., with a-pp.a.rent]¥ the in­ still be· delete:rlous, t<» public-, health.. There­ ev.itable· b-yproduct. of' liazavd.ous air p.ollu.­ fore, the. Committee, determined that. exist.­ pofn11s• An"poltut!101neally1s wcllsease scna­ ease- of. the biosphere in which we alll lllve. tion. As we: increa'Se- the' us.e of energy, we- aTe Ing, sources of pollutants either should meet most likely to further- the spread of the c;I1s­ the: standard of' the or be closedt down~ In ~ nwre> 11Iian symbolle sense· we are- s part raw e6Se.. o.! all: pall:u.tion. Thus. energy p-ol'Icy and' in addition that new sourees sho.uld• be of the' biospfler~ We help to susta;ftl it, aud 1s it helps,- 1u·e because thi& conference. is concerned with the. vJruleirt, mlmli!esta1tibns of t1iat p'Olr.utfon l'oom. for ambiguity.. atr poll'utlon pl'imarny, I think ft ls appra­ We are now at. the. point 1n. air pollution. m the hwna.n body, which ma.yr include 11he­ p?late- to review some· of the background to controL in the, United. States whei:e. the law.a ponution emphysema or the· polh1tion ot oi a.ii'· palTution can:tirolB• are strict enoug)l to accomplish' the. goal,, b.ut cancer. Whille a.1r polau:ticm. has been a matter· of because the enforcement of these· laws ma;y Air poltution res.eml!>les a social disea;se­ s~ntific; and soctaI conc.erni for severar hun,. force, drastic changes,, and conflict, with other tha;t euphemistrc. expression for a itariety dred yea11s,, and1• l&ws· regµla.'ting the; location social vaJ:u.es, enfor~ement a;gencie.s are, balk­ of venereal diseases-because it 1s; gener.all¥ a.nd type of. fuel bur:wu:s have: been in. eff.ect ing- at maltfug this· eilEI t .. caused by; human beings doing something :for decades, serla.us.. systematic air pollu­ DespHe that bra..v.e) lang,uage of the Clean tb.ey really; enjoy" without con5idering all tion control tecllnol'ogies. have, only been Air Act, we have not eliminated air pollu­ of the consequences. That something- that applied very recently. The early air pollution tion, nor have we even. reduced a.Ir pollution causes air p·onution is' generally excessive control laws were not based' upon any rigor­ ta. the level required to protect the public consumption, excessive. waste, excessive use ous- scientific criteria. ot emission U:mitations health. The final date to attain the ambient of high-powered·, highly poll'uting automo., of' a.m.bient air quality- standards: Nor were air quality standards is 1977, but few, if biles, and a variety of. other· excesses in the they applied equiall'y throughout the industry any, regions of the country appear likely use of physical products· and energy. Just as to me.et them for all pollutants. The. exist­ or the eountry; The- must stringent controls· ing law is not perfect, but very few of. the careless and irresponsible sexual activity can were, naturally enough, required in the aTeas· attacks on the Clean Air Act, have ~een in­ result in venereal. disease;, careless and irre­ that had the most. active· eitizen interest, sponsible· attitudes· toward the use and con­ spired by those who. wish to streng_then it. such as Los· AngeleSJ CoWil ty. Jin most cases; The easiest f'orm of attack on the. imple­ sumption of natuJ.Te'&. materia.l bounty ca.'Uses these, areas also) had!. the must severe cases mentation of the Clean Air Act is to criticize at: pollution. There is an analogy alsn be­ of pollution. Public involvement sp.read, the the ambient air quality standards as being tween VD a.nd air pollution in our common. areas of control spread, and the basis for "too stringent". This approach does not at­ attitude o! refusing to !ace up to th-e two those controls; became mo.re :firmly established tack the existence of "goals", but instead problems publlcly, to talk about them ratlon­ in science, law and administrative practice. attempts to "correct'" those goals-. This at­ all'y, to recognize the difficult steps we. must Every step of this process involved a long and tack is usually based on the itssumption 1lhat take to eradicate them. With VD, shame a.nd difficult struggle. the- burden of scientific proof in enforcing embarrassment inhibit us. With air pollution, An often unspoken underlying difference environmental law, ~pecially in the face of conYentional attitudes about economic of viewpoint in this struggre has been the economic dislocation, is to show that a given growtlh, the gcrod ll'fe, and' oth-er valued social question or- on whom lay; 1ffie· burden of proof level of a polfutant is without a doubt harm­ goals, inlilbit our thoughts and actions, ini establishing poll'Ution-eontrol stamfan:ls. fur to l\e-al'th or property. Because much of What are some o:f these difficult steps we Those with an economic stake· in on-going society agrees that the burden does in :fact December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38713 rest with those who want to regulate pollu­ done with science and technology. Another lowance) . These efforts are incremental steps tion, as opposed to those who wish to pollute, author described it this way: "The inherent toward the steady-state. this has been a relatively effective line of danger of technological solutions to environ­ The hard questions associated with these criticism. The resulting controversy has mental problems ls that they give the im­ policies are already confronting us. The ma­ caused the Senate Public Works Committee, pression that the problem is being tackled jor question is one of equity. Amory Lovins which authored the original act, to commis­ and, in a society geared to growth, this allows said of the steady-state, "Perhaps most diffi­ sion a National Academy of Sciences study the system to continue its headlong rush." cult will be the need to face the issue of dis­ on the Federal ambient air quality stand­ The "poll utlon taxes"· will only be truly effec­ tribution rather than following the 'let them ards. Despite the implicit acceptance of the tive to the extent that they begin to regulate eat growth' theory; physical stabilization heavy burden of proof, the Executive Sum­ material growth itself. will entail much moral growth, and the re­ mary of that report stated "In general, the A very real limit to most environmental cycling of such nearly-extinct society values evidence that has accumulated since the legislation, then, is its lack of comprehen­ as thrift, neighborliness, craftsmanship, and promulgation of the Federal ambient air siveness, and its inherently narrow approach simplicity." If we do not confront this issue quality standards by the EPA Administrator to the problem. While the claims that pollu­ now, in the non-steady state world, it will on April 30, 1971, support those standards. tion controls will cause industry to close only loom larger in the steady-state. Hence, on balance, the panels found no sub­ down are usually overdrawn, this possibility The economy of the material steady-state stantial basis for changing the standards." is not always out of the question, as men­ would differ from that economy which we Presumably this line of attack on the air tioned above. This is a situation in which now have. With a constant or only slowly pollution control strategies mandated by the values, not scientific facts, are in conflict, increasing level of production of physical Clean Air Act will now be weakened. and this conflict in values must be recog­ goods, economic growth could be expected The second most frequent form of attack nized. in the non-physical areas of services and is to criticize the emission standards of both The environmental movement did em­ leisure. In addition, the physical goods that mobile and stationary sources. These criti­ brace the view that growth in production are produced could be expected to be of a cisms are also based on scientific arguments, and consumption of material goods is not as greater quality and have a longer life time of and they have been most vehemently raised important as the quality of life, and that use. by the automobile manufacturers, who be­ common economic indicators, such as the Beyond the physical distribution of goods lieved that the auto emission standards were Gross National Product, did not reflect the in the steady-state, there are other questions more restrictive than necessary (especially quality of life. The Congress, when it passed that we should examine, even in the present the NOx standard) in order to achieve the environmental legislation, voiced some of society. The steady-state will require a great ambient air quality standards. The ~atlonal these same views. However, this was no more deal of restraint, which will require more Academy of Sciences also looked into this than rhetoric until the hard facts of appli­ planning for the future than practiced in question, and while their findings were some­ cation arose. Now we are faced with the real­ the growth state, and this will require a what more ambiguous for this study, they ity that our style of life will really have to great deal of moral growth on the part of still would not recommend changing the auto change, and that social and economic struc­ government and people. There will be in­ emission standards for NOx or hydrocarbons. tures will have to be modified. This prospect creasing emphasis on opportunity for con­ The effort to relax the NOx standard is not has given many former environmental advo­ tinued artistic, intellectual, scientific and over, but it is unlikely that it will be justified cates second thoughts. Lewis Mumford, in his spiritual growth. The place of the individual on the basis of any sound, scientific argu­ monumental book. The Pentagon of Power, in society could be expected to be elevated ments. Both of these challenges to the Clean said "Reformers who would treat the cam­ in the steady-state. It could be a place where Air Act were more examples of clashing paign against environmental and human "creative simplicity" would :flourish. values than of simple disagreements over degradation solely in terms of improved tech­ The concept of the steady-state is not scientific facts. The determination and inter­ nological facilities, like the reduction of gas­ truly new. John Stuart Mill wrote in 1857 pretation of the standards, is, and will con­ oline exhaust in motor cars, see only a small that the "stationary condition of capital and tinue to be, an area where value judgments part of the problem. Nothing less than a pro­ population" was an inevitable condition that enter in. People who have different priorities found re-orientation of our vaunted techno­ should not be feared because "there would Will give the benefit of the doubt to different logical 'way of life' will save this planet from be as much scope as ever for all kinds of sides of the same question. This is a limita­ becoming a lifeless desert. . .• For its effec­ mental culture, and moral and social tion with legislation that is frequently tive salvation mankind will need to undergo progress." ignored. something like a spontaneous religious con­ It might also be added that science and This leads us to the most common criti­ version: one that will replace the mechani­ technology would play a major role in achiev­ cism of the Clean Air Act, and of all environ­ cal world picture with an organic world pic­ ing and maintaining the steady-state. The mental controls, for that matter. This is the ture, and give to the human personality, as transition will require the use of the so­ debate over technological and economic feasi­ the highest known manifestation of life, the phisticated tools of society, and our survival bil1ty. These two subjects are usually lumped precedence it now gives to its machines and will depend on it. However, in the steady­ together, with the implication that if the computers. This order of change is as hard state, technology would remain as a tool technology to control a particular pollutant for most people to conceive as was the change is not economical under a given set of cir­ that would be carefully used, and controlled. from the classic power complex of Imperial The mate·rial steady-state then, may be cumstances, then it is not available. However, Rome to that of Christianity, or, later, from pollution control technologies can usually be an inevitable condition because of the phys­ supernatural medieval Christianity to the ical limits to growth, including technological made economical by changes in the tax law, machine-modeled ideology of the seven­ or the pricing mechanism, provided that the growth, but it does not necessarily have to teenth century. But such changes have re­ be a condition to be feared or struggled changes are applied to all similar industries. peatedly occurred all through history; and As we approach the need for "zero" emissions against. under catastrophic pressure they may occur I have attempted, in these brief remarks, in certain industries that use extremely toxic again." substances, such as radioactive materials, or to describe the :flaw of the "technological This analysis of the magnitude of change fix" to the social disease of air pollution. I carcinogens, the claim that the standards required to shift from the present material may be economically or technologically im­ have not meant to leave the impression that growth oriented society to the material the "fixes" which technology can generate possible to obtain, and still maintain pro­ steady-state can be depressing. Most of you duction, may be true. In situations such as are not worth the effort. Instead, techno­ may doubt that it is necessary, or that if such logical controls should be applied along with these, we should look very carefully at the a change is necessary, doubt that it will be industry in question. The question of tech­ other controls, and all controls should be as difficult as Mumford describes. But even improved, as should the research that estab­ nical feasibility then becomes the question if Mumford exaggerates, he does provide us of whether we can live without the product, lishes the need for those controls. But