ALIBORNIA H 1 g h V11~~/ S and Pubi is Works Looking west along fhe complefed section of the in fhe . The view is from Hazeltine Avenue. (See article "District VII" beginning on page 3) r

California, ig hwa, Y sand Public Works Official Journal of the Division of Highways, Department of Public Works, State of

Vol. 40 March-April Nos. 3-4 CONTENTS

Page S.F. Vista - -- — ------— ------2 District VII ___----_---- -_- By E. T. Telford, Assistant State Highway Engineer Sco#ia Bridge ------24 By George W. Thomson, Resident Engineer AukumRoad ------— ------— ------27 By Robert C. Downer, Road Commissioner, EI Dorado County RuralFringe ------— ------30 By Bamford Frankland, Headquarters Right-of-Way Agent U.S. 466 ______35 By M. F. Silva, Resident Engineer I.T.T.E. ------— ------—-— ------39 California Roadsides-2 _ ------______40 Paver Control --_------__---_------_------_---__- 48 By W. H. Crawford, District Construction Engineer Salinas Valley ------— — — ------— — ------52 By A. M. Nash, District Engineer FloodProblems ----- — — ------56 By T. E. Ferneau, Assistant District Engineer and H. C. Suenderman, District Hydraulics Engineer 4-Level --______61 FRONT COVER—Looking south on the Freeway ------By D. S. Shepard, Senior Highway Engineer through the City of San Clemente, Orange County. The photo shows the modern type of freeway sig~~ing used Driver Trainsng ------_-___------_____- 64 in California, including the Inferstafe Rouse and US By B. A. Switzer, Safety Engineer Roufe signs. This section of the San Diego Freeway was J.N.D. No. 9 ------— ------— ------— — ------67 opened to ~raffrc last November (See "Dis;ric4 VII" Los Laureles Grade — ------69 bnginninr~ on page 3). ------By Bruce W. McClain, Road Commissioner, Monterey County Photo by John F. Meyerpeter Lab Photo Wins Prize at Philadelphia Exhibit ______72 Bridge Costs ------73 By H. K. Mauzy, Senior Bridge Engineer and W. J. Yusavage, Associate Research Technician Highways Employee Wins Engineering Doctorate ______75 'Tempus Fugit' Corner __--- _-___ ------_- 77 Circu{ar Letters ------— 78 By AI~`red S. Roxburgh, Senior Administrative Analyst and George F. Anderson, Associate Administrative Analyst Driver Reaction Tesfed By Simulator Device ______79 ~, t: ° 25-Year Awards Given 18 Employees ______79 Retirements ~~~: __~~ E. M. MacDonald ------— 23 Recent Retirements ______75 R. F. Reynolds — — ------77 Obituaries f~alph W. Zook ------64 inMemoriam ------— ------— - 77

LESTER S. KORITZ, Editor STEWART MITCHELL, Associate Editor JOHN C. ROBINSON, Associate Editor HELEN HALSTED, Assistant Editor WILLIAM R. CHANEY, Chief Photographer E~#itors are invited to use information contained herein and to request prints of any black and ,. ~ . white phol~ographs. BACK COVER--An architectural study of the ventilation building portal of the Hazelview Summit funnel on Address communications to: EDITOR, US 199 now under construction, the view is southwest toward Gasquei, Del Norte County. The completed tun- CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKS nef will be more than 1,800 feet long with a 26-foof- wide roadway. P. O. Box 1499 Drawing by W. H. Ludlow, Bridge Department SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA • S ~ Temporary Sightseeing Area Installed On Section of E►nbarcadero Freeway

THE DOUBLE-DECK DISTRICT Embarcadero Free- I~ 7 way in San Fran- ~ Cisco was designed and built to carry four of traffic on either deck, but u n t i l connecting sections are built it is operating far be- low capacity. In August, 1960, Governor Edmund G. Brown approved a plan for tempo- rarily converting part of the upper deck into a vista area for sightseers. A contract for the installation of pro- tective fencing and timber was completed on January 26, 1961, at a construction cost of $28,000. There are 60 parking places pro- vided, along with strolling areas. Mo- torists reach the area on the north side via the on-ramp from and Sansome Streets, and leave at the south end, using the ramps which con- nect to the Bay Bridge and the James Lick (Bayshore) Freeway. Experience during the first few weeks indicated that weather and special events will be major factors in the amount of use the area receives. The arrival and departure of a new luxury liner was viewed by quite a few motorists from the upper deck A view of the Embarcadero Freeway from the Ferry Building, showing the fenced-off vista area on the vantage point. upper deck; Telegraph Hill and Coit Tower in fhe background.

LOWER LEFT—Four officials inspect the vista area on its opening day: left fo right, Assistant State Highway Engineer J. P. Sinclair, Chief Administrative Officer Sherman P. Duckel, San Francisco Mayor George Christopher, and State Director of Public Works Robert B. Bradford. LOWER RIGHT—View of the entrance to the vista area from on-ramp, looking toward the Ferry Building and the S.F.-Oakland Bay Bridge. s I(~ r I ~ Freeway Completions, Current Construction J I Add Up To Encouraging Progress Picfure

By E. T. TELFORD, Assistant State Highway Engineer DisTxicT VII, a motor vehicle registration of 3,840,- In the total plan of the metropolis, comprising of Los 000 and a population of 6,942,000. By planning for transportation must con- Angeles, Orange 1980 it is anticipated motor vehicles sider the size and general scale of to- and Ventura coun- and population will again double their morrow's metropolitan area and dis- ties, is largely a numbers. tribution of the population needs. As metropolitan com- The metropolitan area can continue a part of the transportation field, we munity. Since 1940, to grow only if it serves its proper are concerned with the metropolitan when it had 1,314,- purpose as a center of activity. To highway plan and primarily with the 000 motor vehicles serve that purpose it must have facil- "freeway system." and a population of ity of communication and transporta- The freeway system, a basic unit 2,986,000, the District has grown to tion. in an integrated system for motor ve-

Long Beazh Freeway Terminus. Connections to Long Beach City Street System south of Anaheim Street, bottom.

March-April 1961 3

4 4

California California Works Highways Highways and and Publac Publac

$171,608,500 $171,608,500 mente mente had had under under and and in in Highway Highway Ortega Ortega of of can- a a total total San roads. roads. county county The The one one road- item item of of

Avenida Avenida District 1960, 1960, between between At At the the of of Ramona Ramona the the San San close close in in Cle- roads, roads, and and realignment realignment existing of of

junction junction San San with with Diego Diego district. the the Freeway drainage drainage roadbed, roadbed, structures, structures, frontage

Junction Junction 714 714 Serra Serra routes routes these these in in miles miles about about this was was of of completed completed in in con- The The project project for for calls calls of of grading grading the

between between the the nia nia San San Commission Commission Highway Highway Diego Diego adopted Freeway Freeway has has and of of $7,168,660.

section section of of the the system system Pacific Pacific The The in in Califor- VII. VII. Coast Coast District District Freeway on on December December 1960, 1960, low low for for 1, 1, a a bid

In In Orange Orange miles miles freeway California California 1,500 1,500 County, County, the the in in of of December December a 1960, 1960, the the contract contract and and was was awarded

has has ture ture Avenue. provided provided Kelvin Kelvin nue nue already already about and and for for project project were were opened opened 3, on on November November

By By Freeway, Freeway, between between Senate Senate No. No. Legisla- and and 480, 480, Bill Bill the the Encino Encino Ave- Bids Bids for for the the initial initial construction

the the Boulevard Boulevard Canyon Canyon of of future. and and San San Diego Solamint.

as as freeways freeways essentially essentially framework respective respective portions portions is is a a between between Laurel from from the the Golden Golden State State Freeway Freeway to

framework framework routes routes developed completed completed to to of of be be in in April April and and May May for for the economical economical location location of of the the portion

1959. 1959.

480 480 Bill Bill This This

in in No. No. long of of sections sections -range Ventura Ventura the the Freeway Freeway were studies studies are are now now under under way way for for a a more

minating minating of of

with with the the was was enacting enacting levard levard Senate completed completed in in July. July. Two continually continually being being improved; improved; therefore,

of of the the

century century most most recently recently and and Jefferson Jefferson cul- Boulevard Boulevard Venice Venice and and Bou- ards ards highway highway for for construction construction are

legislation, legislation, beginning beginning the the around around Sari Sari Diego Diego The The turn Freeway Freeway between delayed delayed until until November, November, 1957. 1957. Stand-

maintained maintained

a a long long of of history history sound August. cent, cent, adoption adoption of of this this was segment segment

tion. tion.

The The

California California Legislature Legislature has and and 190th 190th Street Street was was completed completed rugged rugged in terrain terrain from from Vin- Solamint Solamint to to

it it must must have have a a sound sound basis basis in in legisla- bor bor Freeway Freeway between between 124th 124th Street economical economical the alignment alignment through through

the the

metropolitan metropolitan freeway freeway system, system, and completed completed in in March, March, 1960. 1960. The The Har- studies studies were were an establish establish required required to to

Long -range -range planning planning is is essential essential to adena adena Avenue Avenue Los Angeles in in of of were Lancaster. Lancaster. additional Because Because

parts. sections sections between between Sixth Sixth Street Street and and south south Pas- of of north Palmdale Palmdale to to Avenue Avenue D, D,

the the upon upon proper proper balance balance between between On On the the Golden Golden its State State Freeway Freeway way way to to Vincent the Solamint Solamint and and from from

fectiveness fectiveness of of the the total total system system depends construction construction cost cost of of portions portions from from $42,950,000. Free- the the State State Golden Golden

becomes becomes a a complete complete system. system. The The 25.5 25.5 ef- miles miles of of way way freeways freeways Commission Commission freeway representing representing a a a adopted adopted as as

service service roads roads the the that that road road network public public received received In In March, March, the the High- use use 1956 1956 of of the the another California California

jor jor arterials, arterials, collectors collectors and and local local land- During During the the 1960 1960 calendar calendar Angeles. metropolitan metropolitan year year attack attack Los Los on on the

land -use -use service. service. It It is is through through the the ma- covering covering a a gross gross mileage mileage atomic of of escape escape 163.4. as as route route an an of of in in case case

hide hide transportation, transportation, offers offers no no direct tract tract on on state state highways highways designated been been and and has has also also It It Palmdale. Palmdale. freeways

and and Force Force Force Force 42 42 at Plant Plant Air Air Base Base

area. area. Compare Compare this this at at Air Center Center Edwards Edwards Test Test Flight Flight with with the the map map on on fhe fhe following following page.

Freeway Freeway

Progress. Progress. the the

above above

map map

shows shows the the current current status status of of freeway freeway construction construction in in the the District District VII at at China China Station Station Test Test Lake, Ordnance Ordnance

of of facilities facilities the the U.S. U.S. Naval ernmental ernmental

<,.:0

1961 1961 MARCEi MARCEi 1, 1, as as as as well well recreational recreational areas areas """" -` -` the the l l gov- ,. ,. ~ ~ ~ ~ .,~

the the

serve serve High High will will freeway freeway Sierra

FIX1TE FIX1TE CDOPlED CDOPlED ...... FNEEWAV FNEEWAV .r .r T T . . w w 1

4

BUDGETED BUDGETED Angeles Angeles •~...e.... •~...e.... County. County. Los Los of of Fx~`di Fx~`di part part This ~ ~ / `••~ `••~

CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

FREEWAYS FREEWAYS UNDER UNDER lO lO

ULL ULL

~

"~

in in highway highway the the

important important

northern G G FxaR[SSwnYS FxaR[SSwnYS ~~~ ~~~ — — COMPLETED COMPLETED OR OR r~~~~ r~~~~ w

s~y.~,.w s~y.~,.w A -. -. ° °

Valley Valley Antelope Antelope Freeway Freeway is is The The

;in '~

,,6~...... ,,6~......

,~ ,~

N N

FREEWAYS FREEWAYS ~ ~ ~ o~y.a~~~~„~ o~y.a~~~~„~ _.~pa~~ _.~pa~~ G G amounted amounted E E to to 1960 1960 of of $697,000. close close

DISTRICT DISTRICT VII VII expenditures expenditures of of '"~ '"~ `''y~~= `''y~~= way way ~:~s ~:~s at at 57. 57. Right Right '~ the

years years Commission Commission 1955 the the in in -56- way way

HIGHWAYS HIGHWAYS DIVISION DIVISION OF OF e~~ e~~

...... _...... _..

~\

WO0.K5 WO0.K5

PUBLIC PUBLIC DEPA0.TMENT DEPA0.TMENT "

