Reagan Readies Arms Speech WASHINGTON ( AP)- President Uctsm in U.S

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Reagan Readies Arms Speech WASHINGTON ( AP)- President Uctsm in U.S • • • Gogol--page 6 VOL XVI, NO. 61 an independent srudenr newspaper serving nmre dame and saint mary's WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1981 Missile reduction Reagan readies arms speech WASHINGTON ( AP)- President Uctsm in U.S. arms control circles Leonid I. Brezhnev if the Reagan is ready to propose to the that such an approach will prove ac­ "neccessary ground work is laid" Soviet Union that both superpowers ceptable to the Soviet Union, which and there are indications that a sum­ virtually eliminate nudear missiles is believed highly reluctant to mit would prove "fruitful and from the European theater, State destroy new weapons such as the SS- productive and yield results." I>t:panment officials said yesterday. 20, capable of carrying three nuclear There are no indications Reagan The president, it was said, will use warheads. will announce such a meeting in his a foreign policy spcech today at the A more limited, fall-back position speech. despite statements from National Press Club to embrace the is said to include an attempt to win West German Chancellor Helmut ~ocalled "zero-option" approach as Soviet acceptance of the planned Schmidt that he hopes to get the two the goal for Soviet-American deployment of 572 American leaders together to cl~ar the air on negotiations on restraining nuclear nuclear warheads on Pershing II arms control and nuclear issues. forces in Europe. Those talks open missiles in exchange for the removal Brezhnev and Schmidt meet in Nov. 30 in Geneva. of more than 900 Soviet warheads Bonn for a series of meetings begin· The option consists of an ex­ now in place on SS-20, SS-5 and SS-4 ning Friday. U.S. officials have said pected U.S. offer not to undertake missiles. That would be a shift in they expect a summit would take the planned deploymen of new U.S. force levels aimed at producing a plan· .;;omt'timc in I 9R2. medium-range missiles in Europe if relative nuclear balance in Europe. The U.S. at the moment has no the Soviet Union agrees to disas­ On a related subject, State Depart· medium-range missiles in the semble its own missiles, stationed in ment spokesman Dean Fischer said European theater, but does have western Russia, aimed at European the United States remains interested short-range tactical nuclear targ<.·ts. in a possible summit meeting be­ weapons such as Pershing I and However, there is deep skep· tween Reagan and Soviet President Lance missiles. The Soviet Union already ha<> deployed substantial numbers of SS- Soviet economy falls 20 missiles. The United States is not supposed to deploy its medium­ range missiles in Europe until late short of 1981 goals 1983. The Soviets contend that other European-based U.S. weapons. MOSCOW (AP)- Production fell cent during the five-year plan. Last including those on aircraft and sub­ short of goals this year in March, it was projected at 12 to 15 marines, should be subject to agriculture, coal, iron and steel, the percent. negotiations. S<.>Viet Union's chief economic plan· The experts said the reduction ncr reported yesterday. He indi· meant the Soviets would be putting The zero-basing option is inneas­ cated the Soviet Union would aim off construction projects and spec­ ingly advocated in Europe, especial­ for tht· low end of its overall targets ulated that money saved from can­ ly in West Germany, where there is Genesis performed brilliantly in front of an enthusiastic crowd in the current five-year plan, which cellation of the work would be used mounting official concern over the last night at the ACC. See related photo on page 7. (photo by john ends in 1985. to help meet consumer needs, or be scope and impact of the European Macor) Nikolai Baibakov told delegates to given to the military. peace movement. the Soviet Parliament that "it was Soviet Finance Minister Vasily not possible to fulfill the ( I 981 ) Garbuzov told the 1,500 delegates plan" in those areas, but did not yesterday that Soviet defense spend­ 'Duchess of dietitians specify how wide the gap was in any ing in 1982 will be unchanged from ofthe four areas. 