we with some interesting areas to explore. must realize that more remains to be done. and whether we can cope With the disloca­ What will a steady-state society that em­ tions caused by ending production. The limits imposed by pollution and other braces "an organic world picture" be like? deleterious consequences of growth are real, The most frequent recommendation of re­ First of all, we can be sure that it will be formers to make a technology economical is different. We can also be sure that opportuni­ and must be confronted. This confrontation to have a "pollution tax" that would begin ties for non-material growth will be increas­ has led me to conclude that our current way the process of "internalizing the external­ ingly available. Nevertheless, the implica­ of life must change to one with greatly ities." If this is done uniformly across the tions of the material steady-state are diminished emphasis on material growth. country, it is argued, the control of pollution tremendous, and they have not been very This recognition is spreading, and it ls grad­ would be accomplished naturally within the ually being reflected in new laws at the local, market system. thoroughly examined. Given the power of the status-quo to enforce its will, it ls doubt­ State and Federal level. The attractiveness of this approach is ob­ These laws are creating new conflicts, and vious. The industry that produces a pollutant ful that any such revolutionary change will would have to absorb the costs of contro111ng occur without a "catastrophe" to force that new demands. The people at this conference, it. While I cannot disagree with the intent, change. Even so, some of the policies we are representing government, universities, and nor even the logic of this argument, I be­ now pursuing do move us in this direction. the medical profession, are among the most lieve it will, once again, only give us an illu­ The pollution standards we have are likely aware individuals in the country on this sion of a solution. This approach will not to be followed by pollution taxes. This will problem, and by virtue of your superior solve the root problem, which is the need probably be followed in short order by a de­ knowledge, you have information that is to accept limits as to what can or should be pletion tax (versus the present depletion al- needed by the entire society. You best un- 38714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 dersta.nd your own findings, and the impli­ ers, or even weeds. Pollyanna is dead, her attitudinal progress, i.e., in the women's cations of those findings, as they involve grave long since vandalized and sprayed with field and civil rights. Remember that this is human health and if you spoke out on this graffiti. Dr. Pangloss's euphoria has given still the most emulated country in the world. issue, and the related issue of growth, you way to the Club of Rome's tocsins. Good Therefore very few nations who are saying would be listened to. The public has great news is an irretrievable ghost, like convert­ they would really like to model themselves respect for your professional positions, and ibles and safe streets. And peace. after the Soviet Union." your motives are generally above reproach. Or is it? Americans have a pecular appetite Technology likes to perform its tricks on­ We politicians are not so fortunate. for superlatives, even negative superlatives. stage and its real miracles in the dressing In my own congressional district there is It is not enough for traffic to be bad; it must room. Christmas shoppers a.re happily aware an excellent example of how members of be the worst. Weather cannot be wet; it must that pocket calculators are now about one­ the medical profession can successfully in­ be the rainiest fall on record. Times cannot third of last year's price and that before long, fluence public policy. Representatives of the be merely depressing; they must be devasta­ transistors and printed circuitry will provide Riverside County Medical Assocbtion have ting. But this attitude is at odds with the TV sets so thin and flat that we wm be able given their time and expertise to public evidence. Certainly the items of cheer are to hang them on the wall like engravings. Of hearings, and to serving on public boards sparse. But to ignore them is to lose all sense far gre•ater and subtler potential are discov­ and commissions, directly advising politi­ of proportion, just as a penny held too close eries that do not immediately reach the con­ cians and administrators about air pollu­ to the eye can blot out the sky. sumer. The maligned space program, for in­ tion and related issues. This has led them to It is no surprise that Americans eat well, stance, has produced satellites and observa­ discuss land use questions, mass public but just how well is an astonishment (some tories that can survey a nation's military transportation, automotive emission controls, would call it a disgrace). It took the worst potential. Such hardware is the unspoken public education and other major public is­ weather in a generation to keep the country guarantor of the SALT talks between Russia. sues, all related to the causes of air pollu­ from enjoying a record food output this year. and the U.S., and perhaps of detente itself. tion. The doctors in my areas have been the As it was, the U.S. produced the fourth Geologists have begun to tap the geothermal most effective speakers on air pollution largest grain harvest in history. In addition, energy of volcanoes in Mexico and the Azores. within the community. Similar actions have farmers this year will bring nearly 23 billion New offshore oil deposits have been discov­ occurred at the State and Federal level, but lbs. of beef to market, an average of some ered in such economically eroded countries as these efforts have been much more diffuse 100 lbs. per citizen. Pork production is up Italy and Britain. Researchers have just dis­ and therefore much less effective. over last year; turkey production has set a covered a new subatomic particle. True, the Your keynote speaker this morning, Dr. record-135 million birds, causing a refresh­ explorers are not certain about what they Herschel Griffin, participated in one of the ing drop in prices. The fish supply will total have found; pure science seldom knows until major efforts to provide scientific informa­ about 12.5 lbs. per person, nearly equal to years later. But then, who would have tion for use in determining public policy. last year's record consumer purchase. Hunger dreamed that blackboard physics of 70 years The Health Effects panel of the National has not been eliminated in America, but 15 a.go would ultimately lead to nuclear power? Academy of Sciences study on air pollutants mill1on people supplement their diet with Of course, technology is justly blamed for did not extrapolate their findings out to their food stamps, and 9 m11lion children receive creating many of our problems-from over­ logical conclusions. I realize that this was free or reduced-price school lunches. And loading us with unneeded gadgets to fouling not their purpose, but at this time of pub­ with all this, the nation has sent abroad our seas and skies. But it is technology that lic confusion, health experts would do the more than 80% of the world's total food we count on to solve the very problems it has Nation a great service if they would defend aid-some 70 million lbs. a day. created. Despite a growing reluctance to meet the existing environmental laws in a con­ If the economy is unhealthy, the Ameri­ the heavy cost of environmental regulations, vincing manner before public forums. With­ can consumer has never been healthier­ vigorous enforcement of these laws and tech­ out such efforts by members of the medical medically speaking. Americans are free of nological innovations have begun to cleanse and scientific professions, it is left to poli­ many diseases that not long ago ravaged the the nation's air and water. The atmosphere ticians such as myself to use and explain country. Vaccines are available that can send in New York City, Chicago and Los Angeles the findings and the implications of those polio and measles the way of diphtheria and is cleaner than la.st year, and fish are flour­ findings to the public. I, and most other whooping cough. Synthetics a.re used to re­ ishing once again in Lake Erle and the Hud­ elected public officials, need your help. Be­ place many worn-out body parts, and even son River. tween us we can cure the social disease of organ transplants have become relatively Good news does not always arrive in cap­ air pollution. Let's get on with the job. commonplace. Machines routinely supple­ ital letters or accompanied by trumpets. Tor­ ment the function of failing kidneys. There mented by economic distress, Americans may are new methods of detecting and treating be disregarding some extremely significant genetic defects. Hypertension is becoming and heartening items. Within the past week, more manageable; the coronary-bypass op­ President Ford granted full pardons to eight P.S.: THERE IS SOME GOOD eration has made productive citizens of in­ convicted war resisters, evidence that the NEWS, TOO valids. Even certain cancers, notably Hodg­ passions of Viet Nam are finally burning out. kin's disease and leukemia, have shown There are no longer any American troops remarkable remissions under treatment. In­ fighting and dying in that country, and the HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK fant mortality is less than 19 per thousand, draft has been successfully abolished; the OF MINNESOTA and the contemporary child can expect to live volunteer Army is in fact oversubscribed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES four years longer than his parents. This may Congress has begun to reform its creaky, out­ be a mixed blessing, considering our baffle­ moded machinery. Nelson Rockefeller is Monday, December 9, 1974 ment about how to use those bonus years, but likely to be confirmed as Vice President, per­ Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, while we it is still impressive that adults today may be haps providing the Executive Branch with are all only too well aware of the many expected to enjoy the greatest longevity of the domestic authority it has so far failed any Americans in history. to exercise. Overseas, where shadows deepen, serious problems that face us individ­ Politics is not celebrated for the manu­ there are still a few glimpses of good. The ually and as a nation, I believe the re­ facture of good news-except in campaign limitation on offensive weapons agreed upon cent essay in Time magazine makes a promises. Yet the nation has successfully by the U.S. and the Soviets is too high; but very important point that we must, for weathered its severest constitutional crisis the point is that a ceiling has been set, and our own benefit, keep our present prob­ without producing oligarchy or chaos. The at lea.st the agreement is an expression of lems in the proper perspective. three-way division of powers, which has pro­ each side's continuing desire for detente. The essay follows: voked more funeral orations than Julius Syria has allowed the U.N. peace-keeping P.S.: THERE'S SOME GOOD NEWS, Too Caesar, still functions. If the recent election force to stay on for another six months, showed evidence of apathy, it also provided granting some hope for further negotiations. One has two duties-to be worried and examples of vigor. Harvard Sociologist Greece is slowly returning to a democratic not to be worried.-E. M. Forster Thomas Pettigrew sees "serious good news" form of government. U.S. relations with In­ It is the first of these two duties that in the massive gains that blacks made in dia, so long strained, have begun to show seems these days to consume America's wak­ Congress and state legislatures. Connecticut's some improvement. . ing-and sleeping-hours. The nightmare Ella Grasso, the first woman to become Gov­ On a less global note, there are a few in­ fantasies have become tangible. An undertow ernor without benefit of her husband's coat­ dicators of economic optimism. Nature may of hopelessness and helplessness tugs at tails, is a symbol of the growing numbers of not have been kind to farm crops, but she every conversation. The dolors of recession, women who seek and win elective office. Op­ ha.s smiled upon vintners; this year's grape the possibility of a Middle East holocaust, timists may be an endangered species, but harvest in France and California will be more the random violence erupting in crimes news like this keeps them from becoming ex­ bountiful and cheaper than its predecessors. against people, and indeed against civiliza­ tinct. Political Analyst Ben Wattenberg (The A number of food chains have vowed not to tion-the awful litany grows longer by the Real America) , among the hardiest of the raise prices through the end of the year. The hour until the West seems to be sinking species, argues that Americans are "a tough out-of-sight costs of materials and labor under its own weight, as if programmed by minded, wise, shrewd people. They've coped have had some hidden benefits. Millions Oswald Spengler. with assasination, an awful Viet Nam War, have become craftsmen; the arcana of car­ In such a season of despair, it set::ms idle city riots, political scandal and all the while pentry, plumbing and auto repair have been to poke through the rubble looking for fl.ow- made an e~ormous amount of material and· revealed. to those who once . thought they . December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38715 possessed ten thumbs. In a variety of flea determinism, fought lts way out of economic stations such as KHJ-TV and WOR-TV have markets, church bazaars and garage sales, disaster and adapted itself to the new cen­ the necessary flexibility to permit a three secondhand furniture and utensils trade tury ... The truth is that, far from being hour prime-time telecast." hands and are given a new life. The old dead, the belief in man, which