"" "" '~ '~

OF OF ~ -~' -~'

~~~~

„Q~vere °sioe~:~....,. "~ "~ ~"

~. ~.

California California by by ~e~~' ~e~~' adopted adopted the the ~s~'•• ~s~'•• was was High- CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA

STATE STATE OF OF

.~ .~ ~ ~

A... ~ ~

.. ..

~.._. ~.._......

,..,...._. ..._.e ..._.e Freeway Freeway Valley Valley (U.S. (U.S. Antelope Antelope b)

54.5 -mile -mile entire entire length length of of The The the

Antelope Antelope

Valley Valley

Freeway C C ~• ~• ~ ~ ~ ~ / / 0 0 l l E E 5 5 , , L L Se Se oL~{%! oL~{%! W W

.~ y... y... ~. ~. . . o, o, ~';:::.:.AO~ ~';:::.:.AO~

freeway freeway follows: or or

development development status status of of ~ ~ on on each each unit

arate arate units units of of the the system system and and the

a a of of

usable usable freeway freeway system. system. The The sep-

,:~,

,, ,, r:,,~ r:,,~ ~ ~

The The S District District ~ ~ E E nnTn nnTn now now L L t t fo fo \O \O r r ~S ~S G G E E ci.,~a~ ci.,~a~ A A 'N 'N xnex xnex has has the the beginnings

1961 1961 and and 62.9 62.9 miles miles in in 1962.

miles miles of of opened opened freeway freeway in will will be be

In In

that that 12.5 addition, addition, expected expected it it is is ~ ~ \~,~~~o~ \~,~~~o~ ~ ~ ~S ~S ~

1960.

in in January, completed completed Anaheim, Anaheim, was was

Fullerton Fullerton Placentia Placentia in in and Avenue Avenue

Road) Road)

Spadra Spadra - -~ ------

levard levard and (formerly (formerly -- -- ~------~ ~ ------

- rv.-

Harbor Harbor

between between -t- Bou-

erside erside

Freeway Freeway

z - r r

addition addition

the the In In Riv- Juan Juan Capistrano. Capistrano. way excavation (7,700,000 cubic Design studies are currently in Beverly Hills Freeway yards) accounted for nearly 56% of progress for the conversion of the ex- Studies are in progress for the Bev- the total value of the bid submitted. pressway section between Normandie erly Hills Freeway between the San This project extends from Sand Avenue and Alameda Street to full Diego Freeway near Westwood and Canyon (approximately 9 miles north freeway standards. Between Alameda the Freeway. Extensive of the city limits of Los Angeles) for Street and the , a research is being conducted for this 10 miles to Escondido Canyon Road. distance of 14 miles, contract plans are project in land-value study zones in The first portion of the project paral- being prepared for ultimate 8- order to provide comparable estimates lels the Santa Clara River to Lang. At freeway construction. Right of way of right of way needs for alternate this point it begins to traverse the expenditures to date, for the entire possible alignments. It is anticipated rugged terrain across Agua Dulce adopted route, amount to $5,272,000. that the studies will be completed pre- Canyon Road and near Vasquez Rocks, reported in early California history as the bandit Vasquez' hiding place. In an effort to place a usable facility in operation at the earliest possible time, the California Highway Com- mission has provided an additional $8,000,000 in the 1961-62 construction budget to pave the initial grading project, construct bridge structures, and complete the freeway from Sola- mint to Red Rover Mine Road, a dis- tance of 16 miles. The estimated com- pletion date for this project is April, 1963. As funds become available, addi- tional segments of the Antelope Val- ley Freeway will be constructed. When completed from the Golden State Freeway near Los Angeles to the Kern County line, expenditures in ex- cess of $60,000,000 will have been made.

Artesia Freeway The Artesia Freeway (State Sign Route 14) takes its name locally from Artesia Street along which it follows for a considerable distance in Los An- geles County. It is a part of the route that extends from Pacific Coast High- way (U.S. 101 Alternate) in Redondo Beach easterly into Orange County. The State Highway Commission has adopted two portions of this route as freeway. One of these extends from Normandie Avenue to Santa Fe Ave- nue, and the other from Palo Verde Avenue to the Santa Ana Freeway. The total distance of freeway adop- tion is 12.4 miles. Of this, 4.9 miles have been constructed to expressway standards at a cost of $2,324,000. The extension of this route in Orange County easterly of the Santa Ana Freeway is known as the Riverside District VII freeways in 1953. the .above map shows the sections of freeway completed or under Freeway. construction seven years ago. Compare this to fhe map on the preceding page.

March-April 19b1 5

6 6

California California Works Highways Highways and and Public Public

Boulevard. Freeway Freeway and and 27, 27, bor bor Lincoln Lincoln results results October October 1960. 1960. The The of of these the the present present route. route. that It It is is anticipated anticipated

portion portion between between route route nia nia Har- of of Highway Highway the the Commission Commission the the hearing hearing nn Orange Orange County County and Airport Airport runway runway

ing ing held held can can 1962 1962 that in in be be early early followed followed for for level, level, District District a a by by Califor- a a proposed proposed extension extension of of existing the the

public public regular regular is is expected expected that that 1959, 1959, cent cent a a being being 8, 8, October October meet- on on on on the because because made made of of the the between conflict conflict

27, 27, on on October October port port 26 26 1960. 1960. and and Colorado Colorado Freeway, Freeway, It with with the the most most re- Supervisors' Supervisors' The The line. line. was request request

held held Angeles Angeles Los Los unadopted unadopted at at on on International International the the the the Air- portions portions of of the of of Board Board Supervisors, Supervisors, resudying resudying is is this

destination destination was was public public Several Several survey survey undertaken and and meetings meetings have have been the the Orange Orange of of request request the the County

and and the the this this card card for for freeway, freeway, a a post post origin Foothill Freeway on on the the east. The The Advance Advance Planning Planning at section, section,

route route Golden Golden with with nection nection location location research State State

Freeway Freeway on on the the west Road.

discussed. discussed. will will were were studies studies Also, Also, con-

eventually eventually in in connect connect

the

with with

Highway Highway and and just just south south Palisades of of

Holly Holly these 1960, 1960, which which and and 21, 21, Street Street at at Duly Duly in in Pasadena. Pasadena.

This This route

tour tour mapping mapping between between Pacific Pacific Coast

Association Association Vista Vista Eagle Eagle 1960 Freeway Freeway on on 20'; 20';

April April in in Rock Rock Drive Drive Eagle Eagle to

survey survey contract contract was was awarded awarded for for con-

Meetings Meetings 000. 000. 2.3 held held the the

were were The The with with Century extends extends -mile -mile from

section section

this this route, route, on on 3, 3, October October aerial 1960 1960 an an

way way Norwalk. and and

Santa Santa Freeway Freeway near near

construction construction

the the Ana Ana of of $8,600,- cost cost

to to the the design design of of a a 6 over -lane -lane freeway freeway

1955, 1955,

since since Inglewood Inglewood pleted pleted near near

Alternate) Alternate) at at and right right 101 101 a a total total of

at at a a total total cost cost of of Preparatory $283,000. $283,000.

134) 134)

Sign Sign Boulevard Boulevard Lincoln Lincoln between between (U.S. (State (State Route Route

has has been been way way com-

remaining remaining 4 4 facility, miles miles as as a a 2 -lane -lane

of of A A studying studying actively actively the the part part Century Century Free- Colorado Colorado

the the Freeway

4 as as a a -lane -lane the and and divided divided highway highway

Advance Advance section section The The Planning Planning is

Colorado Colorado

Freeway Buffalo Buffalo completed Ranch Ranch was was Road, Road,

time.

Century Century Freeway tween tween and Pacific Pacific Highway Highway Coast Coast

Freeway Freeway

Ana Ana

follow follow will will

at at a a

later In In be- miles, miles, 1942 1942 the the 2.3 2.3 southerly southerly

in in early early

from from 1962.

the the

Harbor Harbor

Freeway Freeway to to

the the Santa port port miles. Freeway, Freeway, 6.3 6.3 a a distance distance of of

public public to to paratory paratory meeting meeting a a

sometime meetings meetings Public Public

for for the the section section east Pacific Pacific New- Coast Coast the the Highway Highway and and

adopted adopted between 1940 1940 as as in in freeway freeway a a

Freeway Freeway Sanfa Sanfa adjacent adjacent Clara Clara to to River. 184) 184) (Route (Route was County County in in Orange Orange

from from Soledad Soledad southwesterly southwesterly Looking Looking Canyon Canyon construction construction in in Road Road progress progress

the the at at Antelope Antelope on on Valley

Freeway The The Corona Corona Mar Mar Del Del

Corona Corona Freeway DeI DeI Mar Mar

be be widened.

Union Union Pacific Pacific Railroad Railroad have have will will to

Southern Southern Pacific Pacific Railroad Railroad and and the

Avenue. Avenue. Existing Existing over over bridges bridges the

Avenue, Avenue, Valley Valley Boulevard Boulevard and and Fifth

interchanges interchanges will will be be required required at at Holt

nancing. nancing. Grade separation bridges bridges and

500,000, 500,000, which which await await must must future future fi-

mated mated of of the the cost cost conversion conversion is is $2,-

over 4.4 4.4 -all -all distance distance of of miles. miles. Fsti-

Bernardino Bernardino as as the the Freeway, Freeway, San San an

freeway freeway standards standards northward northward as as far

to to pleted pleted convert convert this this to to route route full

$1,068,000. $1,068,000. of of have have Plans Plans been been com-

Bernardino Bernardino County County line, line, at at a a total total cost

Pomona Pomona to to Riverside Riverside Drive Drive at at the the San

of of tance tance miles miles 3.2 3.2 from from 5th 5th Street Street in

-lane -lane expressway expressway 4 standards standards fora fora dis-

District District in in 71) 71) VII VII is is completed completed to

Corona Corona The The Freeway Freeway (State (State Route

Corona Corona Freeway

struction.

$29,000,000 $29,000,000 for for of of rights rights way way and and con-

6.6 6.6 miles miles and and will will cost cost an an estimated

adopted adopted line line measures measures approximately

23, 23, 1961 1961 route. route. adopted adopted final final The a a

way way on on February Commission, Commission, who who

California California under under High- study study the the by by

have have Freeway, Freeway, Golden Golden been State State

Glendale Glendale to to through through Eagle Eagle Rock Rock the

Club Club from from Road Road the the west west route route in

the the with with location location ~f dealing dealing meetings meetings a public meeting to discuss the various The completion of these two projects, 9.7 miles, March 26, 1958; Grand Av- alternates can be held by the end together with other recent contracts, enue to San Bernardino County line, of this year, will result in a continuous S-mile sec- 6.8 miles, April 29, 1959; Michillinda tion of 4-lane divided highway. Street to Bradbourne Avenue, 5.9 Palmdale Boulevard A project for improving this route miles, May 20, 1959; Glendora Avenue Palmdale Boulevard (State Sign from 4.4 miles east of Palmdale to the to Grand Avenue, 4.7 miles, Novem- Route 138) is the major east-west vicinity of Avenue T is presently ber 18, 1959; and Duarte city limits at route through the . under design, and the need for future Bradbourne Avenue to Glendora Av- During 1960 two separate contracts widening and improvement to the San enue, 6 miles, February 17, 1960. were awarded for much needed con- Bernardino County line is under study. Aerial surveys covering the entire struction on this route. The first con- length of these five adoptions have tract between 1.5 and 4.4 miles east Foothill Freeway been completed and design studies are of Palmdale was awarded on July 21, The Foothill Freeway extends for presently under way. 1960. This 2.9-mile project consists of 34.2 miles from junction with the On February 18, 1959, the Board of widening the e~usting 2-lane to a mod- Golden State Freeway to the San Ber- Directors of the City of Pasadena re- ern 4-lane divided facility with chan- nardino County line near Claremont. quested that the Division of Highways nelization for left turn movements. In 1955 a 1.8-mile segment of this make a study of combining the Foot- This project, under $479,800 contract route in the Altadena-Flintridge area, hill Freeway with the Atchison, is scheduled for completion in the was constructed to freeway standards Topeka &Santa Fe Railroad between near future. at a cost of $2,098,000. Marengo Avenue and a point east of The second contract, between 6th Urban development along a 10.5- Michillinda Avenue. This request was Street East and Sierra Highway (U.S. mile section of this Interstate route, made upon a recommendation of the 6) was awarded on August 12, 1960, between the Golden State Freeway Pasadena Planning Commission after and completed in December. This 0.1- and Foothill Place near Hansen Dam, the second public meeting held by the mile project also consisted of widen- is introducing an increasing number of Division of Highways on December ing to a 4-lane divided facility with problems, and plans are being devel- 22, 1958 on that portion of the Foot- left turn channelization and included oped in sufficient detail to protect the hill Freeway from Orange Grove widening of the existing railroad right of way. Boulevard to Michillinda Avenue. crossing and construction of ties. This The California Highway Commis- A report was prepared in coopera- project, costing approximately $106,- sion has adopted five freeway location tion with the staff of the City of Pasa- 800, was jointly financed between the units on the Foothill Freeway, as fol- dena and presented to the Board of County of Los Angeles and the State. lows: Filbert Street to Foothill Place, Directors on November 9, 1960,

Looking northerly along Golden State Freeway from East Los Angeles lnter- Looking northerly of construction in progress along Golden State Freeway; change; center, Santa Ana Freeway passing diagonally through photograph. top, left, Elysian viaduct and interchange facilities with the Pasadena Freeway.

March-April 1961 7 which indicated that the least expen- Coast Highway to the Newport Free- fora 2.1-mile, 10-lane section between sive railway study would cost $19,- way, a dis*_ance of 15.4 miles. Los Alamitos Boulevard and Bnlsa 000,000 more than the $43,000,000 as In 1959 an interim project was com- Chica Road. In this vicinity the San estimated for one of the most reason- pleted to provide a 4-lane divided Diego Freeway and the Garden Grove able alternates outside of the influence highway between Los Cerritos Chan- Freeway will utilize common road- of the Railroad. The City of Pasadena nel and Knott Avenue, a distance of ways. held a public meeting on January 10, 5.4 miles, at a construction cost of Contract plans are being prepared 1961, and have indicated that they $1,502,000. Most of this improvement for a portion of the Garden Grove hope to reach a decision soon as to will be utilized in the ultimate de- Freeway between Placentia Avenue whether they will place a bond issue velopment of the freeway. and the Santa Ana Freeway, a distance on the ballot or recommend that the A contract for the construction of a of about 1 mile. Interchanges will be State adopt one of the alternates out- reinforced bridge and a provided at Placentia Avenue and at side of the influence of the Railroad. between Studebaker Bristol Street. This project is Unit I The Advance Planning section also Road and the proposed San Diego of the Santa Ana, Orange, and warden has under study a portion of the route Freeway was awarded on September Grove Freeways interchange and will from the Colorado Freeway to junc- 21, 1960. This is a first-stage project be financed from an item of $13,700,- tion with Montana Street, which ties in the development of the freeway. It 000 in the 1961-62 budget. It is antici- into a completed segment of the Foot- is anticipated that this project will be pated that this construction will he hill Freeway. completed late in 1961 at a cost of ready to advertise for contract in mid- 1961. Garden Grove Freeway $271,000. The Garden Grove Freeway State Plans are being prepared for the en- A portion of the Garden Grove Sign Route 22 extends from Pacific tire freeway based on 6 lanes except Freeway from the Chan- nel to Pacific Coast Highway is under restudy in conjunction with the Pacific Coast Freeway through the City of Long Beach. It is anticipated that studies for this section of the Garden drove Freeway will be pre- sented at a public meeting sometime this year. Glendale Freeway The Glendale Freeway State Sign Route 2 extends 3.2 miles from Ard- more to Vermont Avenues and from Glendale Boulevard to Avenue 36. A 1.1-mile section of this freeway, be- tween and Eagle Rock Boulevard, was completed in 1958 at a construction cost of $2,820,- 000. Alandscaping contract was com- pleted on January 8, 1960, between Fletcher Drive and Verdugo Road, at a cost of $94,000. Currently two con- tracts are under way on this freeway: one is between Riverside Drive and the Los Angeles River, including the interchange with the Golden State Freeway, 0.6 mile costing $830,000, awarded on April 12, 1960, with an estimated completion date of January, 1962 (part of a 3.7-mile, $12,404,200 contract on the Golden State Freeway between Arnold Street and Glendale Boulevard). The outstanding feature of this project is the Glendale-Golden State Freeway Interchange, with its 12.7 miles of foundation piling, 6.5 acres of bridge deck, 3 miles of bridge railing Looking easterly of completed portion of Glendale Freeway; foreground, bridges under construction concrete. All of the connecting with interchange with Golden State Freeway. and 94,500 tons of

g California Highways and Public Works Looking northerly along recently completed portion of Harbor Freeway from 746th Street pedestrian overcrossing.

substructure work has been completed this time. Some delay and slow prog- ~vay is completed to full freeway and falsework towering 50 feet above ress was occasioned by encountering standards and open to traffic between adjacent Riverside Drive is a mar- hard sandstone in trench excavation Burbank Boulevard and Glendale velous sight to the passing motorist. areas. In some instances it was neces- Boulevard. This 6-mile section was The falsework is unique in that the sary to use jack hammers to remove built previously under separate con- bottom 20 feet is the typical heavy rock through which the trenching tracts: Ash Avenue to Los Angeles timber and steel beam type topped by machine could not cut. River, 2.2 miles, completed in Sep- tubular steel scaffolding to support the The unconstructed portion of the tember, 1957, at a construction cost 12% superelevated deck. Glendale Freeway between Avenue of $4,753,000; Los Angeles River to A second Glendale Freeway con- 36 and the Foothill Freeway is ac- Glendale Boulevard, 2.5 miles, com- tract, work on which started on No- tively under study. It is anticipated pleted in January, 1958, at a con- vember 4, 1960, after award on Octo- studies can be presented at a public struction cost of $5,418,000; and Ala- ber 19, 1960, is in progress between meeting within the next two years. meda Avenue to Burbank Boulevard, Glendale Boulevard and Riverside Another segment west to junction 1.3 miles, completed in August, 1959, Drive, 0.8 mile costing $2,325,800, with the has at a construction cost of X4,240,000. tentatively scheduled for completion been reactivated in connection with In the vicinity of downtown Los in January, 1962. Since the first order the study of the Beverly Hills Free- Angeles two important Golden State of work is the construction of re- way. It is believed that this part of Freeway links were opened to traffic aligned Allesandro Street and related the Glendale Freeway study will be on .March 18, 1960, between Sixth city street work, there has been little ready for a public meeting in the lat- Street and Mission Road and between work done on the freeway itself, ex- ter part of 1961. Mission Road and Pasadena Avenue, cept for the placing of some embank- Golden State Freeway 2.5 miles, at a combined construction ment material obtained in street exca- The Golden State Freeway (Routes COSt Of $7,77H,000. vatio~. 4 and 161), an Interstate highway, is At this time there are 6 projects in The moving of extensive utility 73.2 miles long in District VII, ex- progress on the Golden State Free- facilities from old Allesandro Street tending from junction with the Santa way including the East Los Angeles to locations within the new roadway Ana, Santa Monica, and Pomona Free- Interchange, representing a mileage of was begun recently. Much of this ways in East Los Angeles to the Kern 19.4 and a construction cost of ~58,- work was dependent upon the com- County line north of Gorman. 31 S,500. pletion of rough grade by the con- The Golden State Freeway has Provision has been made in the tractor and side hill cuts and fills, been completed to largely expressway 1961-62 fiscal year budget in the which had to be made first. As the standards north of the City of San amount of $6,200,000 to complete the utilities are relocated, existing streets Fernando in San Fernando Valley via only remaining gap in the Golden will be abandoned and work on the the to the Kern County State Freeway between Lankershim freeway started. line and has been opened to traffic for Boulevard and Osborne Street in the Sanitary sewer work was started a number of years. San Fernando Valley, a distance of within the first few weeks of con- In the Burbank, Glendale and Los 2.4 miles. Thus, taking into account struction and is nearly complete at Angeles areas the holden State Free- completed and going projects and the

March-April 1961 9

10 10 Works Highways Highways California California Public Public and and

connections connections Angeles Angeles Easf Easf Branch Branch Los Los interchange interchange of of look)ng look)ng norfihe,asterly. on on October October 1960 1960 at at a a $92,- cost cost of of 31, 31,

Avenue, Avenue, 1.3 1.3 miles miles covering covering 15 15 acres,

tween tween Avenue Avenue Linden Linden Cypress and and

landscaping landscaping project project was was completed completed be-

for for completion completion 1961. 1961. in in July, July, Another

under under $52,800 $52,800 a a contract contract scheduled

Broadway, Broadway, 0.9 0.9 9 9 mile mile covering covering acres,

between between ect ect Mission Mission Road Road and and North

State State Freeway Freeway is is a a landscaping landscaping proj-

and and pleted pleted in in progress progress on on the the Golden

Among Among the the minor minor contracts contracts com-

sion sion at at a a public public meeting.

be be sufficiently sufficiently developed developed discus- for for

spring spring of of relocation relocation 1961 1961 studies studies will

County County is is line. line. It It hoped hoped that- that- by by the

Reservoir Reservoir nando nando to to north north the the Kern

San San Diego Diego Freeway Freeway at at Fer- the the San San

State State Freeway Freeway from from junction junction the with with

of of expressway expressway of of portions portions the the Golden

is is Design Design under under for for way way relocation

completion completion mated mated date date 1963. July, July, is is

started started in in February, February, 1961 1961 and and the the esti-

Street), Street), 6 6 miles, miles, $12,625,800; $12,625,800; work

Freeway Freeway as as south south far far as as Nordhoff

ing ing grading grading 4 4 on on miles miles the the San San Diego

to to

Street Street

San San

Fernando Fernando

Road Road

(includ-

approximately approximately $102,692,000. amount amount way way to to are are constructed constructed being being as as a a part part of

completion completion

is is date date June, June, 1961. 1961. Osborne

projects projects Freeway Harbor Harbor the the eted eted on on Two Two contracts contracts

on on the the Free- Harbor Harbor

1959 1959

December December

1, 1, the the and and estimated

budg- completed completed mitted mitted and and going, going, on on

Pzablic Pzablic Works).

2 2

miles, miles,

$3,718,500; $3,718,500; work work started started on

The The expended expended moneys moneys or or total total com-

issues issues of of California California Highways Highways

Boulevard Boulevard and to to Lankershi~n Lankershi~n Boulevard,

Freeway Freeway Monica Monica interchange. Santa Santa

uary-

February February and and

May pletion pletion

1960 -June, -June,

date date June, June, is is 1961. 1961. Roscoe

interchange interchange structures structures way, way, at at and and the

articles articles -form -form on on slip paving paving S, S,

1959 1959 in in

the the

March March Jan-

and and the the estimated estimated com-

208th 208th Street Street Coast Coast Pacific Pacific and and Hiah-

smoothness smoothness ing ing the the requirements. requirements.

miles, miles, (See

$8,830,400; $8,830,400; work work on started started

Street Street Street Street 208th 208th between and and and and

pavement pavement was was successful successful and and

in in

Boulevard Boulevard meet- to to Roscoe Roscoe 4 Boulevard, Boulevard,

construction construction between between 190th under under

placed placed 61,800 61,800 yards yards cubic cubic of of

concrete

pletion pletion is is date date April, April, 1962. 1962. Burbank

two two use, use, and and for for contracts except except in in

slip -form -form wide wide machine machine the the

contractor

April April

20, 20, 1960 1960 and and the the estimated estimated com-

largely largely route route entire entire is is The The completed

Southern . California. Using Using 24

a a

miles, miles, -foot

$12,404,200; $12,404,200; work work started started on

Street Street San San in in south south Battery Battery Pedro. to to

way way also also iniriated iniriated -form -form slip paving paving

Glendale Glendale in

Freeway Freeway Interchange, Interchange, 3

proceeds proceeds 22.6 22.6 and and Center Center Civic Civic miles

This This contract contract on on the the Harbor Harbor

to to Free-

Czlendale Czlendale Boulevard, Boulevard, including including the

the the

Los Los structure structure in in 4 -level -level Angeles

date date is is

February, February, 1962. 1962. Arnold Arnold be be had had dump dump Street to to removed.

Freeway Freeway

begins begins Harbor Harbor

The The

at at the

1960 1960 and and the the estimated estimated 143,000 143,000 completion

yards yards cubic cubic of of an an old old trash

Freeway Harbor Harbor

410,000; 410,000; work work started started on on May May Channel Channel 11 and and Street Street 190th 190th area, area, some

the the Pasadena Pasadena Freeway, Freeway, 1.7 1.7 Highways Highways and and miles, miles, completion completion fornia fornia $10,- Public Public date. date. Works.) In In the the Dominguez

Street, Street, including including the the February February interchange interchange advance advance January issue issue of of the the with the the of of - originally originally Cali- scheduled

1961. 1961. Pasadena Pasadena Avenue Avenue Himelhoch, Himelhoch, District District Public Public L. L. to to Works Works Arnold on on Engineer, Engineer, 5, 5, August August in 1960; 1960; in

estimated estimated completion completion is is see see date date LOOP LOOP was was story, story, and and accepted accepted PROGRESS, PROGRESS, May, by by A. the the by by Director Director of

work work started started on on 1959 1959 May May portion portion the the contract contract Santa Santa The The 1, 1, of of the Monica Monica started started and and Freeway, in in October, October, 1958

Lorena Lorena 2 2 Streets, Streets, State State miles, miles, Freeway Freeway pumping pumping Golden Golden $10,326,600; plant plant and and loop and and 10 10 the the retaining retaining walls.

and and 8th 8th Streets Streets and and complete complete Boyle Boyle Harbor Harbor a a (For (For Avenue Avenue discussion discussion 17 17 Freeway Freeway and of of the bridges, bridges, are are a

Angeles Angeles Interchange, Interchange, bounded bounded Street. Street. Included Included by by 6th in in available available the the in in new new this this length length is is of of budget. the

south south to to order: order: north north The The East East Artesia Artesia of of vard, vard, stance stance 6.1 6.1 Los miles, miles, Boulevard, Boulevard, for for 190th and and which which $143,000

itemized itemized as as follows, follows, Rosecrans Rosecrans in in a a Burbank Burbank Boulevard Boulevard generally Boulevard, Boulevard, Alondra Alondra Boule- to to a a section, section, dis-

the the Golden Golden State State Freeway Freeway arteries arteries the the may may Segundo Segundo west Boulevard, installed installed on on as as be El El Glendale Glendale Boulevard

The The active active construction construction important important Amedian Amedian vards. vards. projects projects barrier barrier on facilities facilities will will also also east- such such with with be

struction. Roscoe Roscoe provides provides tween tween and and Lankershim Lankershim connection It It Boule- Street. Street. 190th 190th

mile mile 0.5 0.5 800 800 for for both both and and right right Avenue Avenue south south Roscoe Roscoe of of to to way way Street Street Boulevard Boulevard and and con- from from and and 124th 124th be- of

Harbor Harbor grand grand miles miles freeway freeway total total -lane -lane of of investment investment of of $165,406,- 8 the the tended tended Freeway between between Cypress

$7,755,000 $7,755,000 Freeway Freeway represents represents contract contract continued continued 000 000 for for estimated This This an an 1960. 1960. landscaping landscaping on on 5.2 ex-

completed completed in in entire entire length length was was of of the the allocations allocations Freeway Freeway tional tional State Golden Golden to to amounting amounting $290,- August,

of of length length the the -mile -mile aforementioned aforementioned 4.7 budgeted budgeted 500. 500. the 1961 project, project, The The -62 -62 A A has has budget budget addi- Harbor other projects. These are the Harbor- Santa Monica Freeway interchange, 'being built at a cost of $320,000 in conjunction with a larger Santa Monica Freeway contract, and the Harbor-San Diego Freeway inter- change, being built at a cost of $780,- 000 in conjunction with a larger San Diego Freeway contract. A major project under construction on the Harbor Freeway proper is in progress from 208th Street to Pacific Coast Highway, a distance of 4.7 miles. It specifies 6- and 8-lane free- way, with bridge widening at Pacific Coast Highway, 2 pedestrian over- crossings and 10 bridge structures. Work started on December 22, 1960. Under way now is the placing of re- inforced concrete box structures and large drainage pipes, along with bridge, pedestrian overcrossing and retaining wall work. Target date for the completion of this section of the Harbor Freeway is May, 1962. Certain minor projects have been completed in 1960 on the Harbor Long Beach-San Bernardino Freeway inferchange looking westerly. Freeway, among them a landscaping job from Athens Boulevard to 88th Place, 2.5 miles, April 4, $178,000; about 11 miles. Its extension north to crossing and pedestrian undercrossings September 26, $142,000; and median junction with the Golden State Free- at Morrison and Otsego Streets. barrier from 120th Street to 190th way near Wentworth Street will ulti- Northerly of present construction Street, 4.4 miles, November 1, $75,000. mately measure 17.3 miles in all. The at Chandler Boulevard the Hollywood On March 9, 1961 bids were opened first contract on the Hollywood Free- Freeway is under design to its termi- for landscaping of 4.4 miles of the way was completed in the Cahuenga nus at the Golden State Freeway, Pass area in 1940 and the last major Harbor Freeway between 120th and One of the first median barrier in- contract, a widening project between 190th Streets. This job is now in stallations was on the Hollywood Highland Avenue and Lankershim progress. A lighting and signing job Freeway on portions as far west of Boulevard, was completed in 1958. from 6th Street to the 4-level structure the Civic Center as Benton Way (in- was awarded on January 31, 1961, at The importance of this route as a cluding some mileage on the Santa a bid figure of $68,900 from 1960-61 vital connector between Los Angeles Ana Freeway), completed on May funds, and is tentatively scheduled for and the San Fernando Valley is evi- 11, 1960 at a cost of $143,000. During completion in May, 1961. denced by the universal acceptance it the same year a $68,000 landscaping The 1961-62 budget allocated $645,- has gained from the traveling public. contract was completed between 000 for median barrier on the Harbor Westerly of the 4-level structure 200,- Moorpark and Kling Streets. The Freeway from 120th Street to the 4- 000 motor vehicles use this freeway 1961-62 budget, as supplemented in level structure (including a portion of daily. January, 1961 by the California High- the Santa Ana Freeway), a total dis- The total cost of the Hollywood way Commission, has a $418,000 allo- tance of 15.7 miles. Construction Freeway,including projects completed cation for 6.3 miles of additional me- should begin on this project sometime and minor contracts under way, is dian barrier from Benton Way to the in the summer of 1961. $68,971,000 for right of way and con- Ventura Freeway interchange. structian. Hollywood Freeway On March 9, 1961 bids were opened Imperial-Yorba Linda Freeway An important section of the Holly- on the Hollywood Freeway Extension The Imperial Freeway (Route 176) wood Freeway (Routes 2 and 159) between Vineland Avenue and Chand- is now part of the California freeway- has been completed and open to traffic ler Boulevard, 1.7-miles, from $3,000,- expressway network as signed into for a number of years, from Spring 000 available in the 1960-61 budget. law under Senate Bill 480, by Gover- Street in the Los Angeles Civic Center This project provides for such struc- nor Edmund G. Brown on June 19, to the Ventura Freeway interchange tures as the Tujunga Avenue Under- 1959, which added six miles to the in North Hollywood, a distance of crossing, Magnolia Boulevard Under- route from La Habra Road (State

March-April 1961 11 Sign Route 39) in Orange County to Construction of a reinforced con- future and $1,226,500 has already been the Santa Ana Freeway near Norwalk crete box storm drain and appurte- expended for rights of way. The in Los Angeles County. From La nant drainage structures for the Los Ocean Boulevard bridge provides Habra Road southeasterly to the Riv- Angeles County Flood Control Dis- overpass structures for the freeway, erside Freeway beyond Yorba Linda trict has been completed. The storm including future connections for on the route is known locally as the drain extends 1.6 miles and ranges in and off ramps. It also provides for Yorba Linda Freeway. It is on the dimensions from 9%z x 9%z feet to separation of grade for terminus ex- existing freeway-expressway system. 13 %z x 10 %Z feet. Also completed, is tension at Ocean Boulevard connec- General plans for construction of the construction of sanitary sewers, tions. This bridge, built at a cost of two lanes of an ultimate 2.3 mile, including a main for the City of Mon- $7,715,000, was completed and opened 4-lane freeway from Yorba Linda terey Park. to trafric in August, 1959. It connects Boulevard to the Riverside Freeway Work on the east connector over- the central business district with the were discussed at a public meeting crossing at the San Bernardino Free- harbor area. held by the District on February 23, way Interchange is rapidly nearing Marina Freeway 1961. Initial construction on the Yorba completion, this being the last of 13 The Marina Freeway (Route 60 Linda Freeway is financed to the ex- structures to be built on this contract. and 221) between Pacific Coast High- tent of $1,360,000 in the 1961-62 fiscal Upon its completion in the spring way and Sepulveda Boulevard in the year. of 1961, this new link of the Long Culver City-West Los Angeles area, Laguna Freeway Beach Freeway will serve to reduce 3.9 miles, was adopted by the Califor- congestion in the metropolitan Los The Laguna Freeway (Route 185) nia Highway Commission in Decem- Angeles area by providing a more ber, Preliminary design been extends 8.4 miles from the. City of La- 1959. has direct route between the San Gabriel expedited guna Beach to the Santa Ana Free- so as to cooperate with the Valley communities and the cities way. U.S. Corps of Engineers in its pro- located between Los. Angeles and gram for construction of the Cen- In 1958 the northerly two miles Long Beach. tinela Creek Flood Control Channel, were .improved to expressway stand- A functional planting project was which is scheduled to start in the ards in conjunction with construction awarded on November 29, 1960 spring of 1961. The Centinela Creek on the Santa Ana Freeway. In this im- covering 7.2 miles and almost 86 acres Channel, between Jefferson Boulevard provement two lanes of the proposed of the Long Beach Freeway between and McConnell Street, a distance of 4-lane freeway were constructed. Pacific Coast Highway in Long Beach 1.5 miles, is immediately adjacent to Preliminary design studies are now and East 26th Street near Vernon. the Marina Freeway. Alignment of under ~vay for the remainder of this The bid figure on this job is $74,000 the common boundary has been freeway. At its southerly end near and landscaping will be completed in agreed upon. Canyon Acres Drive the freeway will the summer of 1961. The Los Angeles County Flood connect to an existing expressway. Senate Bi11480 established a 1.7-mile Control District is responsible for ac- extension of the Long Beach Freeway quisition of rights of way for U.S. Long Beach Freeway from the City of Alhambra to near Flood Control projects. The Flood The Long Beach Freeway (State junction of the Foothill-Pasadena Control District and the State have Sign Route 15) from Pacific Coast Freeways. In conjunction with the entered into a cooperative agreement Highway in Long Beach to Hunting- north-south leg of the Foothill Free- whereby the State is acquiring those ton Drive in Los Angeles, is 21.5 way through the City of Pasadena, the parcels, portions of which will be miles long. It was officially opened Advance Planning section has under needed for both the Flood Control between Pacific Coast Highway and study that portion of the Long Beach project and the freeway. the Santa Ana Freeway on July 10, Freeway extension between Norwich 1958 and today represents an accumu- Avenue and the Colorado-Foothill Newport Freeway lated investment in going and com- Freeway. The Newport Freeway (State Sign pleted projects of $55,946,000 for The City of Long Beach has been Route 55) extends 17.7 miles from the both right of way and construction. a unique and substantial contributor Riverside Freeway to Pacific Coast The completed traversable section is to the development of the Long Beach Highway in Orange County. The 16.8 miles long and temporarily `ter- Freeway in the Long Beach area. route was adopted by the Highway minates at the Santa Ana Freeway, Utilizing the 5/8-cent gas tax reve- Commission on July 20, 1944, from from which point it is under con- nues, general public funds, tideland oil Pacific Coast Highway to Dyer Road, struction as far north as the San Ber- and harbor funds, the City of Long and on March 17, 1954, from Dyer nardino Freeway. Beach has financed construction of Road to the Riverside Freeway. The Long Beach Freeway extension several projects in connection with the A 1.9-mile expressway portion of northerly from the Santa Ana Free- Long Beach Freeway. the Newport Freeway was built from way to the San Bernardino Freeway The continuation of the freeway Pacific Coast Highway to 20th Street is scheduled for completion in May. south into the Long Beach Harbor in Costa Mesa in 1953. Also, a 2.7- Work began in February, 1959 with area on the west side of the river is mile project was completed on May a contract allotment of $6,651,500. planned by the City for the near 31, 1960, which constructed a front-

12 California Flighways and Public Works age road between 19th Street and Pal- isades Road in and near Costa Mesa. This frontage road will eventually ad- join the proposed 6-lane freeway, but currently is used for south-bound traffic to provide a 4-lane divided highway. A 4.2-mile project from Chapman Avenue to the Riverside Freeway has been under construction since Janu- ary 10, 1961, after award of contract on December 22, 1960. The estimated completion date of this $4,638,029 contract is February, 1962. Bids for a second project from Chapman Ave- nue south to connection with the Santa Ana Freeway were opened on March 16, 1961 from approximately X4,500,000 available in the 1960-61 fis- cal year. Construction on this link is now in progress. Contract plans are currently being prepared fora 5.4-mile section of the Newport Freeway from the Santa Ana Freeway south to Palisades Road. This construction awaits future fi- nancing. Ojai Freeway The Ojai Freeway (U. S. 399) ex- Looking south along Santa Ana Freeway at Long Beach Freeway interchange. While areas indicate tends 6 miles from Pacific Coast High- added lanes on Santa Ana Freeway. way in the City of Ventura to Foster Park in Ventura County. A small seg- ment of the Ojai Freeway from the Pacific Coast Highway to Prospect Street is under construction in con- junction with a $6,506,432 contract on the Ventura Freeway. The District held a public meeting on September 1, 1960 relative to route location studies for the Ojai Freeway from Foster Parlc north to Gorham Road east of the City of Ojai, ranged between $10,000,000 and $14,000,000 for construction, and between ~2,- 000,000 and $7,500,000 for rights of way. At the request of the City of Ojai and the County of Ventura, the in- formation regarding Ojai Freeway studies was deferred for a period of six months before submission to the California Highway Commission. A report has been returned by the spe- cial committee appointed by the County and the City of Ojai Council requesting that a freeway route be adopted alongside the Ventura River to its junction with Maricopa High- way northwest of Ojai. The District San Bernardino Freeway looking epsterly at EI Monte and the Baldwin Avenue interchange. The white has this proposal under advisement. areas in median are the newly constructed concrete pavement widening.

March-April 1961 ~ 3 and the State Division of Small Craft Harbors, an attempt is being made to develop a cooperative plan for recre- ational and highway purposes. The Department of Water Resources has requested a study by the U. S. Corps of Engineers of the beach erosion problems in this area. Also under study is that area be- tween the Santa Monica Freeway and the Marina Freeway. It is anticipated that a public meeting on this route will be held shortly. In conjunction with the studies in the Los Angeles International Airport area, that portion of the Pacific Coast Freeway between the Marina Freeway and Imperial Highway is being investi- gated in order to provide good ve- hicular circulation in connection with the expansion of the airport. In conjunction with the studies on the Garden Grove Freeway, the Ad- vance Planning section is actively engaged in the replacement of the Looking north along relocated Lakewood Boulevard at Long Beach Municipal Airporf. Construction in existing Pacific Coast Highway as a foreground is San Diego Freeway. freeway between the Garden Grove Freeway and the Harbor Freeway in Orange Freeway cost of $2,413,000. A recent addition the vicinity of the City of Long The Orange Freeway (Route 19) has been in the form of a short seg- Beach and the communities of Wil- has been adopted (1956) for a distance ment, 0.7-mile, completed an Decem- mington and San Pedro. of 16.6 miles from the Santa Ana ber 1, 1960 between the San Diego Also under active planning is that Freeway near Orange in Orange Freeway and Serra Junction near San portion of the Pacific Coast Freeway County to the Pomona Freeway in Juan Capistrano in Orange County. from its junction at the San Gabriel Los Angeles County. Provision for in- This $117,000 connection was built River Freeway Extension to the San terchange facilities for the Orange together with a major San Diego Free- Diego Freeway near San Clemente. Freeway with the Garden Grove and way contract between Capistrano Project report studies have been Santa Ana Freeways is included in a Beach and San Clemente. Another 4.5- completed for conversion of the ex- $7,000,000 construction project in the mile link in the Pacific Coast Freeway isting 3-lane and 4-lane Pacific Coast 1961-62 budget, which is scheduled was adopted (1955) in Orange County, Highway to an ultimate 8-lane free- for bid advertising late in 1961. between Huntington Beach and New- way for 22.3 miles between Malibu Plan preparation is under way for port Beach. and Point Mugu. Studies have co~n- the remainder of this freeway and The District expects to hold a pub- sidered improvement along the exist- construction will be financed when lic meeting on that portion of the ing route, which is generally adjacent funds are available. Expenditures to- Pacific Coast Freeway between the to the Pacific Ocean as well as im- taling $1,816,000 on the Orange Free- present junction of Pacific Coast provement on a new location inland, way, to date, have been exclusively Freeway with Sth Street (Route 15 3) wherever feasible. A public meeting for right of way. and the Ventura Free`vay in the will be held soon to discuss this $35,- spring. This is the so-called "Oxnard 000,000 improvement. Pacific Coast Freeway Bypass." A 4.5-mile length of the existing The Pacific Coast Freeway (U.S. A little later, the District expects to Pacific Coast Highway between Beach 101 Alternate) is an adopted route proceed with a public meeting on that Boulevard in Huntington Beach and from the City of Oxnard in Ventura portion of the Pacific Coast Freeway Newport Avenue (Route 43) in New- County to the Los Angeles County Uetween Calleguas Creek and Malibu port Beach was adopted by the Cali- line near Mulholland Highway, a dis- Beach. Studies are also underway be- fornia Highway Commission as a por- tance of 18.1 miles. tween Malibu Creek and the City of tion of Pacific Coast Freeway in 1955. Of this mileage 7.2 miles between Santa 1`✓Ionica. Preliminary design studies are now the City of Oxnard and Calleguas In cooperation with the State De- in progress and right of way negotia- Creek was completed to full freeway partment of Natural Resources, the tions are under way for the portion standards on November 15, 1957, at a State Division of Beaches and Parks between Beach Boulevard and the