1981. Presiet Leonid I. Brezhnev told Western experts, however, said the Supreme Soviet on Monday that Brezhnev hinted Monday night at an Cagan feeds NYC students the economic planners were to increase in military spending when blame for a "pour crop year," and he cited the "complicated" interna­ By JERRY SCHWARTZ children, but she worries. food remained the nation's central tional situation as one factor con­ Associated Press "Many families which have three, four or five problem. tributing to the sluggishness of the children will decide that it is too much of an outlay, and Of particular note in Baibakov's Soviet economy. NEW YORK (AP) - Elizabeth Cagan, czarina of turn to bag lunches. We hope that they won't drop speech, Western experts said, was "Our defense needs are being school cafeterias, duchess of dietitians, marchesa of eating lunch altogether," she said. the announcement that capital in­ dependably ensured," Brezhnev said milk canons, was disturbed. Her young subjects had However, she says proposed federal guidelines - vestment during the five-year period cleaned every plate. now withdrawn - to reduce the amount offood served was projected to grow by 10.4 per- See GOAL, page 4 "Have we given you enough? Are you still hungry?" to elementary students, would have prevented waste, asked the woman who, as head of the New York City especially by cutting the milk serving from 8 to 6 school lunch program, serves 520,000 lunches and ounces. 110,000 breakfusts each day at 1,200 sites - more out· "From noon to one, the sewers in this country run Panel discusses alcohol lets than Howard johnson's. white," she says. "What some of these so-called experts Her staff, standing nearby as Mrs. Cagan talked to stu· don't understand is that unless a kid ingests what is on dents during this recent visit to a school lunchroom, his tray, it's not nutritious." problem at ND tonight groaned. Mrs. Cagan wants to make sure her meals are eaten. "You know, Students who don't want, say, mashed potatoes, need ByRANDALLGOSKO~CZ there's no pleas­ WEDNESDA YJIJJJ only take a "taster" portion. Then, if they want more, News Staff ing you," said they can have it. one staffer. "If In several schools, Mrs. Cagan has established ~~ There will be an open forum on the question of alcohol use at they eat every· *~HliFOCUS "energy fuctories" where hamburgers, pizza, french Notre Dame tonight at Flanner Hall from 7 to 9 p.m. thing on their fries, milkshakes and ice cream are available, along with This forum. which will feature a number of speakers, has been plates, you want salad bars and traditional lunches. formed in response to questions that have been raised by the Hall to give them more. If they leave food on their plates, The difference is that the rolls and pizza are made President's Council, PACE, students, faculty, the administration, and you ask them what's wrong." with unbleached flour, the meat is lean. the french fries The Obsen,er regarding alcohol use on campus. Mrs. Cagan admits that she is not easily satisfied. At arc vitamin enriched and low on greao;e, the milkshakes The forum will consider whether there is an alcohol problem at age 62, after 40 years as a teacher and administrator in use only milk, not fillers, and the ice cream is made to Notre Dame, whether Notre Dame can deal with that problem, and the nation's largest public school system, she hao; carved Mrs. Cagan's specifications, with reduced sugar. whether Notre Dame will he able to equip its staff. graduates, and out a reputation as a hard-working, ebullient innovator. No unnecessary additives or colorings arc used. And fa(·ulty with the information necessary to deal with alcoholism in In 1977, a federal report criticized the city's school the machines that dispense real junk foods - the sockty. food program as wasteful and the food itself as un­ cupcai{es, candy and soda - have been banned in the ~embers oft he panc.:l at tonight's forum include Daivd Link. Dean nutritious and unappetizing. Mr~ Cagan, in the four schools since 1979, fur teachers and students alike. of tht· Law School, and member of PACE; Pro( Walter Davis, of the years since she has been director of food services, is Mrs. Cagan also has been a leader in the use of surplus English tkpartrm·nt; Lt. Cmdr. Richard Horstman, University credited with turning a losing program into a winner. foods and other commodities donated by the: fedcral :-.IROTC Instructor. who is t:xpc.:ricnced in the Navy's alcohol On a budget of S I 34 million, she oversees 9, 500 food government. programs and community programs; Terry Alley, an ND graduate service employees, including 37 field superintendents In the pursuit of nutrition, Mrs. Cagan will take ad· and local physician who is an expert on the medical aspects of al­ responsible for local operations. vantage of anything including the students coholism; flanner Hall President Lloyd A. Burke:, Jr.; and Peggy And Mrs. Cagan has held down the price of a sehoul themelves. Cronin, alcohol and drug counsc.:lor. lunch, which ranges from 60 to 75 cents. Every school in the city has established student nutri­ The program has been organized to include a <; to 10 minute However, under the federal lunch program, nine out tion committees which draw up menus each month, speech by each speaker except Dr.