ls the ground "Al Korn, Vice President in charge of Pro­ colonial virtues of "use it up, wear it out; of the American Proposition, ls now stronger gramming for RKO General Television, said: make it do, or do without" are back in style. in the U.S. than it has ever been, and poten­ "Anyone who watches all three hours of this Metalworking, canning, weaving and bread tially stronger in the world, for it ls now. show and can't save money the next day baking are becoming the sober and neces­ the one great positive affirmation left." just wasn't really paying attention. We wm sary pursuits of the common citizen. Perhaps the problem is, at bottom, a fail­ feature over 170 people on the screen and In the other Hard Times, back in 1929, ure of perspective, an inabllity to see things will give the answers to 250 specific questions there was what Columnist Russell Baker as they were, as they are and as they might which relate to daily survival." called a "boom in love." Now, millions of be. Bemoaning his fate, the American is The segments will include a. question and families are finding that they have to stay obedient to W. H. Auden's dictum: "Sing answer period during which approximately home and save rather than go out and spend. of human unsuccess/In a rapture of dis­ 125 man-on-the-street questions will be an­ It may not herald a new epoch of romance, tress." He ls like those ancient fresco paint­ swered by a panel of twenty experts who wm but the New Hard Times-together with ers who, lacking the techniques of propor­ all be seen on the screen at the same·time. newly conservative sexual mores-may so­ tion, illustrated everything in profile and of Food, foreign travel, housing, transporta­ lidify more families than they dissolve. equal size. No matter how sophisticated its tion, medicine, insurance, and energy queries One of the happiest trends of the present martial or plastic arts, a society that judges . will be discussed by everyone from the crisis is an anti-nostalgia backlash. In The all phenomena without the gift of perspec­ neighborhood corner pharmacist to the direc­ Good Old Days-The!• Were Terrible!, Otto tive must in the end be judged primitive. tor of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Bettmann provides a horrific picture gallery In these bountiful, beleaguered times, the To dramatize just what inflation means to of the American past imperfect. "What we recognition that America needs to acquire the consumer, a Cost of Living B1llboard will have forgotten," he demonstrates, "is the that perspective could be the best news of be set up displaying 1967 as the Index Year hunger of the unemployed, crime, corrup­ all. with a visual comparison of what the same tion, the despair of the aged, the insane, the items would cost if purchased today. crippled. The world now gone was in no way, Handy Advice from the People We Deal spared the problems we consider horrend­ RKO GENERAL TELEVISION PRE­ with Everyday gleans information from an ously our own, such as pollution, addiction, SENTS 3-HOUR PROGRAM ON IN­ auto mechanic, butcher, supermarket man­ urban plight or educational turmoil." FLATION ager, appliance repairwoman, TV repairman, Naturally the fact that the past was miser­ and car dealer. In addition to saving by buy­ able does little to alleviate the miseries of ing-wisely in the first place, learn how to cut the present. No medical discovery, no scien­ corners more by doing your own simple tific breakthrough, no political initiative or HON. PETER A. PEYSER repairs. fresh economic approach can immeditaely OF NEW YORK Tight Money and the Mortgage explores the reduce the feeling that a way of life is ebb­ IN THE HOUES OF REPRESENTATIVES crisis in home owning. On hand with some ing, that neither American nor the world wm answers will be Wllliam Levitt, noted builder be the same. But in itself that is far from Monday, December 9, 1974 of Levittown, Long Island, plus a banking melancholy news. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, all of us vice president in charge of approving mort­ For the first time, Americans seem willing gages. Questions will be supplied by a young to acknowledge that no continent ls an in thls Chamber are agreed that infia­ couple who haven't been able to get a. bank island unto iteslf, that resources can no tion is public enemy No. 1. It is cruelly mortgage for their new home. They will tell longer be the exclusive property of the priv­ taxing everyone, particularly those who of the many barriers they have had to face ileged and that our bounty, however gen­ can least afiord it. in their effort to find a place of their own erous, is nonetheless finite. There are even I was pleased to be notified last week to live. some who hear, in the babel of violence and that RKO General Television will be Lewis Young, editor of Business Week, despair, a few melodies. Quiescent periods will lead a round table discussion on the of the past have always proved deceptive; offering an excellent public service pro­ gram on inflation. The program, a spe­ whys and woes of Wall Street. the gaiety of the '20s, the silence of the While some inflation problems are univer­ '50s, were both preludes to disaster. In the cial 3-hour presentation, will explore use­ sal, many are unique to one area, or at least somber, sober '70s, the probelms are there ful ways to combat infiation and useful the solutions are. For this reason one part for all to see-and try to solve. tips on how to stretch our hard-earned of "Inflation: A Few Answers" will be geared It is possible that Americans will provide inflationary-shrunk dollars. specifically to the Tri-State New York area some solutions. Only an amnesiac could be unaware that the nation's durability has I think this type of programing is most for WOR-TV viewers and to Southern Cali­ been grievously underestimated many useful, and I am enclosing a copy of the fornia for those watching on KHJ-TV. In­ times-during the Civil War and the Depres­ program notice for the information of cluded here will be instructions on where and my c:>lleagues. how to complain about almost everything in sion, global war and Viet Nam, assassination these vicinities: from lost packages to prod­ and resignation-and that somehow, its in­ The notice follows: uct mislabeling to over-priced services. credible res111ence prevailed. Yet there are RKO GENERAL TELEVISION IN ASSOCIATION many who, forgetting America's great "Inflation: A Few Answers" is produced by WITH "BUSINESS WEEK" PREPARES A 3-HOUR Al Korn. strength and ability to adapt, see today as SPECIAL-"INFLATION: A FEW ANSWERS"­ the very .worst of times. Columnist Joseph ON WOR-TV, NEW YORK AND KHJ- TV, Los Also:p, noting "the strange break that has ANGELES, TuESDAY, DECEMBER 10 overtaken the spirit of America," wrote re­ OVERCOMING WORLD FOOD cently: "Somehow, self-confidence and en­ (Newsman Sander Vanocur To Serve as Host) SHORTAGES ergy have been replaced by fear and impo­ The most devastating inflation of recent tence-and this in a nation grown far more decades is currently clamping the damper numerous, far richer, and far, far more on everyone's life-style, as well as posing a. powerful than the long ago America of my serious threat to the entire world's economic HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III youth. The more I think about it, the more and social systems. OF PENNSYLVANIA puzzling and inexplicable the subsequent At the Washington Conference on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES change in America has always seemed to be." Economy, President Ford said that the suc­ written about the reasons for this loss of cess or failure of our fight against inflation Monday, December 9, 1974 But is it so inexplicable? Much has been rests with every individual American. But Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, we shall soon confidence-Viet Nam, which taught us how and where does an individual tackle about the limits of our power; the energy such a broad, all-encompassing problem? consider House Resolution 1399, which crisis, which taught us about the limits of "Inflation: A Few Answers,'' an unprece­ expresses the sense of the House on the . our resources; Watergate, which taught us dented, new THREE hour special which will grave world food situation. I am pleased about the limitations of our leaders. Could be telecast on December 10th, 1 P.M. on to be a cosponsor of this resolution and it be that this emphasis on fear and im­ the two RKO General independent stations: am hopeful that my colleagues will dem­ potence is, in truth, serio,usly misplaced­ WOR-TV, New York and KHJ-TV, Los An­ onstrate both to the American people that it would be wiser to heed what Poet geles, is a good place to look for help. and the world our sincere interest in Archibald MacLeish said in a TV interview Said Robert L. Glaser, President of RKO combating hunger by showing our strong a couple of years ago: "When the Great De­ General Television, Inc., "Television must pression of the '30s brought Marxism and take an aggressive role in informing the support for this measure. the American Proposition face to face ..• public about economic solutions as well as As a result of high prices for food, there was every theoretical reason to sup­ merely reporting the ups and downs of finan­ energy, and fertilizer, the current world pose that Marxism would triumph. It did cial trends. Some topics such as inflation food supply is dangerously low and not ... because the American Proposition, require more time to · adequately cover all millions of people are facing famine. unimpressed with the mystique of economic the angles and fortunately independent Population growth and poor weather 38716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 conditions have only aggravated the pertise with the rest of the world and launched from KSC. Land must be re­ situation. Now many of the developing encourage all nations to develop their served in NASA's control to accommo­ nations are turning to the United States more accessible and, as yet, uncultivated date these current anc: future needs. We for assistance. arable acreage-every where in the have al.ready launched from KSC the We Americans have a history of pro­ world. Although we have already taken Apollo manned launches to the moon viding humanitarian assistance to less steps toward helping the food-deficient and the Skylab launches for that experi­ fortunate nations. We have had the good nations achieve self-sufficiency, a much mental manned earth orbital laboratory. judgment not to idly stand by in a world greater effort is needed. We are preparing for the 1975 launch of in which half the people are malnour­ The most significant contribution that an Apollo command module for the ished and the other half overfed. Perhaps we can make to the world food shortage Apollo-Soyuz test project. And con­ we have failed in solving the problems of is to help the developing countries grow struction has begun on the runway for world hunger-but at least we have enough food to feed themselves. the Shuttle program. Other follow-on made a start. We cannot stress enough, to those programs are already in various stages Under the Marshall plan, between malnourished countries, the pitfalls of of planning and definition. 1948 and 1954, we shipped over $10 bil­ diverting any portion of the scanty re­ · Kennedy Space Center, which has the lion in agricultural commodities to war­ sources available for food production to responsibility for the integration, test, . ravaged Europe. Since 1954, we have as­ the establishment of national airlines, checkout, and launch of NASA's launch sisted millions of starving people in needy nonessential industrial" plants, nuclear vehicles and spacecraft, is divided into countries around the world by providing arms capabilities, or other prestigious areas carefully established in relation to nearly $21 billion in agricultural com­ activities. the potential hazards inherent in those modities under the food for peace pro­ Our job then is clear, we must state activities. The areas at KSC and all gram. Although the administration of our policy in no uncertain terms that the other activities there are, and must con­ these programs left room for improve­ United States is willing to assist those tinue to be, subject to closure and cur­ ment, it was a demonstration of our con­ developing countries in need, but they tailment as safety and security require­ cern for our fellow man as well as a con­ in turn must be willing to practice the ments dictate. tribution to world stability. best agricultural methods available to As a reminder of some of the consider­ Today many countries are facing fam­ help them help themselves. ations which went into the selection of ine, pestilence, and death as a result of the area as the Nation's spaceport, it may a worldwide shortage of food. This fact be helpful to outline some of the details is most evident in the developing nations surrounding the original selection and in the Far East, the Middle East, Africa, CANAVERAL NATIONAL SEASHORE acquisition for the lunar landing pro­ and Latin America. gram of the Kennedy Center for NASA President Ford has indicated that he HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE and Department of Defense programs. will support a substantial increase in OF TEXAS Until President Kennedy gave the go­ U.S. assistance to agricultural produc­ ahead on the lunar landing program in tion programs in other countries, an in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May 1961, there was no official need· for ternational system of food reserves, and Monday, December 9, 1974 a launch area of the magnitude required an increase in U.S. spending for food Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, I supported by the Saturn boosters. shipments to needy nations. I applaud passage on December 3 of H.R. 5773, a Preliminary master planning data these efforts and strongly believe that bill reported by the Committee on In­ available in early 1961 