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DISEC-Study-Guide Disarmament & International Security Committee Study Guide Welcome to DISEC at YorkMUN 2021 Your Chairs The United Nations Organization was founded with the prime aim of maintaining inter- Joe Kumar – Head Chair national peace and security of the world, and also to prevent the upcoming generation Jyotinder is a 2nd Year Engineering undergraduate at UCLan. from the scourge of war. This is as documented in the Universal Declaration of Human He has debated and chaired a large number of conferences in- Rights while condemning and thwarting all actions that threaten to disrupt the interna- cluding some international MUN’s. Originally from India and tional peace and security of the world, which serves as the prime directive of the United then having spent time in upstate New York, he has amassed a Nations. But in the years it followed it has become something more. The United Na- large amount of international experience which provides him tions is a promise, a promise for a better tomorrow, a promise that no matter the adversi- with a unique perspective of MUN which helps both him and ty, a panel of experts in association with technical specialists with the assistance of moti- his fellow delegates. Besides MUN, he also serves as the President of the School of Engi- vated volunteers will keep working to promote the basic human rights for all. neering at UCLan and is very excited about YorkMUN 2021. Every personnel who works or believes in the United Nations has a solemn responsi- Jimmy Tsou – Co-Chair bility to the truth be it scientific truth, historical truth or personal truth. It is our first Jimmy is a 2nd Year International Relations undergraduate at duty to uphold these ideals that the United Nations stand for. At a Model United Nation Queen Mary, University of London. He has worked in the past (MUN) we try to simulate an environment we work towards these ideals and instill in in Taiwan’s legislature as a law assistant in the office of a con- ourselves a responsibility to hold ourselves to a better standard. As the light bearers for gresswoman. He also has over 6 years of experience in MUN the coming generation, it is our responsibility to make the most of now. Now is the most and enthusiasm in the political field. Jimmy is looking forward precious time. Now will never come again. to chairing DISEC and he hopes to give the best experience for all in the upcoming conference. At a MUN we try to measure up to this responsibility. Some people are of the opinion that it is no more than a few kids playing make believe. But the purpose of a MUN is to Dimitra Psychari - Co Chair develop a proficiency in a wide variety of skills like public speaking, conflict-resolution, Dimitra is a Hebrew student at the Hebrew University of Jerusa- decision making, the ability to effectively work in a team, making compromises, do- lem, however she has previously studied law at the University of ing good research and the list goes on. While developing such skills we also try to raise Liverpool and Cardiff University. Her MUN journey started in awareness of some of the issues currently plaguing the world. And, if someday one of 2012 when she joined her High School’s delegation as a replace- the delegates from such a conference is in a position to influence real change then they ment and today she has participated in a large numbers of con- would be well prepared. ferences as delegate, crisis delegate, chair, backroom and even secretariat member. Currently she is the USG of Academics at TLVMUN, hoping that Besides, to quote Mahatma Gandhi, “Be the change you want to see in others”. With that Covid will not get in the way. This will be her 4th YorkMUN and she is really excited to thought I leave you to ponder over the set agenda topics and come up with potentially be a co-chair in DISEC. She hopes that YorkMUN 2021 will be a great experience, with influencing suggestions. Do not hesitate to contact me with any questions. interesting debates, and hopes to meet many new interesting people. 2 3 to establish a nuclear weapon free zone in Africa. (The United Nations Organisation, Introduction to the Disarmament and International Security Committee n.d.) I deemed necessary the UNGA can “unite for peace” as established under the The Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) was established UNGA resolution 377 A which states that if there if the lack of unanimity among the in 1945 and serves as the First committee of the United Nations General Assembly five permanent members of the UNSC has failed the UNSC in performing its primary (UNGA). As stated in Chapter 4, Article 11 of the Charter of the United Nations and the responsibility, then the UNGA shall consider the matter immediately and may make International Court of Justice, the DISEC core working principle revolves around main- recommendations including the use of armed force if a special majority is reached in the tain international peace and security to which extent it may, consider the principles gov- UNGA-DISEC (2/3rd’s of the members). At no points shall the delegates overstep and erning disarmament and regulation of armaments, discuss any questions that may pose discuss issues outside the mandate of this committee. (The United Nations Organisation, a threat, immediate or not, to international peace and security and may deem necessary n.d.) (The United Nations Organisation, n.d.) to call upon the attention of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to situations which may threaten the international peace and security. At no point do these responsi- bilities limit the general scope of the UNGA and by extension of the DISEC stated forth Topic A- Use of PMC’s and Mercenaries in Areas of Armed in Article 10 of the Charter of the United Nations. (The United Nations Organisation, Conflict n.d.) Introduction to the Topic: Private Military companies (PMC’s) are for-profit private entities providing armed com- The UNGA-DISEC works in close cooperation with the United Nations Disarmament bat, security, intelligence, logistic or consulting services for financial gains. Employees Commission and the Conference on Disarmament based in Geneva, Switzerland. The who perform any of these services are referred to as contractors or security contractors. UNGA-DISEC is headquartered in New York City in the United States of America where A large number of contractors at PMC’s comprise of ex-military officials who provide it usually holds sessions once a year for a period of approximately 4 to 5 weeks. All mem- their skill and expertise learned at their respective national military forces for monetary ber nations of the United Nations Organization are members of the UNGA-DISEC and gain. Mercenaries on the other hand are individuals who partake on either side in armed currently the membership stands at 193. Furthermore, the UNGA may award observer conflicts merely for financial gain and have no affiliation, political or otherwise. They are member status to any entity or international organization as is currently held by Pales- not part of any official military and offer their services for payments as opposed to polit- tine and the Holy See. Only full members of the UNGA-DISEC are awarded a vote on ical interests. resolutions however, observer members may cast a vote on non-substantive procedural matters. The number of PMC’s has increased in the recent past especially following the war in Iraq. Various different nations use PMC’s and Mercenaries chiefly for two reasons. First- The UNGA-DISEC was established to oversee the actions of various national and non- ly, in order to avoid accountability of their actions on foreign soil and secondly, contrac- state actors and review situations whose level of urgency do not attract the attention of tors and mercenaries are deployed on missions considered too dangerous for a nation’s the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). In the past, UNGA-DISEC resolutions own military forces. (Seden Akcinaroglu (SUNY-Binghampton), n.d.) have dealt with a wide range of issues threating global peace with resolutions carrying out a wide range of functions like establishing new commissions, as was done in the very Use of PMC’s at times has resulted in full blown military involvement between the con- first resolution in 1946 which established a commission to deal with problems raised by tacted nation and the nation where PMC’s were deployed. For instance- the use of and the discovery of atomic energy; draft treaties as it did in 213 where a treaty was reached subsequent killing of four Blackwater USA contractors in Iraq in 2004 led to the first 4 5 battle of Fallujah. In other cases, PMC’s have been deployed in highly unstable areas for History the purposes of protection covert bases in conflicted regions without any proper backup, Formation: intelligence or logistical support. For instance- the use of contractors to provide securi- Looking at the history of the private military contractors (PMC), the formation of it ty for the CIA annex and the special mission compound in Benghazi which later came traced back to the origin of it in 1965, formed by a group of ex-SAS veterans, and lead under attack from local militia leading in death of several government officials including by the founder of SAS- Sir David Stirling and John Woodhouse, together they founded the US ambassador to Libya, J Christopher Stephens’. The security team had no backup, the WatchGuard International. It began its first assignment at Yemen by reporting the combat or logistical support from their home nation.
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