Recommended publications
  • The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1986
    The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1986 Donated by A.S. Chernyaev to The National Security Archive Translated by Anna Melyakova Edited by Svetlana Savranskaya http://www.nsarchive.org Translation © The National Security Archive, 2007 The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1986 http://www.nsarchive.org January 1st, 1986. At the department1 everyone wished each other to celebrate the New Year 1987 “in the same positions.” And it is true, at the last session of the CC (Central Committee) Secretariat on December 30th, five people were replaced: heads of CC departments, obkom [Oblast Committee] secretaries, heads of executive committees. The Politizdat2 director Belyaev was confirmed as editor of Soviet Culture. [Yegor] Ligachev3 addressed him as one would address a person, who is getting promoted and entrusted with a very crucial position. He said something like this: we hope that you will make the newspaper truly an organ of the Central Committee, that you won’t squander your time on petty matters, but will carry out state and party policies... In other words, culture and its most important control lever were entrusted to a Stalinist pain-in-the neck dullard. What is that supposed to mean? Menshikov’s case is also shocking to me. It is clear that he is a bastard in general. I was never favorably disposed to him; he was tacked on [to our team] without my approval. I had to treat him roughly to make sure no extraterritoriality and privileges were allowed in relation to other consultants, and even in relation to me (which could have been done through [Vadim] Zagladin,4 with whom they are dear friends).
    [Show full text]
  • BUSINESS Manchester, Conn
    20 - MANCHEffTER HERALD. Sat.. Nov. 13. 1982 BUSINESS Manchester, Conn. Cold tonight; mild Tuesday Monday, Nov.'15. 1982 — See page 2 25 Cents p in B rie f- Business advice offered HmlB I ' , . 'Old boys' help wome’P •V $•'^11 . A DAYLONG AWED workshop Nov. By Patricia McCormack fabulous, too, Mrs. Fitzpatrick said. training program, conducted in the evening every other week. 13 in Nfew York City w ill tune women into United Press International Male executives on the AWED ad­ V visory board include G.G. Micbelson, one result of this exposip-e to super ad­ opportunities in the fashion and beauty Help’s only a phone call away for a senior vice president of R.H. Macy & vice and training, Mrs. Fitzpatrick said, field'. Some 1,800 from across the country female with a grettt idea for hitting the Co.; Lawrence W- Small, executive vice is that there have been only three have paid the $50 registration feee. There w ill be 48 different workshops run f -■ road to riches via her own business but president. North American Banking bankruptcies among the AW ED alumni. stops walk by a .faculty of 220 from the ^real .jiot knowing a dime’s worth about Group, Citibank, N .A.; and Oscar Dunn, Generally, four out of five businesses fall marketing, raising money or running a former senior vice president of General in the first five years of operation, she world.” Mrs. Fitzpatrick said‘$romen accepted company. Electric and board member of J.S. said. • for the 18-month training program — a EVA, or extravehicular activity, is The help comes via the American Penney Co.
    [Show full text]
  • The KGB in Kremlin Politics
    FINAL REPORT TO NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : THE KGB IN KREMLIN POLITIC S AUTHOR : Jeremy R. Azrael Rand Corporation/UCLA CONTRACTOR : Rand/UCLA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Jeremy R. Azrael COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 801-4 DATE : September, 198 8 The work leading to this report was supported by funds provided b y the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . Th e analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those o f the author . CONTENT S PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i v INTRODUCTION 1 THE SECRET POLICE AND THE ELIMINATION OF BERIA 4 THE SECRET POLICE IN THE MALENKOV-KHRUSHCHEV STRUGGLE 6 THE KGB AND THE " ANTI-PARTY GROUP " 1 1 THE KGB AND " THE ZHUKOV AFFAIR " 1 6 THE REPLACEMENT OF SEROV 2 0 CHAIRMAN SHELEPIN 2 2 THE FALL OF SHELEPIN 2 7 THE 1967 SETTLEMENT 3 0 THE DOWNFALLS OF AKHUNDOV AND SHELEST 3 3 THE RISE OF ANDROPOV 3 7 THE KGB AND THE BREZHNEV - ANDROPOV SUCCESSION 4 3 THE INTERREGNUM 4 6 THE CHEBRIKOV - GORBACHEV ALLIANCE 5 0 THE BREAKDOWN OF THE CHEBRIKOV - GORBACHEV ALLIANCE 5 3 CONCLUSION 6 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY WORKS CITED 68 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S This report has been prepared in fulfillment of a contract betwee n the RAND-UCLA Center for the Study of Soviet International Behavior an d the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . The autho r is indebted to both of these organizations for generous financial an d moral support . Sincere thanks also go to , Lilita Dzirkals and Te d Karasik, for their expert research assistance ; to Valerie Bernstein, to r her devoted secretarial services ; to Julia Azrael, for her help as a proofreader and editor ; and to Frank Fukuyama, Harry Gelman, and othe r colleagues who gave me the benefit of their critical comments an d suggestions on a draft version of the text .