indicated a great the United States has the capability to terior and Insular Affairs, to establish deal of land was needed for launch pads, provide food aid as needed to meet spe­ the "Canaveral National Seashore." I did . safety zones between pads, industrial cific short-term emergencies. For exam­ have reservations regarding that bill as areas, ground support areas, range in­ ple, the Department of Agriculture it was originally introduced, and particu­ strumentation sites, and for "buffer" should begin to develop plans which will larly the sections under which areas of areas to protect the general public. Two enable the United States to provide in­ the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Cen­ Saturn I complexes-pads 34 and 37- creased food aid when needed without ter would be included in the national had used all the pad space available at increasing domestic inflation. The United seashore. I was concerned that sections Cape Canaveral by the end of 1961, and States has an important humanitarian of the original bill could possibly be a new area had to be found for the role to play in reducing hunger in the interpreted to mean that NASA's control manned lunar landing program. Site se­ world but we cannot fulfill this obliga­ and jurisdiction over the Kennedy Space lection was a joint NASA/DOD effort. tion alone. All nations, including indus­ Center areas in the seashore would be On July 21, 1961, the NASA/DOD plan­ trial, food-exporting,_ and oil-exporting diminished. That, of course, would have ning groups published a report entitled countries, must join in the effort to com­ been contrary to all of the efforts over "Joint Report on Facilities and Re­ bat food shortages. the years-by the Congress, by the exec­ sources Required at Launch Site to Sup­ As Representatives in the Congress, it utive branch, and by the State of Flor­ port NASA Manned Lunar Landing is our responsibility to exercise prudence ida--to establish the Kennedy Space Program." This report investigated in deciding how American tax dollars Center as this Nation's primary space­ eight potential launch sites and provided should be spent. We must, then, assure port. a tentative master plan site layout of the American people that we will con­ In view of my previous concerns re­ launch·pads and support facilities at each tinue to support those programs that are garding H.R. 5773, I was pleased that site. designed to provide relief to the develop­ the provisions of H.R. 5773 as reported Cumberland Island on the Georgia ing countries of the world without un­ by the Committee on Interior and Insu­ coast and the northern portion of Mer­ necessarily jeopardizing the economy of lar Affairs, and particularly section 7 of ritt Island adjoining Cape Canaveral the United States. Above all we must not the bill, emphasize that NASA will re­ were considered the most feasible sites. convince ourselves that we can unilater­ tain jurisdiction and control over the Cumberland Island was slightly more iso­ ally prevent hunger in the world, because areas of the Kennedy Space Center con­ lated than the Cape area. The proximity of our unique agricultural success. This tained in the national seashore unless of Merritt Island to the tracking net­ could result in encouraging the develop­ such areas, some time in the future, be­ work of the Atlantic missile range and ing nations to continue to rely on U.S. come excess to NASA's needs. lower development costs were the major aid and continue their own inadequate The John F. Kennedy Space Center­ reasons for selecting Merritt Island as efforts to involve small farmers in mod­ or KSC, as it is called-is a unique na­ the launch site for the manned lunar ern agricultural pr<'grams-this would tional resource as our Nation's spaceport. landing program. When the Congress almost certainly guarantee· a more wide Its current and future utilization as the authorized the NASA appropriations for spread and destructive famine in the Nation's spaceport must be assured for fiscal year 1963 for acquiring the land years to come. A policy in which we sim­ the Space Shuttle, for Spacelab, for needed for the launch site, it specifically ply provide money and food to needy na­ space tugs, and for various shuttle pay­ considered the future control of the Na­ tions would, in my opinion, be short­ loads and other possible missions in­ tion's spaceport. That law requires that sighted and foolish. We must also share volving large space vehicles. All of these the launch site remain under the control our agricultural and technological ex- and other future programs will be and jurisdiction of NASA unless it is no December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38717 longer needed for the country's space means of the average taxpayer. My pro­ the obligation to pay a tax on that activity at all. I am opposed to changing posal adds balance to our tax laws on income. that congressional mandate. behalf of the small saver, while adding I favor legislation to encourage saving In the bill that was reported by the to the pool of funds available for home and to aid the housing industry. I be­ committee and passed by the House, this construction at the same time. lieve such legislation can be enacted. long established policy of Congress is ap­ I am pleased that the Ways and Mea:ps However, I do not believe this bill will propriately recognized in section 7. That Committee has reported favorably on accomplish its purpose. It will serve section provides: First, that any lands H.R. 16994, which is identical in its terms merely as a panacea creating the illusion within the seashore which the Adminis­ to the bill which I introduced earlier this that some economic ills are being cured. trator of NASA considers excess to the year. I urge my· colleagues to act favor­ I would urge my colleagues to join me needs of NASA may be transferred di­ ably on H.R. 16994. in opposing the bill. rectly to the Secretary of the Interior, but, second, that any NASA lands not so transferred shall remain under the control and jurisdiction of the Admin­ OPPOSITION TO H.R. 16994 SOME FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW istrator. This is entirely consistent with BEFORE VOTING ON FOREIGN the 1963 intent of Congress in authoriz­ AID ing NASA to acquire the lands which HON. GUNN McKAY make up KSC. OF UTAH HON. DAVID R. OBEY More recently, of course, tqe Kennedy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Space Center was selected as the initial OF WISCONSIN launch and recovery site for the Space Monday, December 9, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Shuttle. The selection of KSC for that Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in Monday, December 9, 1974 purpose followed an extensive review by opposition to the bill H.R. 16994, to ex­ NASA and the Air Force of other can­ clude interest on savings accounts from Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, today, we didate sites around the Nation. Certainly gross income, for income tax purposes. will be voting on a foreign aid bill for the gentlemen from Florida know per­ Initially, I favored this legislation as a fiscal year 1975. Our foreign assistance haps better than I that the extent of means of benefiting the small saver, en­ program suffers from many deficiencies, NASA's landholdings at KSC, and the couraging saving, and creating mortgage but one of the most unfortunate is the fact that NASA had and would retain funds for the ailing housing industry. All lack of candor about what is really going control ovei· those holdings, were key to of these goals remain desirable. However, on on this issue. It is not enough that we its selection for shuttle launches and I have become convinced that this bill are continually maneuvered and misled landings. I know that those gentlemen would not, in fact, attain them. by the executive branch as to the reali­ appreciate fully the importance of that The Treasury estimates that the bill ties of this program. We are deceiving decision. will generate a one-time shift of about . ourselves about it as well. NASA has an excellent record of work­ $10 billion presently invested in other I point, for example, to th~ first page of ing with .the Interior Department to es­ sources. Of this, only about one-third the report on the Foreign Assistance Act tablishing feasible joint usage of parts will go into housing mortgages, con­ of the Kennedy Space Center as a wild­

Difference: Difference : fisca• year fiscar year 1974 ap­ 1974 ap­ propria­ pJOPria­ fion- tior>- Aathor- Appro- Recom- fiscal year" Author- Appro- Recom- ftscal m~ ized for ''iated mended l!9 1,. ized for priated mended fiscal year for fiscal for fiscal recom- fiscal year for fiscal for fiscal recom­ category 1974 yeaJ 1974 year 1975 mendation Category 1974 year 1974 year 1975 mendation

DevelopmentFood and assistance:n11tritior.______Security supporting assistance______$125. 0 $112. 5 $585. 0 $472. 5 $291.0 $284.0 $471. 3 +$187. 3 Military assistance programs______512. 5 450. 0 745. (). 295. 0 Population and health ______145. 0 135. 0 165. 0 30. 0 Foreign military credit sales ______325. 0 325. 0 405. 0 80. 0 International organizations and programs ______: __ 127.8 125. 0 154.4 29.4 International control commission______0 0 27. T 27. 7 Contingency fund ______------______30.0 15. 0 20. 0 5. 0 Gorgas memo ria'------• 5 . 5 2. 1} I. 5 Middle East special requirements ______0 0 100. 0 100. 0 ~~~--~~~~~~~~ 'ndochina postwar reconstruction ______504.0. 450. 0 573. 4 123. 4 Tota'------2, 060_8 1, 897. 0 3. 248. 8 +I,3!il_ 8

GOV. OTIS R. BOWEN'S VIEWS ON COMPETITIVE CORPORATIVE from the !airplay expected of every H.R. 16204, HEALTH POLICY, PLAN­ CITIZENSHIP . American citizen. The failure to partic­ NING AND RESOURCES DEVELOP­ ipate accordingly may end the freedoms MENT ACT we have known-challenge the endur­ HON. FRANKE. DENHOLM ance of a free enterp:rising economy OF SOUTH DAKOTA and ultimately destroy the fields of play, HON. WILLIAM H. HUDNUT III the grounds of opportunities, and all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that. we have known to be right, because OF INDIANA Monday, December 9, 1974 of compelling forces of foulplay for too IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DENHOLM. Mr. Speaker, compe­ much of that which is wrong. Monday, December 9, 1974 tition is the spirit of success and victory Mr. HUDNUT. Mr. Speaker, the House in America. We all sense the esprit de Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com­ corps of competition in the challenge of mittee, on which I serve, has reported out life. We have known it from the outset DR. KENNETH W. CLEMENT H.R. 16204, the Health Policy, Planning in game play at marbles to the Halls of and Resources Actr and it is on the whip Congress. But never have we exchanged notice for fioor consideration this week. fair play for foul play without resistance. HON. LOUIS STOKES The Governor of my State, the Honor­ The corporate citizen is no exception. OF OHIO able Otis R. Bowen, has written to me ex­ We ask of the corporate citizen nothing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pressing his objections to certain fea­ more than fair play. fair practices, and Monday, December 9, 1971. tures of this legislation. I insert Govemor an honest recognition of the rules of the Bowen~s letter herewith. In my view, the game. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I wish to points he has made are very good and I Marbles for money or money for mar­ direct the attention of my colleagues to hope they will be given serious consid­ bles does not change the basie principles the recent passing of one of the most eration when H.R. 16204 is brought be­ of fair play in the competitive games of dedicated public servants to bring honor fore us. life. We each have an ethical duty and to the ranks of the medical profession. The letter follows: a moral responsibility for participation Last Friday, November 28, 1974, marked 0.FTICE OF THE GOVERNOR, in any venture of competition above the the death of Dr. Kenneth W. Clement. Indianapolu, Intl., December 4, 1974. minimum level of conduct required by A man of many talents and varied Hon. Wn.LIAM HUDNUT, the rules of the game. However, it has be.