EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION

.PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING DOVER, DELA WARE, NOV. 2, 3, 4, 1973

ALABAMA NEW JERSEY CONNECTICUT NEW YORK DELAWARE NORTH CAROLINA FLORIDA OHIO GEORGIA ONTARlO, CANADA ,. KENTUCKY PENNSYLVANIA MAINE (2) RHODE ISLAND I. MAR YLAND (2) SOUTH CAROLINA MASSACHUSETTS TENNESSEE MICHIGAN VERMONT MISSISSIPPI VIRGINIA NEW HAMPSHIRE WEST VIRGINIA

BULLETIN NO. 33 JULY, 1974 ______1----______,

Page Two BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974

of Bettye J. Broyles as treasurer. After a discussion it was decided to defer action on this matter until Dr. Robbins was able to find a temporary replacement. (Ms. Broyles was later convinced to rescind her BULLETIN resignation). ... The invitation for the 1974 meeting was then discussed. A motion was made by Martha Schiek and seconded by Dale Kirby to accept the of the invitation from the Robtlrt Abbe Museum of Bar Harbor and the Maine Archaeological Society (assisted by the University of Maine Department EASTERN STATES of Anthropology) to hold the meeting in the State ~f ~ai?e .on October 17·20, 1974. The motion was accepted. A tentative InVltatlon ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION to meet in Columbus Ohio, in 1975 was offered by Martha Otto. President Robbin; then called for changes in the By·Laws which No. 33 July, 1974 were necessitated by the institution of a new publication. The pro· visions for the Publication Committee, passed during the 1972 ESAF Corresponding Secretary Editor meetings, call for changes in articles 5, 6, and 7. Presi?ent Robb~ns Marjorie Gay Martha Potter Otto therefore proposed their acceptance. (See General Busmess Meeting Standing Rock, Ohio Historical Society minutes for accepted form.) A motion for approval was made by Alabama 36878 Columbus, Ohio 43211 Bettye Broyles and seconded by Elwood Wilkins. The motion was passed. The next matter brought up for discussion concerned the annual budget for the Publication Committee. President Robbins related th.at presently the committee was retaining some cash on hand for mlS· cellaneous expenses and suggested that this be made policy. It w~s decided that the Publication Committee be authorized to depOSIt MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING - 1973 checks received from publication sales in a special account. A related discussion on the possibility of incorporating to qualify for non·profit The 1973 Annual Meeting of the Eastern States Archeological Federation was held on November 2, 3, and 4, 1973, in Newark, mailing status resulted in no action. .. Delaware. It was hosted by the Archaeological Society of Delaware and A request from Microfil.mi?g Corpor~tion .of ~menca (~ade In was held at the Howard Johnson Motor Lodge and at the John M. 1972) to include the two bibliographies In therr mIcrofilm senes was Gayton Hall for Continuing Education at the University of Delaware. discussed. It was moved by President Robbins and seconded by Martha The meetings began with the Friday morning session at 8:45 A.M. Otto that Dr. Robbins be authorized to negotiate with Microfilming Maurice Robbins, ' ESAF president, introduced Norman A. Nielson, Corporation of America and to act on this matter. The motion was president of the host society. Welcoming remarks on behalf of the passed. . University of Delaware were made by Dr. L. Leon Campbell, provost After a discussion on the distribution of annual bulletms to member and dean for academic affairs. Mr. Nielson then introduced John societies it was decided that an extra 500 copies beyond the number of Witthoft, chairman of the morning session. reported members.in eac:h particular year are to be published and sold The morning's papers began with a report by Dr. Ben C. McCary, to societies needing extras for $.25. The Bulletin editor, Martha Otto, on The Williamson Site: A Progress Report on the Excavation. Richard is to act as the distributing agent. Copies will still be sold at a price of C. Regensburg then initiated a symposium on The Terminal Archaic $1.00 to the general public. with a paper entitled Social Structure of the Savich Farm Site The call for research papers by research chairman, Martha Schiek, was apparently misunderstood by many members and a disc':lss~on w~s Cemetery through its Re·Deposited Cremations and Grave Associations. held on the situation. It had been suggested that member SOCietIes mall It was followed by Preliminary Report of an Analysis of the Savich Farm Cremations by Douglas H. Ubelaker. Elmer T. Erb then con· copies of reports on the research being conducted by their members for pUblication in the Bulletin of the Eastern States Archeologic~ tinued with The Deeply Stratified Byram Site and Its Contribution to Federation. Society representatives would then only report on theIr Archaeology. The final paper of the morning session was ARe· meetings and other business during the Annual Meeting. A ~otion w~s Evaluation of the Points from the Koens·Crispin Site by Francine Weiss made that the business meetings be held on Thursday evenmgs but It and Deborah Odell. was not acted upon. The decision was finally made to handle society The Friday afternoon session was titled Scientific Applications in reports as they had been handled in past years. Archaeology and was chaired by Ronald A. Thomas. The first paper Bettye Broyles, treasurer, brought up the need to have the Eastern was X·Ray Diffraction Analysis of Some of the Savich Farm Point States Archeological Federation fiscal year made to run concurrent Material by Mary Ellen Didier, Alan M. Gaines, Douglas Purvis, and with the calendar year. A motion to this effect was made and was Susan Whitten. A combined paper was then presented by Ronald A. . passed. Thomas and James Blackman on The Section of Archaeology Lithic The following appointments were made by President Ro~bins: Notebook Project. This paper was followed by Application of Nomination Committee Chairman, Herbert Kraft; Program ChalIman Neutron·Activation Analysis to a Study of Prehistoric Steatite Artifacts for the 1974 meeting, Herbert Kraft; Publicity Chairman, Alice and Source Material by Al Luckenbach. Thomas Meyers continued with Wellman; Exhibits Chairman, Robert G. MacKay; Publication Com· The University of Michigan Project in Neutron·Activation Analysis. The mittee Chairman, Maurice Robbins; Circulation Manager, Carol Barnes; next paper was by Neal Trubowitz on Instrumental and Chemical Publication Committee Secretary, Mabel A. Robbins; AEN.A. Editor, Methods of Site Survey and Testing in the Allegheny and Genesee Louis A. Brennan; Bulletin Editor, Martha Otto; Membership Chairman, Valleys. Dr. J. Norman Emerson continued with a paper entitled Ted Guthe. Intuitive Archaeology: A Psychic Approach. The last paper of the There being no further business to bring before the Executive afternoon waS Soil Interpretation for Archaeologists by Dr. John E. Meeting it was adjourned at 8:54 P.M. Foss. Executive Board Meeting General Business Meeting The Executive Board Meeting was called to order at 7:40 P.M. on The General Business Meeting was called to order at 9:05 P.M. on November 2, 1973, by President Maurice Robbins at the Howard November 2, 1973 at the Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in Newark, Johnson Motor Lodge in Newark, Delaware. The treasurer's report was Delaware, by President Maurice Robbins. given by Bettye J. Broyles. The balance as of November 1972 was The first report from corresponding secretary, Majorie Gay, con· reported as $3,134.35. Deposits made during 1973 totaled $4,534.08 cerned the following matters: E.S.A.F. Directories have been sent and cash on hand totals $445.07. The 1973 debits totaled $3,600.08 out and should be in the hands of the members; stationery has been and an unpaid bill remaining totals $2,598.70. The balance in the printed and is available to any officers or staff chai~man through Mr~. treasury of the Eastern States Archeological Federation as of November Gay; attempts to reach the Quebec society resulted ~n the news tha~ It 2,1973, is $1,914.72. ' is no longer in existence, attempts are apparently bemg ~adeto reVIve It was then reported that the frrst issue of Archaeology of Eastern the organization; total costs incurred by the correspondm,g secre!ary North America has been published and has already brought in receipts were approximately $50.00. Dale Kirby of the ArchaeolOgIcal SOCIety of $3 ,200.00. An inventory of 1500 copies above and beyond those of Virginia called for a show of appreciation for Mrs. Gay 's work as already sold is being maintained. The printing costs for this publication corresponding secretary. from Braun·Brumfield of Ann Arbor, Michigan, was $2,598.70. The treasurer's report was read by Bettye Broyles as given during Reports from the two secretaries and the chairmen were deferred. the Executive Board Meeting. Since no Old Business remained to be discussed the President then President Robbins then related the situation with the Publication called for New Business. The frrst order of business was the resignation Committee and the newly published Archaeology of Eastern North _.. __ .___ ~. __---I. _____ -I.-I ... 1 _____,___ _

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Three

America. The resignation of Bettye Broyles as treasurer was also Edward F. Heite on The Forgotten Landmarks, and by Budd Wilson, reported to the general membership. Industrial Archaeology. A panel discussion was then held on The The acceptance of the Maine organizations to hold the 1974 Seventeenth-Century Settler and His House. meeting in their state was announced as was the invitation from the The Saturday afternoon session was held jointly with the Council Ohio group to host the 1975 meetings. for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Edward Hinterliter was pre­ President Robbins then called upon the recording secretary, Ronald siding. The first paper was by Christian F. Feest on Southeastern A. Thomas, to read the minutes of the Executive Board meeting. A Algonquian Culture: Definition and Internal Variation. John L. Ludlow motion was made that they be accepted. The motion was passed. then presented a paper on the Excavations on Bennett's Point, The first order of Old Business was the resolution accepted at the Maryland (18-Qu-28) . . Dr. Norman F. Bru:ka th~n. ?iscussed The 1972 meetings on Curbing Commercialization of Antiquities. Colonel Archaeology of Flowerdew Hundred Plantatzon, VlrgmlO. It was fol­ Howard A. MacCord asked how many member societies had also lowed by The Industrial Archaeology of Patterson, New Jersey by accepted the resolution and a count was made. Many societies had Edward Rutsch; Dr. Charles McGimsey presented a paper on Archaeo­ either accepted the resolution or had brought it up for action. logical Certification for Amateurs, followed by the last paper of the President Robbins then brought up the matter of his proposed day by Earl L. Sidler III on Understanding The Past. changes in the By-Laws. After a discussion on various details the The Saturday evening banquet and social hour was held in the main proposed amendments were accepted as follows: dining room of John M. Clayton Hall. The speaker of the evening was Jackson W. ("Smokey") Moore of the National Park Service who spoke ARTICLE 5 shall be amended to read as follows: on The Role of the National Park Service in Archaeology. The final session was held on Sunday morning. It was opened by The five elected officers, the appointed Staff Chairmen, the two (2) Cara L. Wise who spoke on The Nassawango Adena Site. Louise Basa Editors, and the Representatives (one from each member society) shall then spoke on The Boucher Site in Highgate, Vt. Key Holes, Ping Pong comprise the Executive Board. (The rest of Article 5 shall remain as in Paddles, or Turtle Pits, was the title of the next paper given by Ira F. the present By-Laws.) Smith III. Mary C. Sawyer then presented a paper entitled The "Indian Mound" Site (7NC-D36) : A Middle Archaic Poplar Island Phase Site in ARTICLE 6 shall be amended to read as follows: New Castle County, Delaware. Louis A. Brennan then spoke on Early Triangular Points at Piping Rock. The final paper of the 1973 meetings The President of the Federation shall appoint six (6) Staff Chair­ was presented by John Wonderly on Archaeology at Milford High men at the Annual Meeting. The Publication Chairman, a Research, and School, Delaware. Membership Chairman to serve concurrently with the President. The The total registration at the 1973 meeting was 286 with the Program Chairman, Exhibits Chairman, and Publicity Chairman shall be following states represented. appointed annually. (The rest of the Article shall remain as in the present By-Laws.) Alabama 2 New York 38 Arkansas 1 North Carolina I ARTICLE 7 shall be amended to read as follows: Connecticut 3 Ohio 1 Delaware 48 Pennsylvania 61 A. The Editor of A.E.NA. shall edit the annual publication. He Georgia 1 Tennessee 2 shall, with the approval of the Publication Committee, submit an Kentucky 1 Vermont 2 annual budget to the Executive Committee for approval and submission Maine 5 Virginia 23 to the Annual Meeting. The Editor of the annual BUlletin shall edit the Maryland 45 West Virginia 3 Bulletin and all other publications of the Federation and serve as Massachusetts 7 Ontario 3 advisor to the Editors of member societies. Michigan 4 Washington, D.C. 5 b-c-d-e-f shall remain as in the present By-Laws: New Jersey 27 Unknown 3 G. A Publication Committee shall be appointed by the President to serve concurrently with him. This committee shall consist of a Chair­ man (Staff Chairman), Secretary, Treasurer, Circulation Manager, and Respectfully submitted, the two Editors pro tem, and any additional members deemed desirable Ronald A. Thomas by the President and the Executive Board. Recording Secretary President Robbins then called for a motion to change the E.S.A.F. fiscal year from a November to November year to the calendar year. A motion was made, seconded, and approved. Society reports were then called for by President Robbins. It was suggested by Colonel MacCord that they be as concise as possible. The following reports were given: Alabama by Marjorie Gay for Dr. Dejarnette; Connecticut by David Thompson; Delaware by Elwood Wilkins; Georgia by , ; Kentucky by Joseph Granger; Robert Abbe Museum by Alice Wellman; the Maine Archaeological REPORTS OF THE STATE SOCIETIES - 1973 Society by Robert MacKay; Maryland Academy Archaeological Section by Nancy Carlile; Archeological Society of Maryland, Inc. by Paul ALABAMA-Mrs. Marjorie Gay reported that the Alabama Archaeo­ Cresthull; Massachusetts by Carol Barnes; Michigan by Alice Noecher; logical Society has a membership totaling 640 for 1973 which is an New Hampshire by Howard Sargent; New Jersey by Janet Pollak; New all-time high for the Society. This total is made of 317 regular, 118 York by Lou Brennan; Ohio by Martha Otto; Ontario by John Reid; family, 28 associate, 81 institutional, 28 sustaining, 19 joint sustaining, Pennsylvania by Vivian Marshall; Tennessee by ; Vermont by 37 life, 10 joint life, and 2 honorary life members. There are fourteen Louise Basa; Vuginia by Dale Kirby; and West Virginia by Dan Fowler. chapters and one very active auxiliary group, The Pastfinders of Dr. Charles R. McGimsey III, president-elect of the Society for Birmingham. American Archaeology, was asked to say a few words about the future The Alabama Archaeological Society emblem, designed by William of archaeology in North America as seen from his' office. His emphasis Pendleton of Muscle Shoals, was adopted by the Society and now was on the expected expansion of archaeology and the problems which appears on all Society stationery. he f orsees as a result. Mrs. Marjorie Gay, of the East Alabama Chapter, is corresponding Don Dragoo, immediate past-president, then called for an expression secretary for the Eastern States Archeological Federation. of appreciation for the work done by Lou Brennan as editor of The Journal of Alabama Archaeology, edited by David L. Archaeology of Eastern North America and for Dr. Maurice Robbins as DeJarnette, is published semi-annually. The June 1973 issue contained president of thc Eastern States Archeological Federation. "Archaeological Investigations of the Weiss Reservoir of the Coosa The 1973 General Business Meeting was adjourned at 10:32 P.M. River in Alabama, Part I" by David L. Dejarnette, Edward B. Kurjack, The Saturday morning session of the Eastern States Archeological and Bennie C. Keel. The December issue, Volume XIX, contained Federation was a symposium on the Delaware Indian, chaired by Dr. "Archaeological Investigations of the Weiss Reservoir of the Coosa Barry Kent. Papers were given by John Witthoft on The Archaeology River in Alabama, Part II" by David L. Dejarnette, Edward B. Kurjack , of The Delawares; William A. Hunter on Documentary Information and Bennie C. Keel , and the membership list for 1973. Regarding Delaware Subdivisions; and Ives Goddard on The Big House The Society newsletter, Stones and Bones, is mailed monthly Ceremony and Other Delaware Religious Practices in Historical Per­ throughout the year to the membership. Each issue contains 8 to 10 spective. Discussants included Christian F. Feest, Herbert C. Kraft, and pages of information on events occurring within and without the state Ronald A. Thomas. of Alabama. A popular continuing feature is the periodic review of the Also meeting with the Eastern States Archeological Federation on pUblications of other societies which are received through exchange Saturday morning was the Council for Northeast Historical Archeology. agreements. Brittain Thompson is the editor and Mr. and Mrs. E. M. The Council's business meeting at 9:30 was followed by papers by Harris are editorial assistants...... ---...... -.----~.----.------