14 California Highways and Public Works . Plans are based on an ultimate 8-lane freeway.

Pasadena Freeway The Pasadena Freeway is 8.2 miles long, extending from the 4-level struc- ture in to Glenarm Street in the City of Pasa- dena. The first unit, a 6-lane freeway, was completed and opened to traffic on December 30, 1940. The last unit of construction on this freeway was completed and opened to traffic on September 22, 1953. The total invest- ment in rights of way and construc- tion on the Pasadena Freeway to date, including going contracts, amounts to $12,218,000. On December 29, 1960 at 10:00 a.m., the Division of Highways joined with commemoration sponsors in 20th anniversary ceremonies marking the completion of the Arroyo Seco-Pasa- dena Freeway. A project is under way on the Pasa- dena Freeway between Bishops Road and Avenue 40 in conjunction tivith the Pasadena-Golden State Freeway interchange. This $410,000 job is Looking north along completed San Diego Fwy. toward Dana Point, fop, left. In foreground is connection scheduled for completion with the at Serra Junction to existing Pacific Coast Highway. larger Golden State Freeway project between Pasadena Avenue and Arnold Street in January, 1962. Also under contract over portions of the route, is median barrier construction. Bids on this project were opened on March 16, 1961 from $365,000 available in 1960-61 State Highway funds. The 1960-61 budget also has $200,000 avail- able for improved lighting of 4 exist- ing located between Bishops Road and the Los Angeles River on the Pasadena Freeway. Bids will be opened April 13 for this work. Design is in progress on improve- ment of access facilities to the Ely- sian Park area. The new $16,000,000 scheduled for com- pletion in 1962 in Chavez Ravine, the proposed World Zoo, new playground and recreational facilities, will gener- ate traffic volumes greater than e~st- ing ramps can handle. A cooperative agreement with the City of Los An- geles is being processed to cover the cost of these improvements. (For a history of the Pasadena Freeway see A. D. Griffin's article ARROYO

SECO in the January-February 1961 Looking north along newly completed portion of San Diego Freeway in San Clemente.

March-April 1961 15 Looking westerly along Sanfa Monica Freeway construction from Santa Fe Avenue near Los Angeles River. issue of Calif arnia Highways and Pub- the junction of the Pomona Freeway Street and the Newport Freeway to a lic Works.) and Brea Canyon Road (Route 19) to 6-lane freeway. Pomona Freeway the Corona Freeway. Plans are being completed for a This 1961-62 State Highway Budget landscaping The adopted portion of the Pomona project on the Riverside contains $8,8Q0,000 for continued Freeway, 2.1 Freeway extends easterly from the miles, between Lemon right of way acquisition on the Po- Street and Placentia Avenue. Funds in East Los Angeles Interchange, now mona Freeway. the amount of $64,000 are provided in under construction, to a junction with the 1961-62 budget. the Corona Freeway at the southerly Riverside Freeway The total construction and right of limits of the City of Pomona for a The District VII portion of River- way costs on the Riverside Freeway total length of 30.6 miles. It will cost side Freeway is 19.1 miles long, ex- amount to $15,844,000 to date. an estimated $58,500,000 for construc- tending from the Santa Ana Freeway The District held a public meeting tion, including rights of way. near Buena Parlc to the Riverside on December 1, 1960 on the milting When completed, this section of County line in Orange County. of a portion of the Riverside Frye«gay the Pomona Freeway, in conjunction Completed in January, 1960 was the from its junction at Santa Ana Canyon with the Santa Monica Freeway, will 2.2-mile freeway section between to the Riverside County line, end provide a major east-west route from Spadra Road and Placentia Avenue at presented the facts on this meeting to the Pacific Coast Highway, through a cost of $2,680,000. A landscaping the California Highway Commission the metropolitan Los Angeles area, to project costing $82,000 between Mag- in February. Pomona. It will greatly relieve high nolia Avenue and Lemon Street, 3.3 density traffic pressures on the present miles, was completed in November, San Bernardino Freeway operating east-west routes in the Dis- 1960. The District VII portion of San trict. The westerly 5.7 miles are now Bernardino Freeway extends 3t).6 Adoption of the aforementioned constructed to full freeway standards miles from the Santa Ana Freeway sections of the Pomona Freeway was and the remainder to expressway near Los Angeles River to the San completed by the California Highway standards.. Plans are being developed Bernardino County line in Claremont Commission on June Z 3, 1960 with the for the conversion of 4.1 miles of 4- and is completed throughout. Projects adoption of the easterly section from lane expressway between Cypress under contract and those previously

16 California Highways and Public Works completed represent a total expeiidi- pile footings adjacent to the freeway structed at a cost of X44,000. These ture of $60,785,000 to date. A series of shoulders. Hinge assemblies connect- costs include cleaning and painting widening jobs will increase the Carr}>- ing the girders were installed over the original structural steel. ing capacity of this important cast- the old bents where the structure was Bids for a second widening con- west route by adding a lane inbound simply supported originally. Stiffeners tract between Rosemead Boulevard and outbound, giving increased trafTic were installed and abutment tie- and Puente Avenue were opened on service on 6 and 8-lane sections. downs constructed. The superstruc- April 28, 1960. The low bid was $1,- Widening work started on the most ture was jacked up %-inch uniformly 148,488 covering a distance of 6.5 westerly section of the San Bernar- at the old bents and the new bents miles. dino Freeway between Eastern Ave- raised to full bearing by adjusting an- The work on this contract con- nue and Rosemead Boulevard on July chor bolts at the bottom of the bents. sisted of addition of two 12-foot lanes 11, 1960, under $1,920,100 contract. Grout pads were placed under the in the existing median area, with 8- Work to date on the 5.4-mile job has bent grillage systems and the old bear- foot median shoulders. For the por- consisted primarily of widening or ing assemblies removed. The super- tion between Rio Hondo Bridge and altering 17 bridges on the project. structure was then lowered onto the Puente Avenue, a distance of approxi- Reconstruction design and con- new bents and the old bents were mately 5 miles, a chain link median struction methods and procedures per- removed. barrier was installed. mitted the continuous use of the San Cost of reconstructing the three To provide for this additional lane, Bernardino Freeway and the over- pedestrian overcrossings was approxi- 11 bridges had to be widened, a 550- crossings with the exception of the Al- mately $37,500, an average of $12,500 foot cantilever retaining wall had to mansor Avemae overcrossing which for each structure. The Almansor be constructed, and revisions made to was closed to vehicular traffic for a Avenue overcrossing was recon- the median drainage system. period of three weeks. The original pedestrian overcross- ings consisted of welded steel girder superstructures continuous over rein- forced concrete piers with the center spans hinged. Two of the original piers at each structure were located in areas of the new freeway lanes. Reconstruction consisted of con- structing 4 reinforced concrete piers (only 3 new piers were required at the Campbell Avenue pedestrian over- crossing) adjacent to the freeway shoulders. Bearing stiffeners were in- stalled at new pier locations and tie- downs constructed as required. The superstructure was jacked up 11/2 inches uniformly at the old piers to permit installation of the bearing as- semblies at the new piers. The struc- ture was then lowered onto the old piers. The new bearing assemblies were raised to full bearing and grout pads placed. The superstructure was again jacked up at the old piers to per- mit removal of the old bearing as- semblies. The superstructure was then lowered onto the new piers and the old piers were removed. The Almansor Avenue overcrossing consisted of 3 welded steel girder spans with a reinforced concrete deck slab simply supported on reinforced concrete abutments and bents. These bents were located in areas of the new freeway lanes. Reconstruction consisted of con- Looking westerly ,along Santa Monica Freeway (from Los Angeles River) at construction in progress; structing 4 steel bents on concrete foreground, part of Easf Los Angeles interchange.

March-April 1961 17 One of the major segments of work Long Beach Freeway, are nearing 1957 at a cost of $4,641,000; on Feb- under the contract was the revision of completion. Also, plans are presently ruary 19, 1959, 3.5 miles were added the existing freeway signing to con- being prepared for widening to 8 between Ohio Avenue and Venice form to Federal Interstate standards. lanes between Holt Avenue and San Boulevard at a cost of $6,440,000, and Approximately 20% of the bid quan- Dimas Avenue. This is the Kellogg on July 14, 1960 a 1.8-mile section tity was concerned with signing Hill portion of the San Bernardino was completed from Venice Boule- items. Freeway. vard to Jefferson Boulevard at a con- While this contract could be con- The 1961-62 budget contains $115,- struction cost of $5,371,000. sidered aroutine widening contract 000 for median barrier construction Additional mileage on the San it was noted that the existing con- for 2 miles of freeway between Ever- Diego Freeway has been constructed crete pavement had a longitudinal green Avenue in Los Angeles to just in Orange County since early 1958, keyway which locked it to the new east of the Long Beach Freeway in when the first unit of 1.6 miles was slab. Since traffic was running on the Monterey Park; and $310,000 for me- completed at a cost of $665,000 from existing pavement immediately adja- dian barrier construction for 9.5 miles a junction with the Santa Ana Free- cent to this ne~v slab, it was believed of freeway between Arroyo Avenue way near El Toro Marine Corps Air that random cracking in the new lane in West Covina to Puente Avenue in Station to Niguel Road. On Septem- would be a serious problem. Adding Baldwin Park (this will connect with ber 22, 1959, a 7.5-mile section cost- further emphasis to the possibility of median barrier installation under wid- ing $4,218,000 was completed from random cracking was the fact that at ening contract west of Puente Ave- Niguel Road to Trabuco Creek, where least 90% of the e~sting joints were nue). it joins another 3.7-mile section working joints. For a solution to this Landscaping plans for 1961 call for through San Juan Capistrano com- problem the use of a formed weak- planting at the Orange Avenue and pleted on December 24, 1958, under ened plane joint was decided upon. Pacific Avenue, and Sunset Avenue $4,081,000 contract. Another San The use of masonite strips con- and Irwindale Avenue interchanges in Diego Freeway project through San forming to the requirements of the West Covina ($65,000 in the 1961-62 Clemente to the San Diego County 1454 Standard Specifications, in lieu budget) and Long Beach Freeway to line, 1.8 miles, was completed on Oc- of sawing the transverse joints, proved Westcott Avenue in Bald~~~in Park tober 20, 1958, at a cost of $2,413,000. very satisfactory as no random ($375,000 in the 1961-62 budget). On December 1, 1960 a connecting cracks have developed. link was completed between San Juan The most easterly widening job on San Diego Freeway Capistrano and San Clemente, adding the San Bernardino Freeway, between In District VII the San Diego Free- 5.8 miles of freeway at a construction San Dimas Avenue and the San Ber- way extends from the San Diego cost of $6,358,000. nardino County line, 5.7 miles, was County line near San Clemente to the Some of the minor San Diego Free- completed on December 21, 1960 at a Golden State Freeway near the San way projects completed during 1960 construction cost of $970,000. Other Fernando Reservoir, a total length of are as follows: landscaping, Burbank projects completed on this freeway 94.5 miles. Portions of this Interstate Boulevard to Ventura Boulevard, during 1960 include realignment be- route are constructed, under construc- April 26, $95,000; landscaping, Wil- tween Macy and Fickett Streets tion or budgeted for construction shire Boulevard to Matteson Avenue, (built together with the interchange and on other sections of the route April 28, $164,000; and bridge and ap- with the Golden State Freeway), 1.1 right of way is being acquired and proaches, Willow Street to Lakewood miles at a cost of $3,044,000 on March freeway design is in progress. As of Boulevard, March 14, $154,000. 30; the Hoyt Avenue off-ramp in El December 31, 1960, $173,566,000 had Bids were opened on January 5, Monte. at a cost of $145,000 on April been committed for right of way and 1961 on a grading only project for 18; landscaping between Westcott construction on going and completed the San Diego Freeway from junction Avenue and West Covina, 2.3 miles projects on the San Diego Freeway. with the Golden State Freeway in the covering 23.3 acres, on November 30. This freeway was completed and north San Fernando Valley to Nord- An undercrossing on the San Ber- opened to traffic from Burbank Bou- hoff Street, a distance of about 4 miles. nardino Freeway in the Covina area levard to Valley Vista Street in San This project is part of a $12,625,800 is in progress at errand Avenue, at a Fernando Valley (along with a por- contract on the Golden State Free- contract price of $664,000 with an tion of the Ventura Freeway), a dis- way scheduled for completion in estimated completion date of Febru- tance of 1.2 miles, on July 3, 1958, March, 1963. A future contract will ary, 1962. This contract includes con- at a construction cost of $2,800,000; be let for structures and paving. struction of Grand Avenue, Federal was relocated and An adjoining contract in the amount Aid Secondary Route 860, between a bridge built across the future San of $17,224,700 was awarded on July Rowland Avenue and Toni Drive, Diego Freeway in the Santa Monica 25, 1960, for a distance of almost 12 and is being financed jointly by the Mountains on April 1, 1960 at a cost miles, between Nordhoff Street and State and the County of Los Angeles. of $1,824,000; on the West Los An- Casiano Road in West Los Angeles, Studies covering widening of the geles side of the Santa Monica Moun- with grading only for that portion of freeway from 6 to 8 lanes between tains, 2 miles were added between the freeway between Nordhoff Street the Golden State Freeway and the Casian~ load and Qhio Avenue in and Burbank Boulevard (6.2 miles).

1$ California Highways and Public Works Construction to full freeway standards of the 5.6-mile link through the will close the gap between Casiano Road, the present terminus of the San Diego Freeway, and Valley Vista Street in the San Fernando Valley. The portion between Casiano Road and Mulholland Drive is located in the same narrow pass containing e~sting Sepulveda Boulevard. In order to avoid interference with traffic using Sepulveda Boulevard, stage work was included in the contract. Construction will get into full swing this summer, after completion of stage work. The estimated completion date for the en- tire contract is late 1962. Next construction on the San Diego Freeway is at Manchester Boulevard in the Inglewood area, where 3 bridge structures were completed on January 31, 1961 at a construction cost of $421,400. On December 28, 1960 a $1,633,000 contract was awarded for construction of roadways, bridge ap- proaches and 5 bridges between Man- chester Boulevard and Vesta Street, a distance of 0.5-mile. This project is tentatively set for completion in April, 1962. On March 9, 1961 bids were opened on a San Diego Freeway project in the Lawndale-Torrance area, between Hawthorne Boulevard (Route 164) and 174th Street, a dis- tance of 1.2 miles, for which $3,400,- 000 in 1961-62 State Highway funds Looking north along the San Diego Freeway construction area. Existing horseshoe curve on Sepulveda was provided. Boulevard, center, and relocated A4ulhalland Drive and bridge, foreground. A project from the 174th Street to 190th Street was awarded on Decem- June, 1962. Storm drain construction Beach and Signal Hill. The $1,3 50,400, ber 23, 1960 for the low bid of $6,668,- and imported borrow operations are 0.7-mile job is tentatively scheduled 846. The estimated completion date of now in progress. for January, 1962 completion and con- this 3.4mile segment is summer of From Alameda Street to the Long sists of the construction of the Spring 1962. Beach Freeway another construction Street overcrossing bridge and ap- Work started on July 17, 1960 on contract is in progress for a distance proaches, retaining wall, pumping the San Diego Freeway (and a seg- of 1.3 miles. The $5,134,400 contract plant, storm drains and sanitary sewer ment of the Harbor Freeway between was awarded on April 20, 1960. Com- relocation work and will provide for 190th Street and 208th Street) be- pletion is anticipated by December, moving roadway excavation material tween 190th Street and Carson Street, 1961. The project will have 10 major through the cities of Long Beach and a distance of approximately 3 miles, structures and provide the interchange Signal Hill at separated grade in future under an $8,120,000 contract. Plans between the San Diego Freeway and roadway contracts. A recent alloca- call for 17 bridges on this job. May, the Long Beach Freeway. Major con- tian by the California Highway Co~m- 1962 is the target date for completion struction items include 2,300,000 tons mission adds another $3,700,000 to the of this project. of imported borrow, 16,000 cubic 1961-62 budget for separation struc- A connecting job is that from Car- yards of structure concrete, 74 pre- tures and approaches east to Stude- son Street to Alameda Street, 1.9 cast, prestressed concrete girders and baker Road. miles, awarded in the sum of $4,321,- 101 precast, prestressed deck units. Bids were opened on March 23, 900 on December 13, 1960. The esti- Worlc started December 8, 1960 on 1961 on a landscaping contract on mated completion date of this freeway a project between Lakewood Boule- the San Diego Freeway between Ven- unit, which will have 3 bridges, is vard and Cherry Avenue in Long ice and Jefferson Boulevards in West

March-April 1961 19

20 20 California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

$10,000,000 $10,000,000 tional tional allocation allocation fiscal for for thorpe thorpe Avenue, Avenue, 2.3 2.3 covering covering 23 miles miles Works, Works, January - February, February, 1961.)

entire entire the the out out length, length, with with an an addi- tween tween tions, tions, Coyote Coyote California California Highways Highways and and Creek Creek Orange- and and Public

acquisition acquisition progress progress way way through-

is is in in Himelhoch, Himelhoch, District District and and Engineer— Opera- a a $99,100 $99,100 landscaping landscaping project project be-

by by Angeles Angeles

Los Los County. County. Right Right

of

"Loop "Loop article article Progress," Progress," by by A. A. L. duled duled for for completion completion in in

July, July,

1961;

executed executed

these these

all all of of cities cities by by also

and and

Monica Monica Freeway Freeway construction construction see 5.5 5.5 Ana, Ana, miles miles 3 3 covering covering 2 2 acres, acres, sche-

Freeway Freeway Beach. Beach. agreements agreements have have

been

nue nue is is fall fall (For (For 1962. 1962. details details on on Santa thorpe thorpe 2.3 2.3 Avenue, Avenue, miles miles covering covering 23

Industry, Industry, Baldwin Baldwin Long

and and Park Park

Freeway Freeway as as far far west west Vermont Vermont as as Ave- landscaping landscaping project project between between

Orange-

Norwalk, Norwalk, Santa Santa Springs, Springs, Downey,

Fe Fe

completion completion for for of of the the Santa Santa Monica Current Current contracts contracts include include a a

$172,500

tions tions of of cities cities Valley, Dairy Dairy the the of of cost cost $37,166,000. $37,166,000. of of

The The target target

date

Beach Beach Long Long Freeway.

freeway freeway through through passes passes This This por- representing representing a a

combined combined

construction

distance distance traffic traffic for for

to to and and from from

the

covering covering 4.9 4.9 a a distance distance

streets. miles miles of of

and

width width provide provide will will increased increased

merging

under under construction construction

(mainly (mainly

major major roads roads

with with

city viaduct) and,, and,, county county

cost cost at at of of a a $485,000. $485,000.

The The

additional

Interchange Interchange to to Vermont Avenue

Bernardino Bernardino San San

Freeways Freeways as as as well well is is all

and and completed completed

on on February February

21, 21,

1961

section section from from the the Los Los East East

Garden Garden Grove, Grove, Artesia, Artesia,

Pomona Pomona Angeles

and

vard vard was was awarded awarded

on on

June June

20, 20,

1960,

035,000 035,000 as as of of December December 31, 31, 1960. 1960.

the the

Diego, Diego, and and San San way way The Ana, Santa Santa

Beach Beach Freeway Freeway

and and

Atlantic Atlantic

Boule-

Monica Monica Freeway Freeway amounted amounted

provided provided 106,- between between

to to be be

~ ~ will will free- this this

0.7 lanes, lanes, -mile, -mile,

between between

the the

Long

right right of of way way on on costs costs Santa Interchange Interchange

the the

facilities County. County. geles geles

Freeway Freeway Ana Ana

from from

six six

lanes lanes to to eight

Going Going and and completed completed projects projects Bernardino Bernardino

Freeway Freeway

and in in An- Los Los San San

A A contract contract for for widening widening the the Santa

County County Freeway Freeway to to the Orange Orange in in Harbor Harbor Freeway.

nue, nue, February February

1, 1, $1 5,000.

Garden Garden extending extending Grove the the from from cific cific Railways Railways and and bridges bridges across across

the

a a

pedestrian pedestrian

ramp ramp at at

Florence Florence

Ave-

Gabriel Gabriel River River the the Freeway of of San San Topeka -Santa -Santa and and Fe Fe the the Union Union

Pa-

son son Avenue, Avenue, August August 5, 5,

$18,000; $18,000;

and

preparation preparation for for 22.6 22.6 entire entire the the miles Angeles Angeles and and River River the the Atchison-

lighting lighting

at at Telegraph Telegraph

Road Road and and Slau-

plans plans Construction Construction now now are are in including including a a bridge bridge across across

the the Los

May May

11, 11,

$200,000; $200,000;

ramp ramp

revision revision

and

downtown downtown area area 1957 in in the the years years -59,

Freeway

River River Gabriel Gabriel San San Freeway) Freeway)

and and

Lakewood Lakewood

Boulevard,

route route had had been been completed completed in in the

tween tween

Benton Benton Way Way

(Hollywood

trict's trict's

history.

Los Los East East Angeles. Angeles. Various Various of of parts parts this

construction construction

of of

median median barrier barrier

be-

construction construction

Dis- time time at at the the one one in in

Monica Monica Santa Santa to to the the Ana Ana Freeway Freeway in

Santa Santa

Ana Ana Freeway Freeway

in in

1960 1960 include

freeway freeway uous uous -lane -lane stretch stretch of of

8

under

from from Palisades Palisades Beach Beach Road Road in in Santa

Minor Minor

projects projects completed completed

on on the

will will longest longest provide provide the the contin- tract tract

Monica Monica Freeway Freeway measures measures

17.6 17.6 miles

cember cember 1960. 31, 31,

adjacent adjacent projects projects already already

con- under under An An

Interstate Interstate

route, route,

the the Santa

way way has has cost cost $74,308,000 $74,308,000

up up to to De- Combined, Combined, this this work work year. year. those and and

Santa Santa Monies Monies Freeway

contracts, contracts, going going the the Santa Santa Free- Ana Ana the the advertised advertised by by be be spring spring this of of

of of way way and and

construction, construction,

including

completed. completed. is is

anticipated anticipated It It that that it it will crans crans and and Avenues, Avenues, Grand Grand 8.7 8.7

miles.

service service for for

a a

number number of of

years. years.

right In In Jefferson Jefferson

and and Boulevard Boulevard

have have been Santa Santa the the Ana Ana Freeway Freeway

between between

Rose-

traffic traffic

throughout throughout and and has has

been been

in

Freeway Freeway Diego Diego between between

174th 174th Street $535,000 $535,000 in in the the 1961 -62 -62

fiscal fiscal year year

for

$1,495,000. $1,495,000. This This

freeway freeway is is open open

to Plans Plans

for for section section the the of of the the San A A median median barrier barrier project project is is

financed

Kearney Kearney Soto Soto and and Streets, Streets, at at a a cost cost of

000.

of of

east east Street. Main Main

1947, 1947,

1.5 on on a a -mile -mile section section between

of of Road Road Niguel Niguel

near near

El El $210,- Toro, Toro,

from from

Santa Santa the the Ana Ana Freeway Freeway to to just

Freeway Freeway was was completed completed in in February,

and and

4.3 4.3 000; 000; scales, scales, truck truck miles miles south

of of

tion tion the the

Garden Garden Grove Grove Freeway

struction struction

contract contract on on the the Santa Santa Ana

U. U. S. S.

101 101 Alternate, Alternate, 7.1 7.1 miles, miles, $152,-

Santa Santa

in in

Ana Ana to to and and 6 6 lanes lanes construc-

in in

Orange Orange County. County. The The first first con-

Allessandro Allessandro

in in Clemente Clemente San San to to near

the the Santa Santa

Ana Ana

River River

and and Main Main Street

the the San San Diego Diego Freeway Freeway near near El El Toro

$190,000; $190,000; miles, miles,

landscaping, landscaping, Avenida

of of

the the Santa Santa

Freeway Freeway Ana Ana

between

Los Los town town Angeles Angeles to to a a junction junction with

to to Road Road Jefferson Jefferson Boulevard, Boulevard, 7.2

project project

provides provides

for for the the

construction

43 43

miles miles from from Spring Spring Street Street in in down-

$8,000,000; $8,000,000;

median median barrier, barrier, Casiano Freeways Freeways

interchange. interchange.

Unit Unit

II II of of this

The The Santa Santa Freeway Freeway Ana Ana extends

Avenue Avenue in in fornia fornia Signal Signal 1.8 1.8 Hill, Hill, miles,

Santa Santa Ana, Ana, Orange Orange and and Garden Garden Grove

Santa Santa

Ana Ana Freeway

Freeway Freeway

near near

Beach Beach Long Long to to Cali- 700,000 700,000 for for the the construction construction of of the

southern southern

from from end); end); the the Long Long 1961. Beach The The 1961 -62 -62 budget budget $13,- contains contains

9, 9, March March 1961 1961 a a on on

project project under under

at at

construction construction the by by September, made made are are available.

x24,600,000 x24,600,000 were were (bids (bids

anticipated anticipated opened opened

on

that that this this project project

will will be

advertised advertised

for for bids bids

as as soon soon

as as

funds

Boulevard Boulevard to to 174th 174th Street, Street,

10 10 miles, the the San San

Gabriel Gabriel

River River

Freeway. Freeway.

It It is Santa Santa Ana Ana

River. River.

This This project project

will will

be

jobs jobs are are as as follows: follows: from from

Jefferson ing ing

and and Peck Peck

the the Road Road

interchange interchange

on miles miles

between between

South South Street Street

and and

the

year year in in District District VII. VII.

The The

financed

struction struction

the the

Peck Peck of of Road Road

overcross-

4 -lane -lane freeway freeway 6

to to -lane -lane

for for width width

3.8

Freeway Freeway the the jobs jobs in in 1961

fiscal -62 -62

existing existing route route

which which

will will

include include con- necessary necessary

construction construction

to to convert convert

the

State State Highway Highway funds funds on on

San San

Diego

struction struction

interim interim of of an an

project project on on the Plans Plans

are are

completed completed

being being

for for the

made made 1960 1960 ber, ber, heavy heavy

allocations allocations

of

includes includes

item item an an of of X800,000 X800,000

for for con- Creek, Creek, a a distance distance of of

some some

10.2 10.2

miles

The The Highway Highway Commission Commission

in in Octo- The The 1961 -62 -62 construction construction

budget Laguna Laguna Freeway Freeway the the to to Santiago

61 61 State State Highway Highway

budget. amount amount to to this this $16,867,000. freeway freeway 6 -lane -lane to to a a facility facility from

000 000 from from

funds funds available available in in the the 1960- Freeway Freeway are are Studies Studies of of (as (as progress progress in in December December for for 31, 31, 1960) widening

mile mile section section was was

financed financed by by $150,- expended expended the the on on San San Gabriel Gabriel River July, July, 1961.

Los Los Angeles Angeles

and and Culver Culver City. City. 1.8- The The

-62. -62. 1961 Right Right of of way way monies monies already scheduled scheduled acres, acres, for for completion completion in As a means of offering further free- County, to the Santa Barbara County June 30, $361,000; median barrier, way service to the westerly section of line. Sections of this route are con- to Sepul- metropolitan Los Angeles, work on structed, under construction or in de- veda Boulevard, July 15, $SS,000; and the Santa Monica Freeway west of the sign stages. Up to December 31, 1960 landscaping, Moorpark Street to Col- Harbor Freeway has also been ex- a total of $97,447,000 had been ex- fax Avenue, 0.9-mile, November 22, pedited. Special emphasis has been pended on this route for right of way $2 3,000. placed on completion of the section and construction on going and com- Preparation of contract plans and between the Harbor and San Diego pleted contracts. active construction continues on the Freeways with the section westerly to Two important Ventura Freeway Ventura Freeway between the Los the Pacific Coast Highway following links were completed in 1960, be- Angeles city limits and the Santa Bar- closely thereafter. The 1961-62 budget tween Laurel Canyon Boulevard and bara County line. A contract through includes $9,860,000 for structures and the San Diego Freeway and between the City of Ventura, 4.6 miles, was related work between Hoover Avenue Encino and Kelvin Avenues in the awarded for a bid price of $8,948,400 and the Pacific Coast Highway. San Fernando Valley, adding about 8 on February 24, 1960. This section, Plans for the Santa Monica Freeway miles to this route at a construction which calls far 10 bridges, 1 pumping as far west as the San Diego Freeway cost of $12,552,000. These two con- plant and 13 retaining walls, will have are scheduled for completion this year. tracts were opened simultaneously to 6 lanes (with provision for more) Plans for the remainder west of the traffic on April 5. from Telephone Road to Palm Street. San Diego Freeway should be com- Other completions on the Ventura With actual work having started on pleted early in 1962. An accelerated Freeway in 1960 are as follows: land- March 14, 1960, the estimated comple- right of way acquisition program will scaping, Sepulveda Boulevard (San tion date is March, 1962. Major quan- get under way on July 1, 1961, when Diego Freeway) to Encino Avenue, tities on the job are 2,300,000 cubic $18,700,000 in 1961-62 funds will be- 2.6 miles, March 10, $195,000; land- yards of imported borrow and 750,(300 come available for expenditure. scaping, Kelvin Avenue to the west cubic yards of roadway excavation. Santa Paula-Santa Clara city limits of Los Angeles, 3.5 miles, An adjoining project, totaling 4.2 River Freeway March 23, $36,000; landscaping, Ven- miles and including interchange struc- The Santa Paula-Santa Clara River tura Boulevard to Burbank Boulevard, tures with a short length of the Ojai Freeway (State Sign Route 126) is 1.2 miles, April 26, $40,000; ramps Freeway, was awarded on February adopted in two separated portions, be- and freeway widening, Colfax Ave- 14, 1961, at a low bid of $6,506,432. tween the Ventura Freeway and Or- nue to Laurel Canyon Boulevard, This connecting link of 4 and 6-lane. cutt Road in Ventura County and between the Ventura County line and the Golden State Freeway in Los An- geles County, for a distance of almost 20 miles. Plans for the first section of the Santa Paula-Santa Clara River Free- way from the Ventura Freeway to 0.1 mile east of Wells Road, 5.5 miles, have been completed, and it is antici- pated that bids will be received in the early summer of 1961. This project is budgeted for $3,600,000 in the 1961-62 fiscal year. Plans for the second section from 0.1 mile east of Wells Road to the east city limits of Santa Paula are near- ing completion. For the Santa Paula-Santa Clara River Freeway from the Ventura County line to the Golden State Free- way, right of way is being acquired in conjunction with a project pro- posed on the Golden State Freeway.

Ventura Freeway The Ventura Freeway is 75.6 miles long in District VII, extending from the Golden State Freeway in Los Angeles County, through Ventura Looking northerly of construction in progress on the Ventura Freeway in the City of Ventura.

March-April 1961 21

22 22 Highways Highways Works California California Public Public and and

tion tion to to full full page ...Continued ...Continued next next with with freeway freeway construction on on being being completed completed freeway 41ane 41ane fora fora

for for

one one bridges bridges traffic, traffic, vehicular vehicular a

plans plans prepared prepared for for converting converting this this Santa Santa sec- details details line line are Barbara Barbara County County

undercrossings undercrossings 4

equestrian equestrian and and

Right Right of of way way acquired acquired is is being being and Ventura Ventura of of to to

the the West West the River River

This This project project have have Freeway. Freeway. will will 6

intersecting intersecting

genes genes streets. Road, Road, $380,000. 1 1 mile, mile,

way) way) Ventura on on 2.2 2.2 the the miles miles and and

separations separations of of grades grades 1.7 1.7 at at principal miles, miles, the the Las Las and and $599,000; $599,000; at at Vir-

5 5 to to

lanes lanes southbound southbound road-

of of the the

at at grade grade with with resulting resulting Ventura Ventura needs needs for at at Freeway Freeway Road, Borchard Borchard

extension extension Street Street Colorado Colorado

(widening

has has created created a a conflict conflict

financed financed at at crossings for for

construction construction the the

the along along

of of the the State State holden holden to to Freeway Freeway the

from from

Los Los

Angeles Angeles to to mer mer Ventura. Ventura. of of 1961. 1961. interchanges interchanges This Similar Similar are and and includes includes 1.9 1.9 construction construction miles on on

1959 1959 the the count count for for with with the the construction construction entire entire the the to to start start sum- length in in Freeway Freeway State State Buena Buena Vista Vista to to Street

35% 35% 50% 50% to to increase increase nanced nanced $1, $1, 340,000 340,000 in in fiscal fiscal traffic traffic in in this this year over 915,600, 915,600, extends extends from from the the Golden

The The 1960 1960 traffic traffic July July count count Olsen Olsen shows shows far far as as a project project This This is is Road. Road. fi- 7, 7, vernber vernber 1960 1960 bid bid $3,- at at a a of of price price

a a marked marked this this degree degree increase increase Road Road in in park park 3) 3) traffic. (State (State Sign Sign Route Route as 2 2 The The first first contract, contract, awarded awarded No- on on

San San Fernando Fernando Valley Valley reconstruction reconstruction accelerated accelerated 3.5 3.5 of of to Moor- miles miles of of Park.

tions tions of of the the Ventura Ventura Freeway Freeway interchange interchange the the in in will will be be combined combined the with Freeway Freeway at at end end the the north north of of Griffith

in in traffic. traffic. Opening Opening of of the the last last Moorpark Moorpark two two At At Road, Road, construction construction sec- of tura tura to to Freeway Freeway Golden Golden the the State

plosive plosive with with a a corresponding corresponding increase cember cember 1960. 22, 22, that that contracts contracts will will connect connect the the Ven-

ent ent Ventura Ventura expressway expressway has has been been ex- Air Air Base Base nard nard was was awarded awarded De- Angeles Angeles on on the the Los Los area area as as well, well, with with two

Urban Urban development development along along the the pres- Posas Posas Road Road in in the the vicinity vicinity of of the the Ventura Ventura Ox- Freeway Freeway progress progress are are in in in

be be completed completed by by late late fall fall of of 1962. for for contract contract the the interchange interchange at at Las Major Major construction construction projects projects on on the

Street Street and and it it is is anticipated anticipated that that it it present present will crossings crossings at at grade. grade. A A $529,300 way way for for an an ultimate ultimate 6 6 lanes.

is is freeway freeway

being being built built of of west west of of Palm interchanges interchanges and and elimination elimination revised revised of on on alignment alignment with with right right of

*Official *Official name. (Cost (Cost in in $1,000)

Totals Totals

...... 713.4 414.6 340,489 101.5 45,155 57.1 184,485 477,763 1,045,694

Yorba Yorba Linda Linda

...... 3.1 176 ...... _......

......

549 549

Ventura

* * ...... 161,2 75.6 44.9 33,933 49.7 7,790 9.7

18,794 43,376

103,893

Slauson...... 241 0.6 ...... :......

Seaside...... 167 2.4 ...... :.....

1 514 514

Santa Santa Monica

*...... 60,173 17.6 ...... 5,510 ......

4.9

37,166 63,359

106,035

Santa Santa Clara Clara River...... 19.9 79 ......

,4 1,846 1,846

Santa Santa Ana Ana

...... 4,174,166 3143.1 43.1 54,071 ......

880 19,357

74,308

San San Gabriel Gabriel

River...... 170 22.6 ...... 190 ......

16,867

17,057

San San

Diego * * ...... 2,158 94.5 29.1 44,212 ......

14.7

46,919 87,785 176,916

San San

Bernardino

*...... 26 0630.6 30.6 39,034 ......

4,047

17,704 60,785

Riverside

* * ...... 175,43 19.1 5.7 6,448 3,940 13,4 ...... 5,676 15,844

Pomona * *

...... '174,19 48.8 ......

4,413

4,413

Padadena

* * ...... 165,205 8.4 10,794 8.2 ......

410 1,014

14,418

Pacific Pacific Coast Coast

...... 60 24.3 7.9 4,530 ...... :...... 10

4,809

5,349

Orange...... 19 16.6 ......

,1 1,816 1,816

Ojai Ojai

...... 138 4.7 6.0 1,360 0.9

376

696 0.4 1,554

3,984

Newport * *

...... 43 17.7 ...... 3.3 1,774 3.0 4,400

7,190

13,364

Marina...... 60 4.6 ......

40

40

Long Long

Beach * * 167 ...... 21.5 16.8 47,982 ...... :......

4.9

4,948 43,016

55,946

Laguna * *

...... 185 8.4 ...... 570

...... 138

708

Hollywood Hollywood

...... 2,159 10.9 17.3 33,924 ...... 41 35,046 68,971

Harbor Harbor ...... 165 44.6 17.7 44,480 ......

4.5 7,143 54,766

104,189

Golden Golden

State...... 4,161 73.2 46,241 11.3 43.6 6,901 15.9 46,004

67,435

146,581

Glendale * * ...... 164 3.2 4,914 1.1 ......

1.3

3,156 6,746 12,796

Garden Garden Grove *...... 179 15.4 ...... 1,566 ......

471

5,640 7,457

Foothill Foothill

...... 157,9,190 34.2 2,287 2.3 ......

4,846

5,133

Corona Corona

Del Del Mar...... 184 6.3 ...... 4.4 415

...... 68

483

Corona * *

...... 77 4.4 ...... 3.4 837

......

431

1,068

Colorado Colorado

...... 161 6,345 4.3 2.3 ......

4,475

8,600

Artesia Artesia

...... 175 18.9 828 ...... 4.9 4,344

......

5,474

8,444

Antelope Antelope Valley 23 *...... 54.6 ...... 60 0.3 450 .:..,..... 7,640 697 8,847

tame tame of of freeway No. miles Cost Miles Miles Cost cost Miles cost date

Route adopted Estimated way cost cost to

Total Right Right of obligated

Total

Freeway Expressway Freeway

Completed Completed projects construction Under Under

SiJMMARY SiJMMARY AS AS OF OF MARCH MARCH 1, 1, 1961

STATUS STATUS D @STI80C~' @STI80C~' OF OF a/II a/II FPdEEVi9AY FPdEEVi9AY PROJECTS MacDONALD DISTRICT VII—Continued RETIRES; O'~iER, AS~ILL PROMOTED 385-foot steel girder structure over Ernest M. MacDonald, Assistant ment in France in World War I. He the Los Angeles River. The estimated Chief Right of Way Agent in charge was wounded in action in the Argonne completion date for the entire project of appraisals for the California Divi- campaign and was awarded the Silver is April, 1962. sion of Highways, retired on May 2 Star and Purple Heart. On March 23, 1961 bids were after nearly 30 years of State service. He is a member of the American opened for that portion of the Ven- To succeed Mac- Society of Civil Engineers, the Ameri- tura Freeway from Buena Vista Donald,State High- can Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, Street west to connection with exist- way Engineer J. C. the American Right of Way Associa- ing Ventura Freeway at the Holly- Womack has an- tion, and the State Men's Club of Sac- wood Freeway interchange in Studio nounced the pro- ramento. City. This project is 2.9 miles long motion of Ray E. MacDonald and his wife, Dolores, and is financed $7,700,00 in the O'Bier of San Ber- live at 520 Woodland Drive, North 1961-62 fiscal year. The project will nardino, who has Sacramento. They have three daugh- have 14 bridges and 1 pedestrian cross- been in charge of ters, Mrs. David Ferguson of Colby, ing. Kansas, Mrs. highway right of William Neuffer of Minor projects in progress on the North Sacramento, E. M. MacDONALD way activities in the and Mrs. Oscar Ventura Freeway include the follow- _~` San Bernardino-Riverside County dis- Wiger of West Co- ing: median barrier, Hollywood Free- ~' trict since 1945. vina. way to Laurel Canyon Boulevard and O'Bier's successor as District Right ~ ~ O'Bier, who is Encino Avenue to Reseda Boulevard, of Way Agent is J. M. Asbill of San moving up to assist- 2.4 miles (bid opening held on March Bernardino, who has been O'Bier's as- ant Chief Right of 30, 1961, from $55,000 available in sistant in charge of administration. Way Agent, has 1961-62 funds); landscaping, Encino is MacDonald, as chief of the appraisal " ~` ~ "~! been an employee Avenue to Kelvin Avenue, 4.2 miles section of the Division's Right of Way s~x of the Division of covering 42 acres, $135,000, sched- Department since 1947, has been re- Highways since uled for completion in September, sponsible for the evaluation of hun- 1927, first in engi- 1961; and landscaping, at Ditch Road, J. M. ASBILL dreds of millions of dollars of property neering work and Calleguas Road, Pleasant Valley Road, for acquired by the State for freeway and the past 26 years in right of way. Dempsey Road and Wood Road, 10.2 He other purposes. rose through the ranks to head miles covering 10.4 acres, scheduled the District right of way unit He was born in Oakland and edu- in 1945. for completion in July, 1961. For all but one year cated in Berkeley. He was graduated of his more than 33 with the Division he has from the University of California at been in Future Ouf600k the San Bernardino District. Berkeley in 1920 after serving over- Today we have in operation a por- He was born and educated seas in World War I, and then worked in El tion of a true freeway system in a Campo, Texas, and worked as an appraiser for the Southern Pacific on geo- major metropolitan area. In 1961 we physical surveys for an Railroad from 1921 to 1926. He later oil company will still have only a portion, not before coming to California engaged in the real estate and insur- in 1927. many miles longer than in 1960. But Asbill, ~vho is being promoted ance business in Oakland. to by the latter part of 1962, with com- District Right of Way Agent, is also He entered State pletion of a substantial mileage of ma- a native of Texas. He joined the Cali- service in 1931 as a jor freeway projects now under con- fornia Division of Highways as Senior Engineering a time- strucrion, there will be an extended keeper in 1924, left State service to Aid and subse- system and a choice of freeway routes practice accounting in 1930, returned quently became an available to the motorist. in 1933, and has been in right of way Assistant Right of work in the San Bernardino In the meantime, orderly planning Way District Agent for the since 1943. for additional freeways to serve all Division of High- sections of the three-county area of ways inthe Los An- The State Division of Highways has District VII is continuing, while the geles area. In 1936 opened bids on a project covering Los Angeles Regional Transportation he transferred to RAY E. O'BIER grading and surfacing on State Sign Study continues as a basis for compre- the State Board of Equalization, where, Route 89 in Plumas County and con- hensive metropolitan planning on the as senior valuation engineer, he was struction of 6.5 miles of two-lane ac- part of the State, the cities and the in charge of land appraisals for utility cess controlled highway between two counties in the area. assessment throughout the State. He miles north of Canyon Dam and 1.3 returned to the Division of Highways miles north of Almanor Inn. Seven The sensible application of safe as its appraisal chief in 1947. bids were received. Low bidder was driving practices is the surest MacDonald served defense with the 363rd Baldwin Contracting Company, Inc., against motor vehicle (San Francisco's accidents of any own) Infantry Regi- Marysville, $536,701.80. type.