­ interests, the good doctor distinguished Longworth Office Building, come commonplace to proceed with all himself not only in his own noble calling, Washington, D.C. haste to success and victory on the bare­ but also in the fields of politics, com­ l>EAa BILL: As Governor of the State of In­ bones concept of the minimum require­ munity relations, education, and civil diana, I share with the Congress and your rights. His loss will be deeply felt both committee deep concerns for the future of ments of the rules-and not to be the nation's health delivery system. The leg­ caught in violation of the law. Is that the here in Washington and at home in islation currently under consideration, H.R. test of duty, of honor, of success, and of Cleveland. His exceptional abilities won 18204, manifests a significant effort to deal victory? him appointments by tw<> U.S. Presidents. With a major portion of our mutual concerns. Mr. Speaker, the "game play" of our President. John F. Kennedy gave Dr. After extensive commltatlon with the health time demands more of every citizen, in­ Clement the assignment of serving on the leadership in Indiana., it is apparent that cluding the corporate citizen. The free­ 1963-1965 National Social Security Ad­ while substantial portions of the bill are dom to participate demands much of us visory Council, rep1·esenting the first ap­ commendable, there are significant areas re­ pointment. of either a black or a physician quiring further consideration. all. What participation and what victory I a.m compelled to address the following as is worthy of respect if "foul play" be­ to that body. President Lyndon Johnson objectionable features of the bill: comes the rule that produced the result gave the doctor another Federal assign­ 1. Substitution of federal for existing state of success and victory? ment as a member of the Presidential and local authority. I do not seek to oversimplify the com­ Appeals Board of the National Selective 2. Substitution of decision ma.king by the plexities of lite-but are the principles Service System. Dr. Clement also par­ secretary of H.E.W. for existing decision reduced in proportion to the obllgation ticipated in writing the first medieare ma.king power o:f State Governors. whatever the venture? regulations as a member of the original 3. Substitution of a state-wide "health Hospital Insurance Benefits Advisory commission" for several well-functioning Mr. Speaker, the obligations for fair-­ Council. Another long-term link with Bta.te-wide agencies, and asslgnfng to it runc­ play attach to all whatever and wherever Washington was Dr. Clement's continu­ tions now handled by such agencies, espe­ and I am saddened that our economic, ing a.1llliation with his alma mater, cial.ly those having to do with regulation. political, and social experiences are Howard University, where he had been a It H.R. 16204 is passed in its present form, temptations for occasional violations of trustee since 1968. I would urge that the above undesirable ele­ basic principles of conduct acceptable to At home Dr. Clement was associated ments be corrected by the conference com­ all. mittee. with numerous organizations dedicated to Kindest persona.I regards; Corporate competition is no excep­ the public interest. He was a member of 0ris R. BOWEN", M .D., tion in the course of commerce and the the executive committ.ees of the Cleve­ Governor. corporate citizen cannot be excused. land branch of the NAACP, the Cleveland December 9, 19 74 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38719 Urban League, the Cleveland chapter of Michael, of Cleveland, and a sister, Elaine ore come from? The major source would es­ the American Civil Liberties Union and Jackson, also of Cleveland. sentially be the USSR, with Turkey and South Africa as smaller suppliers. the Cuyahoga County Cancer Society. He Let us not be hypocritical. If the U.S. im­ was a member of the distribution com­ poses sanctions against Rhodesia and its mittee of the Cleveland Foundation and "oppressive" regime (bearing in mind that a member of the Ministers and Mission­ RHODESIAN CHROME EMBARGO the U.S. is basically the force behind such aries Benefit Board of American Baptist sanctions) then the U.S. should impose sanc­ Churches, as well as President of the HON. BILL ARCHER tions against the even more oppressive gov­ ernment of the USSR-as even Henry Kis­ Cleveland Baptist Association. OF TEXAS Dr. Clement's awards and achieve­ singer admits. Unfortunately, hypocrisy ments locally and nationally are too IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seems to be the order of the day-if not , why Mond.ay, December 9, 1974 doesn't the U.S. restrict Turkish trade to numerous to mention. One aspect of his protest the planting of Turkish poppies for multifaceted career ·.vhich I will always Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, the House the opium trade? If the U.S .. embargoes remember was his contribution to the of Representatives may soon vote on S. Rhodesia, then let it be consistent-embargo great effort of electing the first black 1868, a bill which would reimpose the Russia, Turkey, and South Africa, too. mayor of a major American city, my U.S. embargo on strategic materials such Labor is viewing the embargo through rose­ brother Carl Stokes. As campaign man­ as chrome and ferrochrome. I intend to colored political glasses. U.S. ferrochrome ager Dr. Clement's guidance and prac­ capacity has indeed dropped by 50 %-the oppose this bill and would like to enter last embargo did irreparable damage. But is tical advice proved invaluable. in the RECORD two articles which eff ec­ labor going to hold U.S. consumers for a We will not soon forget Dr. Kenneth tively state why this measure should be minimum $400-a-year ransom in the interim Clement's unselfish devotion to the wel­ defeated. The first article from Metals to force ferrochrome production up? And fare of his fellow man. He will be sin­ Week is entitled "The Folly of a Rho­ can labor justify the shutdowns that must cerely mourned by everyone who had the desian Chrome Embargo" and the sec­ come with an interruption of supplies? And privilege of coming in contact with this ond article from Business Week dis­ can anyone justify such an inflationary move rare human being. To better acquaint my cusses "The Impact of a Ban on Rho­ as the embargo at a time of supreme infla­ colleagues with the remarkable life of a desian Chrome." tion consciousness? great man I submit the following article The articles follow: THE IMPACT OF A BAN ON RHODESIAN CHROME from the December 4, 1974, edition of the THE FOLLY OF A RHODESIAN CHROME EMBARGO Washington Post: An embargo on Rhodesian chrome imports Chrome consumers in the U.S. are in an DR. KENNETH W. CLEMENT, 53 , SURGE ON, by the U.S. would have immediate and dev­ uproar over the prospect that President Ford HOWARD T'RUSTEE astat ing effects. No chrome is available will restore the embargo on chrome imports Dr. Kenneth W. Clement, 53, a Cleveland from the GSA stockpile, the USSR would from Rhodesia. The reason for their con­ surgeon and former president of the National become a very powerful ore supplier to the cern: A worldwide shortage of all forms of U.S., plant shut downs would certainly occur, chrome has already pushed world prices up Medical Association, died Friday after a heart a heady 150 % this year, and U.S. users­ attack in Cleveland. and the move would cost the U.S. at least $400 million per year. chiefly manufacturers of stainless steel. and A graduate of Howard University's College other alloys-fear the price will go through of Medicine in 1945, Dr. Clement had been · The U.S. has no domestic chrome resources, and Charles E. Bennett (D.-Fla.) is deter­ the roof if the U.S. slams the door on Rho­ a member of the university's board of trust­ desian imports. "Any cutback in supplies ees since 1968, and at the time of his. death mined not to let any chrome out of the stockpile. (Bennett has an overriding in­ will result in continued substantial :?rice was chairman of the board's planning and increases," says Martin N. Ornitz, president development committee. terest in his economic stockplle amend­ ment and the preservation of a three-year of Colt Industries, Inc.'s Crucible Stainless Howard University had honored him in Steel Div. 1966 for his post graduate achievements in strategic stockpile goal.) According to a recent survey, the inven­ The U.S. mines no chromium and is de­ medicine. pendent on imports ·for virtually all its pri­ Dr. Clement was a leader not only in the tory of ferrochrome in the hands of U.S. stainless steel producers (based on 91 % of mary needs, though recovery from scrap ::.nd medical field but in Cleveland's black com­ sales from the strategic stockpile have sig­ munity. He served as campaign manager for the industry) is less than a 30 day supply­ and these and other U.S. consumers are on nificantly augmented the supply. Carl B. Stokes when the latter became the With steel booming, the nation's appet ite first black mayor of a major American city ·allocation from domestic ferrochrome pro­ ducers. An embargo on Rhodesian chrome for chrome jumped 23 % last year alone, and in 1967. the U.S. consumed one-fifth of world produc­ Born in Pittsylvania County, Va., he was a would thus have almost immediate effect. Rhodesia supplied 50,751 tons or about tion. Rhodesia was the third largest foreign graduate of Oberlin College. After graduation source of the metal, supplying 13 % of U.S. from Howard, he interned in New York City one-third of U.S. ferrochrome imports last year. (South Africa accounts for another imports, compared with 31 % for South Af­ and Cleveland and had been in private prac­ rica and 21 % for the Soviet Union. tice in Cleveland since 1953. third.) U.S. demand for ferrochrome is Industry fears about a price hike have a Dr. Clement was on the staff of a number placed at 470,000 tons for this year-to be precedent beyond the present tight supply of hospitals and taught at Western Reserve supplied by 240,000 tons of domestic produc­ situation. When the U.S. joined other U.N. University. He had been head of the National tion and 130,000 tons of imports (down 25,000 members in 1967 in boycotting Rhodesian Medical Association during 1963-64. tons from last year) , leaving a 100,000 ton chrome exports, the nation became heavily A member of Cleveland's Mayor's Commit­ gap to be filled from scrap or inventory. dependent on Russian chrome exports. An d tee on Employment of the Physically Handi­ Demand in 1975 is projected to rise by 50,000 the Russians were quick to use their new capped since 1958, Dr. Clement had served tons to provide for automotive catalytic con­ market leverage to boost prices. The situa­ during the 1960s on the National Advisory verters. If Rhodesian chrome is embargoed, tion so disturbed Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr., Committee on Social Security and had been a the "gap" will about double to 200,000 tons (Ind-Va.) that in late 1971 he succeeded in consultant to the office of technical coopera­ in 1975. tacking an amendment onto a military pro­ tion and research of the Agency for Interna­ Advocates of the embargo say, "That's just curement bill providing for a lifting of the t ional Development. fine. The resulting price rise will stimulate Rhodesian chrome embargo as long as the A former member of t he Cleveland Com­ new domestic ferrochrome capacity to halt Soviet Union remained a U.S. supplier. Byrd munity Relations Board, he had held high the decline in U.S. capability-now down to was concerned not only about the jump in positions with local and state units of the only 50 % of demand." But these advocates Russian prices--up 70 % during the embargo National Urban League, the NAACP and the ignore the fact that in the interim, huge period-but about the dangers of overde­ American Civil Liberties Union. costs will be involved to make up the short­ pendence on Soviet sources. Dr. Clement served in the medical corps fall-costs of imported ferrochrome over of the U.S. Air Force during the Korean which the U.S. has virtually no control. ADVANTAGE conflict. Every 1¢-a-lb. increase in the price of ferro­ At least as far as the Administration is A prolific writer of medical articles, he held chrome adds about $8 to the raw materials concerned, these fears have apparently evap­ numerous awards. He was a diplomate of the purchase cost for one ton of stainless steel. orated in the era of detente. Secretary of American Board of Surgery, a fellow of the . A 50¢ rise in the price of ferrochrome (and State Henry Kissinger h as declared that h e American College of Surgeons and a member such a rise is probably a conservative projec­ is "personally convinced t hat the Byrd pro­ of the Aero-Spa.ce Medical Association and tion in the present extremely tight market) vision is not essential to our nat ional se­ the Association of Military Surgeons. would annually cost the United States $400 curity, brings no real economic advantage, He is survived by his wife, Ruth Doss Clem­ million on stainless steel alone. and is costly in our conduct of foreign rela ­ ·ent, and two daughters, Lia and Leslie Clem­ Most certainly U.S. ferrochrome capacity tions." Accepting this view, the Senate last ent, of the home in Shaker Heights; a son, could be raised. But where would t he extra December vot ed to reimpose the embargo, 38720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 1974 and President Ford's endorsement may tip our party's goals and put down on paper renegade Republicans, including now-White the balance in the House, where a close vote what the Democratic Party stands for. House Chief of Sta.tr Donald Rumsfeld, who is expected. However, I think it appropriate for us rather obstreperously began demanding The Ad.m1nistra.tion•s move may be in­ changes in the House structure in the mid­ spired by more than constant criticism from to consider what was done in Kansas City '60s. Third World nations. Some observers believe in light of what was and is being ac­ It ls ironic. then, that Just when the Dem­ the government is thinking of the prospect complished by the House Democratic ocrats are finally achievhlg the kind of struc­ of future oil and raw material imports from Caucus. David Broder, in the Sunday tural reform that permits real accountabWty Blf!.ck Africa. And the action ls sure to score Washington Post, writes of this relation­ in the legislative process, some Republicans points with members of the black caucus in ship and what can reasonably be ex­ are raising a. cry about "King Caucus" re­ Congress and with labor union groups con­ pected of the party, and the Congress. in turn to Capitol Hill. cerned about the decline of domestic chrome It is a false a.la.rm. While the Democrats smelting capacity (a significant part of Rho­ the months and years ahead. have signlftcantly strengthened the power of desian exports to the U.S. are in the form of Mr. Broder states: their caucus and its agencies to make com­ the smelted product, ferrochrome). The (caucus) reforms give the Democrats mittee assignments, to select (or depose} the power to pass the bills they consider SHORT SUPP.LIES committee chairmen and to coordinate the proper. They also give them the responsi­ legislative schedule, they have not even ap­ But industrial consumers argue that the bllity. And they deny them any real excuse proached a situation where a. serious conflict move ls Ul-timed. They point out that the for not acting. could arise between individual conscience or stainless steel industry's chrome inventories Power. Responsib111ty. Accountability.