    [Show full text]
  • The Autumn of Nations: the Last Days of the USSR, 1987
    ODUMUNC 2017 Issue Brief USSR Crisis The Autumn of Nations: The Last Days of the USSR, 1987 by Jackson Harris Old Dominion University Model United Nations Society Introduction Здравствуйте товарищи! Two year ago, in 1985 after adjourn a meeting of the Soviet Politburo, Mikhail Gorbachev emerged as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As the new General Secretary of the Communist Party, he became the most powerful individual in the Soviet Union. He replaced the 74-year-old and long-ailing General Secretary Konstantin Chernenko, third in a rapid series of older leaders to die in office. At the age of 54 Comrade Gorbachev became the first Soviet- born leader of the glorious Soviet Union, the first born after the November 1917 Revolution. He is truly a revolutionary man! The situation Comrade Gorbachev inherits poses special challenges, which embolden his General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Politburo colleagues to trust leadership to an Union (CPSU) Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev speaking at the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, 1987. exceptionally younger comrade. As you are all aware, the West is in continuous war with the In order to right the ship that was the brilliant legacy of our proletarian revolution that faltering economy of the Soviet Union, General gave birth to the largest collective the world has Secretary Gorbachev has instituted a wave of ever seen. Our vast and glorious territories do social and political reforms. Programs such as not come without cost, and we are struggling to the Perestroika (economic restructuring to manage the future of the Soviet economy, the permit individual investment) and Glasnost power of the Motherland and needs of our (openness of information to facilitate private people.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Policy (December 1982) Box: RAC Box 3
    Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Bailey, Norman: Files Folder Title: Soviet Policy (December 1982) Box: RAC Box 3 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name BAILEY, NORMAN: FILES Withdrawer RBW 2/12/2013 File Folder SOVIET POLICY DECEMBER 1982 FOIA M452 Box Number 3 SHIFRINSON 48 ID Doc Type Document Description No of Doc Date Restrictions Pages 154003 REPORT 3 12/1/1982 Bl PAR 12/21/2015 M452/3 154004 REPORT [ATTACHED TO DOC. 154003] 20 ND Bl PAR 12/21/2015 M452/3 154006 MEMO WALTER RAYMOND TO ROBERT 1 12/6/1982 Bl MCFARLANE RE. ANDROPOV STATEMENTS R 12/14/2015 M452/3 154009 REPORT 1 12/9/1982 Bl PAR 12/21/2015 M452/3 Freedom of Information Act - (5 U.S.C. 552(b)] B-1 National security classified Information [(b)(1) of the FOIAJ B-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIAJ B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIAJ B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial Information [(b)(4) of the FOIAJ B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIAJ B-7 Release would disclose Information compiled for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIAJ B-8 Release would disclose Information concerning the regulation of financial Institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIAJ B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical Information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIAJ C.