Page Four BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974

During the year, due to the efforts of Bart Henson, president, the DELAWARE-Elwood S. Wilkins reported that the membership of Alabama Archaeological Society was incbrporated as. a non-profit the Archaeological Society of Delaware is 156 and that there are two corporation under the Alabama Non-Profit Corporation Act, and chapters of the Society. The speakers for the year and their programs efforts are continuing to obtain a tax exempt status from the Internal were: Gail T. Robinson, Marmes Man; Marshall Becker, Recent Exca­ Revenue Service. vations at Tikal; Edwin C. Buxbaum, Shaminism and Hallucinogens; , In September, The First Ten Years of the Journal of Alabama Ronald A. Thomas, Delmarva Archaeology; and two films, 4-Butte-1: Archaeology was published by the Society. It contains 673 pages A Lesson in Archaeology, and Snaketown. The Caleb Pusey House pro­ comprising the entire first ten volumes of the publication, and sells for gram is now in its 12th year and the Iron Hill Museum is receiving its $5.00; of the 1,000 published approximately half remain available. usual support. There are no plans to republish this book at the present time. The salvage excavation of the Bennett's Point site, 18-Qu-28, has Plans were made for the establishment of a series to be entitled been closed in accordance with the wishes of the new owners of the Special Publications of the Alabama Archaeological Society with Num­ property. The excavation of this site, under the direction of John L. ber 1 being "Fort Mitchell: An Archaeological Exploration in Rus&ell Ludlow, uncovered the foundation of a house believed to be that of County, Alabama" by David W. .Chase. This series will be printed on an Richard Bennett, America's first millionaire, and many 17th and 18th irregular basis with Number 1 due to be available by April 1974 at a century artifacts. This site had held much promise of valuable informa­ cost of $2.00. tion on the early period of Maryland. Steve B. Wimberly of Birmingham was appointed by Governor The test excavations at the "Indian Mound" site, 7-NC-D-36, near George Wallace as the Alabama Archaeological Society's representative Red Lion, New Castle County, Delaware, have been completed. It is a to serve on the Alabama Historical Commission. Middle Archaic-Poplar Island Phase site. The excavation, carried out by The Summer Meeting of the Society was held June 16-17 at members of the Minguannan Chapter, has shown that further work on Auburn, Alabama, and was hosted by the East Alabama Chapter and this single culture, undisturbed site should yield valuable information the Montgomery Chapter. Speakers included W. Warner Floyd who on this period. spoke on Alabama's Archaeological Future; a report on the Excavations Five numbers of Inksherds have been issued. An article, compiled at Fort Mims was presented by Rod Gillespie; Dale White spoke on by Arthur G. Volkman, and containing excerpts from the Journals of Historical Archaeological Sites;David Chase presented a paper on Early Henry David Thoreau on his observations and reflections on the Lithic Horizons in Central Alabama; Collision in the New World was Algonquins of Massachusetts in 1842-61 will be issued shortly as Paper the title of the report by Harold Huscher; William Wesley spoke on the No.7. A lengthy article, The House on the Kirby Tract Better Known as proper Disposal of Artifact Collections; Fort Toulouse was the subject Carson's or the Buck Tavern, has been submitted for pUblication by of Donald Heldman's paper; and Houston Wright gave a report on Elwood S. Wilkins, Jr. and Richard C. Quick. This article covers the Some Goals for the Future. The main speaker for the Summer Meeting archaeology and also provides extensive new historical insights on this was Dr. John Mahon who spoke on Indian Oral History Project with tavern site which was excavated by the Archaeological Society of which he is involved. Delaware. The early tavern was visited several times by George The Winter Meeting was held in Cullman, Alabama, on December 8, Washington and was occupied by the Hessians on their way to the 1973, and hosted by the Cullman Chapter of the Society. Speakers Battle of the Brandywine. Because of the length of this article and the were Ned Jenkins who gave a fine report on the Archaeological Salvage numerous illustrations, special funds are being sought to provide for its at the West Jefferson Steam Plant; John Walthall who spoke on publication. Highway Salvage Excavations in Baldwin County, Alabama; Harold The Society adopted the resolution entitled Curbing Commercialism Huscher spoke on Salvage Excavations, West Point Dam, 1973; a report of Antiquities. on the Activities, Office of Archaeological Research, University of Alabama was given by Carey Oakley; Excavations at Gaineswood, FLORIDA-Cliff Mattox of the Florida Anthropological Society Demopolis, Alabama was the subject of a second talk by Ned Jenkins; reported that the Annual Meeting was held in St. Augustine on 17 and David Chase spoke on 1973 at Hunter Station; Fort Toulouse was the 18 March 1973. The meeting had the largest attendance in the history subject of a talk by Craig Ray; Read Stowe reported on Fort Mims of the Society, 188 members and guests attended. The technical papers Excavation and Restoration; Clarke County Site Survey; and Labora­ were also outstanding and were more representative of the purpose of tory Work; a short report on the Status of Pebble Tools was given by the Society than those of past meetings. Steve Wimberly; and W. Warner Floyd spoke on The Alabama His­ Dr. John Griffin, program chairman, did an excellent job of torical Commission. The main speakers for the December Meeting were planning the meeting and selecting the papers. His selection of papers Col. Howard MacCord, Sr. who reported on Current Archaeology in gave almost equal time to prehistoric archaeology, historic archaeology, Virginia and H. Morgan Smith whose subject was Archaeological Work cultural anthropology, and physical anthropology. In the past, more in Panama. emphasis has been on archaeology rather than anthropology. Dr. W. A. Cockrell's paper on the underwater recovery of a burial from warm mineral springs (Florida) described one of the most significant archaeological finds to date in Florida. The burial was found CONNECTICUT-David H. Thompson reported that the Archae­ at a depth of 60 feet in the spring and has been determined to be ological Society of Connecticut, Inc. has a membership of 395. The 10,000 years old. Society's constitution has been entirely revised and there is now a code The Florida Anthropological Society published and distributed four of ethics which will be given to all new members. Under the editorship issues of the Florida Anthropologist this year. of Barbara M. Jordan, two issues of the Bulletin have just been The Society has seven chapters and all seven have active archae­ published. Number 37 contains six articles and 51 pages. Number 38 ological programs. Each of the chapters issues local publications of has five articles and 90 pages. The editor reports that there are now a their activities. sufficient number of manuscripts available with which to publish A new Constitu tion and By-Laws has been drafted and will be Bulletin No. 39. Also, four issues of the Newsletter, Nos. 118-121, presented to the membership at the Annual Meeting. The proposed have been published. Constitution and By-Laws will provide for mailed ballot rather than a The Spring Meeting was held on April 28 at Central Connecticut vote of the members present at the Annual Meeting. Also, to broaden State College. As an innovation, three How-to-do-it Workshops, con­ the . representation of the Board of Directors, it is proposed that each ducted by both amateur and professional members of the Society, were chapter will be represented on the Board. incorporated into the program. The first dealt with Scientific Photogra­ The Society's· next meeting (annual) is scheduled to be held in phy, the second was concerned with Stratigraphic Interpretations, and JacksonVille, Florida, 15-17 March 1974. the third was entitled How to Write an Archaeological Report. Also at the Spring Meeting, Richard Q. Boury, Jr., a member of the Society, spoke on The Ferry Road Site Revisited. Dr. Anita Furshpan, professor KENTUCKY - Vernon White, secretary-treasurer of the Kentucky of history at the University of Connecticut, spoke on Excavations at Archaeological Association, reports that ESAF's newest member is Tell Gezer, Israel. growing. There are now four chapters, the Bowling Green, the Louis­ The How-to-do-it Workshops were continued at the Fall Meeting on ville, the Red River, and the Jackson Purchase Archaeological Society. October 13 at Central Connecticut State College . . The first was The third Arinual Meeting was held on March 31 , 1973, at Louisville. concerned with The Techniques for Excavating a Rockshelter, the The program included the following papers: Public Archaeology and second dealt with The Identification of Lithic Materials and Sources the Role of the Non-Professional by Joseph E. Granger; Salvage ~hile the last one was entitled Pottery: Styles, Temper, and Decora: Excavation at Eagle Creek Reservoir by Roger Allen; Historic Archae­ tion. ological Techniques and Anthropology by Joseph Benthal; An Archae­ Mr. Herbert C. Kraft, director of the Seton Hall University Museum, ological Survey in the Land Between the Lakes by Jack D. Nance; Site South Orange, New Jersey, presented an Overview of the Archaeology Surveying: Identifying Surface Features and Methods of Cataloging by of the Upper Delaware Valley. Mr . Edmund K. Swigart, president of Louis and Rolland Soule; The Old Bone Returns by William Bass; the Shcpaug Valley Archaeological Society, Inc., discussed the signifi­ Lucas Mammoth Site by Charles Oldham; Developing an Archaeological cance of Several Radio-carbon Dates in Western Connecticut. Program for the Northern Kentucky Region by John Mori. ....l.. ______... '...1 ______.______l. ___ I

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Five

MAINE-Alice Wellman reported that the 1973 Annual Meeting of The Eighth Annual Spring Symposium on Archeology was held in the Robert Abbe Museum was held July 18 in Bar Harbor. Mr. Paul G. Annapolis, Maryland , on April 7, 1973. The continued success and high Favour, Jr., Mr. Wendell S. Hadlock, and Mr. Austin W. Carter were quality of these symposiums are a tribute to the programming by Mrs. reelected president, secretary, and treasurer, respectively. Reports were Iris McGillivray, former president of ASM, Inc. The morning speakers heard from the officers and also from Gardiner L. Lane in charge of were Dr. Douglas H. Ubelaker, Population Reconstruction From Mary­ cataloguing, Alice N. W!llman on La Pomkeag site report progress, land Ossuary Samples, and Dr. H. Chandlee Forman, Early Cooking Wendell S. Hadlock, honorary curator, and Edith Favour, chief Methods in the BahaltU1 Islands. The afternoon speakers were Karen D. museum attendant. Membership stands at 62. Vitelli, bxcavations at the Franchti Cave, Greece, John L. Ludlow, The During the year, the museum's energy and budget were expended Search for the Home of Richard Bennett III (1667-1749), and W. Fred on new exhibit installations, building maintenance, and purchases of Kinsey III, Prehistoric Chronology, Settlement, and Adaptation in the increaSingly rare quillwork and basketry. The collection catalogue was Delaware Valley. updated and collections photographed. There was no field work in The Milford Mills High School Chapter carried on a regular program 1973. of field work at historical sites to train the members in archeological Visitation at the museum was over 50,000 for the May 31 to ml:thods. On May 20, 1973, the Mid-Shore Chapter put on an Indian October 15 period. A tape recorded talk was used on busiest days to Artifact Show in Easton featuring 23 private collections and attracted save the attendants' vocal cords. 500 visitors, some from Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Bulletin 10, "Indian Games, Toys, and Pastimes of Maine and the Members of the Anne Arundel County Archeological Society (which is Maritimes," by Edith Favour, will be ready for distribution in May a chapter) participated in the investigation of the Crofton Mystery 1974. "La Pomkeag Site-A Preliminary Report," by Alice N. Wellman, Tunnels. The Lower Delmarva Chapter discovered the Nassawango is near completion. Creek site with some Adena traits and worked with Cara Wise in its Robert MacKay of The Maine Archaeological Society, Inc., reported excavation. The Hartford County Chapter moved some samples of the that the group held two meetings with speakers in the spring and fall. Bald Friar petroglyphs from a storage area in Baltimore to Bel Air for A few members attended a week's excavation at Hirunda under the public display as a part of th~ celebration of Hartford County's 200th supervision of the University of Maine's Department of Anthropology. birthday. The chapter carried out a controlled surface hunt of the The Society did not conduct any other field work. Boyer Road site under the supervision of site chairman, John Reynolds, using square,s 100 feet on a side. Paul Cresthull is working MARYLAND-Nancy Carlile reported that the Archeological with members of the Ecology Section, U.S. Army, at Edgewood Society of Maryland, a section of the Maryland Academy of Sciences, Arsenal, in recording sites at several military bases, and in digging a has two chapters, the Central Chapter meeting in Baltimore and the Selby Bay-Fox Creek Middle Woodland sheUheap at Edgewood Arsenal. Southwestern Chapter meeting in Bethesda. Total membership in the Our Society co-operated with the Archeological Society of Maryland, a Society as of October 1973 is 156. section of the Maryland Academy of Sciences, in co-sponsoring the Each chapter holds regular monthly meetings and the Society third Memorial Day Weekend Field School. This dig, under the publishes a monthly newsletter. The Society's annual meeting was held direction of the state archeologist, Tyler Bastian, was to test an area in at Johns Hopkins University on October 20, 1973. Dr. Christian Feest Frederick County near the Potomac River. and Mr. John Witthoft spoke on the relationship of archeology and Our Society suffered a great loss in the death of Elmer A. Jones of ethnohistory in Maryland and the Indians of Chesapeake Bay, respec­ Northeast, Maryland, on December 7, 1972. Elmer was the major tively. Honorary membership was presented to Mr. William B. Marye of driving force in the formation of the Society and served as its first Baltimore for his contributions to archeology in Maryland, especially president. At the time of his death, he held the offices of vice his work and research on the Indians of the contact period. president of the Society and chairman of the State Advisory Com­ The Society sponsors an annual field session together with the mittee on Archeology. He was well known to both amateur and Archeological Society of Maryland, Inc., under the direction of the professional archeologists in many states throughout the eastern sea­ state archeologist, Mr. Tyler Bastian. The 1973 field session was held at board and all of them share our loss of a good friend. At the Annual a site near Point of Rocks on Memorial Day weekend. Because of bad Meeting, the talk by Cara Lewis on the Nassawango Creek site was weather, testing of the site is continuing. presented as a memorial lecture to Elmer Jones as his chief interest was Society members assist the state archeologist on excavations in the Adena traits of the Delmarva area. throughout the state and assist in reporting new archeological sites to him as part of a continuing effort to build a central file on sites in MASSACHUSETTS-Thomas E. Lux reported that during the past Maryland. year the Massachusetts Archaeological Society has added 166 members Mr. Charles Dawson of the Society supervised an excavation in to its rolls bringing the total membership to 1,644. Rockville of a site reported to be Hungerford Tavern. The dig was Two double numbers of the Bulletin and two Newsletters were conducted at the request of the Rockville Historical Society with their published. In addition a third prin ting of the Classification Bulletin membership doing most of the excavation. Results of the excavation (#25, No. 1) was made necessary by the increasing demand for this indicate that it is unlikely that the foundation is Hungerford Tavern number. but instead the foundation of a building dating to the late 18th The semi-annual meeting of the Society was held at the University century, possibly as much as 50 years too recent for Hungerford of Massachusetts in Amherst and the Annual Meeting was held on Tavern. October 20 at the Bronson Museum in Attleboro. Individual efforts include the cataloguing of the archeological The Society museum has been especially busy this year. The collections of the Maryland Historical Society by Mr. Carroll Bennett increasing number of school classes desiring a conducted tour of the and arranging for exhibits of local Indian artifacts in public libraries by exhibits necessitated thl: hiring of a part-time assistant curator for this Brother James McPike. service. The Society adopted the resolution entitled Curbing Commercialism The Research Committee and the Education Committee have been of Antiquities. considerably expanded during the past year and plans for continued Paul Cresthull reported that the Archeological Society of Maryland, expansion were announced at the Annual Meeting. Inc. has a membership of 205 to date, including all classes. There are Two archaeological regulation bills are at present pending in the six chapters, including a student chapter at the Milford Mill High Massachusetts General Court. School. The Society publishes four newsletters and two issues of the Members of various chapters have also participated in an expansion Journal per year although the Journal is behind schedule. The officers of the Society's Research Committee designed to accomplish two of the Society are: president, Reynolds Horpel; vice-president, Paul goals-one, to update the archaeological site survey of Massachusetts; Cresthull; recording secretary, George Numsen; and treasurer, Thomas the other, to act as agents of the Society in the inspection, and if Mayr. needed the excavation, of sites threatened by various state-involved The 10th Annual Meeting of the Society was held at the SalisbUry projects, such as flood control programs, highway expansion, and State College, Salisbury, Maryland, on October 13, 1973, with the electric power lines. Several such potential sites have been surveyed and Lower Delmarva Chapter as host. In the morning sessions, Reynolds declared free from archaeological remains, while others of greater Horpel spoke on Introduction of Archeology Into the Curriculum of extent or less immediate peril remain to be inspected or to be reported Baltimore County Schools, Paul Cresthull presented slides on the on. Surviving Specimens of the Bald Friar Petroglyphs and The Crofton Aptucxet Chapter-No information, newly organized chapter on Mystery Tunnels. The mystery tunnels aroused considerable interest in upper Cape Cod. t.P!'! I!.ewspap~!~ _ of the local area and may be attributed to old, possibly Cohannet Chapter-Members have participated in one or another of prehistoric, animal burrows almost certainly dug by wolves. Tyler four separate excavations and have completed a fifth in the course of Bastian, the state archeologist, presented a talk on archeological work the present digging season. Work continues at Wapanucket, this season in the state during the past year, and Cara Wise spoke on The closing with the testing of a new location at the site. Nassawango Creek Site. In the afternoon, Dr. John L. Cotter presented Excavation of Bear Swamp II in Berkeley, a salvage excavation, was the Fourth Annual Frederick M. Steiner Memorial Lecture on Ceramics completed after several seasons' work. A preliminary report of the frrst in Historical Archeology. season's work has been completed as a doctoral dissertation (Penn. _____ , ___ ~. ____"______...... J.______