­ political prudence and the demands of cau­ a.re already dangerously low-a.bout one The fourth ingredient ls leadership and if cus discipline. month's supply. "Repealing the Byrd amend­ there is leadership forthcoming, the benefits Rep. Thomas Foley (D-Wash.) made the ment," says Fred B. O'Mara. executive vice­ for the country can be tremendous. vital distinction that ls overlooked by some president of Union Carbide Corp.. ..would Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD critics of the Democra.tic rules changes. Foley send chrome prices sky-rocketing and aggra­ Mr. Broder's column from the Washing­ said that the caucus has no right to direct vate our nation's already serious inflation." ton Post of .Sunday, December 8: him how to vote on the :floor of the House, One industry observer sees the possibility of THE REAL REFORMERS because as a legislator he is responsible only a 60c per lb. rise in the price of ferrochrome, to his own conscience and to the constitu­ a hike that would add over $200-mlllion to (By David S. Broder) ents who elect him. the stainless steel industry's raw materials KANSAS CITY.-While the Democrats were But, he noted, he owes his position on the bill. gathered here for their midterm mini-con­ Agriculture and Interior committees, not Higher costs would not be the only prob­ vention, a session devoted to ratifying the only to his constituents, but to the caucus, lem, say critics of the embargo. Lane M. Cur­ party's first formal constitution. the real which selects him to serve on those com­ rie, president of H. C. Macaulay Foundry c:o .• work of strengthening the majority party for mittees. claims that there 18 simply no spare supply the rigors ahead was being done back in Thus, there ls nothing improper about the of the metal around. "We've tried to pur­ Washington. caucus telling him, as a member of those chase South African chrome, but we were Words on paper a.re one thing, and this committees, what bills it thinks should be told that consumers were on allocation and charter comerence was concerned with find­ reported to the floor of the House. so tha.t all we wouldn't get any for about a year." And ing the right language to lnst:ribe on the members can vote their individual con­ F. O. Kroft, Jr.• president of Union Carbide's party's statute books. But words are cheap sciences and judgments on them. Ferroalloys Div., says that without Rho­ compared to deeds, and the deeds tha.t were Actually, the need for such caucus instruc­ desian supplies, the company would have to done in the Democratic Caucus in the House tions will be rare, now that Democrats have drop two of its major chromium product of Representatives count far more heavily in given themselves committee ratios commen­ lines. the reconstitution of the party than any new surate to the majorities they won In the One alternate source of chrome could be constitution could. election, and have taken the power of com­ the government's strategic stockpile, which The essence of genuine political reform mittee assignment awa.y from the Ways and contains nearly four years' supply of the is the balancing of power, responsibility and Means Committee and placed it where it be­ metal. But the Administration needs Con­ accounta.bllity. That balance is only occa­ longs-in the caucus' agent, the Steering and gressional approval for further sales from sionally approached in the charter the Dem­ Policy Co~lttee. the stockpile, and Representative Charles E. ocrats have been debating here. Probably it The reforms give the Democrats the power Bennett (D-Fla.), chairman of the House was too much to hope that the drafters could to pass the bills they consider proper. They subcommittee overseeing stockpile releases. invent a. scheme subtle enough to accom­ also give them the responsibility. And they reportedly opposes new sales until the gov­ modate the confllcting demands for partici­ deny them any real excuse for not acting. ernment considers setting up economic pation and internal cohesion in a time of Power. Responsibllity. Accountabillty. stockpiles to counter threats from foreign party decay. Those a.re three of the four elements needed mineral cartels. Still, the Administration It ls only now, looking back over a decade's for healthy politics. And in the House they feels it could get Congress to approve some developments, that one can see how that now coexist. The fourth ingredient is leader­ sales in the event of a crunch. problem of party responslbfilty has been ad­ ship and 1f there ls leadership forthcoming, Meanwhile, what ls particularly galling to dressed-and skillfully surmounted-in the the benefits for the country ca.n be tremen­ some chrome users is their belief that most complex but finite world of the House of dous. of the nations boycotting Rhodesian chrome Representatives. have honored the boycott more in the breach In that span, control of the majority party than the observance. Even the U.S., which in the- House has effectively been taken away RISING COST OF LIVING was one of the most scrupulous observers from a. handful o:! elderly men. re-elected during its participation in the embargo, un­ every two years from safe districts and really wittingly let some metal slip in. Thus, Ira L. accountable to no one, and transferred to an HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL Friedman, executive vice-president of Metal­ elective leadership group responsible to all OP NORTH CAROLINA lurgical International, Inc., a. metal powders the representatives of the party. producer, predicts that U.S. consumers would Instead of control being exercised by a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stlll be able to get some Rhodesian chrome few dozen men, who divided all the com­ Monday, December 9, 1974 1! the embargo ls reimposed but 0 through mittee and subcommittee chairmanships third parties at double or triple the current among themselves, power has now been dis­ Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina. Mr. price." persed-not equally but very broadly-among Speaker. no problem is of greater concern the entire membership. to my constituents than the rising cost There are many members and staff as­ of living. In talking with them and from sistants on the Democratic side of the House the letters I have received. I am aware KANSAS CITY AND THE who can claim a share of the credit for this of the financial hardships facing families DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS historic transformation, but the greatest force has been the turnover in the member­ because of high food prices and the in­ ship of the House in recent years. creased cost of gasoline and other baste Reform in the House has been not so much goods and services which we need. Find­ HON. RICHARD F. VANDER VEEN the achievement of liberals-there were no ing a way to halt inflation is my number OF IUCHIGAN more liberals elected to the House in 1974 one goal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than there were in 1964-as It has been the As many of you know, I was one of by-product of bringing in scores of fresh­ eight Members of Congress chosen to Monday, December 9, 1974 men in each of the recent election years. These underclassmen are impatient with meet earlier this year with our Nation's Mr. VANDER VEEN. Mr. Speaker, I the old ways of doing business and are far top economists. I also was chosen as a have just returned from the Democratic more insistent on a share of the power-and delegate to the President's Summit Con­ mid-term convention in Kansas City. responsibility-than were their elders. ference on Inflation. The congressional Much was accomplished there to provide It should not be forgotten that the first leadership selected me to address the the Democratic Party with a charter­ impetus for overhaul of the House came, not summit on my reactions to the econo­ a constitution wherein we shall codify from the Democrats, but from some of the mists' proposals. I outlined at the sum- December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 38721 mit some basic principles which I be­ President Ford proposed to the Congress THE LITHUANIAN CRY lieve must be followed if we are to whip a 31-point program to deal with infia­ infiation. tion, which he asked the Congress to First, there must be a reduction in Fed­ consider and act upon. His program con­ HON. ALPHONZO BELL eral spending. No responsible individual tained many of the ideas I had suggested OF CALIFORNIA or businessman would continue to spend at the summit. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money he does no· have and pile up bigger and bigger debts. A majority in the Since that time, unemployment has Monday, December 9, 1974 Congress, however, has followed just such worsened and prices have continued to Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, most of us a policy during the last 15 years. This rise. The American public in the elec­ here know well of the plight of Simas deficit spending has increased the supply tions in November clearly signaled Con­ Kudirka, the Lithuanian seaman who of money with dollars we did not have. gress that they wanted action on the was recently allowed to return to the The result has been too many dollars economy. United States, almost 4 years after he chasing too few goods and prices have So far, the Congress has ignored the had attempted to defect to the U.S. Coast skyrocketed. The Government has been public's demand for action. The lame Guard cutter Vigilant. forced to borrow billions to finance its duck session which the majority leader­ A very timely article by Irene Leo­ debts and thus has competed with the ship called for the purpose of action on navicius of the Lithuanian Students' As­ private citizen for the available credit. the economy has failed to seriously con­ sociation, which comments on this event The result has been outrageous interest and goes on to discuss the general plight sider the President's proposals. The ma­ of Lithuanians, appeared recently in the rates. jority party which has control of every Second, it is necessary to exercise re­ UCLA Daily Bruin. I wish today, Mr. straint in the supply of money and credit. committee and committee chairmanship Speaker, to respectfully call to the at­ Trying to halt in:fiation by a tight money has the responsibility to take action on tention of my colleagues in Congress this policy alone has never worked. It only President Ford's proposals or to present very thoughtful article, the complete text contributes to higher interest rates with concrete legislative proposals of their of which fallows: disasterous effect on major areas of our own. LET. OuR COUNTRY Go economy, like housing. A moderate mone­ The legislative calendar set up by the (By Irene Leonavicius) tary policy coupled with a broad range of majority leadership.has basically ignored On November 23rd, 1970, a Lithuanian sea­ other policies can be effective and a dis­ proposals dealing with the economy. man, Simas Kudirka, attempted to defect asterous credit crunch avoided. Critical pieces of legislation are being from a Soviet ship to the U.S. Coast Guard Third, there must be a program to Cutter Vigllant while the two ships were bring about price stability. I supported neglected. For example, the Small Savers moored alongside each other in the waters strongly the establishment of the Coun­ Act, which would give a much-needed off of Massachusetts. The attempt failed when boost to our housing industry and a small Coe.st Guard authorities ordered Kudtrka re­ cil on Wage and Price Stability. The turned to the Soviet ship. Kuclirka was tried Council can monitor changes in wages tax exemption for interests and dividends and sentenced to a 10 year te·rm in a "labor and prices and bring public pressure to from savings accounts, has been resched­ camp." It appeared as though Kudirka was bear on those in business and labor who uled and may not come up at all. lost to the world. abuse. their economic power and fail to Recent news accounts indicate that However, the incident did not go unnoticed exercise responsible restraint. I believe ranking Democratic members on the by the people of the United States. In New serious consideration should be given to York, Cleveland, Washington, Chicago as Rules Committee may not allow to come well as in other cities, Americans of Lith­ allowing the Council to temporarily sus­ to the :floor the important tax bill which uanian heritage marched ln protest of the pend wage and price increases which are action in the case. In downtown L.A., col­ irresponsible and in:fiationary. gives some tax relief to low-income families and phases out the oil deple­ lege students from USC, Loyola, Cal State LA Fourth, we must develop an effective as well as UCLA organized a great march in long-range energy program. This pro­ tion allowance. support of Kudirka. gram must insure our Nation a sufficient The President has requested budget Through these mass demonstrations, as supply of energy without relying heavily cuts of $4.6 billion, but the majority lead­ well as letter writing campaigns to the press on foreign oil at high prices. Our present ership has indicated it will not support and to Washington, many public omcta.Is began to take interest in this case. The ac­ reliance on foreign oil has resulted in a such proposals. Basically, every Presi­ tions of the protesters were not in vain, when massive foreign debt which has damaged dential proposal deal1ng with the econ­ la.st week, because of the work of the Con­ our international monetary policy and omy has been rejected or ignored. No al­ gress and the State Department, Simas threatens the value of the dollar. Any Kudirka and his family were returned to the meaningful energy policy should include ternative proposals have been offered. United States. strong steps to insure conservation of en­ There is still time to act. If we do not Meanwhile, Sen. Henry Jackson (Wash.) ergy such as Federal regulations to in­ act now, however, the problems of reor­ steadfastly clung to his amendment which sure good gas mileage for new cars as well required the Russians to release 60,000 im­ ganizing a new Congress will delay ac­ migrants a year in return for