Military History Anniversaries 01 Thru 14 Feb
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Rethinking Entrapment
*Reprinted with permission of the publisher, American Criminal Law Review, 2004 RETHINKING ENTRAPMENT Joseph A. Colquitt* Entrapment is when you, the big, bad policeman, put evil thoughts into the mind of an otherwise innocent, law-abiding citizen and so coerce him to commit a crime for which you can then arrest him.1 I. INTRODUCTION Sergeant Frazier's sarcasm may be difficult for some to understand, but a brief look at the rancor surrounding entrapment2 provides context for his sentiments. There are two traditional approaches to entrapment: the subjective3 and objective4 tests. The majority position, subjective entrapment, focuses on the actions of the accused, particularly the predisposition of that accused to engage in the type of crime charged.5 A minority of jurisdictions, by way of contrast, employs the objective model of entrapment, which focuses on the actions of law enforcement and bars over-involvement in inciting criminal activity.6 Law enforcement tends to dislike the objective model because it limits the measures agents can take to apprehend or otherwise discourage criminals. In * Jere L. Beasley Professor of Law, University of Alabama School of Law; retired circuit judge. Sixth Judicial Circuit, Stale of Alabama. The author thanks the University of Alabama Law School Foundation for its generous support. 1 am indebted to John C. H. Miller III, Jamie Cowley, Adam A. Bollaert, Will Holmes and Daryl P. Harris, who provided thorough research assistance and helpful comments. I also acknowledge the valuable editing assistance rendered by Amanda Mulkey and Chris Schwan. Naturally, I alone remain responsible for any errors. 1. SGT. -
Colonial Contractions: the Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946
Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Vicente L. Rafael Subject: Southeast Asia, Philippines, World/Global/Transnational Online Publication Date: Jun 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.268 Summary and Keywords The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation- states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power rela tionships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illumi nated in the history of the Philippines. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships. -
2020 Philippines A&M V2.Indd
y th Year of Victor Victory in the Pacific M A Y 19 4 World War II in the Philippines 5 Bataan • Corregidor • Manila March 15-22, 2020 Featuring world-renowned expert on the war in the Pacific James M. Scott, author of Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita and The Battle of Manila • In collaboration with The National WWII Museum • Save $1,000 per couple when booked by August 2, 2019 1946 Corregidor Muster. Photo by James T. Danklefs ‘43 Howdy, Ags! On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked the US Pacific Fleet The Traveling Aggies are pleased to partner with The National WWII Museum on at Pearl Harbor. Just a few hours later, the Philippines faced the same fury Victory in the Pacific: World War II in the Philippines. This fascinating journey will as the Japanese Army Air Force began bombing Clark Field, located north of begin in the lush province of Bataan, where tour participants will walk the first Manila. Five months later, the Japanese forced the Americans in the Philippines kilometer of the Death March and visit the remains of the prisoner of war camp at to surrender, but not before General MacArthur could slip away to Australia, Cabanatuan. On the island of Corregidor, 27 miles out in Manila Bay, guests will famously vowing, “I shall return.” see the blasted, skeletal remains of the mile-long barracks, theater, hospital, and officers’ quarters, as well as the monument built and dedicated by The Association After the fall of the Philippines, 70,000 captured American and Filipino soldiers near Malinta Tunnel in 2015, flying the Texas A&M flag and representing the were sent on the infamous “Bataan Death March,” a 65-mile forced march into sacrifice, bravery and Aggie Spirit of the men who Mustered there. -
THE BATTLE of BARDI a U RING the 2Nd January General Mackay