Page Six BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974

1972) by Dr. Carol Barnes. A number of chapter members were also 170, Which is a sharp decline from last year. Approximately half of the engaged in salvage excavation of the Read Farm B site in Seekonk and members are designated as being "At Large," not affiliated with any of the Peace Haven site on the Taunton River near Assonet Bay, A particular chapter. There are several active chapters located throughout preliminary report of the Read Farm site is currently in preparation. the state and attempts are being made to activate new chapters or All the sites are basically Archaic, although Peace Haven also contains a revitalize the old ones. Most of the chapters hold monthly meetings Middle Woodland component. During the winter, chapter members and the annual meeting was held in October in Biloxi. The Newsletter participated in the flotation analysis of the contents of features has been revamped and will be issued under the editorship of Mr. excavated by the previous chapters. A final report on Bear Swamp II is in Samuel O. McGahey, state archaeologist with the Department of process. Archives and History. It is anticipated that ten issues will be forth­ Norwottuck Chapter-Over the winter and into the spring, all coming during the year and the Association hopes to use this method preliminary laboratory work was completed by chapter members on of communication to renew interest. material recovered from the WMECO site in Gill. An artifact analysis The Gulf Coast Chapter worked during the year under permit from and a site report are currently nearing completion for this Middle the Department of Archives and History at the Greenwood Island site Archaic (Neville-Stark complex) to Middle Woodland riverine site. in Pascagoula. The members sorted and classified materials secured and From June to the present, local MAS members have been excavating a report was made to the state. Through this work, the members the Fort Hill site, a late 17th century, fortified Squakheag village in secured a better understanding of the Early Woodland Period on the southern New Hampshire. Historic Indian-English-French interaction in Gulf Coast. Up-dating site cards is continuing and a report regarding this area and the direction of Squakheag culture change and ecological the work at the earthworks fortification in Hancock County has been adaptation are the current research questions of interest. A new made to the Department of Archives and History. In the fall of 1973, Paleo-Indian site has been located in southwestern New Hampshire on the Department of Archives and History had a chain link fence the Ashuelot River on the shore of an old glacial lake, but to date constructed along the northern boundary of the earthworks for preser­ information is sparse since work has just started. A broken fluted point vation of this site which has been declared a State Archaeological and flakes have been recovered. Landmark. Sippican Chapter-No information. Members of the North Delta Chapter of Clarksdale were instrumen­ W. Elmer Ekblaw Chapter-No information. tal in helping to preserve a few precious artifacts from a mound which Massasoit Chapter-Members engaged in two separate chapter digs was destroyed near Clarksdale. The mound, recorded as the Bobo site during the past year, one the Winnetuxet site in Plympton, the other by Phillip Phillips, James A. Ford, and James Griffin in an ar chae­ an exploratory excavation for the MAS Research Committee at the ological survey conducted during the years 1940-1947, was a small Plymouth Nuclear Plant in South Plymouth. The Winnetuxet site has mound. It was destroyed to furnish dirt for use in constructing a provided numerous (surface?) finds of artifacts and flakes in the past, shopping center. Destroying Indian mounds in the Delta region is a but the chapter dig is too recently begun to have turned up much yet. familiar story. There are hundreds of them, and although the mounds Test pits at the Plymouth Nuclear property to date have been sterile may sometimes be cultivated to' increase the planting acreage, the usual and the site has apparently been abandoned for the Winnetuxet site. reason for destruction is that it is a lot less trouble than preserving it Individual members have also engaged in surface collecting and private would be. excavations. The ninth An-nual Meeting held in Biloxi was attended by members Merrimack Chapter-No information. from throughout the state. Papers were presented on the following South Shore Chapter-Members have been excavating the Green Hill subjects: The f/ancock, Pearl and Pascagoula Rivers as Accultural site, where two radiocarbon dates (7950 BP and 7875 BP) have been Routes by Mr. Harold A. Huscher, Department of Anthropology, obtained. The Ponkapoag site was recently reopened with "interesting University of Georgia; The Wheeler Series Pottery and its Position in material recovered." Carbon-14 dates were financed by selling auto Southeastern Prehistory, a paper prepared by Ned Jenkins, Department decals and MAS emblematic jewelry. of Anthropology of University of Alabama, and read by J. Mark One member participated in the excavation of a Roman fortress in Williams of the Gulf Coast Chapter; Excavation of Big Oak Island, talk York, England, during the summer. Another was reportedly working on and slide presentation given by Dr. J. Richard Shenkel, Department of a Byzantine church in Greece. Anthropology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans Campus; Comment on Mississippian Occupation of East Central Mississippi, MICHIGAN -Alice C. Noecker reported that the Annual Meeting of discussion by Richard A. Marshall, Department of Anthropology, the Michigan Archaeological Society was held at Michigan State Mississippi State University; and Survey of the Tennessee-Tombigbee University, East Lansing, Sunday, April 15, 1973. Waterway Jim Atkinson, Mississippi State University Department of A dues increase proposed by the Executive Board was adopted for Anthropology; The Search for Fort Maurepas, by Sam McGahey, state 1974 by the membership. This increase was made necessary by the archaeologist, Mississippi Department of Archives and History. rising cost of publishing the Michigan Archaeologist. President of the Mississippi Archaeological Association for the year The Michigan Archaeologist for 1973 is Volume 19, comprising two 1974 is Mr. H. Ray Wallace of Pascagoula, Dr. Van R. Burnham, Jr. of double issues. The editor continues to be Dr. Elizabeth E. Baldwin, Oarksdale is northern vice-president, and James Bruseth of Slidell, Western Michigan University. Lousiana, is southern vice-president. Mary G. Neumaier of Biloxi is Eight chapters reported at the Annual Meeting. secretary-treasurer. Newly .. elected to the Board of Advisors were: The following new officers were elected to join President Donald B. Brother Albert Ledet, SC., Ted Brown, Robert Morris, Rev. C. H. Simons and Trustees Ira W. Butterfield and George W. Davis on the Stone, Jr., Louis Fernandez, Ira Fowler, Donald DeMetz, Charles Executive Board: Edward F. Petteys, president-elect; Mrs. John D. Satchfield, G. A. Mahoney, Jr., and Bunky Barner, for three-year terms Page, 1st vice-president, Lawrence Dorothy, 2nd vice-president; Mrs. expiring in 1976; one year term, Miss J. V. Caldwell and Mrs. Clapham William D. Young, secretary, Donald W. Foster, treasurer; Alastair M. Edwards, Mr. Rufus Malone; two year term, Burt Jaeger. The chairman Weir, trustee. of the Board of Advisors is Jack Dempsey of the Capitol Chapter, This summer, Dr. Lyle Stone, archaeologist for the Mackinac State Jackson, and chairman of the Committee on Preservation of Sites is Park Commission, once again conducted a field school for M.A.S. Charles Satchfield, Gulfport. members by integrating them into groups of his other students for two-week sessions. Part of the M.A.S. group worked at Fort Michili­ mackinac and part was located at the Filbert site, which appears to be NEW JERSEY -Dr. Janet S. Pollak reported that the Archeological a 1790-95 English house and saWmill. The Society continues to be very Society of New Jersey has a membership of 310. The Society has two grateful to Dr. Stone for his willingness to continue this project. active chapters representing the northern (Shongum) and central Our Annual Fall Workshop was held October 14th at Monroe, (Unami) portions of the state. under the supervision of our newest chapter, River Raisin Chapter. The Four regular meetings were held during the year. The Annual theme of the all-day session was In Pursuit of the Paleo Hunter, with Meeting in January was held at Rutgers University, the Society's David Brose, Case Western Reserve University; C. Vance Haynes, Southern headquarters in New Brunswick. Two slide-illustrated papers were Methodist University; John Edward Blank, Cleveland State University; presented: Recent Archaeological Investigations in the Maurice River James E. Fitting, Michigan History Division, Michigan Department of Tidewater Area by R. Alan Mounier and The Maurice River Shell Tool State; John Witthoft, University of Pennsylvania; and William N. Irving, Complex by Perry Brett. University of Toronto scheduled to present the program. Hospitality The March meeting was held at Glassboro State College in Glass­ sessions and a visit to the Monroe County Historical Museum were boro and the following papers were presented: Historical Sites Archeol­ included. Attendance was 270. ogy: 1972 by Budd Wilson, archeologist for the Historic Sites Section, Membership in the Society now stands at 697. We look forward to Department of Environmental Protection, State of New Jersey, and An 1974 with anticipation of projects and pUblications, including an index Archaeological Overview of the Oldman-Raccoon Creek Drainage Area to the first 20 volumes of the Michigan Archaeologist. by Charles M. WIlke, Harrison Township Historical Society. Lawrence Aten, representing the National Park Service from Washington, D.C. MISSISSIPPI-Mary G. Neumaier, state secretary, reported that the and Wilfred Husted, representing the National Park Service from Mississippi Archaeological Association has a current membership of Philadelphia, attended this meeting. ____... ____ ~ .. ___L... ____ _.l..L_ I I ____ •__ _