March-April 1961 23 ~ Parallel 2-lane Structure r I Co ~ d Corrects Tragic Deficiency

By GEORGE W. THOMSON, Resident Engineer

WiTx TxE open- ing of the South Scotia bridge over the Eel River on December 6, 1960, one more step was realized in the ulti- mate development of the Redwood Highway (U. S. 101) to freeway standards. The project consists of a new para- allel bridge with approach roadways 75 feet downstream from the existing Eel River bridge. The new bridge provides a 28 foot roadway for 2 lanes of southbound traffic while the existing bridge will continue in serv- ice providing one northbound lane. The project extends from 0.4 mile south to 0.2 mile north of South Sco- tia Bridge, approximately 3 miles south of the town of Scotia. The length of project is 0.72 miles. The existing South Scotia Bridge was constructed in 1916 under State Contract No. 166 by Mercer and Fraser, Contractors, for the bid amount of $120,407. It consists of two 304-foot.. through pin-connected steel truss spans over the river chan- nel, and reinforced concrete slab and girder approach spans, providing a minimum roadway width of 18 feet. With the increase in size, weight, and speed of trucks over the years, it became necessary to post the bridge; this was done in 1937, consist- Under view of the new parallel South Scotia Bridge (right) over the Eel River. Located some 75 feet downstream from the old bridge (left), which was built in 1916, the new bridge is 1,000 feet long and ing of "5 MPH on Bridge for Vehi- has two spans (each 304 feet long) of continuous steel deck truss construction over the river channel. cles over 5 Tons"—it was also signed "One Way for Trucks and ". pair of skid rails (corrugated metal The Eel River channel is about 600 In 1940, the original timber deck on plate section) were placed feet wide at this location. Flow varies the truss spans was replaced with a in 1952 on each side of the roadway, widely with season and run-off con- reinforced concrete deck, and the attached to the truss members at truck ditions. During the summer months structural steel floor system strength- load height. Although the old bridge the flow is only about 200 second- ened. is structurally adequate for legal feet but during the winter rainy sea- Some Structural Dameage loads, the speed restriction posting son it can be a different story. During On several occasions the truss mem- for northbound traffic over the old the disastrous December 1955 flood bers suffered structural damage, as bridge will remain in effect. Ulti- the maximum discharge was estimated the result of "tight squeezes" between mately the old bridge will be replaced at 200,000 second-feet. logging trucks and cars meeting on by a structure similar to the new The new bridge consists of a two the bridge. To protect the truss a bridge. span continuous steel deck truss over

24~ California Highways and Public Works the river channel (2 @ 304' 4"), under the direction of recently re- The Special Provisions for the con- matching the river spans of the exist- tired Bridge Engineer F. W.Panhorst. tract provided for a settlement period ing bridge with welded steel plate The roadwork consists of ap- at the south approach fill not to ex- girder approach spans (3 at each end proaches to the new bridge, transi- ceed 30 days before the driving of of truss, averaging 64 feet). The total tions to existing two lane facility, piles for the south abutment of the length of the bridge is 998' 9%i ". The frontage roads, creek channel align- bridge. For varying depths the sur- alignment is tangent and parallel to ment, and sacked concrete riprap face material at this location consists the old bridge, except for a short sec- bank protection for north end of south of silty sand mixed with forest debris, tion of curve to left at north end of approach embankment. such as old logs and decomposed vege- the bridge. The first approach span tation; cover Confraet Is Joint Venfure this is underlain by solid on the north end of the bridge is over material consisting of sand The contract was awarded to the &gravel the single track mainline of the graduating to shale. The joint venture firm of Erickson, Phil- area at one Northwestern Pacific Railroad, hence time was the ancient river channel. lips and Weisberg of Concord; and It the structure designation "Eel River Arthur B. Siri Inc. of Santa Rosa was found at the end of the 30 day Bridge and Overhead". for the bid amount of $984,227 on 1~1ay period, that the fill was still settling; 22, 1959. Work the height of the fill at this location is Welded Seefions started on the project on May 26. Erickson, Phillips & Weis- about 45'. The fill finally stabilized in The Warren type steel deck truss berg did the bridge work; Arthur B. about 75 days, with a total movement has 10 panels @ 30' 5" per span. All Siri Inc. handled the roadwork. of 3.6 feet. members are welded H sections. Chords are parallel; truss depth is 30' 0"; the 2 trusses are spaced @ 20' 0". A fixed bearing with 10" diameter pin is used at center pier; rocker as- semblies are used at end piers. Two types of structural steel were used for the truss: ASTM Specifica- tion A242 for main stress carrying members with an allowance tension stress of 27,000 to 22,000 p.s.i. de- pendent upon plate thickness—the lower value for plates over 1 %"; ASTM Specification A373 steel was used for all other members, with an allowable tension of 18,000 p.s.i. Both steels are suitable for _welding the built up members. 510,000 lbs, of A242, and 663,000 of A373 steel were required. All connections are made with %" high strength bolts. The re- inforced concrete deck is 6%" in thickness, and is supported by 5 stringers (27 WF @ 94) spaced @ 6' 6" per truss panel span. Floor beams and stringers are A-7 steel. Approach spans consist of 4 welded steel girders, 39" ~veb depth, spaced at 8`4" of A-7 steel. The Bridge substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments and piers on cast-in-place concrete and steel piling. The bridge is designed for H20- 516-44 and Alternate loading, in con- formance with American Association of State Highway Oiiicials Specifica- tions supplemented by Bridge Depart- ment specifications. It was designed by the Bridge Department of the Di- The new South vision of Highways at Sacramento Scotia paralleP bridge (rlghf) over the Eel River has a 28-foof roadway which earries two lanes of southbound traffic. Northbound trade will use the old bridge (left). March-April 1961 25

~6 ~6

Caitfornia Caitfornia Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

The The

average average tower tower

height height

was was 65'; 65';

the structural structural

steel steel is is

painted painted being being

with

length.

were were

used used

to to

erect erect the the

structural structural

steel.

to to

public public

trafric trafric

December December on on

The The

The 6. 6. adopted adopted

route route 16.5 16.5

miles miles is is in

60' 60'

(even (even nurnb~ red red truss truss panel panel

points)

ber ber 1960. 1960. network network The The

in in new new the the bridge bridge metropolitan metropolitan

was was opened area.

Two Two

leg leg steel steel

falsework falsework towers towers

at

ponent ponent part part tural tural of of a a proposed proposed steel, steel, was was freeway completed completed

in in Decem-

Palsework Palsework

Towers

Sacramento Sacramento of of which which forma forma will will com- bridge, bridge, except except for for painting painting of of struc-

for for beltline beltline a a

pouring pouring freeway freeway

each each running running north 3 3 pier pier in in lifts. The The major major roadwork roadwork items items and and the

sion sion has has ventional ventional adopted adopted a a

freeway freeway forming forming routing methods methods were were used, 1 1 ~••

The The California California pier pier height height Highway Highway

Commis- is is 73', 73',

pier pier 5. 5.

No. No.

Con- residual residual camber camber

was was found found

average to to

hollow hollow

cell cell 16'x3'6

". ".

The The

maximum

concrete concrete deck deck

and and curbs curbs placed, placed,

the

with with 3' 3'

radius radius

noses, noses,

and and

a a

single

all all

falsework falsework

was was removed, removed,

and and the

Leland Leland

Hadley Hadley (1960 -61) -61)

.

tion tion

reinforced reinforced

concrete concrete

shafts, shafts,

29'x6',

was was

provided provided

in in

304' 304' the the spans. spans.

After

sentative sentative

John John (1959), (1959), Brown, Brown, Jr. Jr. and

River River

piers piers

consist consist

of of constant constant

sec-

center center

of of span span

erection erection camber camber

4" of of

W. W. Thomson, Thomson, and and District District Repre- I I

Co. Co.

of of

Oakland.

the the

heavy heavy

summer summer tourist tourist traffic. traffic.

A

field field

were were Resident Resident

Engineer Engineer

George

tracted tracted

to to

Raymond Raymond

Concrete Concrete Pile

of of Highway Highway

101 101 north north of of Ukiah, Ukiah, and

gineer. gineer.

Representing Representing

the the State State

the in in

r~ishing r~ishing

and and

driving driving piles piles was was subcon-

not not be be

issued issued

due due

to to poor poor alignment

under under E. E. McMahon, McMahon, J. J.

Bridge Bridge

En-

Depa~rtrnent Depa~rtrnent

Geology Geology

Section. Section.

Fur- site, site, as as

a a

highway highway

travel travel permit permit could

Department, Department,

Division Division Highways

of of

recommendations recommendations

made made by by the the Bridge

rail rail by by from from

the the

Bay Bay Area Area to to

the the job

project project was was administered administered

Bridge

the the by by

agreed agreed

closely closely

with with investigation investigation

and the the

Contractor Contractor

to to this this ship ship large large crane

intendent intendent

for for the the Contractor. Contractor. The

noted noted

that that

conditions conditions

encountered

boom boom

and and 25' 25'

jib. jib.

It It was was necessary necessary

for

and and Weisberg Weisberg

was was the the Project Project

Super-

on on

this this

job job

varied varied

considerably; considerably;

it it is tural tural

steel; steel; it it

was was equipped equipped with with a a 110'

Ross Ross Phillips Phillips

of of Erickson, Erickson,

Phillips

outcropping. outcropping.

foundation foundation requirements

truck truck crane crane was was used used to to erect erect struc-

work.

footing footing

6 6 @ @

TSF TSF on on a a dense dense

shale

continued. continued.

65 65 A A Ton Ton capacity capacity (4 (4 axle)

55.12 to to

°fo °fo of of

the the total total value value

the of of

No. No.

6. 6.

Pier Pier

6 6 is is

supported supported

by by spread a a

S; S; erection erection

and and bolt -up -up work work

was was then

0118(2). 0118(2).

The The

Federal Federal funds funds

amount

cre~e cre~e

piles piles

were were

used, used, except except

at at pier

tain tain camber, camber,

and and repositioned repositioned span

in in

eral eral Aid Aid Primary Primary

Project, Project,

No. No. F-

at at all all

other other

locations locations

cast

-in -place -place

con-

removed, removed,

excepting excepting one one PP6 PP6 @ @ to to re-

is is $353,000. $353,000. This This

is is California California a a

Fed-

abutment abutment

No. No. 1 1 and and

river river

pier pier Na. Na. S;

span span 4 4 was was

complete, complete, the the towers towers were

work work is is

$664,000; $664,000;

and and

the the roadwork

Steel Steel

piles piles

(10 (10

BP BP

@ @

42) 42) were were used used

at span span

4. 4. When When

erection erection and and -up -up bolt of

The The approximate approximate

cost cost

the the of of

bridge

abutment abutment

No. No.

1 1

which which

was was to to

tons. 60 60

falsework falsework

bents bents were were used used initially initially

for completed completed on on March March

1961. 2, 2,

minimum minimum

bearing bearing

capacity, capacity,

excepting

plate plate pads pads

on on

channel channel bottom. bottom.

The adjacent adjacent

old old

bridge. bridge. All All work work

was

All All

piles piles

were were

driven driven

to to

45 45 a a ton

tower tower

legs legs

were were supported supported by by

steel aluminum aluminum an an finish finish coat, coat, to to match match the

Ultimately, Ultimately,

fhe fhe

bridge bridge oId oId will will replaced replaced be be a a structure structure by by fo fo the the similar similar new new one.

upstream upstream Looking Looking at at

new new the the

(front) (front) and and old old (rear) (rear) South South Scotia Scotia parallel parallel bridges bridges fhe fhe over over Eel Eel River. U ~ m ~~ EI Dorado County Completes Difficult Rovte Relocation

By ROBERT C. DOWNER, Road Commissioner /~rr ExcELr.EivT example of a county Fiad Many Curves stream. The old bridge, which it re- designed and cooperatively financed Previously, the alignment was two- places, had a posted weight limit Federal-aid Secondary Highway of and and-one-quarter miles of 18-feet-`vide only five tons. The new structure Bridge Project in rough has mountainous oiled earth with two-foot shoulders. no posted weight limit. country is found about eight miles Curves `were as tight as 40-foot radii southeast of Placerville where El Do- and grades ran up to 12 per cent. The rado County's Aulcum Road (FAS old bridge over the Cosumnes, which Route 1234) crosses the north fork remains in place for local traffic, is of the Cosumnes River. 8 feet long and 20 feet wide on a The outstanding JT feature of the proj- substandard alignment. The Camp ect is the new bridge on a graceful Creek bridge consisted of one 112- curve high above normal water level. foot steel truss span with timber ap- Its wide concrete deck is supported proach spans for a total of 177 feet. by steel girders on concrete piers and It was 12 feet wide with two planks abutments. Located % mile down- for each wheel track. stream from the old bridge, the new The new alignment provides a mini- structure is on a 1.5-mile realignment mum curve radius of 400 feet, a nine between Somerset and 0.7 mile north percent maximum grade, a roadbed of the river in precipitous terrain width of 28 feet, and saves three-quar- which includes ledges and boulders of ters of a mile of travel distance. The granite. new bridge has a reinforced concrete In fact, so rugged is the country deck over three 85-foot welded girder that the grading contract had to be spans supported on reinforced con- let and completed before the bridge crete abutments and single-column contract could be started, since access 0~~K5 piers, and provides a clear roadway JF~_..._..__. to the bridge site was impossible for of 28 feet. The deck is about 75 feet construction equipment. above the normal water surface of the `r LOCATION MAP AUKUM RD. BRIDGE SCALE PLACERVILLE p i 2 CAMINO MILES

Pier footings in the essentially solid granite required drilling and blasting. The concrete was anchored to the rock with steel dowels. The placing of girders by truck crane went smoothly, although the steel strike from June to December of 1959 caused a backlog on orders re- sulting in a 77-day time extension. DIAMOND SPRINGS Roadbed Is Surfaced PPRK Rp. Following completion of the bridge in September 1960, the County sur- =ASANT faced the roadbed of the new al~gn- ,LLEY ment at its own expense. Together, the three-phase project— grading, bridge, and pavin,~—in- AUKUM tegrates nicely with the Co~n~ty-wide planning program for this irr~portant SCALE lumber, miring, and o i z recreations=1 area. MILES Lord &Bishop of Sacrarr~ento was the prime cont.~actor, and Edward G. March-April 1961 27 An aerial view of fha eansfrucfeoet area looking westward. The Herb highway bypassed an old circuitous alignmenf and two substandard bridges, the Old Camp Creek fridge (foreground) and fhe Ofd Bdorfk Fork Cosumnes Bridge (located just out of fhe phote middle left).

~ California Highways and Public Works Committee Proposes Scenic Highway Study A one-year study of proposed scenic highways in California has been recommended to the Legislature after a preliminary investigation by a special Joint Agency Study Group. The special study, authorized by Senate Resolution 26 (1960), was conducted by a committee composed of representatives of the State Depart- ments of Public Works, Natural Re- sources and Water Resources, and the State Office of Planning. In a recently published report, the group recommends that the Legisla- ture affirm the intention of setting up a separate class of scenic highways within the state highway system. It also recommends a one-year study similar to the study which formed the basis for the establishment of the California-Freeway-E~ress- way System (SCR 26 Study, 1957). Purpose of such a study, the report states, should be to "identify, delineate and evaluate" scenic corridors and routes throughout the state. Consider- ation of design and planning pro- cedures, legal questions, land acquisi- tion, and land use and zoning is also recommended.

0.6 index point or 0.3 percent from the third quarter. According to the Division of Highways, this slight de- A northward view of the new bridge and the granife streambed and terrain. crease, together with the small fluc- tuations of the previous three quarters, reflected a period of stability in prices. Naramore of the Division of High- vester of the U.S. Bureau of Public A trend toward stabilization in ways Bridge Department was the resi- Roads. highway costs was also indicated by dent engineer. its own At the present time, with the behavior of the Bureau of Public funds, County is The bridge was designed by Robert initiative and the Roads Composite Mile Index, which undertaking a major realignment of Thomas, assistant road commissioner is based on Federal-Aid highway con- the route from the north end of the of El Dorado County, under the di- struction contracts awarded by the FAS job to about half way to Pleasant rection of the writer and W. Calvin state highway departments. The index Valley. Local logging interests are also Kiedaisch of the State Division of for the third quarter of 1960, the giving their interest and support. Highways Bridge Department. latest available, increased 4.9 points or Review of plans and specifications, 2.2 percent. This index has shown and coordination of the project with small fluctuations during the past county, state, and federal agencies, Construction Costs year. was handled by Donald G. Foster, as- Bidder competition in California sociate highway engineer, under the Down 0.3 Percent during the fourth quarter, with ar. direction of Hanlon E. Rhud, District The California Highway Construc- average of 6.2 bidders per project, was III City and County Projects engineer, tion Cost Index for the fourth quarter slightly higher than in the previous with the cooperation of Boyd Syl- of 1960 stood at 228.5, a decrease of quarter (5.9).

March-April 1961 29

Works Public Public and and Highways Highways California California 30 30

article. accompanying accompanying the the in in studied studied Freeway Freeway Roseville Roseville the the fhe fhe of of shows shows the the portion portion map map above above

agri- undeveloped undeveloped were were acre many many There There ten ten to to two two of of were were it it number number a a prices sales sales of of tabulation tabulation a a of of means means by by

In a a many many motorist. freeways fringe. fringe. endangered endangered and and rural rural adjacent adjacent Sacramento's Sacramento's and and homes homes of of between between part part

relationship the the explored explored implies, implies, a exasperated was was and and 45 45 area area title title minutes minutes as as study study much much the the 1956 1956 to to Prior Prior

the as as

Freeways," Freeways," and and as "Residences "Residences to to came came consume consume and and Roseville Roseville Reno. near near border border Nevada California-

Sacramento

short short bet`veen bet`veen The The trip trip

Study of of Purpose Purpose to to the Francisco Francisco San San from from way way its its on on

passage passage traffic. of of the the dered dered orderly orderly

California, of of capital capital the the Sacramento, Sacramento, developed." be be not not could could

and and seriously seriously hin- movements movements

traffic traffic

through passes passes which which highway highway tinental tinental otherwise which which areas areas development development of of

many many

conflicting caused caused development development

transcon- -west, -west, east main, main, California's California's scope the the within within brings brings time, time, travel travel

13 13 ribbon away. away. This This

miles miles

Roseville, Roseville,

Northern 40, 40, Highway Highway U.S. U.S. to to cent cent in reduction reduction its its by by facility, facility, freeway freeway a a

the the of

and and City City

between between Sacramento Sacramento

adja- lay lay It It character. character. in in rural rural that tially tially accepted accepted generally generally been been has has "It "It

the the up up of of

road along along length length the the

sprung sprung

essen- construction, construction, freeway freeway to to prior prior it: followed followed which which paragraph paragraph the the does does

highway highway classes classes users users of of

had

both both

vas, study study for for chosen chosen area area The The nor elaboration, elaboration, further further no no requires requires It It

to

Small Small catering catering businesses businesses

trucks. trucks.

Public Public Works. and and Hi~l~wgys Hi~l~wgys foynict foynict

Area Study Study

The The

heavy

numbers numbers of of

large large including including

of of Cc~li- 1957 1957 issue issue April, April, - March the the in in

of of

traffic,

amounts amounts

through through creasing creasing

built. been been appeared not not had had which which Freeways" Freeways" and and dences dences

as as ever ever as as the the in-

well well used used

highway highway

freeway a a if if area area the the study study in in been been "Resi- entitled entitled Kelly, Kelly, F. F. John John by by cle cle

commuter commuter growing growing numbers in in

traffic traffic

have might might development development what what way, way, study study arti- economic economic land land pioneering pioneering

jobs jobs

doing doing

poorly. poorly. both both

and and Local

free- a a by by influenced influenced areas areas not not a of of with with paragraph paragraph lead lead the the was was This This

a a function forced forced serve serve dual dual to to

being being

comparisons by by show, show, additionally additionally serves." it it community community

which which lane lane was two two

ventional ventional

highway highway

will study study The The time. time. travel travel in in the tion tion and and passes passes it it which which through through land land

It It

of of into into a a cities. cities. was was many many our our con-

reduc- a a of of results results the the determine determine thus thus the upon upon have have will will

of of was was old old the the typical typical

routes which which

to and and center; center; metropolitan metropolitan growing growing facility this this modern modern

U.S. U.S. 40 the the

was was to to area area via via Access Access

a serves serves which which freeway freeway a a to to adjacent adjacent effect economic economic

oak oak with with area trees. mature mature rural rural studded studded domly domly a a in in improvements improvements other other be, be, to to the tinue tinue

city. city. rolling rolling was was and and homes homes It It and slightly slightly ran- of of construction construction ultimate ultimate con- will will and and been, been,

lar lar of of other other to to the areas areas peripheral peripheral the to to leading leading development development of of tern tern has

significance significance

it it simi- In In respect respect was was acres. acres. pat- this this 320 320 the the trace trace to to freeway; freeway; the the and and land land of of great problem problem

III III

80 80 farms farms and ranging ranging sized sized between between between between undeveloped the the relationship relationship a freeways, freeways, nia's nia's

the the a a from from of of city city band band tance tance medium explore to to been been has has study study present present the the of of Califor- ment ment D~sTxicT D~sTxicT

a a at at homesites homesites and and of greater greater dis- rural rural purpose purpose The The homes. homes. individual individual of of develop- TxE TxE "Ix "Ix

Way Way Agent of of Right Right Headquarters Headquarters FRANKLAND, FRANKLAND, BAMFORD BAMFORD by by Summation Summation

OF OF DEPARTMENT WAY WAY RIGHT RIGHT

SECTION ECONOMIC ECONOMIC STUDIES STUDIES LAND LAND THE THE OF OF REPORT REPORT A A

n n i i r r

~ ~ ~ ~ Value Use, Use, Land Land Land Land I I In In

Ur Ur Speeds Speeds Increase Freeway Freeway • • cultural areas in and around Saera- mento which were much quicker and easier to reach and developers natur- ally tended to take the paths of least resistance. New homes, businesses and industries gravitated to other areas of better access. The rapidly spreading metropolitan growth of SaEramento thus did not include the area adjacent to the old highway. The study area, which par- alleled the old highway for 7.5 miles was, in effect, closed to development because of poor access conditions which made speculative development unattractive to potential investors.

The Freeway The Division of Highways proposed a new full freeway to replace the ob- solescent stretch of U.S. 40 between Sacramento and Roseville. It was de- signed, in part, to provide a conges- tion free facility for through traffic. Acquisition of access rights and grade separation of major road crossings would eliminate the conflicts which rise from a mingling of local shoppers, Looking east toward Roseville along the section of freeway covered by fhe study. the old highway is commuters and through traffic. The between fhe lines of trees to the right. accompanying map shows the location of the new freeway which essentially teen year study period allowed the use trends which are vividly indicative of parallels the old road but which cuts of the trend method of examination the growth trend in the area. directly from Sacramento diagonally of land value changes which are most through the study area to Roseville. indicative of the startling changes ConTrol Areas Local, as well as through, traffic which have actually occurred in the The investigations and tabulations would be able to use the new facility area. in the study area documented what uses and and would be served by means of fre- Study Procedure actually happened to land quent traffic interchanges with the There were sixty-one rural home- land values. The pattern of develop- major county road crossings. The di- site or farm properties lying adjacent ment and its pace became clear. These version of traffic from the old high- to the freeway which formed the res- tabulations did not reveal, however, way to the new route would, in addi- ervoir from which data regarding land what would actually have occurred tion, increase the capacity of the old use and land value changes have been if the freeway had not been built highway to carry local traffic and drawn. Of these sixty-one properties, when and where it was. would have the effect of providing fifty had been sold one or more times To determine what would have two alternate and swift means of ac- during the fourteen year study period happened to the study area in the ab- cess to the study area. Construction for a total of seventy-one sales. Each sence of the freeway it was necessary of the new route began in 1953, and sale was researched in the public rec- to use a comparative base or control it was opened to traffic early in 1956. ords, the properties were inspected area. Ideally, a control area is an area, and owners and former owners were away from any possibility of influence Time Period of Study interviewed. The circumstances of by the freeway, which is similar, in- Data covering the years between each sale were carefully investigated cluding attractiveness for development 1946 and 1960 was collected for use to permit elimination from considera- and accessibility to the area with in this study. The time period begins tion of any which were not indicative which it is being compared. Its value at a time, seven years prior to comple- of a fair and open transaction. levels should be about the same and tion of the freeway, when land in the The inspections and interviews per- the future potential should appear to area was being devoted primarily to mitted conclusions to be drawn re- be for the same uses. Distances to ma- agricultural uses. It ends seven years garding present and future uses for the jor employment centers, shopping after completion of the freeway when properties and the researching of pub- areas and other public facilities, such the transition to more intensive land lic records and interviews with owners as schools should be very similar. In uses is virtually complete. The four- permitted the tabulation of sales price essence, the economic forces of change

March-April 1961 31

Works Public Public and and Highways Highways California California

32 32

development.

homes of of

tract tract first first

the the of of

the the opening opening

Roseville

the the

to to

adjacent adjacent area area study study

land

adjacent adjacent upon upon the the

Freeway Freeway Roseville Roseville feci feci

of of

and

freeway freeway the the

of of

The The completion completion the

in in

prices prices land land for for ef- plotted plotted accelerating accelerating was was and and the the illustrates illustrates areas areas control control

Ihree Ihree similar and and study study area area the the land land in in

values values ment. which line line trend trend the the depicts depicts one one

Chart Chart

raw trend trend of of 14

shows shows fhe fhe -year -year This This 2. 2.

Chart Chart

develop- residential residential surburban surburban nearest nearest area. each each in in growth growth of of pattern pattern the the of of

the the next

from from miles miles four four almost almost and and indicative Sales be be Actual Actual Land Land would would SOURCE: SOURCE: which which line line trend trend

fringe

homesite homesite

rural rural

the the

miles miles beyond beyond smooth ~. a a ~.~. ~.~. achieve achieve to to 3 3 treated treated Area Area Control Control statistically statistically

......

2 2 Area Area two Control Control nearly nearly began began

development development were first first averages averages

weighted weighted yearly yearly The The

_ _ _ _ _

I I

Control Control Area Area

this

that that

note note to to

interest interest of of is is It It period. way. way. study study the the during during

year year

each each for for

Area

Study Study

YEARS YEARS

free- of of the the

opening opening the the

with with

averaged coincide coincide

then then were were prices prices weighted weighted ,1960 1955 1955 1950 1950

]946 ]946

to

timed timed and and started started was was homes homes The type type minimum. minimum. a a to to size size in in ferences ferences

tract of of

Construction Construction location. location. dif- change change by by introduced introduced variable variable the the reduce reduce

inter- traffic traffic future future a a

surrounding surrounding to age age sale sale each each in in

land land of of amount amount the the by by

500

acre- large large a a acquired acquired firm firm velopment velopment weighted were were areas areas control control and and study study

de- pioneer pioneer a a time time that that At At the apparent. apparent. in in properties properties of of prices prices sales sales The The

be

to to

began began

ground ground t000 the the on on changes changes

Trend Price Price

Area Area Study Study

1955 1955 that until until however, however, not, not, was was It It

0

O area. study study Apparent Beeome Beeome Changes Changes

1500

the in in used used

methods methods same same the the

using using

a

area. study study the the

in in

areas three three control control the the

in in

invesrigated invesrigated

properties for for demand demand increased increased

the the

were

properties properties

of of

comparable comparable sales sales

W 200o 200o

indicating turn turn upward upward an an took took

line line

fifty and and

hundred hundred

One One

area. area. study study the the

a

trend

the the time time that that 1954. 1954. At At in in creased creased

V to

respects respects important important

in in all all

similar, similar,

in- definitely definitely sales sales

of of

number number The The

W 2500 2500

Each Each was

this this study. study.

in in

use use for for chosen chosen

as as usual. on on carried carried being being were were tivities tivities

were areas areas

control control

separate separate Three Three

ac- Farming Farming area. area.

the the

of of

appearance appearance

freeway.

the the by by exerted exerted

influence influence

the the

3000 the in in change change

outward outward

no no

noted noted have have

then then reveal should should area area

control control and and

would observer observer

An An

faith. faith. their their

justify justify

study the the

between between change change of of

degree degree

to appear appear would would

which which

place place

taken taken

3500

in difference difference The The

freeway. freeway. the the of of

had development development

actual actual no no

though though

absence or or

presence presence

the the being being 1960.

1946 1946

AND AND variable variable BETWEEN BETWEEN

al-

area area the the of of

potential potential

the the

future future

on on

AREAS

COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE AND AND only the the same same with with be be the the

should should

areas areas

betting

were were

Investors Investors

activity. activity.

lative lative

TO TO FREEWAY ADJACENT ADJACENT IN IN AREA AREA

and and control

the the study study upon upon

act act

which which

specu- VALUES was was area area LAND LAND AVERAGE AVERAGE OF OF study study TREND TREND the the in in prices prices of of

skyrocketing the the causing causing force force The The

area. developing developing a a in in rapidly rapidly increases increases value value

cent.

per per

teen teen

farm to to ceased ceased of has has pattern pattern

follows follows the the he he

normal normal trend trend virtually virtually case case The The

Freeway. Freeway.

nine- rose rose only only

area area study study

the the

in in that that to to

fhe fhe Roseville adjacenf adjacenf the the area area values values in in land land

in in

his

and and even even

owner owner original original

the the

raw trend trend 14 of of the the -year -year This This shows shows 1. 1. Charl Charl to land land similar similar for for prices prices

land land

cultural cultural

by intact intact

retained retained has has been been

one one

only only

agri- period period

same same

this this

During During

area. area.

the the

Sales Land Land Actual Actual SOURCE: SOURCE: the the freeway, to to

adjacent adjacent farms farms the the

all all

upon

acting acting

were were inflation inflation

of of

forces forces

Of to to farming. farming.

solely solely devoted devoted

merly merly

YEARS

ordinary more more than than

considerably considerably

that that

1960 1950 1950 1955 1955 was was for- 1946 1946 which which

parcel parcel every every

nearly nearly

indicates years years seven seven in in

percent percent sand sand

on started started has has

Some Some construction construction

thou- one one of of nearly nearly increase increase

The The

lars. lars.

complete.

nearly nearly is is

period period transition transition

dol- hundred hundred

seven seven

nearly nearly

were were

acre acre

the -1960) -1960) (1956

years years

short short four four a a

In In

500

per prices prices average average began, began,

construction construction

tract. new new home home first first of of the the

opening opening

freeway year year 1953, 1953, the the

By By

uses. uses.

uable uable

the since since

rapidly rapidly have have increased increased

uses uses

more more val- for for i000 possibilities possibilities

future future the the in in

intensive more more and and valuable valuable

to to

more more

of of interest amount amount agrowing agrowing

flecting flecting

from from agricultural

transitions transitions

Actual Actual

re- prices prices

increasing increasing

ever ever at at were were area area

intensifies. 7500 ownerships ownerships existing existing

the

in in

occur occur

did did which which sales sales few few the the

under and and development development off off is is tapering tapering

but

was was minimal minimal 1956 1956 to to prior prior years years

sales sales activity as as

of of point point stabilization stabilization

the

during during activity activity Sales Sales uses. uses. valuable valuable s000

a be be

reaching reaching to to level level appears appears price price

and

more more intensive intensive for for potential potential little little

average

acre. acre. The The per per dollars dollars hundred hundred

reveals

use use and and

this this reflects reflects acre acre per per

six thirty thirty of of

nearly nearly level level a a to to reach reach

ssoo

dollars of of

seventy seventy

level level price price average average

dollars

thousand thousand one one another another gained gained

The

agricultural. agricultural. purely purely almost almost were were

had average average the the 1960 1960 and and in in acre acre per per

area

the the

study study in in

uses uses land land when when time time

3000

dollars hundred hundred six six twenty twenty to to almost almost

a 1946 1946

at at in in

begins begins line line trend trend The The

again doubled doubled nearly nearly had had 1958 1958 they they

Change Value Value Rapid Rapid

acre. acre. In per per dollars dollars hundred hundred fourteen fourteen

3500

to to over increased increased had had prices prices average average line. the the horizontal horizontal laid laid along along are are years years

1960

1946 1946 AND AND

BETWEEN BETWEEN

By By 1956 activity. activity. sales sales of of

catalyst catalyst while the the chart chart of of lines lines vertical vertical the the on on

TO TO FREEWAY ADJACENT ADJACENT PARCELS PARCELS OF OF

act act

to to a as as combined combined to to it it shown adjacent adjacent acre acre are are per per Prices Prices

Freeway. Freeway. LAND LAND VALUES AVERAGE AVERAGE OF OF TREND TREND the property and shortly contemplates the start of a residential subdivision. Zoning regulation has prevented changes from farm to industrial uses but some changes, other than to resi- dential subdivisions have occurred, in- cluding transitions from farms to theater sites, golf driving ranges, cem- eteries and apartment house locations.

Control Area Development On chart two the price trend his- tories of the three control areas are shown in comparison with the trend already seen in the study area. Control area one, in 1946-1953, lay just beyond the area of Sacramento's most rapid growth. It almost surely would have been the next most rapid area of development if major changes had not taken place in other areas. It was similar to the study area in all important respects except that it was closer, in time, to major employment centers. Control area two was also similar to the study area in pre-freeway years. The pattern of growth should have been very nearly the same as in the study area. One important difference might have been expected to accel- erate growth in control area two be- yond that of the study area. It had two major access roads rather than one. This advantage was balanced Looking toward Sacramento from the center of the study area. the subdivision at the center of the photo was the first in the area. Control Area 1 is in the upper left corner of the photo. however by the fact that the area was slightly less attractive to investors than utable to several important factors. more value control control area one or the study area. rapidly in than Development in any community is in- area two but then an important occur- Control area three was most similar evitably irregular as investors balance rence marred the expected pattern in to the study area. They were alike in the various factors affecting their control area two. A new freeway was every important respect save only one. choice of location. It will speed up in proposed in 1953 which bisected this City growth was not apparently ex- one location, then as prices begin to area. Investors were quick to apply panding as rapidly in adjacent areas as climb it will lag and pick up in an- the lessons learned during their acqui- was the situation in the portion of the other area. Development in one area sition activities in the study area. Prior county near U.S. 40. The two areas undoubtedly retards development in to the completion of the freetivay were so similar, however, in every another since the market for homes every available parcel of land had been other feature that it might be said and businesses is not inexhaustible. The acquired for future conversion to that—here is what would have hap- overwhelming access advantage pro- more valuable uses. This caused the pened in the study area if a freeway vided by the new freeway coupled trend line for control area two to had not been built. with quick acquisitions by investors accelerate at a faster rate than that of It can be seen in chart two that all in the adjacent areas slowed acquisi- control area one and further con- lines diverge although each follows tions in other areas. firmed the conclusions drawn during essentially the same pattern. If outside the study. economic forces exerted equal pres- Acquisitions Slow Down The land value trend lines for the sures on all areas each of the trend Although control area one might study area and each of the control lines should not only have followed have been expected to develop first, areas follow a very similar pattern. A the same pattern but they should have acquisitions in the study area appar- period of relatively slow rise precedes done so at the same time. ently slowed it down. When investors a sharp upward break and rapid climb That the lines did not follow the switched their attention from the toward maximum economic prices. same pattern at the same time is attrib- study area to control area one it rose This pattern is characteristic for a