CHAPTER 8 THE BATTLE OF BARDI A U RING the 2nd January General Mackay visited each of the six attack- D ing battalions . Outwardly he was the most calm among the leaders, yet it was probably only he and the other soldiers in the division who ha d taken part in setpiece attacks in France in the previous war who realise d to the full the mishaps that could befall a night attack on a narrow fron t unless it was carried out with clock-like precision and unfailing dash . The younger leaders were excited, but determined that in their first battle the y should not fail . To one of them it was like "the feeling before an exam" . Afterwards their letters and comments revealed how sharply consciou s many of them were that this was the test of their equality with "the old A.I.F." in which their fathers had served, and which, for them, was the sole founder of Australian military tradition. "Tonight is the night," wrote the diarist of the 16th Brigade . `By this time tomorrow (1700 hrs) the fate of Bardia should be sealed. Everyone is happy, expectant, eager . Old timers say the spirit is the same as in th e last war. Each truck-load was singing as we drove to the assembly point i n the moonlight . All ranks carried a rum issue against the bleak morning . At 1930 hrs we passed the `I' tanks, against the sky-line like a fleet o f battle-cruisers, pennants flying . Infantry moving up all night, rugged , jesting, moon-etched against the darker background of no-man's land . -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. THE STORY BEHIND THE STORIES British and Dominion War Correspondents in the Western Theatres of the Second World War Brian P. D. Hannon Ph.D. Dissertation The University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology March 2015 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………… 5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 6 The Media Environment ……………...……………….……………………….. 28 What Made a Correspondent? ……………...……………………………..……. 42 Supporting the Correspondent …………………………………….………........ 83 The Correspondent and Censorship …………………………………….…….. 121 Correspondent Techniques and Tools ………………………..………….......... 172 Correspondent Travel, Peril and Plunder ………………………………..……. 202 The Correspondents’ Stories ……………………………….………………..... 241 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………. 273 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………...... 281 Appendix …………………………………………...………………………… 300 3 ABSTRACT British and Dominion armed forces operations during the Second World War were followed closely by a journalistic army of correspondents employed by various media outlets including news agencies, newspapers and, for the first time on a large scale in a war, radio broadcasters. -
The Free State of Winston"
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2019 Rebel Rebels: Race, Resistance, and Remembrance in "The Free State of Winston" Susan Neelly Deily-Swearingen University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Deily-Swearingen, Susan Neelly, "Rebel Rebels: Race, Resistance, and Remembrance in "The Free State of Winston"" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 2444. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2444 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REBEL REBELS: RACE, RESISTANCE, AND REMEMBRANCE IN THE FREE STATE OF WINSTON BY SUSAN NEELLY DEILY-SWEARINGEN B.A., Brandeis University M.A., Brown University M.A., University of New Hampshire DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History May 2019 This dissertation has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in History by: Dissertation Director, J. William Harris, Professor of History Jason Sokol, Professor of History Cynthia Van Zandt, Associate Professor of History and History Graduate Program Director Gregory McMahon, Professor of Classics Victoria E. Bynum, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History, Texas State University, San Marcos On April 18, 2019 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. -
(June 1941) and the Development of the British Tactical Air Doctrine
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies A Stepping Stone to Success: Operation Battleaxe (June 1941) and the Development of the British Tactical Air Doctrine Mike Bechthold On 16 February 1943 a meeting was held in Tripoli attended by senior American and British officers to discuss the various lessons learned during the Libyan campaign. The focus of the meeting was a presentation by General Bernard Montgomery. This "gospel according to Montgomery," as it was referred to by Air Chief Marshal Arthur Tedder, set out very clearly Monty's beliefs on how air power should be used to support the army.1 Among the tenets Montgomery articulated was his conviction of the importance of air power: "Any officer who aspires to hold high command in war must understand clearly certain principles regarding the use of air power." Montgomery also believed that flexibility was the greatest asset of air power. This allowed it to be applied as a "battle-winning factor of the first importance." As well, he fully endorsed the air force view of centralized control: "Nothing could be more fatal to successful results than to dissipate the air resource into small packets placed under the control of army formation commanders, with each packet working on its own plan. The soldier must not expect, or wish, to exercise direct command over air striking forces." Montgomery concluded his discussion by stating that it was of prime importance for the army and air 1 Arthur Tedder, With Prejudice: The war memoirs of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Tedder (London: Cassell, 1966), p. -