    [Show full text]
  • Glasnot and Perestroika: an Evaluation of the Gorbachev Revolution and Its Opportunities for the West
    Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 16 Number 2 Winter/Spring Article 3 May 2020 Glasnot and Perestroika: An Evaluation of the Gorbachev Revolution and Its Opportunities for the West Harold E. Rogers Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Harold E. Rogers, Glasnot and Perestroika: An Evaluation of the Gorbachev Revolution and Its Opportunities for the West, 16 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 209 (1988). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Denver Sturm College of Law at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],dig- [email protected]. ARTICLES Glasnost and Perestroika: An Evaluation of the Gorbachev Revolution and Its Opportunities for the West HAROLD E. ROGERS, JR.* I. INTRODUCTION The Russian Bear is stirring from a long winter's nap, and to the surprise of the western world, is showing a new, friendly smile. The rea- son for the changed appearance, according to its new masters, is the effect of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) now sweeping Rus- sia. These changes are so broad and fundamental that they stir world speculation and hope that the cold war may be ending." The principal author of these changes is Mikhail Gorbachev who, in March, 1985, became General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.' Since his appointment as Party General Secretary, Gorbachev has star- tled the world with a dazzling succession of new plans and proposals aimed at slowing the arms races, democratizing Soviet society," reforming * Harold E.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's New Politics the Management of a Postcommunist Society
    Russia's new politics The management of a postcommunist society Stephen White published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York NY 10011±4211, USA http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia # Stephen White 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Plantin 10/12 pt [ce] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Russia's new politics : the management of a postcommunist society / Stephen White. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0 521 58319 5 (hard). ± ISBN 0 521 58737 9 (pbk.) 1. Russia (Federation) ± Politics and government ± 1991± 2. Russia (Federation) ± Social conditions ± 1991± 3. Post-communism ± Russia (Federation) I. Title. JN6695.W48 2000 320.947'09'49 ± dc21 99±31474 CIP ISBN 0 521 58319 5 hardback ISBN 0 521 58737 9 paperback Contents List of plates page vii List of ®gures ix List of tables x Preface xi 1 From Brezhnev to Yeltsin 1 A changing policy agenda 10 The Gorbachev leadership 16 The August coup
    [Show full text]
  • Chicago, IL Convention Theme: Transgressions
    ASSOCIATION FOR SLAVIC, EAST EUROPEAN, & EURASIAN STUDIES November 9-12, 2017 Chicago, IL Convention Theme: Transgressions The 100th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution inspires the 2017 theme and invites us to rethink the ways in which cultural, economic, political, social, and international orders are undermined, overthrown, and recast. Anna Grzymala-Busse, Stanford University ASEEES Board President 2 CONVENTION SPONSORS ASEEES thanks all of our sponsors whose generous contributions and support help to promote the continued growth and visibility of the Association during our Annual Convention and throughout the year. PLATINUM SPONSOR: Cambridge University Press; Williams College GOLD SPONSORS: Harriman Institute at Columbia U; Natasha Kozmenko Booksellers; American Councils for International Education SILVER SPONSOR: Indiana U Russian and East European Institute; Stanford U Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies; U of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Russia, East Europe, and Central Asia BRONZE SPONSORS: U of Michigan Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies; U of Texas-Austin Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies ASSOCIATE SPONSORS: New York U, Department of Russian and Slavic Studies; Ukrainian Jewish Encounter; U of Chicago, Center for East European, Russian and Eurasian Studies MOBILE APP SPONSOR: American Councils for International Education 3 Contents Convention Schedule Overview .......................................................................... 4 Program Committee for the Chicago,
    [Show full text]
  • The Path to the Kremlin Judy Yandoh LAIS 409 July 30 2018
    The Path to the Kremlin Judy Yandoh LAIS 409 July 30 2018 Recent biographies of Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin illuminate their path to the Kremlin and how they became rulers of the once Soviet Union and now Russia. For all three men the path from the provinces (in Putin’s case St. Petersburg) to Moscow is similar. A combination of the patronage of powerful men in the Kremlin from their provinces, the exchange of favors with Kremlin functionaries, and personalities and characteristics admired by influential men brought Gorbachev, Yeltsin and Putin to power. In her book about life in Russia during the 1930’s, Shelia Fitzpatrick wrote: In the Soviet Union, for all its apparent bureaucratization, many things actually functioned on a personal basis… To get privileges, you needed contacts with someone higher up: in short you needed a patron. Patronage relations were ubiquitous in Soviet society. The practice of patronage… was characteristic… of all Soviet leaders… They all tried to have “their own” people working for them – people who were personally loyal, associate their interests with their boss’s, relied on him as a patron… In the Soviet system status and power was “inseparable from the man in charge”. Those in power surrounded themselves with “family”, “political clients, subordinates, and associates from whom they expected loyalty…” and in return offered them privileges and protection. Fitzpatrick also described blat, a system of exchanging favors in the Soviet Union based on the principle of reciprocity. Blat was usually described in terms of friends helping friends but really meant “… you had to have something for somebody in return”.