March-April 1961 33 James Thacher Named to CT~A James F. Thatcher, 36, a San Fran- cisco attorney, was appointed to the California Toll Bridge Authority by Governor Edmund G. Brown on March 31, 1961. He succeeds William M. Roth, San Francisco businessman, who resigned March 23 to accept an appointment by the Governor to the Board of Regents of the University of California. Thacher is a native of San Francisco and a member of the law firm of Thacker, Jones, Casey &Ball. He also practiced la`v in for two years, returning to San Francisco in 1953. He received a bachelor of arts de- gree in history and economics at Yale University in 1948 and his law degree at the Yale Law School in 1951. He served with the U.S. Army in the infantry in Belgium and Germany in World War II. Thacker belongs to local, state and national bar associations and has been active in civic affairs, serving on the budget committee of the Community Chest and on the Mission Community Center Board of Directors. Looking toward Roseville when construcfion on the freeway was just beginning in 1954. Compare this He and his wife, Gladys, have three photo with fhe one an page 31. children. They reside at 3979 Wash- ington Street, San. Francisco. growing community. As the city ex- Development in these other areas pands, speculative activity in the out- would eventually have driven their skirts increases as investors attempt to land prices to a level which would at all, would have been clelczyed at acquire lands which will lie in the path make an attempt at development of least fcve full years. of future growth. Development then the study area very attractive even if What, instead, dicl happen in the begins and the pace of activity in- the Roseville Freeway had not been area tcdjacent to the Roseville free- creases driving prices upward until built. Parenthetically, the economic way? Of sixty-one royal ho7nesate eventually every available property is fact of low prices which make an area crud fawn properties, fifty have bee7a in the hands of its ultimate developer attractive to investors would also sold a total of seventy-one tiynes. at which time sales activity of large encourage congestion on already Every farm property but one has been parcels decreases, subdivision and crowded access roads, further eom- sold to a purchaser who ~zvill devote building increases and prices begin to pounding aserious problem, and as a it to a amore intensive and ?Hoye valu- stabilize at their optimum level. consequence cause development to able use. The one ~w%ll be so used by take place at a slow pace while local the origanal o~zuner. Land use in the Summary authorities and private investors under- area hcrs completely changed in a short The area adjacent to the Roseville took to improve access facilities. four years to a variety of suburban Freeway was apparently closed to The experience of the control areas type uses; residential subdivisions, future development by severe traffic indicates that the point at which in- coa~zeYCial zASes, recreational uses, congestion on the only route which vestors might have turned to the study schools, churches crud cemeteries. And, led directly to it from major emplay- area for possible development would ?Host importantly, the property owners ment centers. Other areas of easier have been approximately the same as have seen these changes accomplished access and similar land prices, the two has happened in control area three. a full five years sooner than have major controlling factors of transition What then ynight have hrxpperyaed in those in other sirnilay aYeas ~whach are and development, seemed to have the study area in the absence of the just beginning to experience such greater potential for future growth. freeway? Developynent, if it occurred changes.

34 California Highways and Public Works First Freeway Section Completed Between Bakersfield and Tehachapi

By M. F. SILVA, Resider~t Engineer CExE~zoNiES con- This 11.9-mile, four-lane 60-M.P.H. Few c~r~es DISTRICT ducted by the Te- expressway replaces a 14.5-mile facil- The new facility rises from the ele- T hachapi Post No. ity which is no longer adequate for vation 800 feet in the valley floor to V1 221 American Le- present-day traffic due to deficiencies 2160 feet in the Tehachapis. About Legion on Sunday, in pavement width, grade, sight dis- 65% of the overall length is on tan- December 11, 1960, tance and alignment. The old high- gent and only 12 curves, ranging in marked the dedica- Way had a maximum grade of 7% and radius from 2500 feet to 5000 feet and tion of the first sec- a minimum curve radius of 300' with encompassing a total curvature of 290 tion of U. S. 466 a total of 38 curves and a total curva- degrees, are used over its length to constructed to free- ture of 1660 degrees. The new im- produce a design which has been aptly way standards between the cities of Provement termed "Bold Balcersfield and Tehachapi. This route, begins in gentle farm lands Engineering". The pro- located in Kern County and known approximately ten miles east of the posed highway grades vary from a as the Tehachapi Highway, is a ma- City of Bakersfield in the south east- minimum 0.12% to a maximum of jor cross-continent route carrying a ern corner of the 6%. A grade of S% is used on over large volume of truck traffic and out- and ends in the rugged terrain of the one-half the length of the project and of-state vehicles, as well as local farm some 14 miles the longest sustained 5% grade is to market trafric. west of the City of Tehachapi. three miles in length.

Looking west along US 464 toward Arvin Turnoff about 1.7 miles west of Bear Mountain Ranch.

~.. ~,. ~ja-,..

36 36 California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

the the

Caliente Caliente

Creek Creek Bridge Bridge on on US US Bakersfield. Bakersfield. mites mites 466 466 about about east east 12 12 is is of of The The view view westward. difficulties difficulties the the on on other this this faced faced and and

Of Of special special that that note note spite spite is is of in in

tion tion of of work. the the

the the line line to to allow allow an an prosecu- orderly orderly

terrain terrain rough rough and and existent existent to to pioneer

the the obstacles obstacles many many presented presented by by the

subcontractors subcontractors and and his his to to overcome

ning ning was was required required the the by by contractor

this this and and items, items, related related plan- skillful skillful

earthmoving earthmoving equipment equipment was was used used on

conventional conventional though though highway off -

yards yards cubic cubic required required Al- blasting. blasting.

which which tion tion approximately approximately of of 1,500,000

000 000 yards yards cubic cubic of of excava- roadway roadway

project project upwards upwards on on this this was was of of 4,500,-

of of items items Largest Largest the the many many of of work

Required Blasting Blasting

equipment. bile bile

stands stands installed installed ing ing were were to to load load mo-

~ ~ , , ~ ~

~, ~, ,. ,.

~

locations locations mental mental where where load- needed, needed,

each each reservoir, reservoir, well well as as at at supple- as as

the the most most and and reservoir. reservoir. remote remote At

elevation elevation in in between between head the the well well

sufficient sufficient fora fora 1500 1500 lift lift feet feet difference

normal normal losses losses come come provide head head and and

were were stations stations as as booster booster used used to to over-

six six reservoirs, reservoirs, storage storage four four of of which

8" 8" tion tion miles miles of of 10 10 pipeline pipeline of of and

mand. mand. This This was was met met installa- with with the the

and and to to storage storage maintain maintain for for peak peak de-

tion, tion, subsequent subsequent requirements, job job

west west toward toward Looking Looking Bakersfield Bakersfield 2%z 2%z about about mites mites west west of of the the Arvin Arvin turnoff. both both embankment embankment initial initial for for construc-

its its livering livering to to the the water water point point of of need

The The next next was was problem problem of of de- that that

installation installation tested tested for for adequacy.

tor tor could could be be installed installed and and the the entire

only only delayed delayed a a pump pump while while and and mo-

leased leased tractor tractor an an e~risting e~risting well well and and was

could could a a well well be be developed, developed, the the con-

to to order order lose lose not not valuable valuable time time while

western western the the of of the the end end project. project. In

ments ments were were situated situated farmlands farmlands in in at

sufficient sufficient for for capacity capacity job job require-

ever, ever, several several deep deep producing producing wells wells of

or or to to adjacent adjacent right right of of the the way. way. Ho`v-

was was There There no no source source of of water water on

Wafer Search Search for for

canyons canyons traversed traversed the the by by line.

embankments embankments in in the the many many rugged

supplying supplying water water for for compaction compaction of

faced faced therefore, therefore, the the problem problem with with of

for for job job traffic. traffic. The The contractor contractor was,

satisfactory satisfactory road road haul haul was was available

embankment embankment construction construction before before a

months months of of roadway roadway excavation excavation and

rugged rugged portions portions it it required required several

was was not not possible possible by by truck. truck. In In more the the

ect, ect, to to a a access access large large length length of of the the line

the the During During phases phases early early of of the the proj- ,~~

Atypical reinforced concrete ditch-check series under operafPng COflfllflOfl3. A metal pipe velocity slissipafor Installed for roadway surface drainage. items of work, the job was completed without serious injury to personnel. The project is located largely in mountainous cattle-grazing country, tivith the exception of the first portion, '~ ~. which is relatively flat cultivated farm land. In the mountainous area about -~-~ 70% of all drainage areas are on steep slopes with the storm runoff crossing the line in well defined drainage chan- nels. Native soil is highly erosive and the problems of scour and sedimenta- tion are acute. Construction provided wherever possible, therefore, for the conveyance of cross-drainage and roadway surface drainage into existing channels that have been stabilized by natural runoff.

Pipe is Used To implement this construction 21,321 linear feet of corrugated metal A front view of a subgrade trimmer described in fhe article. pipe ranging in sizes from 12" to 54" were used, supplemented by extensive which will carry significant amounts of this equipment and the elimination use of velocity dissipating devices to of surface drainage were paved with of conventional header-boards, the reduce do`vnstream velocities and to . contractor was faced tivith the prob- prevent further scouring action in Over 69,000 cubic yards of portland lem of grade control on cement existing channels on adjacent private cement concrete were required for the treated subgrade which was road- property. To further augment this construction of 21 %2 miles of 24-foot mixed. drainage system, extensive use was pavement for the project. Paving was Subgrade Tolerance made of velocity retarding ditch by means of a slip-form paver of the The contract specified that no high checks and special pipe do~vndrain type desc,-ibed by Leigh Spickelmire's subgrade would be allowed and the installations. Additionally, surface article in the January-February 1960 tolerance for low subgrade was a ditches and roadway cut benches issue of this publication. With the use maximum of .02 on any one theoreti-

March-April 1961 37 with the slip-form paving operation on a portion of the project. On this section a ?" wide by .004 thick poly- ethylene strip was fed into the center of the 24-foot wide pavement in effect forming the longitudinal joint in lieu of conventional sawing methods. The strip is fed directly from equipment mounted on the paver and requires only a minimum of attention for ade- quate results. The inserted strip pro- duces a very fine crack with only moderate waving throughout the length of joint. Use of the strip sub- stantially reduces the cost of the longitudinal joint. The contractor on the project was Griffith Company of Los Angeles. W. B. McDonald was the project superintendent for the contractor. The work was under the supervision of W. L. Belch, District Engineer; W. E. Bertken, District Construction Engineer, and M. F. Silva, Resident Engineer. Final construction cost was $5,700,000. Editor's Note—With Kern County traffic now enjoying the use of the new section described in this article, work is getting started on another major improvement on U.S. 466 in the Tehacliapis. Bids were opened April 5 on a major freeway project which connects with the east end of the new express- Looking easf on US 466 abou4 1%s miles west of the Arvin Turnoff. Caliente Raad passes under the way. This project involves construc- freeway do the foreground. tion of 5.8 miles of four-lane freeway between a tenth of a mile east of Caliente Road and a half mile east of cal days run. Any substantial amount cement treating equipment. Line and Keene. of low subgrade would result in ex- grade control is by guide wires which cessive amounts of concrete for which are set in tfie same fashion as for the no compensation would be granted. paving operation. Exceptionally good A promising step toward overcoming grade control was maintained with State Receives. Bids this obstacle was the development of this machine in its final modified form an electronically controlled and guided and its performance contributed to a On U.S. 466 Freeway subgrade trimmer. This machine is paving operation which developed a The State Division of Highways has basically aslip-form paver in which more favorable profile index and opened bids on a project to grade and the receiving hopper, feed hopper, smoother riding surface to that con- pave 5.8 miles of four-lane freeway vibrators and screeds are dropped in structed over conventional motor on U.S. Highway 466 between one- favor of a transverse cutting screw, a grader-trimmed subgrade. Moreover, tenth mile east of Caliente Road and trimming screed, and a bucket elevator this control reduced substantially the one-half mile east of Keene in Kern and belt conveyor for discharging the amount of low subgrade concrete for County. Included iri the project are trimmed material outside the subgrade which the contractor received no section. compensation. two traffic separa~ion sti:,ctures (part The subgrade trimmer is capable of of interchanges at Keene. and Rowen) cutting, within nominal depths, a 26- Experimental Joins and a bridge over the Southern Pacific foot width of subgrade to the estab- Mention should also be made of ex- Railroad near Keene. Five bids were lished grade in one pass at a rate of perimental longitudinal joint eon- received. Low bidder was R. R. Hen- travel equal to that of conventional struction performed in conjunction sler, of Sun Valley, $4,839,024.50.

38 California Highways and Fublic Works Street and Highway Conference • e • • Holds 13th Annual Meet at U.C.

Nearly 600 traffic engineers, plan- "but also of essential information about Zettel and Blom talked about the ners and government officials attended plans, acrivities and problems. And the recently completed study of city the 13th Annual Street and Highway manner of presenting the facts is just street deficiencies. Their subject: Conference January 26-28 at the Uni- as important as collection and analysis. "SCR 62 Study: Results, Potentialities versity of California, Berkeley. They must be made crystal clear to and Keeping Data Current." The conference is sponsored each the layman." Davis outlined some of the activi- year by the University's Institute of Another general session speaker, H. ties of the ITTE. Koch showed a Transportation and Traffic Engineer- F. Kretcham, editorial writer for the film produced to explain the current ing. Salt Lake City Tribune, also empha- Los Angeles Area Transportation The 1961 meeting consisted of three sized the importance of effective pub- Study. Telford presented a film show- general sessions, a closing luncheon lic communications. ing traffic conditions in European meeting, and 14 concurrent meetings He said an important psychological countries. which featured group discussions cov- factor that seems to become involved One general session featured a panel ering awide range of traffic, engineer- in highway matters is "fear of discussion of "Progress in Cooperation ing and management problems. change." in Freeway Planning." Panelists were General Chairman of the three-day Kretcham cited examples of fears Edwin S. Moore, executive vice presi- conference was John A. Morin, Oak- which often cause people to oppose dent of the California State Automo- land city engineer. Vice chairmen badly needed highway improvements bile Associarion; W.H. Monsen of the were Deputy State Highway Engineer such. as construction of a freeway or Alameda County Surveyor's ofrice; J. W. Trask and E. R. Hanna, San development of one-way streets. George Bohn, of the U.S. Bureau of Benito County road commissioner. "Often the fear and opposition is Public Roads in Sacramento; R. A. Bob Glenn of the I'TT'E was general unwarranted," he said, "and later so Hayler, Division of Highways district secretary. proved. But in dealing with people and engineer in San Francisco; and Morin. The keynote address was delivered their emotional responses we must Speaking at the final luncheon meet- by J. O. Mattson, president of the always remember that it isn't what is ing was Wilfred Owen of the Brook- Automotive Safety Foundation, Wash- true that is important; it is what people ings Institution, Washington, D.C. ington, D. C. Mattson discussed think is true." Owen offered a report from an i~m- "Communications, aFactor in Good Kretcham explained that "you have aginary technical assistance mission to Administration." to sell the operarion to the patient," the , an "over-developed" "In the interest of safer and more pointing out that traffic engineering country, from the "under-developed" efficient highway transportation," "is a game where more pseudo-experts nation of Far-Offistan. Mattson said, "we need better two- cal'1 the shots than in a championship The Far-Offistan representative way communication between the vari- football game." found many inadequacies in the trans- ous professional groups concerned, as Other speakers at general sessions portation systems of the United Stages well as between the professionals and were State Senator Randolph Collier; and offered "respectful" criticisms and the great mass of citizens whose funds Slade Hulbert of the ITTE; Richard suggestions. support their efforts." M. Zettel of the ITTE; E. W. Blom, Group discussions at the 14 concur- Mattson said there are two neces- assistant city manager of San Diego; rent meetings centered around papers sary phases of communications in any Harmer Davis, ITTE director; E. T. presented by the following: highway agency—the internal informa- Telford, assistant state highway en- W. L. Warren, design engineer for tion program designed to encourage gineer in Los Angeles; and A. S. Koch, the Division of Highways; Jerry teamwork and morale within the or- Orange County road commissioner. Keithley, Palo Alto city manager; ganization, and external communica- Collier called fora "positive ap- Frank Stubbs of the civil engineering tions which aim to inform and educate proach" in the enforcement of traffic department at the University of Cali- the public on highway matters. laws, with less emphasis on what fornia; Martin A. Mauch, president of Effective internal communications motorists should not do and more on the Matich Corporation, Colton; and are necessary, he said, to help "mold educating the public about what Vernon Smith, Kern County road the character of the organization and should be done. commissioner. influence the quality of its perform- Hulbert used a slide projector and Harold Marks, Los Angeles County ance." Good external communications a short film to introduce delegates to traffic planning engineer; S. S. Tay- are an "obligation," he declared. the driving simulator, a device now lor, general manager of the Los An- "This includes not only the dissem- being developed for laboratory study geles Traffic Department; Michael ination of facts about how user reve- of driver habits and reactions to road- Carroza, Fresno director of public nues are being spent," he explained, way conditions. . .Continued on page 72

March-April 1961 39

Highways Highways California California Public Public and and Works

40 40

Warren Warren Chan, Chan, Dana Dana Bowers, Bowers, Mervin Mervin Blacow, Blacow, Kenneth Kenneth James James Buchanan Buchanan behind behind Gordon.

Group Group of of Division Division Highways Highways of of landscape landscape architects architects discuss discuss planting planting of of interchange, interchange, including, including, left left fo fo right:

drought. dense dense forests.

tion tion there there is is always always a a long long summer roadsides. tenance tenance of of are are others others almost almost through like like tunnels tunnels

Even Even areas areas and and of of planning, planning, in in annual annual with with main- planting, planting, precipita- high high sagebrush, sagebrush, greasewood, greasewood, Still and and cacti. cacti.

concerned members members various various staff staff of of entire entire state, state, differing differing only only in in intensity. mile mile of of after after desert desert endless endless through

assistance

mation mation the the Section Section with with

— summer summer constant constant dry dry over over is is the other other granite, granite, highways highways travel travel mile

John John the the Robinson Robinson Public Public Infor- of of

basic basic year. year. This This pattern pattern of of winter winter wet roads roads blasted blasted are are literally literally from from solid

The The been been

series series prepared prepared

has has

by

California" California" "little "little rain rain the for for part part of of

below below sea sea

far far level. level.

Many Many

mountain

knowledge knowledge and and of of of of trees. plants plants

cause cause California" California"

"sunny "sunny also also means

Valley Valley and and Valley Valley Imperial Imperial they they go

problems, problems, the the division's division's and and fund

is is another another climate climate big big problem, problem, be- at at 10,000 10,000 nearly nearly feet feet Death altitude; altitude; in in

will will articles articles maintenance cover cover

much much The The publicized publicized California at at Nevada Nevada 7,000 7,000 more more and and than than some

of of

today's today's Future policy. policy. roadside roadside

herewith.

cross cross several several passes passes over over the the Sierra covers covers System, System, the the implementation

1957 1957 in in

adopted adopted

and and

June, June, printed In In state state California, California, latitude. latitude. highways State State California California Highway on on the the

Concurrent Concurrent Resolution Resolution No. No. 132, stretching stretching and and through through of nearly nearly 10° 10° and and other other ing ing roadside roadside problems

intent intent lative lative in in expressed expressed Assembly in in with with several several a a major major series series on on ranges landscap- of of mountain mountain articles articles

This This increase increase is is in in line line EDITOR'S EDITOR'S with with the the legis- This, This, the the NOTE: NOTE: second variation variation which which are are found found in in a a state

and and landscaping landscaping planting planting is is $4,609,000. all all the the with with micro - climates climates and and soil

while while the the 1960 -61 -61 budget budget for for roadside is is another another Terrain Terrain limiting limiting factor,

127 127 for for and and planting planting erosion erosion control,

desirables desirables survive survive might might the the drought,

Terrain Terrain a a Factor

of of the the Highways Highways Division Division spent spent $606,- live live very very long long without without Some water. water.

year. year. ing ing each each 1950 -51 -51 for for In In instance, the the 90% 90% of of world's world's plants, plants, as as Thus, Thus, few few can the the plants plants we we can can use use are are few.

Highways Highways is is the the which which is is cost, cost, mount- landscaping landscaping in in California California more more which which than soils soils common common in in are are California.

maintaining maintaining on on planting planting California from from consideration consideration nates nates for for highway especially especially in in the the heavy heavy poorly poorly drained

~nJox ~nJox problem problem /~ /~ in in planting planting and long long This This summer summer drought drought can't can't elimi- stand stand but but winter winter the the heavy heavy rains,

od od es es si si — d d Id Id i i Orn Orn

e ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ To cope with this tremendous vari- ety of conditions, it has been neces- sary for the Division of Highways to Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 132— Relative to State Highways develop its own experts. Starting with [Filed with Secretary of State, June 13, 1957.] a single employee back in the 1920's, W~xEns, The Legislature of California finds: the landscaping section organized (a) In the last 10 years more than seven million dollars ($7,000,000) have been under the Design Department, consists spent in planting on state highways, but this amounts to only six-tenths of 1 percent today of 10 well trained landscape of total state highway construction expenditures of the same period; however, main- tenance of this planting has cost more than eight million dollars ($8,000,000) in 10 architects and draftsmen. H. Dana years, and the annual cost is now approaching one million five hundred thousand Bowers, who was the entire section in dollars ($1,500,000) a year; 1929, has continued in charge. Some (b) Past policy of the Highway Commission has been directed purposely toward of Bowers' work in slope erosion con- channeling a maximum amount of available funds into the construction of highway trol has received international atten- mileage that will provide immediate benefits to the traveling public; tion, and his hard-earned knowledge (c) The Division of Highways under present policy undertakes t~vo classes of is being passed on to the younger men. construction work generally under the classification of planting, as follows: i. Roadside development and control, which is 'constructed for the purpose of traffic Two Types of Planting control, economies of maintenance, or other engineering requirements. Within this class is included that work which may be required for erosion control, traffic safety, During the years of the develop- fire control, or trafTic noise abatement; rnent of California's current roadside ii. Landscaping, which is for the purpose of enhancing or preserving the aesthetic policy, two types of planting have values of the highway and its immediate environs; been adopted—"functional planting" (d) Under present policy functional planting for roadside development and control and "urban landscaping." In general, is being done on a minimum basis consistent with actual requirements. Planting for "functional planting" is basically utili- landscaping is being done on freeways on a minimum basis, and almost exclusively tarian, as its name indicates, while in built-up or high3y developed areas; "urban landscaping" goes beyond pure (e) Expenditures for landscaping and for design that enhances the attractiveness of highways are legitimate highway purposes for which the motor traveling public function and seeks aesthetic effects as may properly be expected to pay; well. (f) The appearance of freeways and other highways, and their design and lan3- The modern uses of functional scaping in keeping with the immediate surroundings, especially in metropolitan areas, planting could be said to be an out- are major factors in their acceptance by the public in the affected communities; growth of the early day roadside tree (g) California's freeway development program can be greatly accelerated in the years ahead, plantings for protection largely as a result of the Federal-aid Highway Act of 1956, but such acceleration will depend in great measure on increased from the sun, public acceptance which will for these trees were ac- be encouraged by attractive design and appropriate landscaping of freeways; now, tually functional. However, generally therefore, be it speaking, the use of plants to reduce Resolved by the Assembly of the State of Calif ornia, the Senate thereof concurring, maintenance, costs dates from about As follows: 1930 when maintenance forces began 1. The California Highway Commission and the State Highway Engineer are com- planting mesembryanthemum or "ice- mended for their past policies of economy in the matter of planting and landscaping; plant" to reduce erosion, eliminate 2. In view of the expanded freeway development program now getting under way, weeds and control fire. the State Highway Commission is urged from this time on to give full consideration to functional planting and highway beautification in the formulation of its annual budgets for freeway What Functional Planting Does construction and maintenance and local jurisdictions are en- couraged to participate and cooperate in this program; Some of the things functional plant- 3. The State Highway Engineer is urged from this time on ing to give more attention provides today are erosion con- to enhancement of the appearance of highways (particularly in metropolitan areas), trol; delineation of route, of struc- not only by means of landscaping but also in the original design of structures and tures, of curves; center headlight roadways. Wherever economically feasible under California's climatic condirions, screen; roadside screens to lessen noise, consideration should be given to incorporation of parklike development in highway design; dust and headlight glare; ground cover 4. The Department of Public Works urged for fire control and/or weed control; ~s to portray at the earliest possible time in public hearings or on other appropriate occasions the nature of each proposed and screens for the benefit of adjacent freeway design by means of artists' drawings or other visual aids in order to better development. Plants are used in great inform the public as to the appearance of the freeway and its effect on the community; numbers on cut and fill slopes to con- 5. It is the purpose of this resolution to inform the Highway Commission, the trol wind and water erosion. In many Deparr~nent of Public Works, the State Highway Engineer, and the public generally, cases these functional plantings also that the Legislature .intends that a moderate increase in landscaping and other aspects of attractive design appropriate to conditions in this State be regarded as integral beautify the road and blend it into or features of California's freeway program. enhance the natural landscape. In the 1920's, with the ever increas- ing number of automobiles, the im- portant thing was to get the roads slopes necessary, these became a prob- gram to control erosion. Fences, ~vat- built. Because California's rugged ter- lem. Almost every High`vay District tles, board bafl~es, rocks and asphalt rain made thousands of cut and fill had some sort of experimental pro- were all tried.

March-April 1961 41 rvc_ va 2~ ~ ~~ °4 2' ~4~~ ,LS pv nREAio EE ~avEo .~ a` ~ ww ,00eQ

=o4b ~ C

~ ySC :.~`.,~ .. ••~ `~ ~: `°. ~~;~"1 C3 ~

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Typical planting plan for simple two-quadrant interchange on Santa Ana Freeway in Los Angeles. Plan Balls for almost 75,000 eceplants, 250 jacaranda trees, 150 eucalyptus trees, and more than 1,500 shrubs.

One school of thought in the early erosion started from runoff water at with encouraging results. Eventually days even advocated vertical cuts, tine upper edge. a great deal was learned about slope claiming rain could not fall on such control, and techniques developed in a cut. A few of these cuts were tried Slope Control Developed the 1930's are still used today. experimentally and actually were stable Some of the techniques worked out In general, these techniques include too, for a while, as long as the rainfall by the U. S. Forest Service, the U. S. carefully calculated and flatter angles, came down straight and did not con- Soil Conservation Service, and the Bu- slope "benching", rounded crowns, time too long. They failed quickly, reau of Public Roads were incorpo- and good drainage. The surfaces of ho~~ever, in a driving rain or when rated into California's experiments, the slopes are then held down with

~Nherever possible, existing palms are used in planting plans. These were salvaged from right-of-way and transplanted. plantings of grasses, vines and shrubs. which is implemented by an order of risdiction has adopted proper ordi- Sometimes binding agents such as the Director of Public Works issued nances prohibiting advertising displays straw or a wood grid are used to hold June 21, 1951. Basically this order and "within view" of the freeway which the slope until the plant roots grow. resolution provides that no highway is to be landscaped. This policy ap- These slopes, of course, may be funds will be expended for landscap- plies only to lanclscnped freeways, either on cut or fill sections. They ing of any section of freeway until and certain minimum requirements as are a greater problem today because the local governing body having ju- to regulatory ordinances have been "cut and fill" construction is used more than ever to get the straighter alignment, both vertically and hori- zontally, which is needed to provide safety at today's higher speeds.

"Landscaping" The other kind of planting—"land- scaping"—is understood to mean some- thing more than functional planting. It includes planting which is purely for aesthetic reasons. Landscaping is considered wherever it is necessary to blend the right of way into adjacent development. While this type of planting goes beyond function and strives for pleas- ing effects, nevertheless virtually all of it is also highly functional. It is planted for aesthetic reasons, but it also provides fire and weed control, delineation, headlight, noise and dust screens. Sprinkling systems are usually in- stall'ed in landscaped areas, to give a wider choice of plant materials. With more water, the .plants grow better, and the over-all effect is greener, more lush. Because of the high cost of wa- tering and- maintenance, better land- "Before and After' photos of freeway secfeon of US 101 through San Lugs 06espo fo show elfgcts of planting. Elapsed teme between the iwo phofographs was feve years. Oleanders enmedian of lower lefd scaping can be accomplished when a are later plan}ing. cooperative agreement to cover these costs is made with the community. Such agreements allow much more latitude on design and choice of plants, and have resulted in some of the finest sections of landscaped freeway.

Billboard Control Early in the days of freeway land- scaping—(landscaped freeways were then called "parkways")—the Division of Highways found it was virtually useless to landscape without adequate zoning controls against billboards. Ob- viously, the purpose of beautiful land- scaping may be defeated by excessive advertising display. The current policy of the Division of Highways is set forth in a resolu- tion adopted by the. California High- way Commission on April 19, 1951,

March-April 7 461

44

California California Highways Highways and and Works Public Public

some some

soils. permanent permanent outlets outlets sprinklers sprinklers is is and and of The The new new plantings plantings the the have have then then wet

can can

erode erode

galleys galleys several several

feet feet

deep deep Therefore Therefore in location location the the water of of mer mer before before the the too too soil soil wet wet is is to to work.

before before

rains rains

occur, occur, as as one one heavy heavy rain

wise wise the the plants. kill kill most most

plantings plantings

made made must must

be be in in sum-

as as soon soon

possible possible

after after completion completion and

traffic, traffic,

would would which which eventually eventually other-

can can these these staggered, staggered,

demands demands

be be for

the the

slopes- slopes-

get get

this this

straw straw

treatment treatment as

film film

generated generated the the

moving

fast fast by by

eries eries can can provide provide notice. notice. on on short short Nor

specially specially

designed designed

roller. roller. It It is is essential

each each to to eliminate eliminate the the week week greasy greasy dust

commercial commercial all all the the than than

—more —more

nurs-

is is

incorporated incorporated

into into the the soil soil

with with

a

washed washed be be must must at at way way least least off off once

at at one one

jobs jobs several several time time

if if

starting

are are

must must

treat treat

the the slopes slopes with with straw. straw.

This

reason, reason, the the close close plants plants traveled to to the the

cover cover ground ground needed needed

are are cuttings cuttings

all

tracts tracts

specify specify

that that the the

contractor

indefinitely. indefinitely. watered watered for for no no If If other

shrubs shrubs

trees, trees, and and and and

a a half half

million

recommend recommend

that that construction construction

con-

urban urban landscaping landscaping Ue must must jobs jobs

Sometimes Sometimes

hundred hundred a a

thousand

For For

instance, instance, studies studies these these often

adequate adequate to to support support them. them. is is Most

quantities?

lems lems

which which would would

be be expensive:

years years

several several their their before before root root system

straggly? straggly? they they or or Can Can be be obtained obtained in

it it

possible possible

to to avoid avoid

maintenance maintenance prob-

plants plants

must must hardy hardy

be be

irrigated irrigated for

local local compact compact the the climate— and and bushy,

tised. tised.

This This

advance advance study study often often makes

watering, watering,

even even drought-

as as the the is is

the the will will character character of of be be the the plants plants in

completed completed

or or the the contract contract is is adver-

The The

important important consideration most most

becomes becomes earth earth the the saturated? saturated? What

and and trol trol planting planting before before the the

plans plans are

Most Most Wafering Wafering Important

hold hold soil, soil, they they or or the the will will slide slide when ommendation ommendation concerning concerning erosion erosion con-

rooted rooted deep deep plants plants to to penetrate penetrate and

Landscape Landscape Architects Architects office office for for rec- can can be be

written.

soil soil Is Is alkaline? alkaline? the the or or acid acid Are Are the

plans plans are are referred referred to to the the Supervising considered considered specifications

the the before before

in in latitude? latitude? this this What What drainage? about about

All All highway highway construcrion construcrion project contracts contracts and and things things many many be

must must

Will Will do do a a well well they they on on south south

slope

Advance Advance Plan Plan Study soils. soils. Planting Planting jobs jobs as as are are let let separate

traffic. moving moving territory. growth, growth, plant plant isting isting exposures exposures and

their their and and for for ability ability to to thrive thrive close close to advertising advertising displays displays in in unincorporated ing ing studying studying local local slopes, slopes, ex- terrain, terrain,

to to ability ability growing growing local local conditions, vertising vertising Act Act controls controls the the of erecrion erecrion checking" checking" part part every every of of climb- them, them,

effect effect their their visually, visually, for for adapt- their their incorporated incorporated cities. cities. The The Outdoor Outdoor Ad- required required freeway freeway is is on on sections, sections, "field

the the job. job. Plans Plans be be considered considered must must for order order applies applies freeways freeways only only to to within tion tion planted. planted. to to be be Several Several time day's day's

effect. effect. smooth smooth is is But But this this part part only only of in in its its form, form, present present the the Director's sonnel sonnel in in detail detail study study minute minute the the sec-

few few only only varieties varieties and and a a create create 1953 1953 a of of the the Outdoor Outdoor Advertising Advertising Act headquarters headquarters project, project, landscaping landscaping per-

motorist's motorist's attention, attention, it it is is best best to to use With With the the and and revision revision adoption adoption in mission mission approves approves funds funds a a planting for for

broken broken dramatic dramatic or or effects effects divert divert the fore fore landscaping landscaping be be performed. will will completed, completed, is is the the and and Highway Highway Com-

a a new new up up of of problems. problems. set set Since worked worked out, out, which which must must met met be be be- After After a a highway highway construction construction job

Choosing Choosing kind kind the the of of plants plants brings

Choiee Choiee Plants of of

entire entire cover cover wall.

to to save save right Costs. Costs. was was -of Planting Planting -way -way put put request request in in of of at at Village Village

Church. Church. ivy ivy Creeping Creeping will even{ually even{ually

from from interchange interchange to to interchange.

High High wall wall retaining retaining was was here here Diego Diego neeessary neeessary on on San San in in Village, Village, Freeway Freeway Westwood Westwood Angeles Angeles Los Los County,

way way right -of -way -way progresses as as it it

the the odd odd angles angles and and curves curves of of the the free-

of of the the sprinklers sprinklers must must be be fitted fitted into

sprinkler sprinkler system, system, the the arcs arcs and and throws

man's man's job job safer. safer. planning planning In In the

cles, cles, and and to to make make maintenance the the

being being off off broken broken by by wheels wheels of of vehi-

fill, fill, the the off off , shoulder, to to prevent prevent their

best best located located just just the the over over edge edge of of the

ble, ble, the the service service outlets outlets themselves themselves are

ning ning sprinkler sprinkler systems. systems. Where Where possi-

motorists, motorists, be be must must considered considered in in plan-

as as prevailing prevailing winds winds the the foibles foibles and and of

Apparently Apparently unrelated unrelated factors, factors, such

the the pavement, pavement, either.

croach. croach. Obviously, Obviously, they they not not must must wet

sprinklers sprinklers set set are are do do so so they they not not en-

be be a a nuisance, nuisance, great great and and highway

water, water, the the come come free free actually actually would it it

adjacent adjacent would would property property owners owners wel-

-way. -way. right -of Although Although it it seem might might

grounds grounds not not private private wet wet beyond beyond the

area area un~vatered, un~vatered, but but also also they they must

they they be be so so leave leave placed placed planted no no

concern. concern. Not Not major major must must only only they winter in which to get established. A system of advance ordering and buy- ing has been worked out to help han- dle the tremendous demands.