Helmut Reimitz, History, Frankish Identity and the Framing of Western Ethnicity, 550–850, Cambridge 2015, Cambridge University Press, Ss
Kwartalnik Historyczny Rocznik CXXIV, 2017, 2 PL ISSN 0023-5903 Helmut Reimitz, History, Frankish Identity and the Framing of Western Ethnicity, 550–850, Cambridge 2015, Cambridge University Press, ss. XIV + 513, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Fourth Series, vol. 101 Sądząc po ostrych polemikach między mediewistami, dwie monografi e były kamieniami milowymi w badaniach nad dziejami ludów barbarzyńskich wcze- snego średniowiecza. Pierwszą z nich jest dzieło niemieckiego badacza Rein- harda Wenskusa dotyczące problemów etniczności wczesnośredniowiecznych gentes1, drugą — praca Waltera Goff arta poświęcona dziełom historiografi cznym, które wyszły spod ręki czterech dziejopisów, Jordanesa, Grzegorza z Tours, Bedy Czcigodnego i Pawła Diakona2. Praca, którą chcemy zrecenzować, niejako łączy problemy analizowane w tych dwóch monografi ach, ponieważ zajmuje się pro- gramowo zarówno problemami etniczności Franków, jak i dziełami historiogra- fi cznymi powstałymi na terenie ich królestwa. Helmut Reimitz jest — jak sam z dumą podkreśla (s. xii) — uczniem dwóch wiedeńskich mediewistów, Waltera Pohla i Herwiga Wolframa. Podobnie jak w przypadku jego mistrzów, zainteresowania badawcze Reimitza koncentrują się wokół dwóch problemów — historiografi i wczesnego średniowiecza (głów- nie dzieł historiografi cznych powstałych na terenie Królestwa Franków) oraz etniczności i tożsamości (szczególnie etnicznych tożsamości grup zamieszkują- cych frankijskie królestwa). W sporze między „szkołą z Toronto” (Goff art i jego uczniowie), której członkowie uważają, że etniczność nie odgrywała większej roli w barbarzyńskich królestwach sukcesyjnych3, a „szkołą wiedeńską” (Wolfram i Pohl), którzy przypisują jej ważną rolę w przekształcaniu rzymskiego świata i tworzeniu „nowych” społeczności w tychże królestwach, Autor zajmuje oczy- wiście stanowisko bliskie tej drugiej szkole, stawiając przy tym dość oryginalną hipotezę4. Otóż twierdzi on, że frankijskie społeczności — lub społeczności, które 1 R. -
The Army of the Potomac and the Struggle for High Command 1861-1863
In the Shadow of McClellan: The Army of the Potomac and the Struggle for High Command 1861-1863. Jeffrey Wayne Green MA, BA, Dip Ed. University of Newcastle 2012 Doctor of Philosophy (History) School of Humanities and Social Science The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. (Signed)________________________________________________________ Jeffrey Wayne Green Table of Contents Synopsis Introduction 1 1. Literature Review 15 2. Citizens and Soldiers: The United States Military Tradition. 53 3. The Ninety-Day War and the Struggle for High Command. 84 4. McClellan: ‘I seem to have become the power of the land.’ 124 5. Winter 1861-1862: “Now is the Winter of Our Discontent” Macbeth. 158 6. Walking on in the dark: McClellan’s attempt to win the war with a victory in the east. 201 7. McClellan’s Shadow. 256 8. ‘And now, beware of rashness’ Lincoln 297 Conclusion 343 Bibliography 351 Synopsis This thesis examines how the Union struggled to achieve an effective high command during the first two years of the American Civil War. In particular, it looks at the Union high command through the lens of General McClellan and with a focus on the Union’s main army, the Army of the Potomac. -
Infantry Division (1941-43)]