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Seven

The May meeting was held at Kearny Cottage and Perth Amboy assessment of these sites may lead to the formulation of useful High School in Perth Amboy. Dr. Ethel Boissevain of Lehman College problems relating to Archaic settlement patterns and environmental of the City University of New York gave a slide-illustrated talk on adaptations being made by the very mobile social units which seem to her recent visit to Egyptian sites and Anton J. Massopust of Perth be characteristic of that cultural stage. Amboy High School reported on archeological investigations at the Of particular interest is the continuing investigation by Peter Proprietary House in Perth Amboy. Thomas (UMass) of the Squakheag village in Hinsdale. A brief report The October meeting was held at the New Jersey State Museum in on aspects of that study were published in Man In The Northeast Trenton. R. Alan Mounier spoke on the Memorial University of New­ (1973[5) :27-36). His work will comprise a useful comparative study foundland's excavations at the Port au Choix site and Margaret Caesar with work being projf~cted by the Society on the Pennacook fort site of the New Jersey State Museum spoke on the Charles A. Philhower in Concord. exhibit. The Philhower collection is on loan to the State Museum from Efforts by the Society to establish legislation providing for the Rutgers University. position of a state archeologist were unsuccessful, as was an effort by The Society participated once again in the annual meeting of the the State Department of Resources to implement an Office for Historic New Jersey Academy of Science, held in March at Monmouth College. Preservation. These setbacks will have a pronounced effect upon the The morning session was devoted entirely to archeology, and a special Society in any attempts to seek funding for its projects. However, plans session on archeology was held in the afternoon. Herbert C. Kraft of are already afoot to reintroduce the bill with stronger support and Seton Hall University and Dr. John Cotter of the University of more funding. Pennsylvania were the morning speakers. During the past year the Society published an issue of the News NORTH CAROLINA-Joffre Coe reported that the 1973 year of Letter and an issue of the Bulletin. A projectile point handbook is still the Archaeological Society of North Carolina began with a meeting on in preparation. Sunday, April 15. Over 50 men, women, and children, professionals and amateurs, met at the Morrow Mountain State Park Lodge to hear NEW YORK-Louis A. Brennan reported that the enrollment of the an interesting slide program presented by Dr. Joffre Coe, director of New York State Archeological Association this year passed the 1000 the Town Creek Project and of the Research Laboratories of Anthro­ mark for the first time. The enrollment as of October 1 of this year pology at the University of North Carolina. Afterwards, many drove to was 1054, representing 850 memberships. Of the total, 954 are chapter the top of Morrow Mountain for a picnic lunch and the fascination of members, 57 are members at large, and 43 are institutional. The seeing tons of Carolina slate chips left behind by thousands of years of Association now consists of 13 chapters, Mid-Hudson having again prehistoric stonetool makers. An added attraction was having Dr. Coe become active, and two new chapters having been added; they are the describe the culture of the Indians at the restored Town Creek William M. Beauchamp chapter of Syracuse and the Franklin M. Hough Ceremonial Mound near Mount Gilead. chapter of Watertown. The summer meeting with 63 in attendance was held on Saturday, The Association's principal activity is the Annual Meeting. The 57th August 4 at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa. Dr. Harvard Ayers of annual meeting was held in 1973 in Newburgh, April 6-8, with Orange the Sociology and Anthropology Department of Appalachian State County chapter, the largest in the state, as host. The papers delivered University described the activities of the 1973 Archaeological Field at the three general sessions were as follows: School on the Watauga River. Dr. Ayers told of the complications Early and Middle Woodland Occupation at Schuyler Flats, R. created by a mixture of historic and prehistoric artifacts on the same Arthur Johnson; Where is Otsiningo? Preliminary Report of the Com­ site. Dr. Joffre Coe gave a fascinating account of the seven-year history fort Site Excavations, Dolores Elliott; Where They Have Trod: Archae­ of excavations at the Warren Wilson College on the Swannanoa River. ology on the West Point Parade Ground, Donald F. Clarke; Evidence Trawick Ward, 1973 field supervisor of the site, presented a slide for Continuity in the Prehistoric Iroquois of Jefferson County, New program showing the pole arrangement of houses and the super­ York, Earl R. Sidler; The Late Woddland Period in the Upper Delaware imposition of houses and stockade walls at the Warren Wilson site. Valley, New Jersey and its Relationship to New York State, Herbert C. Following lunch, this site was visited by the group. Kraft; Prehistoric Iroquois Population Shifts, Marian E. White; The Old The fall meeting was hosted by the Unifour Archaeological Society Fort Site: A Preliminary Analysis of a Multi-Component Archaic at the Western Piedmont Community College in Morganton on Occupation near Walkill, New York, Leonard Eisenberg; In the Foot­ Saturday, October 27. Seventy-five people attended a most interesting steps of the Vikings, Edward Lenik; Bear Swamp II: A Late Archaic meeting. Dr. Robert Stephenson of the University of South Carolina Campsite in Southeastern Massachusetts, Carol Barnes; A War of 1812 gave a challenging slide presentation showing the importance of the Redoubt near Plattsburgh, New York, Mark Cohen; The Pottery of the sincere, conscientious amateur to the professional archaeologist and to Piping Rock Site, Louis A. Brennan; A New Look at Pits, Marilyn the future of archaeology. Dr. H. G. Jones, director of the North Stewart; Arrowhead Casino: An Archaic Site at Saratoga Lake, New Carolina Department of Archives and History, explained the necessity York, James Walsh; The Dutch and Their Pipes, John McCashion; The for strong and urgent state action in the field of archaeology before Sugar Loaf Mastodon, Elizabeth Dumont. many sites are lost forever to industrial progress. He challenged the The dinner address was delivered by Dr. Maurice Robbins, president Society to do what it could to support and encourage archaeological of the Eastern States Archeological Federation, on the topic Cere­ activities of the state. monial Burials in the Northeast. The Monocacy site, Frederick County, Maryland, was the subject of On the afternoon of April 8 many of those who attended the a presentation by Dr. Harvard Ayers. It was a fascinating story, conference visited Dutchess Quarry cave from which had been re­ emphasized with slides, from site discovery to the discovery of Archaic covered, in 1966, a Cumberland fluted point and a caribou bone C-14 artifacts. It was an excellent lesson in the necessity for professional dated at 12,570 years. analysis in determining the archaeological significance of field dis­ A mid-year meeting of the executive committee was held on coveries. October 20 in Binghampton. Phil Perkinson from Raleigh announced a new project of the Three numbers of the Bulletin, 55-57, totalling 88 pages, were Society, a North Carolina Paleo-Indian fluted point survey. He issued. The fifth annual NYSAA Informational Directory was compiled described the different types of fluted points and how they could be and distributed by Secretary William Ehlers. Chenango chapter con­ idlmtified, announced the formation of an examining committee, and tinued to publish its journal of research papers. emphasized that the results of the survey could provide important and Charles Pierce was re-elected president for 1973-74, Elizabeth heretofore unknown data on the earliest inhabitants of North Carolina. Dumont was elected vice-president, William Ehlers, secretary, and A no-sale, no-trade exhibit of artifacts was held and some excellent Thomas Fuller, treasurer. L. A. Brennan continues as ESAF representa­ material was on display, including several outstanding fluted points. tive. The meeting ended with an election of officers for 1974. Charles Carey of Morganton was re-elected president for the second year, along NEW HAMPSHIRE-Howard Sargent reported that membership in with C. R. Harwood of Asheville, vice-president; Phil Perkinson, the New Hampsire Society, Inc. has declined to 130 members, and the Raleigh, secretary; and Larry Clark, Morganton, editor for the second two chapters have been temporarily discontinued. The Society officers year. Ernest Martin of Statesville and Tucker Littleton of Swansboro arc seeking ways of expanding programs and increasing membership, were elected as new members of the Executive Board. matters which will be high on the agenda for the Annual Meeting Volumes XXI and XXII of the Southern Indian Studies were issued which is scheduled for October 20. during the year. One more volume will be forthcoming and will include Publications have consisted of one Bulletin and several Newsletters. an initial report of the North Carolina fluted point survey. Field activity was minimal during the past season. Paul Holmes conducted field investigations in the Newton (NH) area on sites OHIO-Martha Potter Otto reported that Section I (Anthropology) situated along what he regards as the shoreline of a Pleistocene lake of the Ohio Academy of Science met during the Academy's Annual (Lake Plaistow). Belknap College conducted a three-month field season Meeting in April 1973, but did not carry out any other organized excavating sites in the Lake Winnepasaukee region, on Lake Sunapee, activities. However, various members were quite busy with field work. and at various sites in the Merrimack River valley. Several of the sites Ohio Historical Society: Members of the Division of Archaeology represent small campsites which produce Late Archaic quartz tools. An staff were involved in several field projects. Raymond S. Baby, curator, ...... _ ...... __.. ~ __-'- ____....I.I..J..I ___.

Page Eight BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974

continued his long-range studies at the Seip Earthworks complex and Peter Ramsden of the University of Toronto, and Dr. William Noble of Mound City Group National Monument, both in Ross County. In each McMaster University. We are looking forward to hearing from all of instance, he discovered Hopewellian house patterns; but while the them. structures at Mound City were charnel houses, the post hole pattern at Our pUblications programme was very productive this year with Seip apparently represented a craft house. Ontario Archaeology nos. 17, 18,19, and 20 sent out by the end of Martha Potter Otto, associate curator, directed an excavation to September and no. 21 promised by the end of December. Arch Notes, salvage a site threatened by gravel operations. With a volunteer crew of a monthly newsletter, took on a new look and a new theme early in high school students and local amateur archaeologists, she discovered a 1973 with the addition of book reviews and short research articles of 5 number of incomplete burials, several of which had been disturbed or 6 pages. either historically or prehistorically. Artifacts from the site indicate the Our membership is still unchanged from the last report of 340 to 350. presence of Archaic and Adena components. We did, however, present a charter to the Ottawa Chapter in May . Bert C. Drennen, assistant curator, and a small crew worked in the Alum Creek Reservoir Area, Delaware County. They encountered the PENNSYLVANIA~Vivien Marshall reported that the highlight of post mold pattern of an Early Adena house that had not been covered the 1972-73 year for the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology was the with a mound, and the pattern of a second structure that may have Annual State Meeting which was held in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on been a summer shelter since it did not have solid walls. The group also April 27-28, 1973. The Executive Committee meeting convened at the investigated a mound beneath which were five empty pits. These Penn Harris Motor Inn on Friday evening with President Elinor Fehr features may very well have been temporary graves from which the directing the proceedings of this, the 44th Annual Meeting. Following bodies were later exhumed and possibly cremated. the report.s of the officers and committee chairmen, an election was University of Toledo: David M. Stothers and members of the held to choose a new editor for the Pennsylvania Archaeologist; Dr. Toledo Area Aboriginal Research Club, Inc., 'surveyed the north shore Ronald Michael, director of the Center for Prehistoric and Historic Site of the Maumee River, discovering 18 sites, most of which are Archaic. Archaeology, California State College, California, Pennsylvania, was During the spring, summer, and early fall, an Early Woodland camp, a elected to this office. He is also a member of the newest chapter in the Palaeo-Indian site, a Middle Woodland site, and a Middle to Late Society, Mon-Yough Chapter #3. Woodland. mound were examined. Stothers, Dr. James Metress, and The Executive Committee voted to back Southeastern Chapter # 2's members of the T.A.A.R.C. traveled by boat to the islands off the efforts to combat "pot-holers" using a name so similar to their's as to Lake Erie shore in November, locating five sites of the late Middle cause much discredit to Southeastern Chapter (and the Society for Woodland to early Late Woodland period. Many of these projects have Pennsylvania Archaeology) and, if necessary, to resort to legal action. been reported in greater detail in the T.A.A.R.C.'s Bulletin. The General Business sessions were conducted at the William Penn An Academic Affairs grant from the University of Toledo to Memorial Museum. The election of officers was held and the following Stothers paid for the processing of 23 radiocarbon samples that persons were chosen: Dr. Barry Kent, president; Richard 1. George, provided a chronology for the western Lake Erie Basin from 500 ·B.C. flrst vice-president; Elmer Erb, second vice-president; Vivien Marshall, to A.D. 1400. secretary; Ray Washlaski, treasurer; Peggy Fields and Vera Jane Huff­ Metress and Thor Conway have completed a book, Outline of man, directors. Human Osteology for Archaeologists. They are also working on The members were reminded that the 45th Annual State Meeting analyses of skeletal materials from northwestern Ohio. Metress and C. will be held at the Holiday Inn located at the Beaver Falls Exit of the Loring Brace edited a text in physical anthropology entitled Man in Pennsylvania Turnpike, hosted by the Amockwi Chapter # 17. The Evolutionary Perspective. meeting place is located in the western part of Pennsylvania in Beaver Dayton Museum of Natural History: Jay Heilman, curator of County. The dates for this meeting are April 26, 27, and 28, 1974. anthropology, continued the excavation at Incinerator site (33-My-57) Detailed reports of the two preceeding meetings will be in the and worked primarily in the south end of the village. It appears that Archeological Newsletter edited by Dr. Don Dragoo. the village is a stockaded structure about 400 feet in diameter. The Ira Smith III and Vance Packard chaired concurrent morning houses are placed immediately inside the stockade and probably faced sessions I and II, during which the following papers were given: out onto the central plaza which probably had a structure in the center Session I: Excavations at the Griswold Site (36 Er 62) by William of it. Between the plaza and the houses existed a ring of trash pits and Engelbrecht; A Late Prehistoric Farming Village in the Monongahela burials. The trash pits are generally closer to the houses and the burials Valley : Campbell Farm Site by William Johnson; Earthrings and Other are usually peripheral to the plaza. Burials also occurred within the Late Woodland Sites in Crawford County by Carl K. Burkett, Jr.; and house floors, usually within the wall foundations. The pottery from the Salvage Excavations at a Monongahela Village in Western Maryland by site is predominately grit tempered (92.4%), although mica (5.0%) and Tyler Bastian. shell (2.5%) also occur. Session II: Archaeology in the Maurice River Tidewater Area of Southern New Jersey by R. Alan Mounier; A Chronological Study of ONTARIO-John Reid reported the following activities for the Late Woodland Occupations at the Faucett Site by Roger W. Moeller; Ontario Archaeological Society, Inc.: Computer Methods and Archaeology: Postmold Analysis, Faucett 1972 January, 1973 - Miss M. Boyko spoke on The Fossil Pollen Record by R. G. Handsman and Early to Middle Woodland Complexes: of European and Indian Man in Southern Ontario. Adaption and Settlement by W. Fred Kinsey. February, 1973 - Miss G. Shepherd: Journey through Time: A Afternoon sessions were chaired by Barry C. Kent and Edward Profile of Persia. Hinderliter. Session III consisted of: The Multi-component Wadding March, 1973 - Mr. M. Yarborough: Archaeological Fieldwork on the Rock Shelter in Armstrong County by Richard 1. George; Using Alaska Peninsula 1971. Photography Effectively in Archaeology by Robert LaBar; Peter Colley April, 1973 - Mr. G. Ferri and Mr. K. Wagar: The Austin Reesor Tavern : A Wagon Stop by Ronald 1. Michael; and The Caleb Pusey Site - A Learning Experience. . House at Landingford on Chester Creek in Upland, Pennsylvania by May, 1973 - Prof. J. M. Emerson: Intuitive Archaeology: A Psychic Josephine F. Albrecht. Approach. Session IV: Research at the Taylor Burying Ground Site by June, 1973 - There was no monthly meeting held in June. Instead Marshall J. Becker; Excavations by the Pennsylvania Historical and we held a "Spring Dig" at the Draper site (approx. 1450) in Pickering, Museum Commission at Valley Forge by Vance Packard; Buttons of Ontario. This site, along with the White site (approx. 1450), was the Hanna's Town by Jacob Grimm; and Research and Reconstruction of a object of a large salvage project which is in its second summer. The Nineteenth Century Log Slide by David Kohler. field director on the project was Brian Hayden, who is also co­ Following the dinner, held at the Motor Inn, the recipients of the ordinating the analysis of the materials excavated. Also during June, Society's honor awards were announced by Jacob Grimm, in the Mrs. M. Kapches directed a salvage project at the Riseborough site absence of Phil Walters, chairman of the Awards Committee. The (approx. 1450) in the Metropolitan Toronto area. recipient of the J. Aldon Mason Award was Dr. James 1. Swauger. The In July, Dr. H. Savage, Society president, reeeived a grant to salvage Archey Awards were reeeived by Dr. Paul Stewart (of the Paul R. the Cherry Hill site (approx. 1807-1925) in Mississauga, Ontario. The Stewart Chapter # 19), Edward Hinderliter (of the Southeastern house was moved from the site by the contractors and middens were Chapter # 2), and John Pharr, Jr. (of the Allegheny Chapter # 1). excavated by O.A.S. members under the direction of Mr. Gary The speaker for the evening was James 1. Swauger, associate Crawford. The Pickering and Mississauga projects were assisted by the director at Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He screened field schools of all three campuses of the University of Toronto, and slides and spoke on, Ashod and Recent Philistine Research. ran until mid-August. Because of a misunderstanding, the office of editor of the September, 1973 saw the start of a new season with a film on Pennsylvania Archaeologist was not fllled until the April 1973 State excavating techniques and a discussion on field methods to prepare Meeting. P. Schuyler Miller ' was appointed to see that the issue, members for "Fall Dig" which was held on Sept. 29 and 30 on the Volume 42, number 4, was compiled and printed. Its publication has Draper site. been held up pending the completion of a 10-year cumulative index The line-up of tentative speakers for October, November, and covering volumes 33 to 42 to be included in this issue. The new editor, December are · Dr. Walter Kenyon of the Royal Ontario Museum, Mr. Dr. Michael, will then be responsible for Volume 43 and forward. I I