    [Show full text]
  • Breakthrough to Freedom
    The International Foundation for SocioEconomic and Political Studies (The Gorbachev Foundation) BREAKTHROUGH TO FREEDOM PERESTROIKA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS R.VALENT PUBLISHERS 2009 Compiled by Viktor Kuvaldin, Professor, Doctor of History Executive Editor: Aleksandr Veber, CONTENTS Doctor of History Translation: Tatiana Belyak, Konstantin Petrenko To the Reader . .5 Page makeup: Viktoriya Kolesnichenko Art design: R.Valent Publishers PART I. Seven Years that Changed the Country and the World Publisher’s Acknowledgement: Special thanks to Mr. Mikhail Selivanov, Vadim Medvedev. Perestroika’s Chance of Success . .8 who helped make this book possible. Stephen F. Cohen. Was the Soviet System Reformable? . .22 ISBN 9785934392629 Archie Brown. Perestroika and the Five Transformations . .40 Aleksandr Galkin. The Place of Perestroika in the History of Russia . .58 Viktor Kuvaldin. Three Forks in the Road of Gorbachev’s Perestroika . .73 Breakthrough to Freedom. Perestroika: A Critical Analysis. Aleksandr Veber. Perestroika and International Social Democracy . .95 M., R.Valent Publishers, 2009, — 304 pages. Boris Slavin. Perestroika in the Mirror of Modern Interpretations . .111 Jack F. Matlock, Jr. Perestroika as Viewed from Washington, 19851991 . .126 Copyright © 2009 by the International PART II. Our Times and Ourselves Foundation for SocioEconomic and Political Studies (The Gorbachev Foundation) Aleksandr Nekipelov. Is It Easy to Catch a Black Cat in a Dark Room, Copyright © R.Valent Publishers Even If It Is There? . .144 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means Oleg Bogomolov. A Turning Point in History: without written permission of the copyright Reflections of an EyeWitness . .152 holders. Nikolay Shmelev. Bloodshed Is Not Inevitable .
    [Show full text]
  • The Restoration of Capitalism in the Soviet Union
    THE RESTORATION OF CAPITALISM IN THE SOVIET UNION W. B. Bland. THE RESTORATION OF CAPITALISM IN THE SOVIET UNION By W. B. Bland. Second Edition, 1995; First published Wembley 1980. FOREWORD This book is an analysis of the economic system which was developed in the USSR after the "economic reforms" of 1965-66 - an analysis made on the basis of a mass of evidence taken almost exclusively from official Soviet economic journals. Taking into account the virtual abolition of centralised economic planning, the introduction of profit as the regulator of production, the vesting of effective ownership and "hiring and firing" rights in industrial management, and the inequitable distribution of enterprise profit between managerial and shop floor personnel, the author reached the conclusion - as the title indicates - that by the 1970s the soviet economy had become essentially a restored capitalist system masquerading under red flags which are no longer appropriate. Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 1: The Abolition of Centralised Economic Planning ............................................................................................................... 10 3: The "Socialist Market" ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24 4: Payment
    [Show full text]
  • Ideology and the Cold War
    Review of International Studies (1999), 25, 539–576 Copyright © British International Studies Association Ideology and the Cold War MARK KRAMER1 Abstract. Western scholars have long disagreed about the role that ideology played in the Cold War. The release of crucial documentation from the former East-bloc archives has shed new light on this question, but no consensus is likely to emerge. Even if all the archives are eventually opened, the new evidence will not—and cannot—provide full vindication for either realism or an ideology-based approach. A key task for scholars will be to reexamine the broad and often unspoken assumptions on which specific US and Soviet policies were based. Introduction Was the Cold War a contest of two ideologies—liberal democracy and Marxism- Leninism—or was it driven mainly by considerations of power and material interests? No definitive answer to this question has yet emerged. Indeed, deep divisions remain among Western analysts about the precise role of ideology in the making of the Cold War. On one side stand those who argue that conflicting ideologies were of little or no relevance and that both sides simply used rhetoric to conceal their real interests and intentions. This understanding of the conflict is based in the last analysis on Kenneth Waltz’s theory of neorealism. Waltz, not surprisingly, says little about ideology and relies instead on two ‘structural’ features of international politics to explain the interaction between states in general and the superpowers in particular: the unequal distribution of capabilities, and the anarchic nature of the international system.2 Ultimately, in Waltz’s view, there are recurring patterns of foreign policy behaviour that flow naturally from these two features.
    [Show full text]