Plants Propagated Beforehand The Division's Service and Supply Department is notified of the plant needs through a request form. A num- ber of bids are obtained by the State Purchasing Division, and the plants are ordered in advance of delivery. The time between the date of the order and the date of delivery may ne a few months or over a year, to give the supplying nursery a chance to propagate and/or collect the plants. Delivery in such cases is normally made to one or the other of the two storage yards the Division of High- ways maintains. One of these is located adjacent to the State Nursery at Davis , the other at the Clinton Street maintenance station located be- tween the separated roadways of the Hollywood Freeway near Vermont Avenue in Los Angeles. Plants are cared for by Division of Highways landscape maintenance personnel during the time they are in the storage yards awaiting pick up by the various landscape contractors. The contractor Fast growing acacias creafe lush efiecf in six years after planting on Santa Ana Freeway-Long Beach gets these plants "state-furnished" and Freeway interchange, Los Angeles. allows for these free plants in his bid- ding on the planting job. The con- ful in the southern part of the state, sions for contractors working of De- tractor's effective date for beginning are handled somewhat differently. partment of Public Works contracts. iceplant planting contracts is con- These orders, which may run into as These are generalizations which per- trolled by the specifications which do many as half a million plants for one tain to all planting—both landscaping not permit planting until there has job, specify holding the plants at the and functional. A number of other been sufficient rainfall to moisten the supplying nursery until needed, al- considerations enter into functional earth to a depth of at least foot. one though the nursery is given a firm planting as such, although, as hereto- order well in advance. Often the con- before stated, much of the so-called Ground Covers tract specifies the contractor may, if "landscape" planting is also essentially Orders for ground covers, such as he desires, take iceplant and vinca functional. the ivy which has been very success- (periwinkle) plants from already well established plantings on state right of Median Screen Planting way, if he can do it without serious Probably the functional planting damage to the original planting. most noted by the public is the planted . The primary purpose The contractor is bound by a num- of this center planting is to shield ber of rigid stipulations. The plants the driver's eyes at night from the tiring must thrive. This requires him to effect of the headlights of oncoming water and care for them about four cars in the opposite lanes. Its second- months after the actual planting is ary purpose is to diminish the completed. He must clean up the area speed of, or stop, cars crossing before and after the median planting. Specifica- when out of control. tions covering the use of commercial These cross-median accidents are fertilizer, manure, and other soil con- relatively rare, but they may result in Prior }o writing specifications on contract prelimi- ditioners must be followed. nary {o call for bids, new sections fo be planted In addition head-on collisions with fatalities if must be carefully checked against plans. he is bound by all the general provi- there is no barrier at all. A good

March-April 1961 45

in held held is is framework framework square. square. The The

a a yard appro~mately appro~mately openings, openings, with with

horizontally, x x 1 1 4's 4's 4's 4's x x —2 —2 vertically, vertically,

wood of of grid grid is is basis basis a a Its Its square square yard. yard.

$3 $3 per to to —$2 —$2 expensive relatively relatively

is and and slopes, slopes, steep steep is is for for type type This This

justified. is is A" A" "Type "Type this this as as such such

cases and and in in stabilization stabilization slope slope of of types types

three has has section section landscaping landscaping The The

Stabilization Slope Slope

slipping. from from slopes slopes the the control control

help help

`

~- ~- ~.. ~..

to planting planting

functional functional use use and and fills fills <. ~, ~, ~ ~ ~' ~'

and cuts cuts on on slopes slopes steeper steeper to to resort resort

cases these these in in must must Engineers Engineers high. high.

very are are values values property property where where cost cost

.<

-way -of right in in millions millions saves saves times times

some- but but funds, funds, maintenance maintenance save save

can only only not not It It planting. planting. functional functional of of

job major major another another is is control control Slope Slope

accidents. traffic traffic in in

death from from saved saved has has shrub shrub certainly certainly

the lives lives of of number number the the be be must must

ity ity

Them. around around natural natural grade grade

possibil- meager meager

very very a a

against against anced anced

preserve to to walls walls retaining retaining by by were were saved saved building building Pasadena Pasadena Freeway Freeway on on sycamores sycamores native native Existing Existing

Bal- oleanders. oleanders. its its by by poisoned poisoned being being

ever stock stock or or people people either either of of record record

no has has Highways Highways of of

The The Division Division

a oleander), oleander), (Neriu~ft (Neriu~ft as as it oleander, oleander, the the character character its its change change nor nor high, high,

unpalatable.

and and bitter bitter are are than better better fit fit requirements requirements too these these grow grow not not will will must must It It willowy. willowy. too too nor nor

which of of

leaves leaves

the the

shrubs, shrubs, the the by by ing ing which found found has has been been No No brittle shrub shrub neither neither strong, strong, be be stems, stems, many many

poison-

from from

than than

traffic traffic

from from

danger danger

with

clumps, clumps, in in grow grow It It must must round. round.

Purpose

for for Best Best

Oleander Oleander

greater

much much

in in

be be ~.vould ~.vould shrubs, shrubs, they they h year the leaves leaves its its retain retain and and glare, glare,

the of of

vicinity vicinity

the the to to to to get get managed. managed. cheaply. headlight stop stop to to densely densely gro`v gro`v must must It It

stock or or

children children either either if if case, case, any any In In numbers in in great great obtained obtained be be can can it it properties. many many have have must must plantings plantings

median.

the the

in in

far far planted planted are are by by ber ber so propagated propagated be be easily easily should should it it and and these these median used used for for shrub shrub The The

num- greatest greatest the the

but but

roads, roads, frontage frontage ornamental, should should be be It It soggy soggy winter. winter. barriers. median median

along

fences fences

freeway freeway inside inside made made are are wet, a a through through of of California, California, parts parts types types of other other develop develop to to ments ments

plantings

few few

A A shrub." shrub." "poisonous "poisonous many in in soil soil found found adobe adobe the the in in heavy heavy experi- dollars dollars on on of of thousands thousands many many

a

planting planting is is Highways Highways of of Division Division particularly soil, soil, of of in in hinds hinds many many vive vive has has spent Division Division the the and and practical, practical,

the because because

received received are are complaints complaints able able sur- to to must must It It be be automobiles. automobiles. by by is is always not not purpose purpose this this for for planting planting

occasional planting, planting, park park and and home home in in gases gases produced to to and and the the drought, drought, to to course, Of Of others. others. of of path path into into the the

used

widely widely is is the the oleander oleander Although Although resistant hig}ily hig}ily be be must must It It hig11. hig11. feet feet bact: it it throw throw does does not not and and control, control,

region.

Mediterranean Mediterranean the the to to native native ten eight eight and and between between clumps clumps thick thick in in of out out is is which which car car a a stops stops or or slows slows

and family, family, dogbane dogbane of of the the member member grow

should should it it preferably preferably — older gets gets shock, the the absorbs absorbs planting planting median median

Davis. of of 40 40 south south just just US US on on bridges bridges

Freeway.

Hollywood Hollywood Pass Pass

section section

of of

control control Cahuenga Cahuenga

in in slope slope A A Type Type of of Example Example short series series of of of of delineation delineation for for used used Toyon Toyon California California and and Eucalyptus Eucalyptus place with stakes. The openings are Type A, and is used wherever there filled with compacted top soil, then is danger that the toe of slopes might covered with six inches of straw. slump and intrude on adjacent prop- Finally wire mesh is laid over the erty or communications facilities. whole and fastened to the grid. Type C is used on 1 %z :1 or flatter Ground cover is then planted in the slopes and consists of straw rolled into soil beneath the mesh and straw. a cultivated surface and planted. If Type A slope stabilization ~~as first seed is used instead of plants the seed- used on the ~ Arroyo Seco ing is done before the straw is placed. (no~~ the Pasadena Freeway) in the Los Angeles area. Although these Ground Covers Use4ul slopes are quite steep (one to one), Ivies and iceplant are used in great there have been no serious failures in quantities for these different slope and more than 20 years. Much of the controls, and for control of `veeds wooden part of the slope control has also. They are often used in both rotted out by now, but the plant urban and rural areas as fire control roots have spread and matted so that cover, too, because they stay green the structural support is no longer and are not flammable. This is a far needed. cry from the 1920's when maintenance crews burned the Type B stabilization, commonly roadsides each year as the grass got dry and became used on 1 %Z to 1 slopes, is similar to a Photo of contractor's crew planting interchange on menace. Hollywood Type A, without the wooden grid. Freeway Extension in Norfh Hollywood A number of hardy gives good idea of scope of planting jobs. Small It costs about two-thirds as much as shrubs have circles are wetted planting holes with newly been used for sound, dust, and head- planted shrubs. Dots are empty gallon cans. light screens on the sides of urban freeways—several of the acacias, eu- betv~~een 100,000 and 200,000 shrubs, calypti, and California natives are the Division of Highways more than used for these purposes with excellent compensates for those which must be results. The eucalypti also have proven removed for straightening or realign- to be one of the most useful trees for ing the routes. This fact is often over- use in the grid sections, delineation of looked when critics complain of tree overcrossings, curves, bridges, and destruction. It also is important to general screen planting. remember there are practical finan- These are all specific values obtained cial ceilings on landscaping which can from planting. In addition there are be raised only by added taxation or by the intangible values obtained, the reducing expenditures for highway softening and increased interest given modernization. the roadside area—both functional and (The next article on California ABOVE. Young lady making iceplant cuttings on beautifying. With between piecework basis for contractor who is ploniing 25,000 and Roadsides will discuss the problems of freeway median nearby. 50,000 trees planted each year, and maintenance..)

BELOW. Contractor's crew and equipment planting iceplant cuttings in median, Santa Ana Freeway, near Tustin.

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Highways Highways Works Public Public California California and and 48 48

assist assist grade grade establishing establishing for The The in in control control structure. structure. or or inside gutter gutter the on on forces forces other other at at which which attack attack of of gle gle

to was was the the in in used used concrete existing existing tion, tion, an an experiment experiment properly properly to to match match an- equilibrium equilibrium some some exists exists There There

the the -0" -0" 10 rigid rigid a a screed sec- with with of of center center 30' end end his his -foot -foot control control to to tempt tempt skier. water water a a to to ilar ilar

4" 4" will will x x %" %" bar bar steel steel at- a a of of x then then consisting consisting man man screed screed outside outside The The sim- manner manner a a surface surface that that rides rides in in on on

laid laid are are Figure Figure mats mats in in sho~vn sho~vn the the first. 2, follower follower The The outside outside usually usually screed the the effect, effect, In In surface. surface. paved paved

width; the the span span to to are are mats mats required required the by by solely solely supported supported side. however, however,

four four roads roads more or or streets, streets, and and normal normal is, structure structure on on screen screen the the accomplished accomplished of of is is opposite trol trol the the weight weight

final final On result. result. the the in in appear appear lations lations The arms. arms. two two the the by by draft draft conditions. conditions. job job con- suit suit to to assembly assembly Transverse Transverse

undu- base base the the and and thickness thickness constant constant screed the the tows tows unit unit other tractor tractor the the The The to to side side one one from from transferred transferred

be be to to tends tends of undulations, undulations, mat mat the the follows: be can can screed screed grade grade type type arrangement arrangement follo`ver follo`ver

base length length wave wave longer longer For For surfacing. surfacing. floating- payer's payer's the the of of characteristics characteristics automatic automatic The allow allow to to operation. operation.

of succeeding succeeding each each -half -half layer layer in in one main of of a a functions functions the the review review screed screed respective respective to to vice vice adjusting adjusting screws

approximately by by reduced reduced is is roughness roughness de- how how the the better better To To are are Motor" Motor" understand understand Drive Drive connected "Right "Right

that show show practice practice and and Theory Theory Drive Drive Motor" Motor" "Left "Left as as and indicated indicated Explained Operation Operation

4. 4. 3 3 and and so. motors Drive Drive 2, 2, 1, 1, or or feet feet Figures Figures in in

tity tity

limitations.

20 than than less less length length of of is is are are installed installed wave wave as as control control ness ness shown mental mental

quan-

exceeding exceeding

without without obtained obtained be be

base base the the rough- the the if if of of travel travel of of Photographs Photographs direction direction experi- surface. surface.

could

section section

and and surfacing surfacing of of

cross cross

the in in surface surface a a produce produce paved on on smooth smooth slope slope transverse transverse to to the the preset preset

grade

improved improved if if

determine determine to to also also

paver the the cause cause to to tends tends maintaining maintaining base, base, wheel wheel thereby thereby a a constant first, first,

and

conditions, conditions,

than than worse worse on on

average average

tractor long long moderately moderately a a with with end end follow follow to to screed screed the the of of the bined bined other other

control

the the

paver paver

automatic automatic of of eration eration

surface. surface. com- principle, principle, will will That That which which the paved paved cause cause slope slope control control

op-

the the

test test

to to

ideal ideal be be to to

considered considered

the in in occur occur and and breaks breaks end end transverse one one a a cannot cannot screed screed the the of of abrupt abrupt

therefore,

was, was,

operation operation surfacing surfacing

normal normal conditions, under under following following that, that, grade grade a a on sures sures system system employs employs

of

type type The The

subgrade. subgrade.

prepared prepared over over

as- principle principle screed screed floating floating paver paver The The experimental experimental control The The

concrete of of course course asphaltic asphaltic leveling leveling

Grnde Follows Follows

Breaks Prevents Prevents regulation a a to to smoothness smoothness in in parable parable

man. coin- as as be be considered considered not not could could ment ment

skill skill the the by by limited limited screed the the tent tent of of roughness. base base remove remove to to quired quired treat- such such after after pavement pavement existing existing the the

a a to to is is

obtained obtained ex-

great great smoothness smoothness

re- often often is is thickness thickness paving paving variable variable superelevations, curve curve of of up up building building

smooth smooth the the so so however, however, of mat; mat;

degree degree

that

smooth, smooth, never never almost almost are are ment ment and failures failures pavement pavement major major of of ing ing

that that

will will lay lay it it to to

tend tend existing existing inherently inherently a of of

pave- the the slopes slopes transverse transverse level- advance advance for for material material surfacing surfacing

screed screed be be can can it it principle, principle, seen

and grade grade the the where where work work readily readily surfacing surfacing provided plans plans contract contract the the though though

the the

on on true true employing employing paver paver particularly particularly floating

is is re- the the This This side. side. Al- .section. .section. cross cross and and grade grade regular regular

preceding preceding of

From From

each description description on on man man screed screed the the -time -time afull having having ir- of of a a surface surface pavement pavement on on device device

sometimes sometimes necessitate work work of of types types paver. the of of characteristics characteristics operational operational the the

on on tolerances tolerances all -day -day almost almost present achieved achieved manually manually a a on on controlled observe to to control control electronic electronic the the of of

sides, sides, both both control control but adequately adequately to to is is accuracy accuracy always desired desired not not use experimental experimental the the for for chosen chosen was was

man man able is is one one Generally, Generally, sides. sides. two two a a the the of of common common is is and screed screed fault, fault, low low pavement, standard standard existing existing over over

angles angles the on on required. required. -arm -arm is is -to- justment justment controlling - Over draft screed ent ent surface surface -inch -inch aone for for course vides vides

maintaining maintaining what what differ- anticipate anticipate to to try try ad- by by and and laid laid ahead ahead be be can can mat mat particular particular pro- which which project, project, This This

man man tapered a a screed screed Thus, Thus, The The look must must rection. rection. independently. independently. most most locations. three three at at used used was was

of of achievement achievement the the rection rection act act sides sides two two and and cor- al- the the so so that that flexible flexible device vas vas The The experimentally. experimentally. used used

fora fora need need the the between between cor- terposed terposed torsionally is is structure structure screed screed The The paver a a control control to to attached attached device device

15 15 to to 10 10 of of in- feet feet distance distance or or delay delay value. increased increased its its automatic automatic an an grade at at

Thus, Thus, thickness. thickness. is is there there time a a mat mat is is thickness thickness constant the the Thereafter, Thereafter, Counties, Riverside Riverside

immediate immediate no no the on on produces produces effect effect reached. again again is is thickness thickness equilibrium equilibrium and Bernardino Bernardino

the the in in a a screed screed change change adjustment that that the until until forward forward goes goes machine machine the the in in locations locations San

the the screed screed floating floating namely, principle; principle; as rises rises screed screed screw. screw. the the Then Then ated ated various at at concrete concrete

another another by by of difficult difficult aspect aspect more more hand -oper- the the of of means means by by creased creased

with with ment ment asphalt

task task the the of of

The The screed screed made is is man man is is arm arm in- draft draft relative relative to to screen screen pave- existing existing face face

VIII VIII

ness. of attack attack of of angle angle thickness, thickness, increase increase to to Project Project resur-

of of measurements measurements periodic periodic constant. constant. thicic- mat mat To thickness thickness remains remains ment ment blanlcet" "thin "thin VIII VIII DISTRICT DISTRICT

guide guide no no has has for man man except except screed screed the the and and balance balance in in are are pave- screed screed D1StT1Ct THE THE ON ON

Engineer Construction Construction District District CRAWFORD, CRAWFORD, W. W. H. H. By By

In In Operations Resurfacing Resurfacing

Device Device Experimental Experimental Used ~~ ~~ the first mat placed, usually the right lane. This 30-foot semi-rigid follower, to the center of which the follower arm was attached, ~~as passed over the existing pavement, resting on the hig11 spots and bridging the low spots to a considerable extent. The flexible ends were designed to deflect sufFi- ciently to conform to the radii of the many short vertical curves encountered on this project. figure 3 shows the follower used to pick up grade for the adjacent mat for the left lane. This follower, or ski, was a short section of %z" x 4" steel bar attached to the follower arm. Note that this follower rides on the top of the mat already in place and com- pacted. FIGURE 1. Rear view of paver showing fransverse beam which supports pendulum Arm Extends Forward and control equipment. Anticipatory action, which is diffi- cult for the screed man to accomplish manually, is obtained on the grade follower side by having the follower arm extend forward toward the draft arm to union center. In effect, the control will cause the screed to auto- matically follow the same path it would take if the base on which the paver runs were absolutely parallel to the selected grade reference surface. That end of the screed thus becomes independent of the tractor elevation and base roughness. Proper anticipation is needed on the other end of the screed also, because the pendulum, being mounted on the screed, will not immediately respond FIGURE 2. View of to the adjustments left side of paver showing arm and 30-foot of the second obtained fo►lower skid in place. Grade control is from bottom edge of skid which travels screed screw. However, when the sec- over surface of existing pavement or subgrade. ond screw is driven in response to an error signal from the transverse slope control system, a change in screed "~; twist angle will occur. This angle is measured by a potentiometer, and the resulting electrical signal is used to oppose the pendulum signals, thus stopping the second screed motor at the proper time.

Mat is Plaeed First At locations on this contract where the control device was used, the tra- veled way consists predominantly of two 12-foot lanes with variable width shoulders. The mat for the right-hand lane was placed first, with the paver traveling in the direction of traffic for FIGURE that lane. 3. View of left side of paver showing follower All traffic was carried arm and metal ski in operation. Note that ski travels on surface of completed adjacent mat. March-April 1961 d~9

50 50 Highways Highways California California Public Public Works and and

handle> screw screw

compacted compacted

means means

by by of of mat mat

a a grade

wheel wheel depending depending on on job job conditions. conditions. Note Note electric electric motor motor on on draft draft and and arm arm box, box, gear gear

screed beneath beneath

tronically tronically

the the

adjacent

grade grade

the the

of of

FIGURE FIGURE 4. 4. right right View View side side of of with with of of paver paver follower follower arm arm in in place. place. $kid $kid spline spline is is or or used used

instead instead

of

matic matic control, control, picking picking up up by by elec-

adjacent adjacent or or opposing opposing The The mats. mats. auto-

automatic automatic control control between joint joint is is the the

materially materially improved improved by by is is of of the use use

Another Another feature feature resurfacing resurfacing of of that

Arc Arc Joints Joints Mafehed

automatic automatic control control was was also also used.

locations locations on on other other routes routes where where the

and and improved improved also also qualities qualities riding riding at

qualities qualities riding riding the the this this of of test test section,

transverse transverse added added slope slope materially materially to

required. required. use use The The of of a a near near uniform

adjustments adjustments the the necessary necessary with with ease ease as

determined determined and and the the man man screed screed made

hundred hundred eral eral in in advance advance feet feet were were pre-

thickness thickness limitations. limitations. Slopes Slopes for for sev-

as as necessary necessary remain remain to to within within mat

crowned crowned the the roads, roads, slope slope was was varied

terial terial when when resurfacing resurfacing old old high-

transverse transverse slope slope tends tends to to use use more more ma-

matic matic control control was was As As used. used. uniform a a

also also uniform uniform more more where where the the auto-

transverse transverse of of slope slope pavement pavement the the is

evidence evidence of of correcrive correcrive work. work. The

noticeable noticeable of of lack lack patched patched areas areas or

by by manual manual grade grade control. control. There There is is a

is is slightly slightly better better than than surfacing surfacing placed

surfacing surfacing placed placed by by automatic automatic control

The The general general appearance appearance the the of of re-

two -mile -mile trial trial section.

practically practically the the same same throughout throughout the

curves. curves. the the The The riding riding qualities qualities were

point point and and inadequate inadequate superelevation superelevation at

with with excessive excessive at at crown crown the the quarter

the the pavement pavement was was also also very very irregular slope slope few few every every hundred hundred to to feet feet fit the the with with paving paving machine machine man- under under

edge edge failures. failures. The The transverse transverse slope slope was was of necessary necessary to to slightly slightly surfaced surfaced the vary vary the the in in conventional conventional manner

containing containing many many cracks, cracks, patches, patches, imposed imposed the the by by and specificarions, specificarions, job job it one one At At location, location, a a portion portion was was re-

ment ment

generally generally was was in in poor poor condition, and and ment ment to to the the

quantity quantity limitations

Compared

Results Results

out out two the the -mile -mile stretch. stretch. and and The The cross cross pave- section section of of the the existing existing pave-

slope slope cal cal control. curves curves to to irregularly irregularly Due Due irregularities irregularities spaced spaced in in through- the the grade

ten ten screed screed are are horizontal horizontal was was automatic automatic under under curves curves 37 37 the the and and paver paver transverse with with board. a a verti- slope slope

following following As As tion. tion. before, before, the the the the natural natural outside outside terrain. terrain. ing ing of of the the end end existing existing pavement pavement the There ahead ahead of

with with pavement pavement an an edge edge to to allow allow undulating undulating grade grade for for was was compac- line line determined determined closely in in advance advance by by check-

spread spread is is characterized characterized material material slightly slightly by by required required curved curved above above slope. slope. the The The alignment transverse transverse slope

lane, lane, constructed constructed the the with with zero zero some some adjustment adjustment trol trol thirty thirty set set with with to slope slope years years the the ago. ago. dial dial It set set at at the

of of the the way way compacted compacted is is old old an an mat mat the the two for for under under -lane -lane first road road automatic automatic transverse transverse originally slope slope con-

The The directly directly veled veled above above along along the the two inside inside The The -mile -mile edge outside outside of of of of stretch stretch end end the the screed screed high- was

was was run run a a short short skid skid metal metal bottom bottom that that tra- edge edge of of grade grade the the follower. tained tained by by use use of of conventional conventional control.

traffic. traffic. The The grade grade

follower follower for for one one this terial terial inch inch compacted compacted the above above automatic automatic the the control control with with results results ob-

paver paver operated operated

in in the the adjustment adjustment direction direction zero zero of was was set set to to ma- spread spread compare compare results results obtained obtained by by use use of

laid laid in in

a a

similar similar manner, manner, in in left left that that of of the the the centerline centerline traffic traffic The stripe. stripe. istics istics of of the the automatic automatic control control but but to

mat mat

The The for for the the opposing opposing lane lane existing existing pavement pavement was a a few few inches inches to to the not not only only the the operational operational character-

foot foot steel steel was was bar) bar) run run directly directly on on the the the about about screed screed with with ease. on on this this stretch stretch of of highway highway to observe to

follower follower grade grade (in (in this this case, case, 30- the the formed formed operation operation this this and and other other duties trol trol Conditions Conditions device. device. were were favorable

For For

laying laying the the of of this this first first the mat, mat, was was in in motion. motion. One One screed screed man man per- handled handled automatically automatically with with the the con-

of of roadbed. the the

changed changed required required as as while while the the paver the the grade grade control control of of the the paver paver was

through through construction construction on on the the half other other conditions. conditions. The The slope slope setting setting was ual ual control, control, and and on on another another portion follower riding directly on the edge of the adjacent mat, assures that the correct amount of material will be placed to provide a perfectly matched and smooth-riding joint. Based on observed results of the experimental use of the electronic control on portions of this contract, it can be said that the device, when employed, shows promise of greatly improving the operation of a floating screed paver. Its usefulness to control pavement grade over a prepared sub- grade should prove to be even more marked than was demonstrated on this resurfacing job. The observed benefits to be derived from use of the automatic control ap- pear to be as follows: View of left side and back of paver with electronie grade control in picking up grade from operation. Follower arm with ski adjacent mat. Note perfect grade of uncompacted 1. Provides positive ma! slightly high fo allow for grade and slope compaction. control, thereby removing the guess work from anricipatory screed manipulation. 2. Improves riding qualities of as- phalt concrete pavement. 3. Tends to eliminate corrective work at edges and center joint. 4. Simplifies duties of screed man and eliminates need for two screed men on difficult work. The electronic control device used on this project is an experimental model. When production models be- come available a full scale evaluation will be made to determine the effect on all types of asphalt concrete pav- ing operations.

View of paver and grade control attachments. Follower arm and 30-foot metal straight edge in tion. Note tha{ straight edge does not opera- NEW U.S. 399 ROUTING interfere with operation of other equipment. The California Highway Commis- sion has adopted a freeway routing for the relocation of 7.6 miles of U.S. Highway 399 in Kern County between 2.25 miles northeast of Valley West Road and 0.2 mile east of State High- way Route 139 (Enos Lane). The adopted route cuts easterly across anorth-stop loop which the present highway makes west of the Kern River. East of the river the adopted route follows the existing highway.

The U.S. Bureau of Public Roads has estimated total travel in the United States for 1960 to be 720 billion vehi- cle miles, a three percent increase over the previous year. Close up view of follower arm and rigid center portion of 30-foot straight edge. March-April 1961 ~ ~

Californ►a Californ►a

52 52

Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

FREEWAY FREEWAY • • ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ • • ROUTE ROUTE ADOPTED

- - -~ -~ FREEWAY FREEWAY UNDER UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

i01 i01 MONTEREY MONTEREY

IN IN COUNTY

U.S. U.S.

COMPLETED COMPLETED

LANE LANE

4 4

DIVIDED DIVIDED FREEWAY FREEWAY

~ ~

COMPLETED COMPLETED LANE LANE 4 4 DIVIDED DIVIDED R R P P E E R R S S O O G G S S EXPRESSWAY EXPRESSWAY FOUR FOUR I I I I N N LA LA N N NG

LEGEND

SALIN~S SALIN~S snNTn snNTn eiTn eiTn ~ ~

101 101

GON~~aES GON~~aES ~~= ~~=

10

~~ ~~ '~ -~ -~ GR GR ENFIELD ENFIELD `~ -- -- r~

SOLE SOLE

DAD DAD — — ' ' ~ ~ CITY KING KING

Pinnacles To To } }

say say ae~~ta

large large caused caused by by tion tion vegetable vegetable pro-

the the using using coupled coupled route, route, conges- with with

the the increasing increasing volume volume from from of of traffic

inate inate deficiencies deficiencies traffic traffic restulting the the fhe fhe railroad.

The The

interchange interchange Soledad Soledad south south of of and and just just north north of of the the

Salinas Salinas The The River. River. old old highway highway (right) (right) goes goes under This This originated originated project project was was to to elim-

Problem Congestion Congestion Was Was

December December last last eleventh.

zales zales opened opened was was which which public to to the the

expressway expressway between between Soledad Soledad and and Gon-

perienced perienced beneficial beneficial effects effects the the of of the

traveling traveling public public The The already already has has ex-

stop stop sign sign between. in in

distance distance 48 48 without without miles miles of of a a single

between between Salinas Salinas 101 101 and and King King a City, City,

quately quately needs needs traffic traffic all all serve serve U. U. S. on on

divided divided highway highway lane lane artery artery to to ade-

we we provide provide shall shall able able a a to to be be four- full full

completion completion of of these these two two last last projects

freeway freeway bypass bypass is is imminent. imminent. With

Construction Construction field. field. of of Gonzales the the

way way freeway freeway on on bypass bypass Green- the the of of

Construction Construction now now is is well well under

States. United United

referred referred Bowl Bowl Salad Salad the as as the the of of to to

Valley, Valley, Salinas Salinas fertile fertile rich, rich, the the often

the the flows flows heart heart it it 101 101 through through as as of

added added U. U. been been S. have have artery artery to to traffic traffic

of of a a modern, modern, safe

Soledad, Soledad, miles nine nine

the the city city passing passing of

mile mile freeway freeway by-

zales zales a a three- and and

Soledad Soledad Gon- and and

pressway pressway between

~j ~j of of a a six -mile -mile ex-

competion

CeSSfUl CeSSfUl DISTRICT DISTRICT

WITH WITH SllC- THE THE

M. M. By By HASH, HASH, A. A. District District Engineer

Tragic Tragic Bring Bring Relief Relief to to Area

New New U.S. U.S. Freeway Freeway 101 101 Sections Spanning the Salinas River south of Soledad with n twin fo the existing Piling shown ]n place for twin struePures over fhe ra~r~oad and old high- bridge. The Arroyo Seco overhead between Soledad and Greenfield is way (front eenter). The 5oledad Bypass and Salinas River are in the visible (center background). background. duce trucks operating during harvest vas constructed to free`vay standards A second, nearly identical structure,. season. This last factor naturally led with full access control and necessary the Camphora Overcrossing near Sole- to considerable unsafe use of shoul- grade separation structures. The re- dade, provides easy access to many ders for passing purposes, often at ex- maining 1.2-mile section was con- adjacent vegetable farms and dairy cessive speeds. structed to expressway standards with ranches. at Our expressway location parallels two crossings of the expressway The surrounding land within the will be con- the previously existing highway and grade level. This section limits of the project is relatively flat standards with is slightly easterly thereof, ~~e were verted to full freeway and drainage is critical. Although the structures able to utilize approximately 60 per necessary grade separation average rainfall is only 10 inches, the Gon- cent of the old highway as south- and frontage roads as part of the surrounding fields are subject to heavy bound lanes with the remainder used zales freeway bypass project. irrigation. The combination of rainfall runoff over level land_ as frontage roads. The old highway Two Structures Built and irrigation was naturally resurfaced and brought Two overcrossings were constructed has flooded the old highway at sev- up to the latest highway construction over the divided freeway. One, a four- eral locations at varying times of the standards before the expressway was span concrete girder bridge, 683 feet year. This condition has been cor- completely opened to public use.. long, provides access to the State Cor- rected by placing new culverts and With the exception of a 1.2-mile rectional Facility approximately half- by locating the lanes above the run- section nearest Gonzales, the project way between Soledad and Gonzales. off flood plane. Reinforced concrete

March-April.1961 5~

Works Public Public and and Highways Highways California California 54 54

project this this in in able able interest interest addixional addixional for freeway freeway the the -lane to to four access access dad, dad, divided divided easy easy uninterrupted uninterrupted . . an an

consi~er- created created has has concrete concrete Sole- phaltie phaltie of of city city with the the access access to to traffic traffic adequate adequate provides provides fore, fore, immediately immediately

axid axid as- base base use use of of The The asphaltic asphaltic provide to to point point this this at at bypass, bypass, there- constructed constructed Soledad Soledad the the of of pletion pletion

has has been Com- interchange interchange 1958. 1958. pass. pass. Atraffic Atraffic in in is is `vas `vas Created Interest Interest completed completed which which

railway railway under- hi~h~vay- Soledad of of the the existing existing River River south south Salinas Salinas the the and and

of of

south south Soledad. structure structure tion tion

of south south just just west west the the to to veers veers Greenfield ment ment between between lane lane expressway expressway

separa- at at

and and the the

these these

of of structures structures

new new align- the. the. four- northerly, northerly, divided divided a a Continuing Continuing to to connects connects project project

both at at

are are steel steel provided provided

railings railings and and

freeway -mile -mile this this of of three end end other other

Veers Veers Wesf

Route Route

roadways foot foot Twenty -eight -eight

length. length.

The terminus. terminus. southerly southerly its its at at

project project

in feet feet 300 300 and and over over

crete crete are are

decks, decks,

structures. new new

above the the adjoining adjoining

directly directly

project project

eon- and and bonded bonded

utilizing utilizing steel steel girders girders

and old old both both on on

~~ill ~~ill installed installed be be ing ing

bypass freeway freeway Soledad Soledad

the the on on

gether gether

type girder girder composite composite of of is is structures structures

rail- type type

barrier barrier

the the to to similarity, similarity, add add

to- worked_ worked_ also also

representative, representative,

ment ment

of of bridge the the the the north. north. from from Each Each

bridge. bridge. To of of

existing existing the the the the length length

Depart- Bridge Bridge

as as

Schooley Schooley

replacing replacing

to to Soledad use use in in as as access access remain remain

approximates closely closely

which which feet, feet, 1,500 1,500

Williams Dale Dale with with same same team, team,

This This

which which will highway highway the the and and existing existing of of over total total length length a a spans spans for for .shorter .shorter

Projeet

Second Second

on on

Work Work

Pacific Pacific Railroad the the Southern Southern bath bath two and and 104 104 13 13 feet feet each each of of spans spans

crosses route route the the as as ne~v ne~v necessary necessary has structure structure the the e~sting e~sting paralleling paralleling partment.

are

structures structures parallel parallel bridge bridge four -span -span bridge new new A A ne~v ne~v freeway. freeway. the the De- Bride Bride on on the the represented represented Schooler, Schooler,

Here

0.3 0.3

of of town. town. mile mile north north mately mately lanes as as northbound northbound utilized utilized being being H. is is W. W. and and ~~as ~~as Engineer, Engineer, Resident Resident

approxi- railroad railroad

the the to to cross cross east east Salinas Salinas River, the the over over bridge bridge existing existing Connolly Dan Dan no`v no`v is is completed. completed. Jr., Jr.,

turning

north, north,

directly directly continues continues ~vay ~vay the including including 3,000 3,000 feet, feet, for for way way Early, J. J. Fred Fred and and Delphic Delphic to to John John

free- limits limits

the the

Soledad Soledad city city westerly westerly high- The The existing existing the the Salinas Salinas River. River. contracted project, project, $1,610,000 $1,610,000 This This

the and and the the railroad railroad Paralleling Paralleling

0.3 0.3 of mile mile south south begins begins freeway freeway pass pass fronted.

ranches. farms farms and and neighboring neighboring Soledad Soledad by- the the of of end end The The south south con- were were we we which which grades grades with with flat flat

freeway freeway which which west west serves the the of of road road itself. in in achievement achievement the on on Hydraulic Hydraulic efFiciency efFiciency of of high high its its

a a to to frontage access access facilitates facilitates and and dad dad a a certainly certainly significant Gonzales, Gonzales, because was was selected selected and and exclusively exclusively

Sole-

south south from from traveling traveling motorists motorists and Greenfield Greenfield between between high~vati~ high~vati~ lanes the the ne~v ne~v under under used used vas vas pipe pipe