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Nine

Information concerning publication of articles can be obtained by Issue number 4 of the Anthropological Series of the Pennsylvania writing Dr. Ronald L. Michael, Director, Center for Prehistoric and Historical and Museum Commission, entitled, "A Delaware Indian Historic Site Archaeology, California State College, California, Symposium" was published this year. The Commission has carried on Pennsylvania 15419. The fust issue of Volume 43 should be out by extensive work. Ira Smith Ill, is into his third of a continuing five-year early fall . study and survey of the West Branch valley. This year's work was on The membership receives the following pUblications: The three Clemsons Island sites. Barry Kent was working at a stratified Pennsylvania Archaeologist, Archaeological Newsletter, and the ESAF. Archaic site on Piney Island in the lower Susquehanna valley. Vance Bulletin. Packard was at the Valley Forge excavations. At the Museum, proper, The Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology does not sponsor any the Anthropological GaUery is nearing completion, at which time it will archeological excavations so the individual chapters carry them out be opened to the public. where possible. There are 20 chapters in the SPA and its membership The Anthropological Center (Section of Man) of the Carnegie numbers 890 at the present time. Museum, located in Meridan, had five salvage excavations underway Chapter Briefs: Allegheny Chapter # 1 reports that the following this year. Two, with Stan Lantz in charge, were in Warren and Erie members are in the field: Ed Dlutowski is at 36 Bt 43; Ms. Verna counties. Richard George worked on two sites in Armstrong and Cowin is continuing the work at Murphy's Bottom; John Pharr, Jr. is Somerset counties. Dr. Don Dragoo is at the late-starting (because of still working at Perryopolis; Ms. Peggy Fields (and a number of others having to wait until the water is lowered) dig in the Kinzua valley. from this chapter) are at the historic "Hannastown" site; Ray Washlaski (although not living in the Pittsburgh area at the present RHODE ISLAND-Edward D. Cook of the Narragansett Archae­ time) is working with a group of Junior Historians in the Lancaster ological Society of Rhode Island reported that after three seasons of area; William Johnson directed a field school at California State College digging at the Wilcox Brook site at the juncture of this seasonal stream during the summer of 1972. with Flat River in the town of Coventry, Kent County, the site was This past year, Southeastern Chapter # 2 has had most of their closed on Saturday, September 22, 1973. A group of dedicated activities centered on involvement of school and college age children in members dug regularly from June to September on Saturdays while their chapter. Excavations are reported at the Kiln site (Brandywine some members were also able to continue excavations during the Battlefield Park), in the Cheltenham area, in Collegeville, and in middle of the week. As the summer progressed it became increasingly Philadelphia in the area east of the Head House Market and at the site clear that the peripheral area of culture at the Wilcox Brook site was of the Walnut Street Prison. This chapter held a seminar at the being worked. Dr. William S. Fowler, research director, notes that the University of Pennsylvania. heaviest cultural evidence was of the Early and Late Archaic, but with The newest chapter in the SPA, Mon-Yough Chapter # 3, reports a some evidence of occupation by ceramic Woodland cultures as well. very active first year: excavations at 36 Fa 7; Armory site; a Artifact type has been more important than stratigraphy in evaluating Monongahela site; field surveying and new site recording and interesting the cultures at this site. The stratigraphy in many areas has been and informative trips to Flint Ridge, Ohio, the Paul R. Stewart disturbed, although we have been unable to find evidence that the area Museum, Waynesburg, the Newark Earthworks, Ohio, and the Green has been cultivated during historical times. Mr. Harry Chace assisted County Historical Museum. Dr. Fowler at the digging sessions. Work on a rock shelter has involved the interests of members of the As long as the weather is favorable for field activity, members will Susquehannoch Chapter # 10. explore and test other undeveloped areas along Flat River which the From the Frances Dorrance Chapter # 11 secretary, Carol-Ann Narragansett Archaeological Society of Rhode Island has had per­ Sad-Lucki, comes this information. The excavations at 36 Lu 29 were mission to utilize for archaeological study. It is hoped that a site will started. The chapter members suffered severe losses from the devas­ be found for excavation and study before next spring. tating 1972 hurricane, Agnes. It took quite a while before they could Dr. William S. Simmons of the Department of Anthropology, get straightened around to having meetings again. With sorrow, they University of California at Berkley, will be our guest speaker at the report the death of Miss Prances Dorrance (January 6, 1973), their annual dinner meeting which will be held the early part of November. beloved pioneer member, whose ardent, life-long dedication to Meetings are held monthly during the winter and spring on the evening archeology will always serve our Society as a great source of inspira­ of the second Tuesday. The June and September meetings as well as tion. the annual October meeting are held at the current field site on the Work continues on Zimmerman site reports the Lanape Chapter #12. second Saturday of the month. Forks of the Delaware Chapter #14 is working at the dig at Martins Creek with quite a number of their members also working on private SOUTH CAROLINA-James 1. Michie, Archeological Society of digs. They held a fund-raising Archeological Exhibit in 1972-open to South Carolina, reported that membership within the Society has the pUblic-and it was so successful they plan to hold one in 1973. grown this year to the present figure of l52 members in contrast to Connomoch Chapter #16: work has concentrated mainly on the last year's count of 119. This increase is believed to be due to last Hagarity site with most of the members participating. year's initiation of a monthly newsletter, Features and Profiles, that Demanding the attention of the Amockwi Chapter #17's members servl!S as a medium of communication, and the change in format of the is the planning and work involved in the Chapter's hosting the Annual semi-annual pUblication, South Carolina Antiquities, which publishes Meeting of the Society for Pennsylvania Archeology set for April contributed papers concerning the archeology of the state and related 26-27, and 28, 1974, at the Holiday Inn, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. areas. In addition to the Society's own promotion, the Institute of Chapter members continue to excavate at 36 Bv 9. Archeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, has Kinzua Chapter #18 reports : Jim Herbstritt excavated and then played an important role by publishing news of the Society in their wrote up the Split Rock Shelter; Stan Lantz, under the auspices of the monthly publication, The Notebook. Seneca Nation and with the aid of Indian students, excavated the During the early months of the year, Sammy Lee and Robert Parler Vanetta site at Salamanca, located within the boundaries of the Seneca of Orangeburg initiated an excavation on the property of Cal Smoak, Indian reservation. They honored Stan by accepting him into the tribe near the town of Branchville. The site, which is multicomponent and in the Beaver Can. His Indian name is "Big River." has demonstrated an occupational depth of 36 inches, has produced a A busy year was reported by the Paul R. Stewart Chapter #19. Mr. sequence of projectile points and tools that range from about 8,000 B. C. and Mrs. James Hennen are in charge of the dig at the R. T. Foley site until as recent as A. D. 600. This site demonstrates that the lower 36' Gr 52. Jim Randolph, Bob Carnein, Bertram Waychoff, Melvi~ Coastal Plain varies archeologically in respect to the Fall Line and Houstin, Vince and Marilyn LaRicca, and some students at Waynesburg Piedmont regions of the state. The material is presently undergoing College worked there. The Meadows mound, 36 Wh 276 (note site phases of cataloging and analysis, and will be published in the near number), was completed by Ron Eisert, Randolph and Carl Maurer, future. and Eisert has written it up. Randolph and Eisert did a small campsite The excavations brought about considerable interest within the above a rock shelter and Ron is doing a study of flint outcrop pings in Society and many members participated in the activities, which served the Chartiers valley. to further the appreciation of scientific archeology. It should be Eleven more new sites were recorded this year by the Somerset mentioned that Dr. Robert 1. Stephenson, director of the Institute of County Archeology Society Chapter #20. Work done: an historic dig at Archeology and Anthropology, with the University of South Carolina, an old homestead on the old Forges Road, research on all the old presented Sammy with the distinguished annual award of Archeologist potteries in the county, salvage excavations of an Archaic site to be of the Year, for the competence displayed during the project. destroyed by coal stripping, check out sites along the route of a new Lately, interest has been aroused in excavating portions of a four-lane highway (they plan to excavate one of them). One member, newly-found site, presently under cultivation. The Society plans to Bob Mognet, has photographed and recorded all the covered bridges in begin work on the area, located a few miles south of Columbia. The Somerset County and is continuing his project to include log structures site is large covering an extent of some 40 acres and is characterized by and iron manufacturing sites. Youth Member, Richard Sturtz and • small clusters of occupations ranging from Clovis to remains of historic committee are having the 1876 Atlas of Sumerset County reproduced settlements. One such cluster has produced a number of early tools and for sale. The chapter is also investigating many rock shelters and they a few. Clovis-like projectile points. Another area, about 200 feet away, plan to excavate several of them. con tams a well-defined cluster of Dalton points and related tools. The ._ .• _.__ _ _ ~ ___L..______..... I_'_ I ______,

Page Ten BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974 site, unfortunately, falls within line of a proposed highway and Urban renewal archeology, City of Hampton- tentative centerline markers have been placed through the centers of Deep Bottom site, Henrico County-Summer School, Va. Common­ both early sites. In an attempt to salvage the area, the Society is wealth University. setting forth a proposal to initiate excavations before the inevitable A study was initiated of a series of Indian pictographs on Paint destruction. Hopefully salvage work will begin shortly. Lick Mountain, Tazewell County. Members of the Society, headed by In general the Society has grown and experienced more interest in Mr. 1. Dale Collins of Pembroke, are seeking out and recording all the archeology, both in the field and in attendance of meetings, and has paintings they can find and seeking ways to date them. The project updated communications and improved the quality of pUblications. (Operation Pictograph) is co-sponsored with the Virginia State Library and the Science Museum of Virginia. TENNESSEE-William M. Bass reported that the past year in the The Society held its Annual Dinner and Business Meeting in Tennessee Archaeological Society . saw a change of editors and Richmond on October 6, 1973. The feature speaker for the occasion secretary-treasurer from Dr. Alfred Guthe to Dr. William M. Bass. New was Mr. Herbert 1. Kraft of Seton Hall University, New Jersey, who address for the Tennessee Archaeological Society is 252 South Stadium reported on the Plenge site and its place in eastern Paleo-Indian studies. Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Attendance at the meeting was 134 persons. At the meeting, Dr. Ben During the past year we had the following membership: 484 C. McCary was elected to Honorary Membership in partial recognition Annual, 60 Family, 14 Junior, 95 Institutional, and 47 Contributing. of his more than 25 years of service to the Society and to Virginia There are 12 chapters. The Society published two Miscellaneous archeology. At the meeting, the Society adopted the ESAF resolution: Papers: Number 11, Salvage Archaeology at 40 Fr 47 and Number 12, Curbing Commercialization of Antiquities. Excavation of the Higgs and Doughty Sites 1-75 Salvage Archaeology. Four issues of the Quarterly Bulletin were published with a total of In addition we are making an attempt to bring the publications of the 240 pages, comprising Volume 27 of the series. Also published were Tennessee Archaeologist up to date, and by 1974 the journals will be two Special PUblications. Number 3 was a Virginia Handbook for appearing at their regularly scheduled time. American Archeology, and Number 4 was the Index to Volumes 21 to . The representative from the Tennessee Archaeological Society for 25 of the Quarterly Bulletin. 1973 is Mr. Jim Polhemus. The Society continued its efforts to establish in Virginia a modern Alfred K. Guthe, Frank H. McClung Museum, University of state museum; some progress was made. Tennessee reported that excavations in the Tellico Reservoir area were Work planned for 1974 will follow the same patterns set in 1973 continued by the University of Tennessee during 1973. Four crews and in previous years. were in the field. A second season (12 weeks) was put in at the Thirty Acre Island WEST VIRGINIA-Daniel B. Fowler reported that the West Vrrginia site (40Mr40) with direct field supervision by Dr. Gerald F. Schroedl. Archeological Society presently has three active chapters with the Two additional 18 by 30-foot blocks were opened. Several interesting addition of a newly-organized chapter in the Bluefield, West Virginia­ layers of fire-cracked rock and associated features were encountered. Virginia area. The latest chapter is also affiliated with the Virginia Each layer may represent an occupation surface. Woodland material Archeological Society and has been named the Appalachian Highlands dominated the recovered sample. Chapter. A site survey committee has been active, and has already A full-scale excavation of the Tellico Block House (40Mr50) was located several previously unreported rock shelters and village sites in undertaken to determine the limits of this 1794-1807 trading and this important area of the state. military post. Rock foundations, the parade ground, and a palisade The Kanawha Valley Chapter has continued its salvage efforts at the were located. Richard R. Polhemus served as field supervisor. Hansford site. Items recovered include projectile points, sandstone After a disappointing two weeks on a possible Woodland site bowls, copper bracelets, choppers, and axes, in addition to several (40Mr46), a third field crew moved to Rose Island (40Mr44), another charcoal samples. Woodland site. In addition to a Woodland sample, a buried occupation The Upper Monongahela Chapter has continued its search for early level containing LeCroy and Palmer projectile points was located. potteries in the area. The Chapter has met regularly with speakers Charcoal from this level have been submitted for dating. Jefferson familiarizing members with archeological sites and studies in neigh­ Chapman was field supervisor. boring states. The fourth crew continued the investigation of 18th century The Society submitted a charcoal sample to the Geochronology Cherokee villages. A few weeks were spent finishing up an area on the Laboratory of the University of Georgia. The sample was recovered in site of Chota. The crew, consisting of several Cherokee, then moved to 1969 from the Amos Power Plant site in a level which contained the probable site of Tomotley where structures, burials, and features serrated, corner-notched points which have been dubbed Amos Points. have been recorded. J. Worth Greene is the field supervisor. The date determined for the sample was 5800 ± 135 B. C. Plans are Funds. permitting these excavations were obtained from the underway to submit an additional sample for further verification of this National Park Service and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Dr. Alfred date. K. Guthe is principal investigator. The Irrst three crews worked for 12 weeks each and consisted of students who were paid as laborers. Mrs. Moira Wright, a second-year graduate student in anthropology, will begin a multivariant analysis of human skeletal material recovered during the Tellico Project. She will seek to define specific character­ ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS - 1973 istics of Dallas and Cherokee populations.