7 February 2017 [6 (70) INFANTRY DIVISION (1941-43)] th 6 Infantry Division (1) Headquarters, 6th Infantry Division & Employment Platoon 14th Infantry Brigade (2) Headquarters, 14th Infantry Brigade & Signal Section 1st Bn. The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment 2nd Bn. The York and Lancaster Regiment 2nd Bn. The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) 16th Infantry Brigade (3) Headquarters, 16th Infantry Brigade & Signal Section 2nd Bn. The Leicestershire Regiment 2nd Bn. The Queen’s Royal Regiment (West Surrey) 1st Bn. The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise’s) (4) 23rd Infantry Brigade (5) Headquarters, 23rd Infantry Brigade & Signal Section 4th (Westmorland) Bn. The Border Regiment 1st Bn. The Durham Light Infantry (6) Czechoslovak Infantry Battalion No 11 East (7) Divisional Troops 60th (North Midland) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery (8) (H.Q., 237th (Lincoln) & 238th (Grimsby) Field Batteries, Royal Artillery) 2nd Field Company, Royal Engineers 12th Field Company, Royal Engineers 54th Field Company, Royal Engineers 219th (1st London) Field Park Company, Royal Engineers 6th Divisional Signals, Royal Corps of Signals © www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 7 February 2017 [6 (70) INFANTRY DIVISION (1941-43)] Headquarters, 6th Infantry Divisional Royal Army Service Corps (9) 61st Company, Royal Army Service Corps 145th Company, Royal Army Service Corps 419th Company, Royal Army Service Corps Headquarters, 6th Infantry Divisional Royal Army Medical Corps (10) 173rd Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps 189th -
'Something Is Wrong with Our Army…' Command, Leadership & Italian
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies ‘Something is wrong with our army…’ Command, Leadership & Italian Military Failure in the First Libyan Campaign, 1940-41. Dr. Craig Stockings There is no question that the First Libyan Campaign of 1940-41 was an Italian military disaster of the highest order. Within hours of Mussolini’s declaration of war British troops began launching a series of very successful raids by air, sea and land in the North African theatre. Despite such early setbacks a long-anticipated Italian invasion of Egypt began on 13 September 1940. After three days of ponderous and costly advance, elements of the Italian 10th Army halted 95 kilometres into Egyptian territory and dug into a series of fortified camps southwest of the small coastal village of Sidi Barrani. From 9-11 December, these camps were attacked by Western Desert Force (WDF) in the opening stages of Operation Compass – the British counter-offensive against the Italian invasion. Italian troops not killed or captured in the rout that followed began a desperate and disjointed withdrawal back over the Libyan border, with the British in pursuit. The next significant engagement of the campaign was at the port-village Bardia, 30 kilometres inside Libya, in the first week of 1941. There the Australian 6 Division, having recently replaced 4 Indian Division as the infantry component of WDF (now renamed 13 Corps), broke the Italian fortress and its 40,000 defenders with few casualties. The feat was repeated at the port of Tobruk, deeper into Libya, when another 27,000 Italian prisoners were taken. -
Karl Popper and Conspiracy Theories in Polish Political Thought Joanna Diane Caytas, Columbia University
Karl Popper and Conspiracy Theories in Polish Political Thought Joanna Diane Caytas, Columbia University Abstract: Over the last century, Polish national discourse and political culture have produced an uncommonly high incidence of conspiracy theories. A similar tendency can be shown to occur among expatriates, even those one or two generations removed from the home land. Two hundred fifty years of partitions between hostile neighbors resulting in deprivation of a national identity, along with systematic oppression by the occupants’ secret police, and a tradition of uprisings and mass emigration recurring generation after generation account for some of the propensity for conspiracy theories. Karl Raimund Popper recognized conspiracy theories as psychologically anamorphous phenomena based on flawed cognitive patterns and misguided axiomatic beliefs that the more consequential an event, the less likely it is to be random or unintended. This paper examines Polish evidence of Popper’s diagnosis of a widespread aversion to attributing significant events to good or bad luck and of an assumption of an underlying intentional order. Many conspiracy theories go wrong not by mistakenly assuming intentional actors but their identity, motives, or degree of coordination. The common denominator of all conspiracy theories is a misjudgment of the forces of randomness, invisible hand mechanisms, or accidentally disproportionate consequences of relatively minor causes and/or overestimation of the possibility of maintaining control and secrecy of conspiracies in open societies. While not a universal panacea, simple interest analysis can dispel the notion of conspiracy but it can also form part of the misleading theory itself. Keywords: Poland, Karl Popper, Conspiracy Theories, Politics, Rhetoric and Communication, Discourse.