favorite nation as possible tax incentives for properly in­ tion at least 2 months. status, and U.S. grain. sulated homes. A tax on excess oil profits Congress has the authority under our These two events lead to two assumptions. should be included in any comprehensive First, the Russian government of the So­ energy package. Constitution to initiate and enact an viet Union is very conscious of U.S. public Fifth, we must direct our efforts toward economic program. It does not have to opinion. Second, the Russians would do any­ improving productivity. We must concen­ accept the President's ideas if it has bet­ thing for our grain and technology. trate on technological advances which The Lithuanian Students' Association be­ ter ones. I have urged the majority lead­ lieves that the U.S. should continue the will enable man to produce more goods ership which controls the actions of Con­ with the same amount of effort. We must diplomacy called "detente," if it ls used for gress to act. Certainly, it is easier to constructive purposes. Even today, the eco­ remove laws and regulations which re­ nomic power of the U.S. is a much more strict productivity and competition and criticize the President and to do nothing, effective tool than either diplomacy or the cause high prices. but the economic condition of our Nation mmtary. The U.S. should use this power Sixth, stiff Government policies to deal does not allow for that. Action is de­ whenever and wherever it can to help the oppressed people within the Soviet Union. with violations of our antitrust laws are manded and action now. I have indicated The Jackson Amendment is great for mi­ needed. At a time when in:fiation is hurt­ my willingness to cooperate with the noriUes within the Soviet Union, such as the ing all Americans, antitrust violations White House and the majority leadership Jewish population. However, it would be a disaster if it were applied to the nations which curb competition and raise prices to enact legislative solutions to our eco­ cannot be tolerated. within the Soviet Union such as Lithuania, Finally, we must establish programs nomic problems. I will continue to devote Latvia or Estonia. whatever time is necessary to get a pro­ Latest statistics, as published in the L.A. to deal more effectively with unemploy- Times, show that Latvians make up only -ment. The Congress must immediately gram through the Congress as soon as 56 % of the population in Latvia, and the consider more comprehensive unemploy­ possible. If the majority leadership does Estonians are not much better off. The not act, it must bear the responsibility Lithuanians, with over 80% , have been the meni; benefits and public employment most succesful in resisting massive efforts by programs. of allowing our present economic condi­ the Russian government to "russlfy" the Shortly after the summit meeting, tion to continue. Lithuanian population. Nevertheless, Opera- CXX--2441-Part 29 38722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 9, 197 4 tion Russia. is continuing in the Baltic counties from Antrim south to Clinton, from expenditures occupy a sizable share of States. Mass emigration would only harm the Mecosta ea.st to Midland. total Federal expenditures, the defense nationalistic struggle. Retirement ls not something Cederberg Lithuanian students have shown great op­ will speculate a.bout. budget has become an increasingly at­ position to the dreaded Russian regime. In "I don't have any plans. I just play it by tractfve focal point for budgetcutters 1971, a. university student, Romas Ka.lanta., ear and when I decide I've done all I can do seeking swift and politically popular drenched himself with gasoline and burned here I'll retire, but right now I'm reasonably ways to trim Federal expenses. himself in the main park of Kaunas. This in­ young and active," he said. I think that a critical and independent cident was followed by massive riots which Cederberg, whose rise in seniority follows look at our defense budget will reveal were put down by Russian storm troopers. the retirement or defeat of several more aspects of waste and mismanagement Kalanta was buried in a.n unmarked grave, senior members, said his new rank will mean that can and must be eliminated. I have but people discovered the site and deluged "more responsibility, more weight and more it with flowers and wreaths. The Russians, work." voted for some cuts in the defense budg­ wary of another popular uprising, moved the For instance, as ranking minority member et in the past where I have felt that my body. of the Appropriations Committee, he already vote would help eliminate waste and free The great nationalistic upsurge in Lithua­ sits in on 13 subcommittees and any con­ funds for more useful purposes. But I nian students has also been seen by their in­ ferences on bills produced by the commit­ would caution my colleagues against suc­ terest 1n Lithuanian humanities courses in tee. He also is a member of the new Budget cumbing to the seductive myth that the the universities, and their pride in Lithua­ Committee and a regional whip for Michigan defense budget is bloated, spiraling, and nian folk culture and traditions. A student­ and Wisconsin. clergy coalition has formed one of the most "You don't get any time and a half for can easily withstand huge cuts. The formidable underground movements in the overtime but I like it because it puts you in facts are otherwise. Soviet Union. the middle of things," he said. "There's no Defense programs in the fiscal year These events show the desire of Lithuani­ doubt about it that the longer you're here 1975 budget consume the smallest per­ ans, young and old, for freedom from their the more valuable you are to the state and centage of the GNP, and of the Federal Russian overlords, who drain the country the district," he added. budget than in any year since 1950. economically and physically. With the added responsibility comes pres­ While defense spending in the last Thank you, Sen. Jackson, for your amend­ tigious moments such as ·being among con­ ment. But, take note: The Lithuanians do gressional leaders invited to the White House decade has risen far less rapidly than not cry, "Let our people go!" We cry, "Let Tuesday for a briefing on the President's Far any other major item in the Federal our country go!" East trip. budget, the Defense Department has As a "senior statesman of the party," been as hard hit by inflation as any Cederberg is also going to be in the middle segment of the U.S. economy. It is es­ of mapping strategy for operating in a Demo­ timated that in this year alone, the De­ REPRESENTATIVE ELFORD crat-dominated House. fense Department has lost $11 billion "You become masters of the art of com­ in purchasing power. In real terms, the CEDERBERG promise,'' he said. "In the coming Congress we'll be out-voted two to one, which means Defense Department now has less buy­ HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN pretty much that what the Democratic party ing power than in any year since 1950. wants to do it can." Over two-thirds of the defense dollar OF MICHIGAN "Republican views will not be closed out goes for the manpower-related costs of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES completely," he said. "We'll have a chance to maintaining an all-volunteer army. Only Monday, December 9, 1974 express our views on the floor and in com­ 7 percent of increases in the defense mittee but I think the Republican view will budget over the past 20 years have gone Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, on get little consideration." for the combined total of weapons pro­ December 3, 1974, an article appeared in Even with the veto power in the hands of curement, research and development, the State Journal, Lansing, Mich., with a Republican president, Cederberg feels that power should be used sparingly, partly be­ and military construction. a readership going beyond the Sixth Con­ cause party ratios in the House will make As the debate over the fiscal year 1976 gressional District which I am priviliged it difficult to prevent an override and partly defense budget gets underway in Con­ to serve, commenting on my good friend because compromise is a better tactic. gress, it is important that myth is not and distinguished colleague, Representa­ "I just don't think you can effectively allowed to obscure the fact that our de­ tive ELFORD CEDERBERG, of Midland, Mich. operate in the legislative arena on the threat fense dollar is reasonably well employed The article, written by Angela Green, of vetos," he said. in the interest of national security. touches on the increasing workload and One thing Cederberg hopes the two parties can work together on is the President's eco­ At a time when no U.S. troops are resPonsibilities that will fall upon his nomic program. :fighting anywhere in the world, and shoulders in the 94th Congress, as he will "The overall program is a good program when we all have great hopes for the be sharing the position of senior Repub­ but if you try to implement it piece by piece, success of SALT, MBFR, and other nego­ lican in the House, in addition to his it will be self-defeating and I don't think tiations with the Soviet Union, it can be tremendous resPonsibilities as ranking Congress is going to implement very much difficult to generate enthusiasm for na­ minority member of the Appropriations of it," he said. tional security expenditures. Yet it is Committee. However, Cederberg said he believes Demo­ cratic dominance will be shortlived and the important to remember what detente has Mr. Speaker, I am sure his constituents Republican party will rebuild. not achieved so far-and to plan ahead are as proud of his hard earned record "It always does. More people consider so we will never be forced to negotiate as are those of us who have the oppor­ themselves Democrats but more and more from a position of weakness. tunity to work with him on a day to day people are voting independently,'' he said. The well respected Cincinnati En­ basis, and I insert this article in the quirer published a timely editorial en:­ RECORD so my colleagues and others will titled "The Cost of Def ending the Na­ have an opportunity to review his com­ tion." I commend it to the attention of ments: THE COST OF DEFENDING AMERICA my colleagues for the clear perspective ELECTION GIVES REPRESENTATIVE CEDERBERG it brings to the discussion of defense COVETED SENIORITY HON. JACK F. KEMP spending: (By Angela. Green) OF NEW YORK THE COST OF DEFENDING A NATION WASHINGTON.-One bad thing about senior­ Because America's role in foreign affairs­ ity ls that by the time most congressmen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as well as our own survival-depends as much have been around long enough to earn it, Monday,· December 9, 1974 on our military strength as on our economic they're getting too old to enjoy it. But for strength, the view many citizens h ave t hat Rep. Elford Cederberg, R-Mich., that's not Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the current defense expenditures should be cut as one the case. debate over budget priorities is more way to fight inflation is cause for some In January, the 56-year-old Midland con­ intense than at any time I can recall. concern. gressman will find himself sharing the posi­ It is certainly appropriate and com­ Bot h a nationwide poll by George Gallup tion of senior Republican in the House­ mendable for Members of this body to and a statewide survey by the Oh!o Poll, with Rep. John J. Rhodes, R-Ariz., and Rep. take a hard look at where the American found evidence many citizens feel the nat ion Bob Wilson, R-Calif. is spending "too much" on nat ional de­ Even speculating retirement at age 65, that tax dollar is going-and where it can be fense. Dr. Gallup reported 44 % of those he means Cederberg, who has served 11 terms, saved or rechannelec! in the interests of interviewed felt the nation was overspending could be around for four or five more terms fighting inflation, and easing recession. on defense, while the Ohio Poll reported unless defeated. His 10th dist rict includes Because the Department of Defense . more than half the Ohioans it interviewed- December 9, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 38723 62 %-"favor reduced military spending as a nation "keep our defense perimeters in the him as the "gallant Pelham" and J.E. B. means ot balancing the federal budget and Western Pacific sufficiently strong to hold Stuart, Pelham's own commander, ex­ thus helping to control lnfia.tion." until reinforced and to guard those sea lanes These attitudes are cause tor concern be­ essential to the well-being ot the United tended to him the highest of tributes cause they will be translated into votes this States and its allies." for his battlefield merit. Election Day tor candidates who will have For the United States to mount the kind I am submitting for the RECORD of this a critical impact on defense expenditures tor ot defensive posture a bipartisan foreign body an article which recently appeared years to come. policy has ordained, each voter must under­ concerning this great Alabama war hero. At a time when the United States is not stand the nature of its cost in light of the I do hope that each of my colleagues engaged in a highly visible military confron­ damage lntlatton and successive budget cuts takes the opportunity to read the article tation, defense expenditures can easily be have done to the defense dollar. for I feel it is a fine example of the singled out as one area where a small cut­ If the Defense Department has to go back expressed in terms of even a few percentage to Congress tor a supplemental appropriation heights even a young man can attain: points---can yield a large dollar savings. before the end ot the ti.seal year, it wm need PELHAM, GALLANT PELHAM To an extent, the_Defense Department is the support ot an understanding legislature. During the war of Blue against Gray the often its own worst enemy. It is top-heavy But the