THE WILliAMSON SITE: A PROGRESS REPORT VIRGINIA-M. D. Kerby reported that the Archeological Society of Virginia had 1355 individual members and 110 subscribers, for a total ON THE EXCAVATION membership of 1465, with 19 active chapters organized. Each chapter met and held a variety of programs and activities. Field work was conducted by the following chapters and individuals: BEN C. McCARY Tate-Newberry site, Bland County-Mr. E. E. Jones, Jr. Williamson site, Dinwiddie County-Dr. Ben C. McCary A Paleo-Indian site was discovered on the Williamson farm located Jamestown Plaza site, Roanoke-Roanoke Area Chapter about 4Yz .miles east of Dinwiddie, Virginia, during the summer of Arrington site, Abingdon-Wolf Hills Chapter 1949. The site covers about 55 acres of the cultivated land, and an Holston pottery kiln, Washington County-Wolf Hills Chapter undetermined number of acres of woodland. Gilbert site, Tazewell CountY-Appalachian Highlands Chapter It seems rather well established now that the chert used by the The following projects were conducted as Society projects, co- . Paleo-Indians was obtained on the slopes lying on both sides of Little operating with the Virginia State Library: Cattail Creek which runs along the northern border of the Williamson The Fout site, Frederick CountY-Indian, Highway salvage farm. The DeShazo site, King George County-Indian, Gravel pit salvage Certain parts of the site have high concentrations or "hot spots" of The Fort Witten site, Tazewell County-Indian, Highway salvage cores, flakes, fluted points, end scrapers, and side scrapers. During The Crab Qrchard site, Tazewell County -Indian, Land-levelling more than two decades of surface work, it has produced at least 150 salvage and possible 175 fluted points, approximately 800 to 1000 end Gathright Dam sites, Bath County-Indian, Corps of Engrs. Dam scrapers, 600 to 800 side scrapers, and other tools in smaller numbers Members of the Society assisted other agencies in excavation including knives, awls, gravers, spokeshaves, choppers, wedges, drills, projects and studies, as follows: . hammerstones, and probably abraders and anvils. Thunderbird Paleo-Indian sites, Warren County-Catholic University Joe Benthall and Ben McCary began an excavation on the farm in Kingsmill sites, James City County-Va. Hist. Landmarks . • March 1972, and continued it until late fall. Bad weather plagued them Flowerdew Hundred site, Prince George County-College of Wm. & to such an extent that only one 10-foot square and approximately Mary three-fourths of another were completed. "_" ___ .___ 1. ___.l..- ______! .J.. ______1

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Eleven

McCary continued the work in 1973, and, with good weather on interpret the burial patterns by carefully observing burial depths and the weekends and volunteer help, he has been able to extend the their relationship of one to the other. First, we can vaguely see the total excavation to six squares completed and several others in the same pattern that Hawkes and Linton had noticed. They felt that these process of being opened_ features were in rows and the closest group to the supposed central fire The four natural zones or strata that Benthall and McCary found was of greatest importance. The Savich Farm site cemetery had a large in the first square continue to show up in the five additional squares. refuse pit of the same size but the richest caches are not necessarily The first two zones, consisting of the plow zone, and a narrow zone of next to this pit. The second method of interpretation is the use of the dark gray sandy loam, extend to a depth of approximately 1.0 to 1.1 multiple of 2 in burying; in other words, usually 2 or 4 containers foot. The third zone is about 1 foot in depth and seems to be the buried near each other at the same depth-probably taking place at the undisturbed Paleo-Indian stratum. The fourth zone consists of a same ceremony. yellowish-red firm, coarse, clayey arkosic sand which has not yielded Another highlight was orientation of a north-south axis in the any artifacts. Two upthrusts of red arkosic soil of Zone 4, found rather graves both in the deposits of incinerated bone and grave furniture. high in Zone 3, might represent the results of tree-throws. The most rigid in orientation was the alignment of the drilled hole in Artifacts are scattered through the first three zones, but the third the atlatl weights and the alignment of the Savannah River Tradition zone has produced by far the largest concentration. There is also style of points called the Koens-Crispin type. The 20 atlatl weights, definite clUstering of flakes and other chert artifacts in various depths along with many points and other tools added up to 17 caches which of the third zone. was very similar to the Koens-Crispin site of 21 atlatl weights and 17 The artifacts recovered to date from Zone 3 consist of several caches. The multiple of 2 was used extensively at both site cemeteries. thousand flakes, twelve cores, three quartzite pebble hammerstones, The fact that at both sites .the grave furniture consisted of mint five utilized flakes, one end scraper, one blade, three side scrapers, one condition tools, used tools, and discarded or broken artifacts points broken preform, one crude fluted point, and probably one anvil. out that they were not completely wasteful and there would seem to Unfortunately we have not found any recognizeable hearths, but be an implication that definite roles show up in grave furniture several charcoal samples have been collected from Zone 2, and only selection. Several graves at both sites had nothing but pairs of fossil two small samples from Zone 3. No radiocarbon dates have yet been shell casts buried with the deposits. No comment. Over half of the obtained. deposited remains had no associated artifacts but there were minute The Paleo-Indians at the Williamson site very definitely preferred amounts of red ocher with these graves. cherty material. In the six completed 10-foot squares less than a half The 7 years of work on the Savich Farm site could not have been dozen quartzite flakes have been recovered. possible without John Witthoft of University of Pennsylvania, Ron No trace of bone has been found in the excavation. Furthermore, it Thomas, state archeologist of De.1aware, a number of societies and has not been clearly established that charred nutshell fragments are many friends, and, of course, the wonderful Savich family who allowed present in the charcoal samples collected in Zone 3 from the second us to excavate on their land, thus adding a tremendous contribution to square excavated. A highly trained botanist recently examined the the archeology of this region. samples under high magnification and found no evidence of charred nutshell fragments. Further examinations will be made. The few finds which possibly suggest that the lithic materials were heated to improve the flaking quality have been several brown or red THE DEEPLY STRATIFIED BYRAM SITE flakes showing pot-lid fractures. The continuing excavation might yield AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ARCHAEOLOGY more evidence of thermal alterations. ELMER T. ERB

The Byram site was discovered in 1966 and exploratory excavations PRELIMINARY REPORT OF AN ANALYSIS OF THE started the same year and continued yearly. SAVICH FARM SITE CREMATIONS The depth of occupation continues to the 13-foot level, ranging from the early Late Woodland to the Late Archaic period. Due to' this extreme depth, it has less intrusive disturbance from the later occu­ DOUGLAS A. UBELAKER pants and, with its high productivity of material, it is one of the best comparative sites in the East. Some of the levels are well separated An analysis is currently being conducted on the human skeletal with diagnostic material while other levels have mixed components. remains recovered from the Savich Farm site cremations. The analysis These mixed levels produce both named and un-named types of attempts to determine the number of individuals and skeletal parts diagnostic material, therefore placing the un-named material in a represented, the sex, age at death, the degree of flesh decomposition at known time period and a time sequence. the time of cremation, and the temperature of the cremation fire. Data The site has produced a restorable Marcey Creek type pot (without on the fire temperature results from a microscopic analysis of the bone lugs), with other types of pottery which appear to be slightly earlier. fragments. From the evidence obtained, this early pottery is associated with the Orient Fishtail phase which appears to cover several cultural and time periods, with diagnostic differences during each phase. The earliest phase is associated with the stone bowl and mayor may not be associated with the ceramic industry. SEVERAL HIGHLIGHTS OF THE There is a definite break between the earliest Orient phase and the SAVICH FARM CEMETERY Broad Point tradition. There is also a definite break between the Broad Point tradition and tht: true Koens-Crispin point, throwing more light on Kraft's discoveries at the Miller Field site. R.A.REGENSBURG The now-named Fox Creek and Lagoon points were first discovered at the site in the early stages of the excavations and coincide with The Savich Farm site is located approximately 15 miles due east of Rkhie and Funk's findings. The Fish-Spear mentioned by Dorothy Cross Philadelphia along a tributary of the southwest branch of the Rancocas and others is placed in a definite time period for the first time, and the Creek. The site is 4 miles from the famous Koens-Crispin site excavated slight variances of this point which precede it and coincide with by Hawkes and Linton in 1915 and later by the New Jersey State Kirlsey's findings at the Faucett site and in the upper Delaware. Besides Museum in the 1930's. The two sites are on the Rancocas drainage these well-known tYPI~s of points Byram has produced coexisting system. un-named types. The excavation of 22,675 square feet has revealed over 300 features The site is producing good evidence of the Piedmont-Laurentian of primarily two time periods: Terminal Archaic with C-14 dates of migration theory now being projected. The Byram site is proving, 1796 ±59 (P-I779), 1690 ±67 (P-1780), 1981 ±65 (P-1784); Late without a shadow of doubt, that local lithic materials, argillite, were Woodland with C-14 dates of 1325 ±33 (P-I777) and 1325 ±48 used throughout the total time span, with an occasional preference for (P-1779). The tests were run by University of PennsylVania using a the silicious material. half-life of 5730. Is it possible that a closer examination of the point types made The center of interest in the Terminal Archaic period is the from one type of lithic material, with the variances when made from cemetery having 52 redeposited cremated remains in 39 graves along another material, using the same manufacturing technique and with the with grave furniture of atlatl weights, points, adzes, axes, whetstones, quantity of material of each, from the site, that a migration pattern flaking hammers, and even cremated bird bone beads as personal can be established? Evidence is pointing toward this phenomenon at ornaments. Byram by comparison of the work done by Kinsey and Kraft in the The cemetery shows an elaborate but not rigid burial custom during Tocks Island area and Richie and Funk in New York and neighboring this Koens-Crispin Phase of the Terminal Archaic. I have tried to areas. I I

Page Twelve . BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974 l The red seepage layers at Byram are telling a story, but more In terms of identifying the source deposits of artifacts, the rare information must be obtained before proper interpretation can be made. earth elements (atomic numbers 57 through 71) have provided the The site is adding much information on the stratification of these greatest promise. The concentrations measured are normalized by early occupations, thus showing that they must be observed and dividing by the rare earth concentrations found in chondritic studied entirely differently from the later 'Woodland periods. Through' meteorites to eliminate the characteristic even-odd effect of the the courtesy of W. Fred Kinsey of the North Museum of Franklin and abundances. The resulting ratio gives a smooth curve when plotted Marshall College, four carbon dates have been obtained and range from against atomic number with the exception of europium. The slope of 2210 B.C. to A.D. 602, with a date of 1830 B.C. for the Koens-Crispin the curve from the lightest to heaviest rare earth element and the phase. extent of the europium anomaly have each been found to be consistent Besides the archaeological information obtained from Byram, it for a given quarry but different (often very significantly) from other shows the engineering developments introduced to overcome some of quarries. When characterized by this method, artifacts from habitation the problems encountered in this type of excavation and how it is sites in the Shenandoah Valley show strong evidence of having accomplished with a very limited amount of funds. originated in the Piedmont area quarries nearest the most accessible routes through the mountains. Due to the ease with which soapstone could be carved by stone tools, it was quarried quite extensively in aboriginal times for the A RE-EVALUATION OF THE POINTS FROM THE manufacture of such items as bowls, beads, pipes, and effigies which KOENS-CRISPIN SITE were apparently traded over great distances. This project's future work will center on the application of this technique to a wider geographical range of' samples in order to obtain quantitative and distributional FRANCINE WEISS AND DEBORAH ODELL information on the movement of this material between sources on the eastern Piedmont and the Ohio and Mississippi drainage systems­ Several hundred points from the Koens-Crispin site (excavated in information which should prove of vital importance in understanding 1915) near Medford, New Jersey, have been re-examined in an attempt the economic and cultural systems of the prehistoric groups in this to re-evaluate what the term Koens-Crispin point actually means in region. relation to the archeology of the area. A selection of Late Archaic points was subjected to X-ray diffraction in order to characterize and identify their materials. The results have been compared with Dr. F. B. Van Houten's study on the Triassic argillites in New Jersey, INSTRUMENTAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS OF Pennsylvania, and New York to discern if any general areas can be SITE SURVEY AND TESTING IN THE suggested as probable sources of material for these artifacts. Com­ ALLEGHENY AND GENESEE RIVER VALLEYS j parisons have also been made with similar studies on the Savich Farm , site material. These types of analyses represent only the beginning of a more meaningful understanding of the preferences for lithic materials NEAL L. TRUBOWITZ during the Late Archaic period in New Jersey. I In eastern North America heavy vegetation, river sedimentation, and other geological factors often make the detection and testing of I archaeological sites rnore a matter of luck or accident than the result [ X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF SOME OF THE of systematic surveyor scientific instrumental and chemical tech­ i SAVICH FARM POINT MATERIAL nology. In order to fmd better methods of site detection, the Archaeological Survey of the State University of New York at Buffalo has tried various instrumental and chemical means of surveying for MARY ELLEN DIDIER, ET. AI. archaeological sites in highway corridors running through the Genesee and Allegheny river val1eys in New York State. These methods include Archeologists often "identify'; lithic materials on the basis of infrared and black and white aerial photography, phosphate tests, soil superficial observations of weathered surfaces that frequently bear little probing, and magnetometry. None of the techniques or equipment used resemblance to the unweathered inner core of the material. Late has thus far proven to be consistently or predictably effective for the Archaic point materia,l from the Savich Farm site, Marlton, New Jersey, discovery of sites or the delimitation of features within sites. However, was first segregated Into a number of categories on the basis of such further experimentation along the lines discussed in the paper hold attributes as color, texture, and the presence or absence of veination. promise for both the discovery of sites and the delimitation of features Then, standard X·ray diffraction analysis was applied to a number of within sites in eastern North America. The paper deals primarily with specimens from each category. The majority of material has been the theory and results of the techniques rather than detailed instruc­ identified as analcime-rich Lockatong argillite of the Triassic Newark tions of their operation, though technical observations that were made Basin. While the mineralogy of the Savich point material most closely in these particular studies are offered. .. resembles that of the Jacob's Creek outcrop material, the closest A brief description of the geological and vegetational characteristics outcrop source of lithic materials to the Savich Farm not enough of the Allegheny and Genesee river valleys is offered to show that geological or archeological research has been done to conciude that this similar survey problems are posed throughout eastern North America. particular outcrop is the probable source of the Savich material. In the East, topographical conditions and vegetation have frustrated Archeologists must properly characterize and identify their most attempts at using high altitude vertical aerial photographs for the materials. Only then can artifacts between sites be described com­ location of archaeological sites. Sometimes earth rings, mounds, or pared, and evaluated. Subjects such as sources of materials, ~ulture effigy and geometric constructions are visible, but the majority of contact, and trade cannot be approached without such basic analyses. prehistoric sites remain hidden on these photographs. Theoretically, cultural disturbances that pattern the relationships of soil and vegetation wil1 be revealed on infrared film because it will record differential light rllflections from objects as well as detect heat NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF differences between them. Crops growing at different rates or under SOAPSTONE ARTIFACTS varying conditions due to subsurface archaeological alterations will give off different amounts of heat which are translated into distinctive false colors on the film. ' Black and white film is taken in conjunction with ALVIN H. LUCKENBACH the color infrared film as an aid in interpretation. Our photographic night was made in May before leaf buds had opened over portions of J:or .the past ] 8 months, the author has conducted a study of the the Genesee Valley. All photographs were low level oblique angle with applIcatIOn of neutron activation analysis to the location of the pictures taken of various types of known archaeological sites as geological sourccs of prehistoric soapstone artifacts in the eastern controls on the reliability of the technique. The resulting photographs and slides did not show any indication of cultural remains in crop, United States. Under the tcchnical direction of Dr. R. O. Allen of the shadow, or soil marks on the black and white film, nor did any Department of Chemistry and Dr. C. G. Holland of the Department of subsurface patterns appear on the infrared slides. Research indicates Anthropology of the University of Virginia, and through funding from that the interaction between archaeological features, soil, vegetation, both departments, samples from both quarry and habitation sites and infrared mm is highly complex and wilJ require much more flying ranging from Pennsylvania to Georgia have been analyzed. At the at different times of the year in order to determine the effectiveness of present time, the bulk of the material is from Maryland and Virginia the technique. The photographs were also of great aid to the normal and is being used in a study of the inter-relationships of ancient trade ground survey as advance information on the terrain 'to be covered. patterns between the Shenandoah Valley and quarries located in the Phosphate testing is based on the ability of phosphates derived from Piedmont area. excreta, cadavers, refuse, and bone decomposition to resist leaching and ______~. ___ ..L______l...l...______