freeway freeway bypass. the the of of construction construction before before years years typical typical past past of of congestion congestion Soledad Soledad fhe fhe of of showing showing Cify Cify US US through through 101 101 among construction and materials specialists. A cross section of the road- Stanford U. Starts Highway History Collection ways shows 24 inches of new con- struction, including 11 inches of im- ported borrow, 6 inches of untreated rock base, 3 inches of asphaltic con- ~crete base, 2 inches of asphalt con- ~crete leveling course 1 ~/Z inches of dense graded asphaltic concrete with a cover of %Z inch of open graded asphaltic concrete. Nearly 40,000 tons of asphalt mix using nine different Sizes of aggregate was used. The con- tractor initially had considerable trouble with this material as his hot plant and paving machine were not designed to handle large aggregate up to 2 %Z inch maximum size. However, We are inclined fo think of test roads, such as the one recently constructed and operated by the Ameri- minor ad- icon Association of State Highway O~cials in Illinois (See page 47, January-February, 1957, issue of experience led to relatively this magazine), as of recent vintage. However, among the material already submitted to the Western justments in the contractor's machin- Highway Historical Collection being formed by the Stanford University libraries is this photo of an ~ry which enabled successful efficient early test road near Pittsburg, California, circa 1925. (Photo by Charles W. Geiger) completion of both hot plant and pav- ing operations. The founding of an historical col- organs and the personal recollections lection, coverinb the early days of of pioneer carriers and suppliers. Deflection tests were taken on vari- high~~ay transportation in the West- All donations will be carefully pre- ~us levels of construction beginning ern States, has been announced by served by the University for use by with the layer of untreated base ma- the Stanford University libraries. future scholars "wishing to recapture terial. Permeability tests ~~ere taken the events of a remarkable period in on all three layers of the asphaltic con- The project will be carried on in the history of transportation." crete pavement as construction pro- cooperation with motor carrier associ- Contributions will be acknowledged gressed. Data from these tests will be ations in 13 Western States, the pro- and the names of donors will be suit- of considerable assistance in reaching vincial associations in Alberta, Sas- ably recorded with book plates. conclusions as to durability of the katche~~an and British Columbia, and Communications should be addressed pavement and the entire project the Western Highway Institute. to Western Highway Historical Col- should serve as a fair test of these con- Items being sought for the collec- lection, Stanford University Libraries, struction materials and methods. tion include photographs and docu- Stanford, California. It is requested Two-way traffic was routed onto ments, such as tariffs, copies of oper- that special care be taken by donors the northbound lanes of this project ating authorities, interchange agree- to identify properly names, places and last July with an immediate noticeable ments, labor contracts, payrolls, house events. decrease in traffic congestion through the city of Soledad. With the opening Interstate Estimate Nears 2%2 Billion Dollars of the entire freeway to full traffic The cost of completing California's In another report from the Depart- use next October, this entire central 2,182-mile portion of the National ment of Commerce, California's prog- Salinas Valley area will be free from System of Interstate and Defense ress on the Interstate System was traffic congestion for the first time in Highways is estimated at $2,458,512,- shown to be far ahead of the other many years. 000, according to a report to Congress states, in terms of funds expended or by the Secretary of Commerce in Jan- obligated on completed, current, or uary. authorized projects. SIGN ROUTE 4 This is a considerably larger total The quarterly report of the Bureau The California Highway Commis- than that of any other state, and re- of Public Roads for December 31, sion has adopted a freeway routing flects California's heavy motor vehicle 1960, showed that California had ex- registration for 10.7 miles of State Sign Route 4 and mounting traffic pended $556,100,000 for construction, needs. (Ebbetts Pass Highway) in Calaveras engineering and rights of way on California's County between Camp Connell and apportionment factor for the next four fiscal years (1963- projects completed in the first four Ganns. 66), based on the new Interstate needs and a half years of the accelerated The adopted route generally fol- estimate, is 9.656. In other words, Cali- highway program. mooing contracts or lows or closely parallels the e~sting forzua will receive 9,656 per cent of authorized projects accounted for an highway, but eliminates sharp curves the total national Interstate apportion- additional $539,700,000. The figures and excessive grades. ment for each of the four years. include both State and Federal funds.

Mlarch-April 1961 55

56 56 California California Highways Highways Public Public and and VI/orks

to to adjacent adjacent property. property. private private ~vay ~vay The The drainage drainage I I Iy- to to facility facility wa- is is prevent prevent tions, tions, as as well well as as careful careful budgeting, budgeting, in-

detrimental detrimental the the highway highway effect effect to to and any any State State The The high- of of primary primary goal goal constitutional constitutional and and statutory statutory restric-

of of disposal disposal runoff runoff least storm storm with with drainage. Highway Highway Funds Funds is is subject subject to to certain

would would concern concern highway highway claims claims and drainage drainage of of complaints complaints and and involving The The fact fact that that expenditure expenditure of of State

ized ized duties engineers engineers whose whose recommendation recommendation primary primary make make for for disposition

Regulation Subject Subject to to

of of velopment velopment a a special- group group of of other other small small departments; departments; and and and to to analyze analyze

ity ity and and importance importance warrant warrant the the to to de- Right Right nance, nance, Construction Construction of of Way, Way, or and and construction construction such such channel. of, of,

problems problems complex- sufficient sufficient were were of of problems problems of of drainage drainage Mainte- for for in in the the of of acquisition acquisition rights rights of of way way for,

Bay Bay area, area, concluded concluded drainage High~vays, High~vays, that that State State make make studies special special ation ation of of the the appropriate appropriate agency local local

counties counties nine nine Francisco San San drainage drainage in in the the they they changes changes may may as as affect channel, channel, and and in in obtaining obtaining cooper- the the

1948 1948 In In includes which which District District checks checks IV, IV, of of in in for land land changes changes use use signing signing asatisfactory asatisfactory outlet inlet inlet and and

runoff runoff continuous information; information; make make Section Section must must take take the the initiative initiative in in de- Drainage Drainage Formed Group Group

by by prepared prepared others; others; furnish furnish rainfall- these these circumstances circumstances the the Hydraulics

of of way. drainage drainage surface surface designs and and check check highway highway the the of of way. way. right right Under

tems, tems, right on on highway highway and and ~vay ~vay off off the the designers designers concerning concerning general drainage drainage struction struction facilities facilities of of within

tion tion sys- more more drainage drainage adequate adequate of of Highway Highway State State projects; projects; advise advise high- not not always always to. to. possible possible by by con- achieve achieve

agencies agencies construc- in in and and the the design design planning planning drainage drainage major major facilities facilities for the the existing existing ing ing drainage drainage is pattern, pattern,

the the Highways Highways Division Division local of of and and The The this this functions functions of of section section are are to State State highway, highway, of of the the while while preserv-

for for close close evident evident between cooperation cooperation lics lics Engineer. rime rime of of construction. construction. the the Protection

overtaxed. overtaxed. became became The The need need clearly with with gineer gineer title title Hydrau- of of District District natural natural drainage drainage exists exists pattern pattern at as as it it

existing existing became facilities facilities drainage drainage now now headed headed by by a a Senior Senior Highway Highway and and to to En- retain, retain, insofar insofar the as as practical, practical,

residential residential subdivisions. subdivisions. As As a a result, draulics draulics was was Section Section from from formed formed is ter ter highway and and on on collecting collecting the the

were. were. as as became farm farm created, created, lands lands

Also, Also, surfaces impervious impervious vast vast areas areas of of the the railroad railroad bridge bridge at at and and under under double double Sign Sign trestl= trestl= Raute Raute 29.

The The Napa Napa Drainage Drainage Cooperative Cooperative from from downs downs the the Project Project junction junction ream ream looking looking channels of of the the collector collector them them could could tolerated. longer longer be be no no

discharge discharge storm storm of of excess excess waters waters on

reclaimed, reclaimed, concentrated ing ing so so that that

storm storm waters waters and and be- were were flood flood now now

previously previously receive receive allowed allowed excess to to

their their Wastelands ing ing trend. trend. upward upward

continu- and and -of -of then then heights heights thought

were were jumping jumping values values un- upward upward to to

increasing increasing at at rate rate an an and and amazing amazing land

of of population population California California The The was

side.

flow flow ing ing runoff runoff pavement pavement the to to over over

and and gulches gulches creeks, creeks, small small and and allow-

placing placing channels, channels, in in a a the culvert culvert

of of bridging bridging mainly mainly major major stream

drainage drainage highway highway when when consisted

quite quite different different lem, lem, days from from earlier earlier

and and costly costly prob-

a a serious coming coming

drainage drainage was was be-

neers neers found found that

Highway Highway Engi-

resumed, resumed, California

tion tion was was actively

Iv Iv

construc- highway highway

II, II, War War State when when DISTRICT DISTRICT

AFTER AFTER WOI'LC~

SUENDERMAN, SUENDERMAN, Hydraulics Hydraulics H. H. C. C. Engineer District District

FERNEAU, FERNEAU, Engineer Engineer By By T. T. District District E. E. Assistant Assistant and

Improving Improving In In Drainage Highway Highway

Sate, Sate, Cooperate Agencies Agencies Local Local troduces further complications. Par- erally require expensive modification Nimitz (Eastshore) Freeway, between ticularly with respect to work outside or replacement at a later date. The Hayward and San Jose. The close the right of way, there must not only overall result is a saving in public co-ordination and co-operation be- be a clear showing of benefit to the funds which would otherwise have tween the Alameda County Flood State highway, but also that the pro- been spent had the Division of High- Control and Water Conservation Dis- posed expenditure of State funds does ways and some local agency acted trict and the Division of Highways not exceed the amount of this benefit. unilaterally in providing their respec- resulted in adjustment of location of This requires financial participation tive drainage facilities. In some cases, a number of the proposed freeway by the local agency, which is some- in which a change in drainage pattern drainage structures at no additional times difficult to obtain because of its was the best solution, the local agen- cost so as to conform with the Flood budgetary or other restrictions. cies have provided the necessary right Control District's area-wide drainage After mutual problems have been of way across private property and plan. Inlet and outfall channels were worked out a "Cooperative Agree- constructed the required channel and constructed by the Flood Control Dis- ment" is executed, whereby one of storm drain outfalls. trict to insure proper functioning of the parties does the work, subject to the freeway drainage structures. a financial contribution by the other Loeal Interests Pay At various locations drainage im- or in the alternative, the State does There have also been instances provement projects by local agencies the `vork within the highway rights where storm drain, sanitary sewer and were necessitated by urbanization of of way and the local agency the work utility crossings of local public agen- tributary watersheds. Many of these outside, with each agency paying its cies have been paid for by local in- improvements involved increasing the own costs. terests but included in the highway capacities of existing natural drain- In the design and construction of construction contract, thus effecting ageways. At some crossings of exist- new freeway and highway projects, a saving to the public by eliminating ing State highways, present drainage co-operation with city, county and the excessive additional costs, and in- structures have been in e~stence for flood control agencies has also made convenience to the public involved many years and lack the capacity to it possible to arrange highway drain- in constructing a future utility instal- accommodate the increased drainage age systems so that they conform to lation across a completed freeway car- resulting from changes in land use. local master drainage plans. The rying alarge amount of traffic. In those instances where it was con- drainage facilities thus installed for the A notable case of this nature was in cluded that provision for increased State highway will therefore not gen- the design and construction of the capacity at the highway was a State

Drainage Area Boundary IV- NAP.-49 - B -----Collector Channel SALVAD02 ZON E —••—••— outfall Channel OF THE NAPA COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL SCALE .N FEET AND WATE2 CONSE2VATION DIST2IGT 0 2000 4000 6000 8000

March-April 1961 57 A m,ap of Healdsburg and vicinity showing the highway and drainage areas discussed in this article.

obligation, construction of an ade- IV. Fifty-two of these projects have transcend the direct in the broad quate size structure was financed by resulted in solving drainage problems view. Highway funds. By means of co- with direct and indirect benefits to all operative agreements, the State por- concerned. Evaluation of the past few NAPA CO-OPERATIVE DRAINAGE tion of the work was co-ordinated years' experience in this District shows PROJECT and combined with the local agencies' evidence that many flood and drain- By W. C. McDONALD, project so that the project was con- age deficiency problems, which have Associate Highway Engineer structed under a single contract with been magnified by rapid and extensive During 1957, a 2.3-mile section of resultant saving in public funds. urbanization, can be solved when all State Sign Route 29 in the County ~~f agencies involved accept their respon- Napa from Union Station to Orchard Co-ordination Important sibilities and co-ordinate their efforts. Avenue was expanded from a two lane A typical example of this situation The response of local political bodies highway to a four lane expressway was that where the Alameda County to this idea has been enthusiastic and under Contract 58-4TC3. A drainage Flood Control and Water Conserva- gratifying. system was constructed under this tion District constructed a drainage The direct benefits have been sav- contract which included 6,500 lineal improvement in the vicinity of New- ings of public funds at both the State feet of longitudinal collector channel ark. By co-operative agreement ade- and local levels and the accomplish- and 8,600 lineal feet of outfall channel, quate replacement of the existing old ment of needed drainage improve- as a co-operative project with the and undersized culvert across State ments long before these improvements County of Napa. Highway Route 107 was paid for by could have been done by individual Topography in vicinity. of the proj- the State but included in the Flood agency financing. Some, in fact, might ect is shown on the accompanying Control project, thus insuring proper never have been accomplished without map. The main drainage for the area co-ordination of the work and elimi- co-operative action. is the Napa River,. located easterly nating the necessity of a separate -con- The indirect benefits have been in- from and approximately parallel to tract for the portion determined to be creased land values and higher land the highway, which drains southerly. a State obligation. use potential for lands previously sub- Terrain adjacent to the highway gen- During the past four years appro~- ject to periodic flooding, the mental erally slopes gently to the east al- though the highway actually traverses mately 300 improvement projects of relief and thankfulness of local resi- a broad shallow Swale within the various kinds and varying degrees of dents as well as State highways users limits of the improvement as shown magnitude have been undertaken no longer subject to flood hazards, by contours. West of the highway through the co-operative agreement and the gro`ving idea in public agen- there is a range of hills, and drainage procedure between the Division of cies that more is accomplished by co- from these hill watersheds crosses the Highways and local public agencies operation than by "going it alone." highway location. to outfall in the within the nine counties in District It may be that the indirect benefits Napa River.

58 California Highways and Public Works Prior to improvement there was a without participation by the County Commissioner. It developed longitudinal ditch between the high- that no of Napa, and that was the alternate improvements were way and the single track Southern then designed or which proposed a longitudinal ditch contemplated for construction, Pacific Railroad which was adjacent but to be constructed on the downstream that it had been to the highway on the west. determined that the The ditch side of the proposed expressway. This ultimate drainage was about 8,000 feet system should re- in length and was alternate would have provided a lon- tain the longitudinal fed by several ditches ditch and that a or channels gitudinal ditch with capacity equiva- single outfall channel which crossed the railroad should be de- via culverts lent to the then existing ditch and veloped approximately or trestles and, which along the line drained the land would have eliminated flooding of of one west of the highway. of the two then existing out- The longitudial highway pavement but would not fall ditch drained north channels. Also, while no im- and south to the have eliminated flooding of adjoining provements low area in the vicinity were then contemplated, of El Centro land. The drainage condition of land the need justification Avenue. In the low and for improve- area there were adjoining the highway would not have ments were three stone arch culverts, increasing as a result of two with been changed. continuing changes spans of 8 feet and one in land use from with a span agricultural to residential. of 6 feet which passed drainage Alternates Require across Co-operation The proposed expressway the highway. These culverts had a were dis- Both the other two alternates re- large requirement for tributed through a length imported bor- along the quired extensive outfill channel im- row for fill material. Thus roadway of about 1500 feet and consider- were provements which were considered to able channel excavation could be drained by two outfall channels justi- to be beyond the province of the Divi- fied in conjunction with the proposed the Napa River. sion of Highways. It appeared that project since this would provide an these alternates would require Deficient in Capacity co- economical source of fill material, pro- operation by the County of Napa The longitudinal to vided the material produced would be ditch and outfall acquire right of way, to share in the usable. channels were deficient Accordingly, a materials sur- in capacity. cost and to be responsible for changed vey as During heavy rains the well as a topographic survey longitudial drainage conditions and for continu- was ditch would run bank then made of proposed channel full, with over- ing maintenance for portions of the sites. flow water sheeting across the pave- system outside State's right of way. In discussion with ment. In the low area water would the County En- During the Project Report studies gineer it was agreed back up to submerge the pavement, that the longi- the drainage problems were discussed tudinal or collector channel and would occasionally cause the road with and out- the County Engineer and Road fall channel should be designed to be closed to traffic for a period of to hours. Project report studies were made during 1953 and one phase of the study was the consideration of possi- ble alternate methods for improving the unsatisfactory drainage condition. These studies determined that there was insufficient space between the railroad and the existing highway for a ditch with adequate capacity. A ditch in this location would encroach on existing pavement and preclude its use for the southbound lanes of the proposed expressway. If the longitud- inal ditch was to be preserved and if flooding of the pavement was to be eliminated, the ditch would have to be located either on the upstream side of the railroad or on the downstream side of the improved highway. In ad- dition to these two alternates, an alter- nate was considered which would eliminate the longitudinal ditch by the construction of several outfall chan- nels. It appeared that only one of the three alternates considered could be Looking downstream at the outfall channel done by the Division of Highways from the frontage road on the east side of Sign Route 29 in the Napa area. March-April 1961 59

Works and and Highways Highways Public Public California California 60 60

76 page page on on

...Continued ...Continued deter- to to requested requested was was The The proposed The The County County development. development. of of tion tion

the the

enter enter with with County an an agreement agreement derived. benefits benefits of of the the to to ulrimate ulrimate condi- extent extent ect ect anticipated anticipated its its in in area area

1955 1955 the the to authorized authorized District District was was proj- proposed proposed the the in in co- operate operate drainage the the could could from from year year runoff runoff 100 100 in in

and and in in Office Office of Headquarters Headquarters April April Highways of of Division Division once the the the the that that pass pass to to formed formed designed designed was was and and Box Box

to was was presented presented project project operative operative in- were were Supervisors Supervisors R.C. The The 140' 140' 7' 7' proposals. proposals. x x x x 12' 12' double double was was a a posed posed

1955, 1955, in in proposed proposed co- the the Early Early the of of detail detail the the with with officials officials pro- county county The The culvert culvert highway. highway. proposed proposed

of of Napa. County County the acquainting acquainting of of purpose purpose the the the with with under under culvert culvert single single a a and and nel nel

of of the Fund Fund Road Road Improvement Improvement proposed proposed design the the District District presented presented chan- outfall outfall an an channel, channel, collector collector or or

the the as as was was Special and and known known isted isted the Supervisors, Supervisors, of of Board Board the the of of ing ing longitudinal a a included included which which designed designed

ex- a a fund fund to to which which 1954, 1954, a a 14, 14, special special meet- charged charged at at On On December December was system system drainage drainage a a and and pleted pleted

roads roads would would be tures tures on on County County determined. also also were were were were com- 1954, 1954, surveys surveys the the During During

Costs Costs struc- hydraulic hydraulic of of channel channel work all all necessary necessary proposed proposed

for for ments ments

Completed

Are Are

Surveys Surveys

as as a a District District of of Conservation Conservation require- whole. Right Right way way fill. fill. highway highway

and and Napa Napa for specifications specifications Flood Flood the the Water would would Control Control satisfy satisfy struction. vation vation

facilitate facilitate con- by to to exca- part part zone zone in in channel channel in in and and by by from from proposed proposed order order possible possible the the as as material material produced produced

as as the broad be be that that be be proposed proposed to to borne borne part were were in in having having County County demonstrated demonstrated would would sections sections the the to to survey survey

and :1 :1 slopes slopes 1 1 side side of of the the with with of of accrue materials produced produced material, material, which which obligations obligations pit pit proposed proposed would would and and %Z %Z

sections sections were lieu in in fill fill for for Trapezoidal Trapezoidal as as used used proposed proposed highway highway Salvadore Salvadore Zone. Zone. velopment. velopment. be be Costs to to known known

of of state state de- be be be its its channel channel excavation excavation in in that that ultimate ultimate would would proposal proposal zone zone special special assessment, for for drainage drainage

as as of of area area it the the the be be study study to to could could made made represent represent economic economic a sidered sidered steps steps form form required required to to necessary necessary

that that was was so so 45% 45% an fill fill con- of of which which and and coefficient coefficient quantities quantities highway highway to to proceed proceed with Engineer Engineer County County

the the runoff a a a a channel channel excavation Rational Rational of of Formula Formula using using determination determination the instructed instructed Board Board then then The The

basis basis The The

the the the the of on on were were included estimated estimated flows flows design design from from railroad. railroad.

Zone Zone Formed Drainage Drainage

to to a a and and runoff runoff full full Design adjacent adjacent with with west west upstream bank bank stage. stage. or or

assume. State State the the could could to to a a of of which which was was in in be those those once once positioned positioned collector collector 50 50 channel channel recurrence year year contain contain

excess in in which which obligations obligations were were 45 45 The The the the other other that that proposed proposed channels channels so so would runoff runoff feet. feet. year year longitudinal

and ability ability assume assume costs costs to to 15 the the County's County's span span total total for for of gross gross was was with with the the provided provided railroad railroad Freeboard Freeboard

from from trestle trestle runoff runoff an an recurrence recurrence with with the feasible feasible of of freeboard. from from existing existing the the stream stream under standpoint standpoint

15 15 a a was was for for or or have have positioned positioned once once culvert culvert mine mine the the capacity capacity in in not not whether whether year proposal proposal directly directly was down-

the the the the wafer wafer pipe pipe is is reinforced reinforced by by the the visible visible the the the the on on to to side side in in 24inch 24inch partly partly freeway freeway above above controlled controlled other other slough slough of of the the embankment embankment left.

is is the the change. change. the the road road the the freeway freeway the the shown shown and and The The (right). (right). Norton Norton to to fron}age fron}age flow flow (left) (left) south south beginning beginning Slough Slough water water of of .of .of at at Looking Looking the channel channel iVew U.S. 101-395 oer ~/ ~ n erc d n ~ y~/q ~~ntSan'D e~ Y 9' By D. S. SHEPARD, Senior Highway Engineer

TxExE is an age- The moving of one million cubic tractor (R. S. Hazard Contracting Co. DISTRICT old adage that "you yards of roadway excavation on a job and W. F. Maxwell) on the adjoining xI can't have your not quite one-half-mile long is now project, as he had to haul to a dis- cake and eat it." nearing completion on the four-level posal site that was on the opposite Also, there is the interchange. side of the 4-level project from his old saw that "there Of this quantity, one-half was work. Therefore an agreement was are exceptions to moved across a four-lane freeway reached with the contractor on the 4- every rule." An ap- without a moment's delay to the tra- level job (Daley Corporation & R. M. parent exception to veling public. This was accomplished Price Construction Co.) to use the this adage is the by making use of an existing over- same bridge. This agreement was of four -level interchange construction crossing bridge. The terms of the con- definite benefit to the public as it elim- project located in the southern sec- tract permit hauling across the bridge inated the trucking of an additional tion of Balboa Park in San Diego. with ofd-highway equipment, pro- 150,000 cubic yards of material over For here is a project where various vided the equipment travels in a city streets. The bridge shows no signs levels of government, federal, state proper path with respect to the bridge of distress although at times there and city, plus the private citizen, can girders. Under the contract, after were over 1,000 trips a day with have their cake and eat it too. hauling of excess dirt was completed, loaded equipment (of up to 70 tons). This is the result of close liaison the bridge had to be demolished and The Cabrillo Freeway traffic of 43,- between the State and the City, to- removed. 000 vehicles per day was handled by gether with engineering aimed at Bridge is Used the construction of a detour that preserving and enhancing the Park's The advantage of hauling over this allowed the traffic to move without existing beauty, whereby the public bridge became apparent to the con- obstruction. This created a secondary will gain amuch-needed freeway and simultaneously acquire greater useful areas of park lands. By the filling and leveling of several canyons with more than a third of a million cubic yards of earth, more than 50 acres of usable land for recreation and parking areas, outside of the highway right of way, will be created.

Previous Use Of the total park lands needed for the freeway development, 9.3 acres were previously devoted to e~sting roads, 14 acres were occupied for non- park uses such as the U.S. Naval Hos- pital and the San Diego Children's Home, and 4.4 acres were utilized for parking lots. There were 25.7 acres of steep slopes upon which landscaping will be vastly improved and 17 acres of flat- to moderately-sloped park lands. In summary, 17 acres of usable park area will be replaced by 50 acres suita- blefor development to the highest and best park use. Needless to say, the movement of substantial quantities of roadway ex- The four-level cavation is entailed in this operation. inferch.ange under construction in San Diego showing the temporary haul bridge over the Cabrillo Freeway. The view is westward.

March-April 1961 61 problem when work was being done immediately adjacent to the traveled ~vay. The regular freeway speed was too fast for safety, and normal 25 M.P.H. work zoning proved almost unenforceable. A permanent reduction was undesirable as the speed restric- tion was only needed during working hours:. An intermittent-type control was adopted. Speed zone signs (40 MPH) were erected at each end of the project and lockable covers were provided. Thus, each work day the signs are locked open in the morning and locked closed at night. The local police department is much in favor of the system and the public seems to be accepting it.

Columns Erec4ed At the present time the contract is over one-third completed with the earth work virtually finished. The way is now open for the bridge work; and the present sprinkling of columns is expected to change into a forest in the near future. Completion of the structures alone in the 4-level complex Looking east over the construction site of the four-level interchange in San Diego. will require 18,000 cubic yards of con- Nava! Hospital in background. crete laced with more than 4 million pounds of reinforcing steel. Included in this 18,000 cubic yards of concrete is 4,715 cubic yards of lightweight concrete. The use of light- weight concrete is relatively new to highway construction and is being used here to reduce the dead load on the top level of the four-level inter- change. This reduction in dead load allows the use of smaller girders on this 70-foot-high bridge. It also pro- duces anot-readily apparent savings in the construction costs. This use of lightweight aggregates in the concrete of the upper portions o~f the one bridge reduced the load on its footings by more than 2,500 tons. By reducing the load on the footings, their size in turn could be reduced. This reduction of footing size obvi- ously reduced the area of excavation needed. The fact that some of the footings were more than 20 feet below the ground surface indicates the savings of excavation involved. f -v. a ~a e ~ rx ~~ I~ ~~~~t~.~ a ~ ~,,n, _ ,.,~ ~. ~ _ ,. M~ . Because the elevation of the top deck was controlled by the maximum permissible grades on the San Diego Freeway (U.S. 101), the real savings Interchange construction, looking southeast toward the Ford Building in Baloo•a Park. were in reducing the roadway excava-

62 California Highways and Public Works Double White Lines To Be Made Yellow Almost all double white lines on California highways will be painted yellow within the coming year. The change is part of a nationwide program to provide uniform highway markings conforming with the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads revised man- ual on traffic control devices. The new federal manual eliminates the double white line as a permissible alternate to yellow lines for separating opposing traffic on multi-lane high- ways: California has used the double white line for more than 20 years. The color will be changed on highways through- out the state as the present white lines need repainting due to weather and traffic wear. Yellow lines will be used to desig- nate no-passing zones where traffic is not separated by any physical bar- rier or else is separated only by raised traffic bars. Yellow lines will also be used to channel merging traffic and to mark railroad crossings. School crosswalks and warning markings will continue to be marked in yellow, in accordance with State law. Some of fhe palm trees salvaged during construction operations. Another revision of the federal manual calls for a change in Califor- tion that would have been involved in structure itself as a frame for the en- nia's green and white signs which are lowering the level of U.S. 395 at the trance into downtown San Diego. used to indicate service and rest areas bottom to accommodate the necessary All of the slopes within the and roadside businesses. In the future, vertical clearances inter- at all levels. change area are being contour graded such signs will be easily identified by their white reflectorized message set in STorm Drains in Opera4ion to facilitate the landscaping. Approxi- mately a blue opaque background., The majority of the 25 palm trees were salvaged more than during the $385,000 worth of storm drains clearing and grubbing are in operation for SIGN ROUTE 16 and working, including one this project (see Cali- drain fornia Highways The State Division of Highways has made up of 1852 feet of 84" reinforced magazine for Sept.- Oct. 1960). opened bids to reconstruct 2.3 miles of concrete pipe, 1124 feet of 90" RCP, State Sign Route 16 between 0.4 mile and 836 feet of 96" RCP. The Completion of the interchange, to- base west of the junction with State Sign and paving portion are just beginning, gether with its re-landscaping, will Route 104 and 1.4 miles southwest of with only two short sections of port- every day provide thousands of local Plymouth in Amador County, to land cement concrete pavement and visiting motorists a refreshing pro- placed. view of nature's beauties as they travel vide the initial two lanes of a future four-lane expressway. Low bidder was A landscaping project is scheduled through the area on either U.S. 101 Claude C. Wood Co., Lodi, $328,924. to start immediately upon completion or U.S. 395. of the It may safely be prophesied present highway contract, that Projects on FAS County Roads about mid Cabrillo Freeway's claim to the are -1962. This project will "most planned and in most cases constructed necessitate beautiful freeway" title will be seri- expenditures of more than under the direct supervision of the a quarter of ously threatened by the a million dollars and will portion of the county involved. They are financed be designed "San Diego to blend with the exist- Freeway" that borders out of federal allocations, state match- ing Park plantings. The beautiful result will be Balboa Park along its south- ing money and county funds when re- a parkway terminated by the 4-level erly side. quired.

March-April 1961 63 ♦ e Departmental Program Covers r i w~r ra e n i n Testing of 13,300 Employees

By B. A. SWITZER, Safety Engineer ox nECEMSEx 16, 1959, Governor A Driver Training Manual was de- limitations, psychophysical testing Edmund G. Brown ordered into effect veloped incorporating a part of the equipment was obtained to test and the recommendations of his Inter-De- information developed by the Safety indicate to the employee if he has any partmental Safety Advisory Commit- Coordinator's Office of the State Per- physical or eye restrictions of which tee whose report proposed an intensi- sonnel Board and other informarion he should be conscious, and compen- fication of accident prevention by considered appropriate to our prob- sate for. defensive driver training and further lems and conditions. Peripheral vision is tested. (Safe control methods. The lecture is designed to provide driving requires a wide side vision.) The recommendations of the Gov- information to encourage drivers to Color blindness is checked. Visual ernor's Accident Prevention Commit- develop in theirselves an attitude of acuity is determined. Also the ability tee basically set up two proposals for accident prevention based on defen- of the driver to judge distances and improving the driving record of State sive driving methods, rules, and regu- clearances is determined by this spe- employees: 1. Driver Training, and 2. lations. cial equipment. Driver Review. Best Safety Records An electric reaction timer is pro- Driver Training was to be provided It has been found that drivers with vided to determine and illustrate the for all employees who even occasion- physical limitations often have the time required to actually react to an ally drove a State car. Training to be best safety records. Investigation indi- outside stimulant. This is transferred complete for present employees by cates that these people recognize and into distance by appropriate tables. June 30, 1961. The Driver Review compensate for their deficiencies. In Driver training in the Division also was to be instigated and also operating line with this broadly accepted knowl- requires a road test or observation by that time. Provision was to be made edge of driver adaptability to their run. The employee drives over a pre- for training of new employees and re- training of old employees where re- view indicated such course was de- sirable. Assistant Safety Engineer Ralph W. Zook Dies training Program Ralph W.Zook, Assistant Safety En- Zook was born in Gainsville, Ar- gineer for the Division of Highways kansas where he went to grade school. The program of Driver Training in in Sacramento, died of a heart attack He came to California in 1922 and the Department of Public Warks re- at Redding on February 15 where he attended high school in Glendale, later quires that approximately 13,300 em- had gone to conduct safe driver tests studying at Glendale College and Ba- ployees be provided with instruction, among Division employees. kersfield Junior College. including lectures, testing, and road Zook was in From 1933 to 1941 he was employed observation runs. The administration of this activity was assigned to the on construction of the Los Angeles Safety Section in the Division of Aqueduct. Highways. He was known to hundreds of boys The State Personnel Board, through and their parents in Sacramento where the. Safety Coordinator's Office, de- he was active in the training and man- veloped a manual and course for aging of Little League and Babe Ruth Driver Training considered adequate League ball clubs. A fine chess player, under the recommendations of the he was acquainted with many leading Advisory Committee. Selected em- players in the State. ployees were given training that was He was a member of the Masons, offered by the State Personnel Board the Scottish Rite, Elks and Sierra under their program. Club; and the American Society of Due to the many different opera- Safety Engineers and the Public Rela- tions condtions under which the De- Round of Sacramento. partment of Public Works is required tions Table to function, it was decided that a He is survived by his wife, Anna course should be developed that May, a teacher; daughters, Mrs. Dar- would be pointed toward their par- rell Forney, and Cynthia; and son, ricular problems and responsibilities. Bill, all of Sacramento.

64 California Highways and Public Works scribed course with an observer not- ing his driving habits and discussing with him those habits, both good and bad, that effect his driving and calling to his attention those habits which need to be changed to improve his driving. Originally the program was devel- oped for classes of approximately 30 employees which would be given the lecture, the psychophysical tests, and the road test. Later it was found de- sirable in Sacramento and District Headquarters to modify the program and give the lecture to large groups of 80 to 200 and call them back on a scheduled basis for the psychophysical testing and road observation run. Every effort is made to obtain par- ticipation in the lecture portion by employees so as to answer questions and obtain a clear understanding on the part of all participants in the ob- jectives of the program.

Assumes Certain Skills Carroll T. Berry, Assistant Safety Engineer, talks fo a group of Department of Public Works employees The Driver Improvement Program in Los Angeles taking the driver training course. The employees are also given driver reaction tesfs and does not attempt to teach employees taken out in a car to observe their driving habits. to drive, it being assumed that they already are skilled in the standard matter of mental attitude and knowl- sive driver is defined as one who is driving techniques and possess a Cali- edge of modern defensive driver tech- careful to commit no driving errors fornia drivers license. The purpose of niques as to whether a driver handles himself, who makes allowances for the the program is to develop defensive his car safely or not. lack of skill or improper attitude on driving techniques and review and dis- the part of others, and who does not cuss the legal and moral responsibili- Drivers Are Surprise allow hazards of weather and road ties of an employee when driving a Even experienced drivers are sur- conditi~~ns or the actions of pedes- state-owned automobile. prised when they discover how far trians and other drivers to involve him A government survey of the six- their car travels while they are taking in accidents. year driving records of nearly 30,000 their foot off the accelerator and hit- He keeps continually on the alert, ting the brake in an motorists indicated that 85% of the emergency stop. and recognizes an accident-producing Accidents occasioned accidents are distributed among the by following situation far enough in advance to too closely are of vast majority of drivers—people like one the serious prob- prevent a serious accident. lems in modern traffic conditions and ourselves who have had occasional A defensive driver takes no unfair near-misses, or once in a lifetime, a one where the knowledge of distance travelled advantage of the mistakes of others. serious accident. If all accident re- in the stopping time available particularly He is willing to take every safe driv- peaters were removed from the high- is important. In our driver program, we use a ing precaution and, if necessary, help way, the study indicated, the total make up for the other driver's mis- number of accidents would be re- motion picture called the "Smith Method takes and discourtesies. He anticipates duced less than 4%• A study by the of Defensive Driving." This picture the actions of others and develops a California Department of Motor Ve- stresses and illustrates the im- portance of the following five items: mental attitude that every person, ani- hicles indicated that over one-half of mal, or vehicle can be a potential haz- the serious accidents involve drivers 1. Aim high in steering. ard and might take an unexpected who haven't had an accident in the 2. Get the big picture. course of action. He endeavors at all past 20 years. 3. Keep your eyes moving. times to maintain a cushion of protec- Knowledge of traffic laws and regu- 4. Leave yourself an "out." tive space around his car. lations, manipulative skills and so- S. Make sure you are seen. called psychophysical abilities do not Right of Way Problem indicate safe or unsafe drivers. In fact, The objective of defensive driving A defensive driver is conscious of an unsafe driver may excel in all of is to protect your car and passengers the fact that the Vehicle Code does these functions. It becomes then a from damage and injuries. A defen- not give the right of way to anyone