Pentagon must do its own budget­ hell of battle protluced one of history's great­ with high-ranking commissioned officers who cutttng, as well. A tlexible mmtary force, est artillerymen-Major John Pelham, Lee's not only have a vested interest in preserving treed from the costly burden of a turgid gallant redleg. large numbers of openings in the officer corps officer corps and an ever-expanding civilian In 1861 at age 20, Pelham resigned as a but whose higher salaries and benefits reduce bureaucracy, relying on proven weapons sys­ first classman from the U.S. Mllitary Acad­ the number of enlisted troops who could be tems that can perform well in either brush­ emy when his native Alabama seceded from part of a lean, trim fighting force for the fire wars or as major deterrents to nuclear the Union. same money. war, is the first step in compensating for Entering the Confederate Army as a lieu­ And defense interests have been less than the damage inflation has done to national tenant he organized and commanded Major efficient in determining the cost of their defense. General J.E.B. Stuart's Horse Artillery. Pro­ weapons systems and irresponsible in the Yet if the Pentagon is to be believable moted to captain in the same year, Pelham amount of money spent for luxurious facili­ when it asks Congress for funding, it has to !ought at First Manassas, 1n the Peninsular ties !or the officer corps. be in a position to show that it is trying to Campaign, at Second Manassas, Antietam But if the United States is not to become cut the fat from its own operations. On that, and Fredericksburg. He also took his Horse the second-raite military power Defense Sec­ it is having ~ome difficulty. Artillery on Stuart's Raids around the Union retary James R. Schlesinger warned against, Gen. George S. Brown, new chairman of Army of the Potomac. then the nation has to respond with an ade­ the Joint Chiefs of Staff, says 60% of the A brave but modest officer, the quiet, tall, quate defense budget. defense budget is consumed by payroll costs blond blushed a deep red when praised-and Secretary Schlesinger believes a "wast­ tor civilian and military personnel. At least as it turned out this was often. In an Army ing disease" is attacking both Pentagon some of these costs, the general believes, are possessing scores of brave men, no less than spending and manpower levels. His concern consumed by "needless layering" of person­ Genera.I Robert E. Lee himself praised him is not only that the nation will become a nel in various headquarters staffs. But Sec­ as "the gallant Pelham." When Pelham was second-class military force, but that it will retary Schlesinger is still waiting for a report k1lled at Kelly's Ford, Va., in March 1863 the do so unconsciously by "allowing the erosion he ordered a year ago on the size of those entire South mourned his death. of purchasing power for the Department of staffs. Because there ts no "unanimity of His entire combat service was character­ Defense to drive us into that ... status." opinion" on how to reorganize command ized by exceptional valor. The Battle of According to Defense Department figures, staffs, the general said, that report and rec­ Gaines' Mm in June 1862 represents a case here ts what is happening: ommendations to the President may· not in point. After his 12-pounder Blakely can­ The Pentagon has lost $11 bllllon in pur­ come until the spring. non was disabled with the first Union Army chasing power this year, "due mostly to tn­ Only a military establishment dedicated counterbattery fire Pelham faced eight Fed­ tlation on top of a $2.6-blllion congressional to reducing expenditures for needless per­ eral pieces with only a captured smooth­ cut," the Washington Post has reported. sonnel can make an effective plea tor addi­ bore Napoleon in one of the war's most gal­ The cost of weapons has been rising at the tional funds for weapons systems and the lant a.nd heroic actions. The gun had been rate of about 15 %, 10 percentage points research and development so critical to re­ captured earlier at Seven Pines. - higher than the projected 5 % inflation rate. maining a milit ary power second to none. Pelham coolly directed the resistance Because of inflation, the Pentagon says it against the Union barrage. The Federals' fire is $9 billion "short of funds to carry out pro­ slackened under the determined shooting of curement programs already approved by Con­ the imperiled Napoleon which tenaciously gress," according to the New York Times. PELHAM, GALLANT PELHAM held its ground until Pelham was reinforced Despite a rise in the Defense Department by then Major General Thomas J. "Stone­ budget over the years, when funding is ex­ wall" Jackson with several batteries of ritled pressed in terms of "constant dollars"-that HON. BILL NICHOLS pieces. is, dollars "discounted for intlation-mllitary expenditures have been declining to the OF ALABAMA When he filed his official report of Gaines' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mm Stuart paid Pelham one of the highest point that they are 18 % below" what was tributes accorded an officer in the Civil War: being spent 10 years ago, the Times 1·eported. Monday, December 9, 1974 "Captain John Pelham, of the Horse Artil- - For a nation that must be strong militarily lery, displayed such signal ability as an ar­ as well as economically, what are the conse­ Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, our his­ tillerist, such heroic example, and devotion quences of these economic and budgetary tory books abound with heroes from the in danger, and indomitable energy under dif­ factors? War Between the States but for the most ficulties in the movement of his battery, Defense spending by the United States has part these men are usually the generals that, reluctant as I am at the chance of los­ fallen to about 6% of the gross national product (GNP), the sum total of all goods such as Lee, Grant, and Jackson who ing such a valuable limb from the brigade, and services produced in the country, from a commanded whole armies. Heroics, how­ I feel bound to ask for his promotion, with ever, was not limited to just these men. the remark that in either cavalry or artillery high of 9.4 % of the GNP in 1968, a year in no field grade is too high for his merit and which the nation spent heavily for the war No, in fact, there were many younger capacity." in Vietnam. soldiers who rose above the average mili­ Pelham's promotion to major came less The Soviet Union is outspending the tary enlistee to earn respect for his mili­ than 2 months later in time for Antietam United States in defense. The Central Intem­ tary savvy and his gallant actions. at age 21. gence Agency says the Russians spent the equivalent of about $80 billion in 1973, while John Pelham, of Jacksonville, Ala., At the Battle of Fredericksburg in Decem­ this country spent only $76 billion for de­ was one of these younger soldiers but ber 1862 Pelham dashed to and fro on horse­ fense that year. he was in a class all to himself. At the back shifting his fires and personally bring­ age of 20 he resigned his commission to ing fresh firing batteries into action. He The Soviet Union has 1.7 million more men steadied his men with his coolness and in its military service than d~s the United the U.S. Military Academy to join the cheerful voice. Lieutenant General James States, 3.8 million men for the Russians, 2.1 southem forces. In just 3 short years Longstreet called him " ... the bravest hu­ million for the United States. he rose to the rank of major and had This nation's defense policy calls for "es­ man being I ever saw in my life." gained the respect of his men and his BOLD IN BATTLE sential equivalence as a continuing require­ superiors. ment for our strategic nuclear forces," ,Sec­ Even with some of his guns and caissons retary Schlesinger says. But, he adds, "it is Upon his death in March 1863, at Kel­ shattered and his men dismembered by en­ equally vita.I to establish a balance of con­ ly's Ford, Va., the whole of the South emy shells Pelham persisted. Blood, death ventional forces between" member countries mourned his loss. Known for his integ­ and decimation could not keep him from his of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization rity and valor, eulogies expounded on mission as he led his Horse Artillery with a and the Warsaw Pact. More than that, the Pelham's dedication and allegiance to calm, determined boldness. American defensive posture requires that the the southern cause. Robert E. Lee praised Using the same Napoleon cannon he had 38724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE December 10, 1974 ,captured at :;;even Pines he initiated the another Pelham, General? If so, I wish you the young commadner. He was posthumously battle on the right flank, drawing close­ would give him to me!" promoted to lieutenant colonel. range, frontal fire from four Union batteries MATCHEDPAm HIGH TRIBUTE ·and a damaging enfilading fire from a 30- pound rified Parrott battery positioned Two spirits more kindred than Stuart and Nearly a year after Pelham's death the across the Rappahannock River. Pelham Pelham probably never served together on flamboyant Stuart penned another accolade never flinched as his bronze smoothbore de­ the field of battle. Stuart had an affinity for alluding to the brilliant artilleryman. Writ­ fiantly belched cannonballs and grapeshot at the use of artillery which was almost exces­ ing of the conduct of Confederate cavalry the Federal forces, mauling the enemy. sive while Pelham's abilities in its employ­ following Antietam (September 1862) up to Observing the activity from a hill above, ment of the guns ranked as sheer genius. The Pelham's death, Stuart wrote: General Lee admiringly exclaimed, "It is pair delivered an independency of action and "In all these operations I deem it my glorious to see such courage in one so a degree of mobility to horse artillery which duty to bear testimony to the gallant and young." stylized it to the war's end. Others later imi­ patient endurance of the cavalry, fighting Not until his ammunition was expended tated Pelham's innovative tactics but few every day most unequal conflicts, and suc­ did Pelham cease firing. Ordered to retire, he could match his flair and courage. cessfully opposing for an extraordinary period moved to a new and more important posi­ After Fredericksburg students of war began the onward march of McClellan. tion. Pelham immediately assumed command to accord Pelham stature as a ranking mili­ "The Stuart Horse Artillery comes in for of all artillery on the right wing of the Army tary genius, crediting him with the develop­ a full share of this praise, and its gallant of Northern Virginia. (Jackon's Corps) and ment of new artillery tactics. He pioneered commander, Major John Pelham, exhibited a fought his batteries with skill and courage. the daring techniques of sprinting his guns skill and courage which I have never seen Advancing his weapons steadily he severely ahead of the infantry, leading pursuit as surpassed. On this occasion I was more than punished the Union left flank. His counter­ though his horse artillery were cavalry and ever struck with that extraordinary coolness fire assault silenced the Union artillery. Pel­ dashing ahead quickly with many halts lo­ and mastery of the situation which more ham's exploits that day only underscored all cated on good firing terrain in order to delay eminently characterized this youthful of­ of his accomplishments from First Manassas pursuit. ficer than any other artillerist who has at­ forward. In a relatively minor skirmish March 17, tracted my attention. His coup d/oeil was The immediate result of his fire was the 1863 at Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock accurate and comprehensive, his choice of repulse of the advance of Union Major Gen­ about 15 miles northwest of Chancellorsvme, ground made with the eye of mmtary genius, eral George G. Meade's division, whose lines the 22-year-old Pelham was ki1led by a Union and his dispositions always such in retiring Pelham enfiladed until Major General Abner artillery shell. He had galloped, saber at the as to render it impossible for the enemy Doubleday's division arrived for the sole pur­ high, to the head of the Third Virginia Cav­ to press us without being severely punished pose of protecting Meade's left flank from alry and was hit, battle shout on his lips, for his temerity." Pelham's destructive fire. encouraging his comrades. Pelham, gallant Pelham, an Artilleryman Following the battle, Jackson, who like i,ee It was typical of Pelham's elan in battle extraordinaire. Whether in the Civil War, had personally witnessed Pelham's thunder­ that he died while separated from his be­ World War II, or Vietnam ... brave Ameri­ ing guns, remarked to Stuart: "Have you loved guns, which had not yet caught up with cans would follow in his footsteps.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.-Tuesday, September 10, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. entitled "An act to provide for greater Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., by Pres­ Rev. Herbert C. McCoy, First Christian disclosure of the nature and costs of real ident Thomas Jefferson; and Church, Dickson, Tenn., offered the fol­ estate settlement services, to eliminate S.J. Res. 262. Joint resolution authorizing lowing prayer: the payment of kickbacks and unearned the Architect ot the Capitol to permit certain temporary and permanent construction work Our Father, we thank Thee for this fees in connection with settlement serv­ on the Capitol Grounds in connection with opportunity to be here today serving this ices provided in federally related mort­ the erection of an addition to a building on Nation. We thank Thee for Your infinite gage transactions, and for other pur­ privately owned property adjacent to the love and Your mercy. Our prayer be with poses." Capitol Grounds. this Congress that is here and that Your The message also announced that the Senate recede