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Thirteen

provide evidence of anthropic soil development. A shor~ sU!llmary ~f DOCUMENTED SUBDIVISIONS OF THE DELAWARES this rapid and simple survey method and problems III Its use IS presented, followed by a discussion of its application to various sites in our testing program. Initial results have been encouraging overall. WILLIAM A. HUNTER Soil probes have proven effective in defining t~e areal distribut!on of known sites but have not accounted for the discovery of new sites The familiar threefold division of the Delaware Indians into Unami, by themselves' due to problems of portability, power sources, and Unalachtigo and Munsee derives from David Zeisberger's History of the depth range. Northern A'merican Indians, written in German in 1779-80 and pub­ The proton magnetometer can detect various kinds of archaeological lished in English translation in 1910. Zeisberger's tripartite concept was material through its measurement of anomalies in the earth's magnetic fIrst popularized, however, in John Hec~eweld7r's Account of. t~e field. A discussion of the two processes through which this process is History ....of the Indian Nations ... , pubhs~ed III 1819 and a!?ialll III accomplished, thermoremanent magnetization and induced magnetism, 1876' but Heckewelder went further than hiS presumed authonty by is given. equating these three Nationen (so Zeisberger called them) with the It is shown that there are problems involved in the utilization of threl) Hauptstaemme (principal lineages) of Tortoise, Turkey, and Wolf any of the methods discussed in the paper, and more experimentation described elsewhere in Zeisberger's work. and testing is required to fulfill any promise of success they hold. All The validity of Zeisberger's statement, as of 1780, is not in these instrumental and chemical methods should be regarded as com­ question' but the divisional names he uses do not appear in the earliest plementary survey techniques. Where one method is weak, another is records, , for example Pennsylvania official docume~ts ~d Moravian strong; magnetometry can be highly effectiv~ .in locating spe~ial Mission records, which use a variety of other deSignatIOns for the cultural features, while phosphate tests can delimit a more extensive groups and aggregati9ns that acted jointly in dealing ~ith outsid~rs, as general occupation area. for I~xample in selling land .to. white colonists or sen~~ng embaSSies to The geological and vegetational characteristics of eastern North the- Iroquois. In such negotiatIOns the .grou~ wa~ off!C1ally re,~r~sen,~e~ America make survey a difficult and expensive task. In order to have by a "king" or designated spokesman; IdentificatIOn of these klllgs IS any confidence in the effectiveness of their surveys archaeologists here one clue to the politically functional subgroups. The present survey of will need to take advantage of every existing survey methodology. these groups omits early New Je~sey group na~es, which. ~~on Otherwise, the testing of hypotheses will be compromised by samples disappeared from the records, and With some exceptIOns, the Mllllsmk biased in favor of sites or settlement patterns that are readily located or Munsee, whom the Moravians consistently distinguished from the by surface inspection, and predictions of the environmental impact on Indians they called Delawares. archaeological resources of construction projects, such as highways, It is clear that the Delaware River did not originally mark a dams, and housing developments, will be a matter of uninformed boundary between Delaware Indian subdivisions; however expanding speCUlation rather than scientifically-sound theory and methods of data European settlement on the lower river created a geographical collection. separation between the bands in southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware and the communities farther upstream and in New Jersey. Some of these Indians went early to the Ohio, first as hunters, then as settlers; but by 1715 the bands previously identifiable in INTUITIVE ARCHAEOLOGY: A PSYCHIC APPROACH southeastern Pennsylvania had achieved a measure of coherence under the designation of Schuylkill Indians and recognized Allumapees (Sassoonan) as their "king." By 1718 these Indians had sold all. their J. NORMAN EMERSON Pennsylvania lands except part of present Berks County. When It too was sold in 1732, the Iroquois settled them as tenants at Shamokin Intuition has been described as "the immediate learning or knowing (Sunbury), and they became known as Shamokin Inct,ians or Delawa;es of something without the conscious use of reasoning." This paper of Shamokin. Allumapees' death in 1747 and the hench and Indian describes a new approach to archaeological research in which the War in 1755 occasioned further dispersal of these people; they retained author has received information about archaeological sites and artifacts their group identity, however, and shortly became generally known as from a psychic associate who appears to "know without the conscious Unarni-a name fIrst documented in 1757, when Teedyuscung use of reasoning." In actual fact, the whole research program defies (originally from New Jersey) used it in formal council and defined the reason and the usual concept of the rational man. The ultimate Unarni as "a distinct Tribe of Delaware Indians ...Alomipees was implications of this alliance of archaeology and parapsychology are, to formerly the King of that Tribe." say the least, thought-provoking. On the middle reaches of the Delaware River, Indian groups on both sides of the stream remained in close contact. The prevailing population drift was from east to west, with "Jersey Indians" re­ peatedly augmenting or replacing the previous population in present SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR ARCHEOLOGISTS Northampton and northern Bucks counties. Some of these Indians moved on to the upper Susquehanna, as Iroquois tenants, well before the loss of all their Pennsylvania land by the "Walking Purchase" JOHN E. FOSS ratification of 1737. The records of a general Indian treaty held at Philadelphia in 1742 made a distinction between the "Delawares of Soil interpretations, coupled with geologic information, can be Shamokin," headed by Sassoonan, and the "Delawares from the Forks" invaluable for archeologists working on age relationships, erosion (present Northampton County), represented by four named chiefs "& patterns, and the general stratigraphy of a site. Soils are the result of several others." Having little occasion for unifIed action after that date, various weathering reactions influenced by climate, organisms, these Jersey or Forks Indians fell short of the group identification topography, and geologic material over a period of time. These achieved by the Schuylkill or Unami Delawares. (The "kingship" reactions result in natural horizonation in soil, and these pedogenic claimed by Teedyuscung in 1756 had a very uncertain basis.) Their horizons (e.g. AI, Ap, A2, B2) need to be distinguished from cultural drift toward the Ohio was, like that of the Unami, accelerated by the or geologic layering for proper interpretation of an archeological site. French and Indian War. Techniques commonly used to characterize soils are: (1) detailed The name Unalachtigo, later applied to at least some of these morphological studies; (2) chemical analyses for diagnostic constituents Indians, is fIrst documented in 1769, when Zeisberger noted_ that the or characteristics such as P, Ca, organic matter, and soil acidity; (3) middle reaches of the Allegheny River were popUlated wholly by the physical analyses to determine particle size and lithologic dis­ Munsee, except a few Unami, the latter, "as also the Wunalachtikoks continuities in profiles; (4) mineralogical analyses; and (5) augering live farther west, and these 3 nations constitute the whole Delaware methods to evaluate soil profiles prior to excavation. Nation." In 1785 a later Moravian document identifies three individual Complete characterization of soils permits evaluation of the age Indians as "Wunalachtiko". One of them was a son of Teedyuscung, relationships of soils and landscapes and the general stratigraphy of an and at least one of the others was also of New Jersey origin. area. Chemical analyses, such as those completed on kitchen middens Zdsberger's 1769 statement about the constituency of the in Maryland, provide evidence _on intensity of occupation of an area as "Delaware Nation" prefigures that in his 1780 History. The "Delaware well as modification of soils by activities of Paleo-Indians. Archeo­ Nation" to which he refers in both instances appears to have been logical investigations, on the other hand, have _llrovided soil scientists created by the Unami Delawares under the leadership of "King" with a wealth of dating information (by CI4 dates and cultural Newcomer (Netwatwees), an outstanding figure among the Delawares evidence) of recent sediments along flood plains. This information has on the upper Ohio. Following the French and Indian War, he headed a aided in evaluating the rate of soil-forming processes. Combining the move to unite (or reunite) all the scattered Delaware bands into a disciplines of archeology, geology, and soil science in archeological single body. Helped by the convergence of Delaware groups into the investigations in Maryland and Virginia has been a stimulating and country west of the Allegheny and by a concomitant nativist revival, rewarding experience for all participating scientists. Newcomer's attempt attained considerable if not complete success. ------~,--~--

Page Fourteen BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974

The Delawares' northern neighbors, the Munsee; had in the mean­ EXCAVATIONS ON BENNETT'S POINT , time experienced a somewhat parallel history. Dislodged early from their home on the upper Delaware, their main body had formed new MARYLAND (18-Qu-28) settlements first on the upper Susquehanna and later (after Pontiac's War) on the upper Allegheny. In general their ties with the Iroquois JOHN L. LUDLOW were closer than those of the Delawares. Moravian missionaries had very poor success among the Munsee until 1763, when Zeisberger baptised the leader and some other members of a pacifist Munsee sect Bennett's Point, Maryland, is located on the "Eastern Shore" seated on the Susquehanna. Encouraged by this success, Zeisberger between the Wye River and Eastern Bay. The Point is undoubtedly next established a mission at the Munsee towns on the Allegheny. The named after Richard Bennett III (b-1667) who lived on the property converts from this place subsequently united with other mission groups from about 1698 until his death on October 11 , 1749. He was the of mixed composition, and removed with them to join the new grandson of Richard Bennett I (?-1675), governor of Virginia from "Delaware Nation" then centered on the Tuscarawas River. This 1652 until 1655. He was probably educated in England and practiced Munsee component of Newcomer's "Nation" clearly had a special law in Maryland in the late 17th century. He operated a store on the interest for Zeisberger, but it should be noted that it included only property in conjunction with what is thought to be a very successful part of the Munsee people, and that the mission groups also included trading business. In his funeral notice, printed in the Maryland Gazette, Indians of miscellaneous origin other than Delaware and Munsee. it is stated: "He was supposed _ to -- be the Richest Man on the Continent-". He is buried on the property in what appears to be a small burial plot, but it has been shown by test trenching to be part of an extensive cemetery in which there was probably a Catholic chapel built over the graves of Richard Bennett and his wife. Richard Bennett left no issue and after his death his tradition faded away. There has been little interest in him and little written about him. THE DELAWARE BIG HOUSE CEREMONY IN In an effort to establish the location and nature of his house, test HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE excavations were carried out between 1966 and 1970 without deflnitely locating the house. When the property was purchased by a developer in late 1972, salvage excavations were done until June 1973. IVES GODDARD The work was restricted to a foundation on the bank of the Wye River. The structure may have been one of the secondary buildings on The Delaware Big House Ceremony is an annual harvest ceremony the plantation. The objects of the investigation were to deflne the consisting largely of vision recitals by older men. Several scholars have nature of the structure and its role and importance during Richard argued that it was not aboriginal, but that it reflects the combination Bennett's life. Archival research has revealed no structures in the area; within the historical period of various earlier rituals. In this view the except Augustine Herrman's map of 1673 indicates two houses on the emergence of the Big House as the major annual tribal ceremony is point, one of which probably represents the house whose foundations connected with the consolidation of the Delaware into a single political were excavated. unit during the second half of the eighteenth century, and in effect it Remains of two structures, possibly a single 22 by 80 foot dwelling would have replaced an earlier Green Corn Ceremony of a general at one time, were partially exposed. Occupation was probably from eastern North American type. A reexamination of the seventeenth­ approximately 1670 to 1780, when the house burned. The foundations century descriptions of Delaware ceremonies, however, reveals many have been altered by building, robbing, and plowing, and the remains features found in the later Big House, and the dates given for the are difficult to interpret. At the time of its destruction, the building major ceremony suggest strongly that a harvest ceremony was involved, may have been used for storage or as a farmer's house, as suggested by rather than a Green Corn Ceremony. It appears; then, that at least the tool remains (shovel, hammer head, hoes, sickles, and grindstone) since the seventeenth century a harvest ceremony very like the later found on the charred floor. In Richard Bennett's time his store could Big House has been a major part of Delaware ritual, while Green Corn have occupied part of the structure. This is hypothetical, but based on observances have been minor. (There is also intermittent evidence for a records of other stores in the area being on the water's edge. similar ceremony at planting time.) The work uncovered a central, H-shaped chimney foundation with The consolidation of the Delaware into a tribe resulted in the two brick and stone hearths and the base of a stairway to a second combining of the earlier series of local ceremonies into a single floor. The most interesting features were two pits immediately in front ceremony of many days' duration at a single location, and at times of each of the hearths. The pits are rectilinear in cross-section and other minor rituals were added. Also, there were some cosmetic range in size from 28 by 35 .5 inches to 36.5 by 43 inches. These are innovations in the nineteenth century that seem to reflect the influence 24 to 32 inches in depth below the hearths. One pair of pits has of Christian church services. However, these historical changes ap­ bottoms composed of smooth limestone slabs supplemented by bricks; parently had little effect on how the ceremony was actually organized the sides are plastered. The other two are entirely of brick construction and run, and involved virtually no alterations of religious content. In and have cruder plastered walls. It suggests that the two sets were built brief, the continuities in the Big House Ceremony through time seem at different times. No mortar was used in the bottoms, indicating that more impressive than the innovations. liquid-tightness was not necessary for the pits' intended use, which was probably food storage. Another unusual feature was a 10 by 11 inch cavity made by laying three courses of brick on the top edges of a smooth, horizontally­ placed limestone slab. This structure is located adjacent to the interior face of a foundation wall and appears to have been under the floor board, although a wooden cover may have been used. The function of SOUTHEASTERN ALGONQUIAN CULTURE : this feature is unknown. It may have served as a "safe" or repository DEFINITION AND INTERNAL VARIATION for valuables. In addition to fragments of 17th and 18th century ceramics, bottles, stemware, jewelry, tobacco pipes, hardware, buttons, and farm CHRISTIAN F. FEEST implements, the following unusual artifacts were found during all of the excavations on the site: a mid-18th century bottle complete with When Frank G. Speck flrst defmed southeastern Algonquian culture contents which smell like cider, a Roman sestertius of the Emperor in 1924, next to no reliable archeological data were available for this Nero, a tall glass urinal, and pipe-stem fragments (1740-1760 context) area, and ethnohistorical research was likewise in its infancy. Re ~ which are remlUkable in that they have white spots resulting from a viewing the historical ethnographic information that is available today dark painted (unglazed) background. on the Algonquian groups of coastal North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, it becomes possible both to arrive at a more correct definition of southeastern Algonquian culture, and to allow some comments on subregional variations. Given the limitations of the THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ethnohistorical data, further contributions to the study of regional FLOWERDEW HUNDRED PLANTATION, VIRGINIA cultural differences and their possible correlation with socio-political units can be expected from archeological research. Another important question is the relative significance of northeastern heritage and NORMAN F. BARKA southeastern influence for the southeastern Algonquians. While the archeological record so far reveals little evidence for southeastern Thirty-flve early 17th century archaeological sites have been located influences, the latter have been heavily stressed in previous ethno­ on Flowerdew Hundred Farm, as well as numerous late 17th and 18th graphic interpretations. century sites. Recent archaeological excavations have begun to uncover _____.. ______~ ___L. _____ ..L_. ______

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Fifteen

the remains of the earliest colonial settlement: a substantial, well­ hearths. One is of particular interest because it appears to have been preserved house foundation dating to the c. 1620's which may have used to manufacture red ochre from the locally available bog iron. Red been a cruck house; a probable large fort structure where numerous ochre was found in the burial features. Eight poorly defined features, early gun parts, cannonballs, armor, etc. have been unearthed; portions rarely containing artifacts, were tentatively identified as storage pits. of the extensive palisade, which apparently surrounded the plantation Although the excavated material has not been analyzed, four major and was many thousands of feet in length in each direction; etc. In occupations have been identified on the basis of surface collections. addition to these structural remains, thousands of early 17 th century Indications of a fifth occupation, a Late Archaic manifestation, were artifacts from England, Germany, Italy, Holland, Spain, and China have also apparent in the excavated material. The latest habitation at the been found. site is attributable to the Late Woodland Slaughter Creek Phase, Based on the historical and archaeological information already at characterized by triangular points, shell tempered Townsend Series hand, it can be stated that Flowerdew Hundred will be one of the pottery, and roulette decorated pipes. Preceding that was a late Middle most important and informative 17th century archaeological sites yet Woodland Webb Phase occupation, with Jack's Reef Corner Notched investigated in the New World. and Jack's Reef Pentagonal points as well as lanceolate knives. The pottery belonging to this period has not been identified. The early Middle Woodland was represented by a Selby Bay phase occupation, with Mockley Ware pottery and Fox Creek points of rhyolite and THE ARKANSAS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR argillite. Probably associated with the burials is an Early Woodland LAY ARCHEOLOGISTS occupation characterized by crushed quartz tempered, cordmarked pottery, generalized side notched points, and Rossville-like points. Crushed quartz tempered, cordrnarked potsherds were found at signifi­ CHARLES R. McGIMSEY cant depths in three of the four burial features. Carbon samples have -. been obtained from the three major burial features and should provide The Arkansas Archeological Survey and the Arkansas Archeological significant information about the Adena manifestation at the Nassa­ Society jointly have designed and implemented a program of training in wango site. field archeology which is available to any Society member. The certification program provides a regularly programmed set of courses and other experience leading to various levels of certification, first in either laboratory techniques, site surveying techniques, or field excava­ tion. A person becoming fully certified in all three of these areas can THE BOUCHER SITE: proceed to become certified as an archeological technician and as a AN ADENA-RELATED BURIAL GROUND IN field archeologist. Anyone attaining the later level, which would require several years of effort, will have had the equivalent of five to six HIGHGATE, VERMONT college level courses in archeological field techniques and several hundred hours of programmed and supervised field experience, as well LOUISE A. BASA as the experience of designing, executing, and reporting upon a major field project. The program already is paying major dividends both in terms of providing desired training to Society members and in pro­ After a brief account of the conditions under which this salvage viding the state with well trained individuals far in excess of tha t which projl~ct was conducted, a preliminary description of the features and could be provided by the Survey alone, thus greatly increasing the their contents will be given. The site contained 55 definite burials (37 state's capability of protecting and preserving its archeological re­ with unburned human skeletal remains and 18 cremations) and 20 sources. related deposits which contained no recognizable traces of bone or were removed in blocks of earth and have at present not yet been excavated. A selected portion of these features, their construction and their contents will be presented stressing the importance of in situ UNDERSTANDING THE PAST relationships.

EARL R. SIDLER

A study made to reconstruct the aboriginal forest cover of Jefferson County, New York, indicates the presence of certain natural resources and features which may have made this area a highly desirable location KEYHOLES, PING PONG PADDLES, for aboriginal occupation. It also suggests that similar studies be made in other areas to determine the extent to which European exploitation OR TURTLE PITS has changed the ecology to obscure the reasons for aboriginal occupa­ tion. IRA F. SMITH III

Regional archaeologists in the northeast and in Pennsylvania have THE NASSAWANGO ADENA SITE become accustomed to dealing with the limited variety of "immovable artifacts" encountered most frequently in their floodplain excavations: refuse and storage pits, burials, village trenches, ditches, postmolds, CARA L. WISE rock piles, etc. Information gathered in the last six years from various excavations conducted by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum The Nassawango Adena site is located in northwestern Worcester Commission (William Penn Memorial Museum), and also from sites County, Maryland, not far from Salisbury, on Nassawango Creek. It explored by others in western Pennsylvania, has demonstrated the was discovered in March 1973, after the site had been cleared by signiJ1cance of a different and unique kind of feature tentatively bulldozing. Excavations were sponsored by the Maryland Geological referred to here as a "sernisubterranean structure." The purpose of this Survey and the Lower Delmarva Chapter of the Archeological Society paper is to describe in general terms the more than 30 Late Woodland of Maryland, Inc. Seventeen features were located and excavated. Four semisubterranean structures that have been discovered in eastern contained burials. Feature #1 contained cremated bone, loose copper Pennsylvania, discuss their cultural and spatial relationships, explore beads, burned soil, and ash fill covering the partially disintegrated their role in the archaeological community, and interpret their func­ skeleton of an uncremated child burial with a necklace of roughly tion. graduated copper beads ranging in size from 2 mm. to 5 mm. in length, There are three basic elements to the semisubterranean structure: and a copper pendant. In Feature #6 the fill contained, in addition to first, the elongated, subrectangular to rectangular-shaped body, which is the cremated bone and loose copper beads, a copper paint cup and a the largest, second deepest, postmold-enclosed portion of the complex; broken banded slate pendant. Under this fill was the tightly flexed and next, the /lrepit, which is deeper, smaller, packed with fire-cracked partially disintegrated skeleton of a second child apparently buried in a rocks, and has no encircling postmolds; and, finally, the tunnel, which fabric bag packed with bark and a fibrous substance resembling Spanish consists of two parallel lines of postmolds connecting the firepit to the moss. Accompanying the burial was a very long double stranded body. necklace of copper beads. Fragments of the badly decayed fabric bag Semisu bterranean structures of this nature have a restricted distri­ were recovered. A third burial feature contained only cremated bone, bution in . the northern part of the state. They are unquestionably loose copper beads, burned soil, and ash, while a fourth was almost associated with early Susquehannock sites (ca. A. D. 1500-1550), but completely destroyed by a pothunter. Five other features were fire not later ones, and with at least the later sites of the Wyoming Valley ---r

Page Sixteen BULLETIN NO. 33, 1974

culture (ca. A. D. 1450-1550). Indications are not so clear with regard ARCHAIC TRIANGULAR POINTS to the earlier Shenks Ferry and Clemsons Island cultures. Structures have been found on three Clemsons Island sites in context with a single AT THE PIPING ROCK SITE component or phase of cultural development. Yet, twice there was evidence to suggest that the structures represented Shenks Ferry or L. A. BRENNAN Susquehannock intrusive activity. Three sites have two or more semisubterranean structures associated It is the general impression among archaeologists working in the with other significant aspects of the community scene. These are eastern United States, and the thrust of most reporting of excavations shown to represent activity areas occupying specific locations within in the East, that the triangular projectile point is a time marker for the the site that are peripheral to the living and food storage areas. Late Woodland period. In the Northeast the archaeologist, confronted Additionally, it is demonstrated that not all structures at anyone site with a triangle point, with or without provenience, will very likely are contemporary. resort to Ritchie's "A Typology and Nomenclature for New York Relatively comparable archaeological examples have been uncovered Projectile Points" and fit it somehow into either the Levanna type of by Carnegie Museum archaeologists in the Kinzua River valley of the beginning Late Woodland, or the Madison type of protohistoric northwestern Pennsylvania and southwestern New York State. Semi­ times. This tendency persists despite three published instances of the subterranean structures, designated "turtle pits" in this area, are occurrence of triangles in dated Archaic contexts. These instances are: reported from various proto-Iroquoian sites spanning the time from A. 1. The Hornblower 11 site on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. D. 900 to 1400. Ritchie found small triangles he named the Squibnocket type in a level Further afield, but more similar than "turtle pits," are the so-called dated at 4140 plus or minus 100 C-14 years. "keyhole" structures at the Hatchery West site in the Carlyle Reservoir 2. The Sylvan Lake rockshelter in Dutchess County, New York. of Illinois that are thought to date to the Late Woodland La Motte Excavated by Funk, this site yielded triangles named by him the culture around A. D. 300 to 500. Beekman type at a level he assigned as Vosburg-Laurentian and was Keyholes, Ping Pong Paddles, or Turtle Pits, are strange designations for dated at 4730 plus or minus 300 C-14 years. functioning architectural units in a primitive community. Keyholes 3. The Ten Mile River rockshelter near Narrowsburg, New York. have been interpreted by Binford as winter domiciles for nuclear Excavated by Funk, Walters, and Scott, this site yielded two triangles, families; turtle pits, Dragoo believes, were used to store corn and other one of which was of the Beekman type according to the report, the collectible foods; ping pong paddles, the terminology used by one other being "very similar to the Madison type", in close association associate to describe the units in eastern Pennsylvania, have been with bone. The bone assayed at 4450 plus or minus 130 C-14 years. discussed only as semisubterranean structures. Ethnographic cOm­ To the foregoing three occurrences of Archaic triangles must now parisons and the various characteristics of the structures themselves be added two more, from the Piping Rock site at the mouth of the suggest that the Late Woodland semisubterranean structures in eastern Croton River where it enters the Hudson. Pennsylvania are neither storage houses nor domiciles, nor animal pens, The first occurrence was at the bottom of a heap of oyster shell cook sheds, smoke houses, or granaries, for that matter, but rather recognized by us as being of the GO (giant oyster) II period. (We now ceremonial sweat lodges. . divide the GO horizon, when very large oysters were to be found in the Hudson as far nOrth as the Croton, into a GO-I period from about 6000 C-14 years ago to about 5500 C-14 years ago, and a GO-II period from about 5100 to 4600 C-14 years ago.) The GO-II period had already been dated at the Twombly Landing site on the west bank of THE "INDIAN MOUND" SITE, 7 NC-D-36: the Hudson in two tests by different laboratories at 4725 and 4750 C-14 years ago. But, whereas the Twombly Landing date was on an A MIDDLE ARCHAIC-POPLAR ISLAND PHASE SITE IN association with a Taconic stemmed narrow-bladed point, the Piping NEW CASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE Rock site midden of exactly the same date, which is on the east bank of the river, contained a 6 inch long polished gouge, half of a swept-wing bannerstone of porphyry with a partially drilled hole, and a MARY C. SAWYER AND WILMER F. AIST small assemblage of large points and knives of triangular design. Shell that had been in contact with one of the triangles yielded a date of Investigation of an 1888 historical account of an "Indian mound" 4730 plus or minus 140 C-14 years (GX -2999). Despite a C-14 age near Red Lion, New Castle County, Delaware, led to the discovery of a precisely that of the Beekman level at Sylvan Lake rockshelter, these site on fastland 5-6 feet higher than the adjoining swampy head of a points are not Beekmans, at least according to the type description by branch of the Red Lion Creek, but not a mound. A descendant of the Funk in the revised "A Typology and Nomenclature for New York 1888 owner directed us to the site and also informed us that Joseph Proj(:ctile Points". They are less than equilateral with the long sides Wigglesworth, a well-known local collector, excavated here in 1905-7. measuring about 1.5 inches. Funk describes the Beekman as being The site is in a wooded area that has never been under cultivation, "usually as broad as long," with a length (which I take to mean the permitting excavation by soil horizons. All cultural debris was re­ altitude) of usually 15/16 to 1.0 inch. covered in the Ao and the top of the Al horizons. Soil buildup has The second occurrence of Archaic triangles at Piping Rock was in a been very slight and the occupation levels were a tangled mass of tree heap of medium-to-small shell. Because there was found on the top of rootlets which had also contaminated the recovered charcoal. this heap a boatstone and the bases of two Meadowood-like points we Excavation revealed a single culture site, occupied for a very short assumed that the heap would be at most 2500 C-14 years old or less. period, that is assigned to the Poplar Island Phase of the Middle Three triangles were found at the bottom of the heap, all alike, except Archaic (4000-3000 B. C.). The site was first tested by pitting which for material, as peas in a pod, and two of them were within inches of revealed a fire pit. A more extensive test of 900 square feet in the area each other. The three points could not, without stretching the type of the fire pit uncovered a small house, 55 X 73 inches with the fire descliption, be classified as Beekmans. Shell from the immediate pit located at the farthest end from the house opening. There were at vicinity of the paired points gave an age of 5135 plus or minus 155 least 22 postmolds 2-3% inches in diameter and 2-%-5 inches deep. This C-14 years, (GX 3238) or 400 years older than Beekmans. These are house is the first one to be recorded for Delaware, also for Cecil the oldest dated triangles in the East. County, Maryland, and Chester and Delaware counties, Pennsylvania. Funk regards the Beekman type as an element in a Vosburg­ The lithic debris resembled that of the Poplar Island site with the Laurentian "complex". Ritchie places the Squibnocket triangles as an exception of the lithic preference. At the "Indian Mound" site the element in a Squibnocket complex which includes the small, stemmed preference for flaked artifacts was for the cryptocrystallines of the point typed as the Squibnocket Stemmed. Neither seems to have given Delaware chalcedony complex and ferruginous quartzite (iron-cemented any thought to the view that triangles constitute a singular and sand), a popular lithic material of the Middle Archaic of the distinctive projectile point tradition and, as such they have cultural Susquehanna valley. The local sandstone, quartzite, and shale cobbles significance. On the evidence now in hand it would appear, however, from the stream beds were preferred for anvils, hammers, etc. Only one that there is a tradition of small, nearly equilateral triangles in the complete projectile point was recovered, but it is diagnostic for Poplar Northeast threading through a considerable span of the Late Archaic Island (Type D). The occupation of this site, being of such short from the 5135 C-14 years at Piping Rock to the 4140 C-14 years of duration allowed the interesting observation that many hammers in the Hornblower II or 1000 years. That triangles of this tradition were workshop area were standing on their working ends as they had been found with small stemmed points at Martha's Vineyard and with left by their users. Laurentian notched blade points at Sylvan Lake and Ten Mile River Most of the Indian dirt from the living floors and the workshops rockshelters means nothing more than that triangles are contemporary was flotated to remove the mass of rootlets and soil. All materials with these different traditions. The abundance of triangles and the retained on an 18 mesh screen were examined under lOX magnification interl~sting diversity of their styles, found in the lower Hudson shell and all lithic material showing fracture or other use was saved for middens, are further arguments in favor of such a tradition. This analysis. Among these specimens Witthoft identified some crop stones diversity is found at the Dogan locus, Montrose Point, about 7 miles of the passenger pigeon. abovl~ the Piping Rock site. "___ " ______1 ___..1.- _____~ ' ...1.______, ____ 1

EASTERN STATES ARCHEOLOGICAL FEDERATION Page Seventeen

I have previously reported on the Dogan locus, a deep, extensive, Otter Creek-like. These points were associated with a hearth. But, and wholly Archaic midden of oyster shell. It has provided four dates rather than date the hearth charcoal which was full of roothairs, we at the 5000 C-14 year level, of which three are relevant to triangle used as dating material a shell lying directly on top of two notched points. One of these dates is "5155 C-14 years and is a stop date points. The age was 5095 C-14 years. At the level of the assemblage forward for a side-notched point of generalized Archaic pattern. About was a small Beekman narrow isosceles triangle. 20 feet away a date of 5075 C-14 years was obtained from shell in The evidence presented here is by no means all we have excavated which lay a cluster of three stemmed points not of the Taconic in support of the existence during the Archaic of a tradition of triangle tradition, since one of them had basal ears. Between these two dated points; it is merely the strongest and clearest. The tradition, which I occurrences lay an Archaic campsite which yielded points of many call the Shattemuc, includes other types at other but still untested time kinds, but mainly triangles that could be assigned to three types, a levels. When the whole triangle story is unfolded I believe triangles will Beekman type, a large narrow triangle, and the approximately be seen to have begun as an evolution from Paleo-hunter fluted equalateral Hunterbrook triangle. lanceolates and to extend uninterrupted into Woodland times. Mean­ The third dated occurrence was a cluster of notched blade points, while it would be rash to make chronological and cultural judgments one of which was a classic Vosburg, one of which was a "side-notched by the triangle shape of a point alone. Provenience data must point like that dated at 5155 C-14 years and another of which was accompany any identification for cultural or chronological purposes.