March-April 1961 65 at anytime, but merely provides that hicles involves a review of the Driver indicated desirability to use more mo- under certain conditions one driver Records as well as the Driver Train- tion pictures. We have, therefore, must yield the right of way to an- ing Program. The Department of standardized on the film known as other. AState driver should always Motor Vehicles has found a direct the "Smith System of Defensive Driv- relinquish the right of way rather than correlation between the number of ing" distributed by the Ford Motor to continue on and try to force the citations and the number of accidents Company and a film on safety through other dxiver to yield, by the threat of in a driver's record. A number of ci- "Seat Belts" produced by the Insti- collision. tations can be regarded as an indica- tute of Transportation and Traffic En- The driver training program calls to tion of a problem driver. Careful gineers at the University of California the attention of each State employee review of accident reports and con- at Los Angeles. Some variation in that when he is driving a State car, viction records with drivers is found presentation of the program is per- he represents the entire State of Cali- to improve driving habits. mitted to the instructors to meet local fornia and anyone seeing the insignia Our program now calls for all new conditions. on the side of the vehicle or the Dia- employees to have a report from the The driver training and improve- mond Elicense plates looks to such a California Department of Motor Ve- ment program is expected to further motorist to be an exemplary driver hicles (Form DLMU-122) covering reduce the recordable accident record and expects him to set an example of their driving record before they are of the Division of Highways which defensive and courteous driving. permitted to use a State car. This has been lowered so far from a fre- State vehicles are not expected to form is also obtained and reviewed quency of 1.38 per million vehicle be driven with obviously defective when a driver obtains a citation from miles in 1950 to 0.70 in 1960. controls. If the brakes are defective, the California Highway Patrol for they should be corrected immediately. violations when in a State car. If there are other conditions unsatis- The Division of Highways main- County factory for the operation of the ve- tains arecord of all motor vehicle Santa Clara hicle, it must be called to the attention accidents and the employee who is Votes Road P rog ra m of the proper person. responsible. When an employee is On March 28, the voters of Santa found to have been involved in several If Carbon Monoxide is found to be Clara County approved a $70,000,000, accidents, his driving record is re- leaking into the car, the state driver is eight highway construction pro- viewed, and if necessary, the matter is -year taught to take the following steps: gram, clima~ring years of co- called to the attention of his super- 4%z 1. Pull vehicle over to the shoulder. study. The pro- visor and the man is subject to coun- operative work and 2. Stop the car. -year selling by a representative of the Di- gram will be financed by 25 3. Turn off the motor. general obligation bonds and is the 4. Set the i~rakes. vision or even by a representative of the Department of Motor Vehicles. first phase of an eventual $225,000,- 5. Finally open the windows. 000 long-range project to improve If there is Carbon Monoxide, it is not Men Are Assigned the County's highway system. unlikely that the driver will blackout In order to obtain uniformity and The completed system will consist when the fresh air hits him. That is continuity in the program in the De- of eight expressways —four-lane, di- the reason that the car should be partment of Public Works, three rep- vided high capacity highways on stopped before the windows are resentatives, Ralph Zook, Frank Four- which access will be carefully limited opened. nier, and Caroll Berry were assigned and controlled. The entire network is Seat belts are provided in all State portions of the State and conferred designed to feed traffic to and from vehicles. State drivers, by executive with the Safety Supervisors and others state routes as well as unite the various order, are required to use them. Our conducting the Driver Training Pro- areas and cities of the county. files are filled with specific examples gram in their respective Districts. Those cities which will not have of seat belts preventing injury in case So effective has been their handling portions of the expressways within of accidents. of the situation that they and the Dis- their boundaries will still receive at The Cornell studies on seat belts trict's representatives have frequently least 70 percent of the money raised show that you are 60% less lil~ely to been called upon to speak to public by its citizens for other approved have an injury and are 50% less likely gatherings and other Departments road construction, the allotment for- to be killed if you are using seat belts relative to the Driver Program. mular being based on assessed valua- when involved in an accident. The As of January 1, the complete pro- tion. study also indicates that you are five gram had been given to approximately Santa Clara County is the second times more likely to be killed if you 10,000 Public Worker employees. fastest growing county in the state, are thrown out of your car than if In the early phases of the program being exceeded only by Orange you remain in the car and are held in a questionnaire was passed out in one County. place with a seat belt. of the Districts where the program was The county and city governments Driver Review underway to obtain suggestions for in 1957 joined with the state in financ- The California program of preven- improvement of the presentation of ing a $230,000 study of overall traffic tion of accidents to State-owned ve- the program. The principal comments needs.

66 California Highways and Public Works 33-Year-Old Cooperative Program • • • o. To Improve Sign Route 1 Concluded

On February 3, 1961, the directors The Ocean Shore Highway, orig- The District Board of Directors of Joint Highway District No 9, an inally decribed as "commencing estimated the cost of constructing the organization which has spent almost 33 within the County of San Cruz at a highway to be $5,300,000 at the time years developing the Cabrillo High- point of connection with a main pub- the District was created, and proposed way along the coast of San Francisco, lic highway already existing and ex- that the cost be apportioned between San Mateo and Santa. Cruz Counties, tending northerly as closely as prac- the three counties to derive the major held its final meeting in San Francisco. ticable to the shoreline of the Pacific benefit from the construction of the At this meeting, which took place Ocean, through the County of San highway. The assessments ratio re- at the District Office of the Division Mateo, and into the County of San cently in effect provides apportion- of Highways, checks for $244,600, Francisco, to a suitable point connect- ment of the cost as follows: ing with the contribution from Joint Highway a main highway within said San Francisco County ___ 55% District No. 9 on the final project, County," is now referred to as the San Mateo County ______.__ 31 were presented to the State. The Joint Cabrillo Highway. Santa Cruz County ______— ____ 13 Highway District directors, represent- Subsequent to the organization of ing the respective member counties, the District, the Legislature in 1933 Collections of this assessment from were Leo Halley, President (San Fran- designated the general route of the the three member counties since the cisco); Mrs. Hulda McLean, Vice Ocean Shore Highway as State High- time of the district formation, to and President (Santa Cruz); Alvin Hatch, way Route 56. As a consequence, most including the final assessment for the Treasurer (San Mateo); and Errol V. of the construction was performed period ending June 30, 1961, total Rosenthal, Secretary. under State controls with the Joint $3,883,000 (San Francisco $2,135,400, Highway District contributing San Mateo $1,223,900 and Receiving the check for the State toward Santa Cruz the financing. $523,700). was Director of Public Works Robert B. Bradford accompanied by T. F. Bagshaw, Assistant Director, and J. P. Sinclair, Assistant State Highway En- gineer. Upon receiving a certificate of completion from Mr. Bradford, the di- rectors adopted a resolution dissolving the District. Joint Highway District No. 9 was created by the Boards of Supervisors of the three counties in 1928. The 1917 Joint Highway District Act of the California Legislature permitted organization of such districts through- out the state by two or more counties where the proposed highways were in the public interest, and set up pro- cedures for contributing state funds to the projects. Other funds required were to be provided by the District from assessments on the member coun- ties. Resolution is Adopted Proceedings for formation of the District were initiated by the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors by resolution adopted on May 7, 1927. The primary purpose of the District, A simple bookkeeping transaction marked fhe successful completion of a 33-year ccoperafive project fo construction of a two-lane highway construct and modernize 68 miles of State Sign Route 7 between San Francisco and Santa Cruz. Super- visor James Leo Halley of San Francisco (center), president of the Board of Directors of Joint Highway connecting Santa Cruz and San Fran- Districi No. 9, is shown handing the district's final payment for ifs share of the work to State Director cisco along the coast, has now been of Public Works Robert B. Bradford. The other two members of the board are Mrs. Hulda McLean, vice- presidenf, Santa Cruz County supervisor; and Alvin Hatch, treasurer, San Mateo County supervisor. At accomplished. right is Errol V. Rosenfhall of San Francisco, secretary.

March-April 1961 6~ Relief Funds Used In addition to the contributions from the three member counties, ap- proximately $300,000 in Federal Emer- gency Relief Funds and the alloca- tion of state highway funds enabled the completion of the highway at a cost of near $12,000,000, excluding maintenance and minor improvement expense. Expenditures for construc- tion totaled $9,200,000; for rights of way $2,080,000; for preliminary engi- neering $730,000. The first project was completed in 1935-1.4 miles between Skyline Bou- levard and Junipero Serra Boulevard at Daly City, and 3.6 miles southerly along the cost to Edgemar in 1935 and 1936—financed entirely from state highway funds at a cost of about $144,000 each. Subsequent projects were financed jointly by the District and State, with the exception of a one-mile section of highway just south of Davenport and several minor drainage and repaving projects, financed by the State. The last Joint Highway District the Half Moon Bay Byposs (left) looking norfh from fhe junction with fhe original Coasf Highway south project between New Years Creek of Half Moon Bay. and Whitehouse Creek in San Mateo County, was completed in December, 1960. This 2.1 mile project was fi- nanced by $244,600 from the District and $200,000 from state highway funds. A total of 28 contracts have been completed in the development of the Ocean Shore Highway (now known variously as the Coast Highway, State Sign Route 1, and the Cabrillo High- way) for a distance of 68.1 miles, 50.3 miles in San Mateo County and 17.8 miles in Santa Cruz County.

U.S. 66 RELOCATION The California Highway Commis- sion has adopted a freeway routing for the relocation of 3.1 miles of U.S. Highway 66 in San Bernardino County east of Needles. The adopted route begins 3.1 miles west of the Colorado River and extends to the river opposite Topock, Arizona. It is on a more direct line than the present highway, which makes a loop Construction between Whitehouse and New Years Creek on Sign Route 1, the final project to receive a contribution from Joint Highway District No. 9. to the north.

68 California Highways and Public Works anCeves o~ d U re eS r~ ~ Tie Dimes

By BRUCE W. McCLAII\i, Road Commissioner, Monfierey County

EFOxE reconstruction of the Los No. 660), now provides not only a the south—a distance of 6 miles; and Laureles Grade Road, most commuters savings in time and distance for the provides a direct link over the Sierra travelling to or from Carmel Valley daily commuter, but also a scenic view de Salinas ridge of the Santa Lucia shunned the slow hazardous trail en- of much of the lower Salinas Valley Range between Carmel Valley and the countered on the "Grade" and drove from the Ridge summits. It extends greater Salinas Valley. a greater distance of 17 miles by way from the ~1~lonterey-Salinas Highway The old Laureles Trail predated the of Monterey from "The Village" to (State Route Nn. 117), on the north turn of the century and the prevalence Salinas. The new Los Laureles Grade to the Carmel Valley Road (Federal of the automobile by many years. As a Road (federal Aid Secondary Route Aid Secondary Route No. 661), on horse and buggy ~~ay, it doubtless sat-

The Los Laureles Grade project, located east of Carme! and Monferey was consfrucfed under the Federal Aid Secondary highway program and replaced a curving mountain road (sections visible in the center of the above photo) wifh a modern, two-lane highway. The old road has been renamed Toro Road. The view is south.

March-April 1961 69 survey was carried out in February, _~ _-.. 1955, and the completed maps were P~ v `~ ~ <<~, ~--~w i delivered to the County the following ~ !~ z .ALISAL~ April. The Road Department made no preliminary ground survey for this t` \9 project. It was the first Monterey County Highway project to be laid ~~~ ~~ ~ / SORT ORlJ ~~ o ~.~ o out and designed completely from nl ~ ~ ° G~ ~`v aerial contour maps. ~~/v\E ~ ~ /?9 ~i' ~.~ ~`~~t' ~ /// ~evE~~ ~ ~ ~~~ M/LITANY RESERIiAT/ON% ~ ~-- ~~ ~r ` ~. The relocated Los Laureles Grade _ ~~ ` \\~ i~n ,Pig was built in four FAS projects, since available funds were limited. Each ONTERG\Y1~' Ro project was laid out so that construc- tion began and ended on the then - -ti~ existing old road; in this way each ~~'~ "CAR EL + ,.~

~' fAJ W section became an independent con- LG/ V

Y{ ~ 11 struction unit, and the entire length t„'~ a r- cy,~~--~ ~a of any of the first three segments could be utilized singly or collectively. MEC ~~L\;, O Traffic counts were made after each

~ o ~~ CAKM~L VALLEY section was completed as a check for V/LLAGE DEPARTMENT 6 ROAD the expected increase in daily traffic \ ~ s `~~ COUN7Y OF MON7ERPY Jc,At e as reconstruction and realignment pro- ~` ~ ~ _ ' L * 3 STATE IIF C~1L/FORN/A ~ a--- ~~ ig6o gressed. This provided the warrant for the next segment in the overall pro- A map showing the location of fhe Los Laureles Grade project (double dotted lines) gram. described in the article. Joint Supervision isfied all criteria and standards of its material and to the lack of adequate Construction of the new Laureles day. But time and progress have a drainage. was under the joint supervision of en- relentless way of changing things and Conditions Corree4ed gineers of the State Division of High- notions. Even the superior of its day, In the reconstruction of the road ways and the County of Monterey, in time, sloughs in to obsolescence, and these substandard conditions were and was spread over a period of 4%z a secure and commonplace routine corrected to meet minimum design years. Construction on the first proj- then becomes, with the modes of to- standards for rural County highways ect was started November 27, 1955, morrow, atortuous adventure. And so as adopted by the County Engineers and the last section was completed it was with "the old Grade"; it had Association of California. April 14, 1960. many curves proven safe only at The Los Laureles Grade relocation The first two projects of the pro- speeds of less than 10 miles per hour, project was laid out and designed by gram involved grading and temporary and sight distances of just about total the Monterey County Road Depart- surfacing of 5% miles of the roadway. blindness. The 14 to 16 foot wide ment from aerial contour maps pro- The roadbed was built to a width road surface consisted of oil on native duced by stereoscopic. interpretation varying from 36 feet to 44 feet. with soil. Maintenance costs were excessive of aerial photography using triangu- two 1 Z-foot traffic lanes. Minimum due to the absence of imported base lated ground control points. The aerial allowable curve radius was 250 feet

BEFORE. A section of the Los Laureles Grade road taken in 1956. AFTER. The same section following completion of the project.

70 California Highways and Public Works ~°`°~ ~ ~,

BEFORE. This photo, also Taken in 1956, shows anofiher section AFTER. The same secfion taken shorfly after it was reconstruc}ed. of fhe old road.

and maximum grade was limited to 10 of the 3rd project was approximately crease in percent. traffic over Los Laureles. 4 miles. Grade, that an anticipated popularion_ Project 1 construction involved 2'/ The 4th project consisted of the of 20,000 in the Valley by 1980 may miles of new road extending from a following: Constructing a new road well generate a daily traffic which will point 0.7 mile north of the Carmel with plant mix surfacing on imported approach 5,000 cars per day. Valley Road to the summit of the old base material for the first 0.85 mile The County of Monterey, its Board`.. Los Laureles Grade. Project 2 con- north of the Carmel Valley Road; re- of Supervisors, the Road Commis-_ struction extended the first from the aligning the first 0.15 mile of the 1st sinner and his staff commended W. S. old summit through to a new summit section to eliminate three short curves Dolliver, former city and Cooperative to State Route 117 on the Salinas Valley of sharp radii; and paving 0.65 mile Projects Engineer for the Division of~ end. The new alignment increased the of the existing roadway built under Highways in San Luis Obispo, for his.. summit elevation by approximately 90 the first project construction. untiring efforts in implementing the feet. To eliminate the need for exces- The Los Laureles Grade project project which led to its ultimate ap- sive grading, the new road was aligned was made possible, in part, by anti- proval, financing and final construc- to follow the ridge top, dividing the recession funds in the Federal-Aid tion. Dolliver retired last June after' Carmel River drainage basin from that Highway Act of 1958 and by normal 33 years as an engineer with the State.. of the Salinas River, for 0.6 mile be- Federal aid to Secondary Road Sys- fore descending on sweeping curves tems, California State Matching Funds to join the old Los Laureles Grade and Monterey County Funds, as fol- just north of its junction with Robley lows: S.M.-Hayward Bridge Road. The new alignment shortened COST BREAKDOWN Mole Job Is Awarded the length of the road in the first and Project 1 Project 2 Pro)ect 3 Project 4 Total second sections by approximately FAS $106,500 $138,600 $132,713 $77,712 $456,525 The State Department of Public State 48,373 96,466 12,836 55,488 213,163 Works of a mile. The increase in elevation County* 41,299 16,950 60,260 21,942 140,451 has awarded a contract for construction of between the old and the new summit, Totals $196,172 $253,016 $205,809 $155,142 $810,139 a mole fill at the east— and the shortening of the road pro- * Includes preliminary and construction engineering costs. ern approach to the San Mateo-Hay- ward duced amaximum grade steeper than Warrant for the Los Laureles Grade Bridge, to Piombo Construction.. Company, that of the old road. The increase in was clearly indicated from the imrne- San Carlos, $642,820. The fill, which grade, however, is not critical since diate jump in daily traffic after com- will project about 0.2 mile into the they are no ice conditions and heavy pletion of the first stage of the new waters of San Fran- cisco Bay, will trucking seldom uses this route. road. In 1955 the average daily traffic be the future location of the toll plaza on the Salinas side of the grade was for the bridge. The Sections Are Paved toll plaza is now 200 cars per day. After completion of located on the San Project Mateo side, but will 3 construction involved pav- the first project of the program, a be relocated to ing parts the Hayward of the 1st and 2nd projects Monterey County traffic survey made side in connection with with 2 the proposed widening inches of plant mix surfacing in July of 1956 indicated that traffic of the bridge. after from two lanes four. 6" of imported base material was had increased to 580 cars per day. In to first placed over portions of the pre- May, 1960, just after completion of viously sealcoated surface. The last the last project, a traffic count of 980 The California Highway Commis-- 0.4 mile of road south of Route 117 cars per day was evidenced. It is ex- sion at its March meeting approve. has not been paved since the coarse pected from statistics of the past 4 five projects on Federal Aid Second- seal surface of this section appears to years of population increases in Car- ary County Roads with a total esti— be holding up well. The total length mel Valley and the experienced in- mated cost of $1,055,000. March-April 1961 7

72 72 California California Highways Highways Works Public Public and and

on on resources resources and and areas. tial tial Federal Federal Secondary Secondary Aid Aid County Sutter Sutter in in County.

be be decontaminate decontaminate how how and and essen- to to ices, ices, constructed constructed the the over over Bear Bear River about about four four miles miles northeast northeast Oso of of Rio Rio

restore restore serv- community community facilities facilities and and A A reinforced reinforced concrete concrete bridge bridge will Road Road (Pleasant (Pleasant 922 922 Road) Grove Grove

debris debris temporarily to to clearance; clearance; how how

provide provide demolition, demolition, shoring, shoring, and for for

services services how how during during to emergency; emergency; an an

D. D. Dexter Dexter MacBride, MacBride, assistant assistant chief featured. also also

federal, federal, state state local local works and and public public

ways ways

Information Information Foundation; Foundation; and

and and city city road road county county financing financing was

organization organization administration administration and and of

president president strong, strong, of of the the Better Better High-

Problems Problems search search projects. projects. discussed discussed panel panel to to be be discussion discussion A A are are the on

Burns, Burns, university university president; president; Ellis Ellis Arm-

sented. various various technical technical problems problems and and re-

the the

UOP UOP

campus campus were were

E. Dr. Dr. Robert Robert

industry industry tracting tracting also also be be repre- will will lowed lowed by by group group

discussions, discussions,

covering

Speakers Speakers at at the the luncheon luncheon

on

sessions sessions

Business, Business,

labor, labor, the the con- general general and and

Sixteen Sixteen

papers papers

were were presented, presented,

fol-

was was held held -9 -9 7 March March in in Stockton.

the the and and of of Army Army Engineers. Corps Corps

at at ference ference the the Highways. University University of of of of the the Pacific

bilization, bilization, Bureau Bureau

Roads, Public Public

of of

The The Fourth Fourth Annual Annual Highway Highway Con-

of of right right way way

for for

agent agent

the the Division

the the Office Office of of Civil Civil Defense Defense Mo-

and and

J.O.P. J.O.P. Holds Holds 4th 4th Representatives Representatives Annual Annual Highway Highway be be from present present will will Confer Confer nee

Utah.

California, California, zona, zona, and Nevada, Nevada, Hawaii, Hawaii,

and and cials cials other other specialists specialists from from Ari-

will will be be previous previous attended attended test test when when offi- by by the the governmental governmental tower tower was was knocked knocked over over by by runaway runaway . a a

sequence sequence

camera camera

from from the the a a 30 }op }op -foot -foot of of aluminum aluminum

tower. tower. Souza Souza suffered suffered minor minor injuries injuries during during a United United

the the

States, States, California California

seminar

Biennial Biennial

Phofographic Phofographic Exhibit Exhibit held held in in Philadelphia. Philadelphia. The The pkoto pkoto was was taken taken by by Souza Souza

with with a a Hulcher Hulcher 70 70 mm

held held

be be this this

throughout throughout year year

the

second second

in in the the prize prize black black and and white white "fiechnique" "fiechnique" the the section section .at .at American American

Society Society

for for

etn Materials. Testing

to to

illustrate illustrate

is is why why it it necessary necessary to to isolate isolate The The anchorages anchorages first first of of four four seminars seminars such such used used for for to chain chain Link Link fences. fences. barrier barrier It It was was awarded

The The above above

photo photo crash crash test test was was taken taken by by Robert Robert M. M. Souza Souza fhe fhe of of Materials Materials and and Research Research Department bilization.

from from the the Office Office of of Civil Civil Defense Defense Mo-

seminar, seminar, in in accordance accordance a a request with with

California California as as host host act act for for state state the

G. G. mund mund Brown Brown had had agreed agreed have to to

Bradford Bradford said said that that Governor Governor Ed-

B. B. Robert Robert Bradford.

by by State State Director Director Public Public of of Works

9, 9, May May 10, 10, and and 11, 11, announced was was it it

state state to to seminar seminar be be Sacramento held held in in

defense defense be be will will

the the subject subject five- of of a a

The The public public

works works

aspects aspects civil

of of

Civil Civil Defense Defense Meet

California California Hosts

County County road road commissioner.

cisco; cisco; and and Joseph Joseph B. B. Hughes, Hughes, Madera

of of Stone Stone and and Youngberg, Youngberg, San San Fran-

tomobile tomobile Association; Association; Richard Richard Bartle

Graver, Graver, of of California California the the Au- State State

Southern Southern California; California; Robert Robert W.

of of melee melee the the Automobile Automobile Club Club of

W. W. John John McDonald McDonald G. G. and and P. P. Par-

fic fic engineer; engineer; Dan Dan of of Finch Finch the the ITTE;

Gerald Gerald Skiles, Skiles, Los Los Angeles Angeles senior senior traf-

neer neer for for the the Division Division of of Highways;

engineer; engineer; George George Webb, Webb, traffic traffic engi-

Richard Richard H. H. Ward, Ward, Redding Redding city

neer neer for for the the Division Division of of Highways.

Carver, Carver, chief chief communications communications engi-

Washington, Washington, C.; C.; D. D. and and H. Arnold Arnold

American American Road Road Builders Builders Association,

works; works; Ben Ben T. T. Ostergren, Ostergren, of of the

LAB LAB PHOTO PHOTO WINS WINS Continued Continued from from page page .. .. . PRIZE PRIZE AT AT 39 39 PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA EXHIBIT I.T.T,E. 1960 Survey Shows r~ e os s Continued Decline

By H. K. MAUZY, Senior Bridge Engineer and W. J. YUSAVAGE, Associate Research Technician

TxE nowrrweRn trend of bridge con- Bidder Activity project dropped off slightly to 6.9. struction costs which began in the The intense bidding activity which Bidding during the first month of summer of 1957 continued on through was so prevalent during 1959 extended 1961 is down still further, to 4 and S 1960. During this period the Bridge into the first quarter of 1960 but then bidders per project. The trend for Department Construction Cost Index began to weaken as, presumably, the 1961 therefore points to a year of re- shows average annual index values of work loads carried by the contracting laxed competition and, consequently, 283, 267, 260, and 248 for the years organizations increased to a profitable to the probability of increased con- 1957 through 1960. When translated level. Consequently the average num- struction costs. to percentage terms, the decreasing ber of bidders per project dropped index values imply successive annual from the average of 8.8 per project Average Unit Priees reductions in construction costs of during 1959 to 7.3 during 1960. More- Unit prices for various bridge items 5.7%, 2.6% and 4.6%; an overall re- over it was noted that the heavier bid- were relatively unchanged from those duction for the three year period of ding during 1960 generally favored of 1959. The unit bids received for 12.3%• The general pattern of bidding those projects with values less than the items included in the large and during the final quarter of 1960, how- $500,000, an indication that the smaller highly desirable projects, such as those ever, suggests that bridge construction contractors were still looking for for the Santa Monica Freeway and the costs have completed the cycle which work. During the final quarter of 1960 Yolo Causeway, exerted a strong de- began with the low point in the reces- the average number of bidders per pressing effect upon the average unit sion year 1954 and which then moved rapidly upward with annual incre- ments of 4.1%, 16.2%, and 6.8% for the years 1955, 1956, and 1957 re- spectively. In all probability costs will again move upward in 1960. The level of cost for successive pe- riods is presented graphically in the accompanying chart which summar- izes the course of California bridge construction costs since 1934. ConstrueTion Activity ■~i ■■■■■ One hundred forty-three contracts ■t ■~~~■1■■■~■ii1N ■t■t■~~~ with a total value of $127,862,803 for ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~~~~ -~ bridge work only were awarded dur- ing 1960.This value is about twice that of the previous record which had been ~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~~n~~~~~~~~~~ . established in 1958 when contracts with a total value of $65.1 million ~ ~ ~ were awarded. The large increase in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ I the number of awards for 1960 is largely attributable to the release of Interstate Funds for a number of large ~~~~~~~~~~~~N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ projects which had been deferred in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1959 due to the curtailment of those ■~~~~~~ funds. The largest group of deferred projects were those for completing the portion of the Santa Monica Free- way in Los Angeles from Sth Street to Oak Street, with a total value for ■~~~■■■■■■ bridge work of $21.4 million. ~r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r~w~■■■■■■■■■~= ■■~ ■~■■■w

March-April 1961 73

74 74

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

in in of of terms terms the the composite of of cost cost a a of of $100,000,000, $100,000,000, competition competition fu- for for construction construction costs.

stressed stressed concrete concrete been been has has developed pected pected to to stabilize stabilize possibility possibility at at an an annual annual of of value any any major major increases increases in

The The summary summary unit unit ciently ciently of of cost cost aggressive aggressive pre- bridge bridge to to construction construction ward ward program program off off the is is ex-

ture ture projects projects will will will will increase. increase. probably probably However, However, be be suffi- since since the outlay.

cycle cycle has has been been

reached reached

and and

prices

that that

which which represents represents 3.45 3.45

of of % % the the

total

likely likely now now that that bottom bottom the the of of the

construction construction

during during a a value 1960, 1960,

near near and and Capitola, Capitola, Santa Santa Cruz Cruz County.

work work

began began increase. increase. to to is is very It It

$4,406,000 $4,406,000 of of the the Wharf Wharf prestressed prestressed Road Road of type type and and Soquel Soquel Avenue Avenue in

and and

the the

prices prices

for for various various items items of

freeway freeway standards standards Bridge Bridge Department Department between between contracted contracted Soquel

for

bidders bidders per per

project project

began began to to

fall fall off

converted converted be be from from expressway expressway to to full girder. girder. terms terms

In In of of dollar dollar value, value,

the

of of part part

1960; 1960;

average average

number number the the

of

1.5 1.5 miles miles of of State State Sign Sign Route Route 1 1 will -place -place cast tensioned tensioned

-in post - box

projects projects

during during

1959 1959

the the and and

early

prestressed prestressed cast- box box girder girder

and and

the

which which

characterized characterized

their their

bidding bidding

for

now now but but increasing increasing steadily steadily is is the the

pre-

year" year"

employees.

lose lose to to a a

gan gan

of of

enthusiasm part part the the

channels, channels, girders, girders, slabs. slabs. and and Rarer

which which

was was formerly formerly

done done by by "once "once a

the the that that construction construction

organizations organizations

be-

girders, girders, "T" "T" girders, girders, inverted inverted "T"

simple simple

machines machines

can can do do the the counting

it it ever, ever,

became became

increasingly increasingly

evident

applications applications are are the the in in form form of of

"I"

necessary necessary

in in

most most cases, cases, relatively

Toward Toward

close close

the the of of the the

how- year, year,

design. design.

Some Some of of the the more more common With With a a only only total total count count figure figure now

ing ing 1960.

applied applied

in in a a variety variety of of forms forms to to traffic traffic bridge figure figure for for a a particular particular area.

the the bridge bridge construction construction

program program dur-

construction construction tively tively new new of of types types technique technique vehicles vehicles is to to be be found found in in a a total

$5.8 $5.8 million million in in savings savings real real accrued accrued to

Prestressed Prestressed

concrete. concrete. estimate estimate the the This This proportion proportion rela- of of certain

tract tract valuation valuation million, million, of of $127.8 $127.8 about

enabled enabled

highway highway engineers engineers to to closely

Technique New New

1959. 1959. On On the the of of basis basis the the total total con-

accumulated accumulated over over the the past past 37 37 years years has

culated culated as as 4.6% 4.6% below below the the of level level

A A close close examination examination of of these these of of $4,000,000. data

struction struction costs, costs, drop drop a a which which is is cal-

of of

axles. savings savings the the the the for for item item are are in in excess

there there

occurred occurred another another drop drop in in con-

ups, ups,

and and freight freight vehicles vehicles by by number reinforcing reinforcing bars. bars. At At the the reduced reduced price

Along Along with with the the record record valuation

automobiles automobiles with with trailers, trailers, buses, buses,

contracted contracted

pick-

for for

262,536,000 262,536,000 pounds pounds of

Hazelview Hazelview

the the and and

Tunnel.

indicate indicate how how many many were were automobiles,

this this ing ing

year the the year

Bridge Bridge Department

Causeway, Causeway,

Caldecott Caldecott the the

Tunnel,

count count the the number number of of vehicles vehicles

to

significant significant and and cially cially

during during 1960; 1960; for for dur-

Santa Santa Monica Monica Viaduct, Viaduct,

the the

Yolo

These These employees employees were were required required

in in the the

unit unit to cost cost

of of

this this item item was was espe-

monumental monumental structures structures such such as as the

state state highway highway system.

to to

$0.097 $0.097

per per

pound. pound.

The The reduction

struction struction of of structures, structures, 5 5

31 31

including

lish lish the the average average traffic traffic daily daily pound. pound.

on on the

During During

1960 1960

the the price price dropped

contracts contracts 143 143

which which call call

for for the the

con-

day day in in mid in in -July -July order order to to help help estab-

1959 1959

and and

$0.124 $0.124

were were and and $0.113 $0.113 per

803. 803. Comprising Comprising

valuation valuation

this this were

to to count count traffic traffic a a on on Sunday Sunday and and

The The Mon- average average unit unit

costs costs during during

1958

tained tained

arecord arecord valuation valuation

of of

$127,862,-

employees employees have have been been hired hired in in

the the has has

past occurred occurred

the the

price price in in of of this this item.

the the

bridge bridge

construction construction

program program

at-

As As many many as as 6,000 6,000

"once "once a a

matic matic year" change change

over over the the

past past three three years

which which

had had deferred deferred been been

1959, during during

estimated estimated $360,000 $360,000 annually.

Bar Bar

reinforcing reinforcing

The The steel. steel. most most dra-

the the 1960 1960 of of large large projects number number

of of

be be will will reduced reduced from from $650,000 $650,000

to to

an

to to

item item move move upward.

result result

As As the the

a a of of over over carry carry

into

fic fic counting counting the the cost cost of of the the operation

slight slight tendency tendency for for the the

price price of of this

Summary After After first first the the year year of of mechanical mechanical traf-

$0.169 $0.169

per per pound. pound. There There seems seems to to be be a

annual annual statewide statewide July July traffic traffic counts.

struction.

1959 1959

and and 1960, 1960, are are

$0.164, $0.164,

$0.163, $0.163,

and

previously previously expended expended for for the the two -day

various various

materials materials the the

used used

for for con-

erage erage

prices prices for for the the

three three

years, years,

1958,

out out the the first first of of year's year's savings savings in in wages

its its crease crease

competitive competitive

position position among

cost cost

of of

this this

item item

since since

1958. 1958. The The

av-

The The machines machines new new will will be be paid paid stressing stressing for

industry industry is is

continuing continuing

in-

to to

There There has has

been been

little little

change change

the in in

be be augmented augmented replaced. points points dence dence or or to to

the the fact fact that that pre-

the the

Structural Structural

steel steel

(plate (plate

girder).

System System are are adequate adequate costs costs and and during during the the which which same same should

period. period.

evi- This This

cess cess

of of

$1,000,000.

parts parts of of the the greater greater California California State State than than Highway overall overall the the

reduction reduction in

realized realized

on on

this this

one one

item item

were were in in ex- count count traffic traffic %, %, 15.9 data data is is help help a a indicate indicate reduction reduction which

which which is is

3.6%

yards yards

of of

concrete concrete

so so

that that savings the the almost almost entirely entirely a a on on the the for for manual manual three three year year basis. basis. period period The 1957 since since

contracted contracted

quantity quantity

of of 1,036,000 1,036,000 cubic the the past past years years 37 37 net net have have reduction reduction been been in in the the made cost cost of of the the item

tion tion

was, was, however, however, associated associated

with with a regular regular and and special special counts counts which which for six six successive successive years years respectively. respectively.

The

1959. 1959. ing ing

The The

relatively relatively

small small reduc- equipment equipment be be will will used used to to take take the $144.74, $144.74, and and X138.97 X138.97 $134.92, $134.92,

for for the

average average

of of

$52.00 $52.00

per per cubic cubic

yard yard dur- New New electronic electronic and and mechanical has has $135.27, $135.27, been been $163.03, $163.03,

$164.48,

during during

1960, 1960,

down down

$1.28 $1.28 from from the close close to to $300,000 $300,000 annually. years years the the 1955 1955 to to

inclusive 1960 1960

(bridge) (bridge)

cost cost an an

average average

of of at at $50.62 an an estimated estimated savings savings to to taxpayers taxpayers of cubic cubic of of yard yard prestressed prestressed concrete concrete for

Class Class

portland portland A A cement cement concrete ways, ways, go go will will "automatic" "automatic" this this year The The average average cost cost per per composite

conducted conducted by by Division Division

the the

of of

High-

year.

operations, operations, as as well well

as as erection erection costs.

California's California's

vehicle vehicle

traffic traffic counts,

similar similar to to ally ally those those of of the the preceding anchorages, anchorages, stress stress steel, steel, prestressing

Save Save $300,000 $300,000 Yearly the the modest modest more more contracts contracts were were gener- cost cost the the of of concrete, concrete, reinforcing reinforcing

bars,

Unit Unit tion. tion. bids bids for for items items included included

in The The place. place. therefore therefore cost cost includes includes the

Automatic Automatic Counters

costs costs of of the the items items major major construc- of of yard yard cubic cubic prestressed prestressed of of concrete concrete in HIGHWAYS EMPLOYEE RECENT RETIREMENTS FROM DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCED WINS ENGINEERING Headquarters Office Highway Equipment Operator-La- Frank C. Balfour, Chief Right of borer, 23 years; Robert W. Vanstan, DOCTORATE Way Agent, 30 years; Rex H. Fulton, Senior Highway Engineer, 37 years. Albert Edward Simmons, Assistant Senior Highway Engineer, 30 years. District VIII District Engineer, District IV, has been District awarded the degree of Doctor of En- Loren S. Moore, Senior Highway gineering, thus becoming the first man Ignatius F. Cramer, Highway Chief Engineer, 22 years. in the Division of Highways so hon- Clerk I, 39 years; John H. Kennedy, District XI ored by the University of California Assistant Highway Engineer, 37 years; Joseph Malter, Laborer, 16 years. since the inception George M. Prindle, Highway Equip- ment Operator-Laborer, S years; Clar- of this doctorate. Department ence H. Sackett, Highway Superin- Bridge The honor was tendent, 34 years. Charles L. Caldwell, Assistant Bridge conferred at the Engineer, 26 years; Charles W. Jones, culmination of sev- District III Supervising Bridge Engineer, 41 years. eral years of grad- John R. Benson, Highway Leading- uate study and re- man, 34 years; Howard O. Brush- Shop 7 search on Simmon's wood, Laborer, 21 years; Lewis A. Albion R. Albright, Highway part at the Institute Hawks, Highway Foreman, 28 years. Equipment Mechanic, 17 years; Wil- of Transportation liam H. Davies, Machinist, 27 years; ALBERT E. SIMMONS and Traffic Engin- District IV Gene Skipworth, Blacksmith, 38 years. eering. His doctoral dissertation was Sebastian A. Urzi, Highway Lead- "Visibility Under Highway Lighting ingman, 29 years. Conditions." This research resulted in District V a mathematical analysis of visual as- Charles L. Bunce, Assistant High- Department Awards sessment and the objective determina- way Engineer, 29 years; Ralph J. Har- tion of relative visibility, permitting ~6 Million Contract rington, Highway Foreman, 34 years; the establishment of visibility criteria Hugh Lyons, Highway Leadingman, The State Department of Public for highway lighting. 29 years; Melville Thomas Rhodes, Works has awarded a $6,114,848.90 contract B. J. Lighting Meter Developed Highway Engineering Technician I, to Ukropina, T. P. Po- lich, Steve Kral &John R. Ukropina, From this research 14 years. Simmons has San Gabriel, for grading and paving designed and developed a highway District VI 2.9 miles of eight-lane freeway on the lighting visibility meter that provides Frank B. England, Highway Engi- Ventura Freeway between the Holly- an objective appraisal of visibility, neering Associate, 31 years; Henry H. wood Freeway and Buena Vista Street referenced to a standardized objective Rickels, Highway Leadingman, Z6 at Burbank in Los Angeles County. contrast. years. A native of Fresno, California, Sim- Fourteen traffic separation bridges mons attended Fresno State College District VII and one pedestrian crossing structure for two years before enrolling at UC, Carrie S. Neff, Senior Stenographer are included in the project. where he received his B.S. degree in Clerk, 27 years; Oscar P. Puterbaugh, This project, together with a 2.2 engineering in 1931. He received a mile freeway project to the east, will Master of Engineering degree from complete the extension of the Ventura Engineer the University of California in 1952. motion as Assistant Highway Freeway from the junction with the in District IV. Simmons first worked for the Divi- Hollywood Freeway to the Golden sion of Highways during the summer He became District Traffic Engi- State Freeway. while attending Fresno State College. neer in 1948 and Assistant District En- From June 1928 until September 1929 gineer, Design, in 1950. Since then he has been responsible for the design of he worked in Districts I and VI be- UNDERSECRETARY NAMED fore enrolling at UC, where he spent many urban and metropolitan free- Clarence D. Martin, Jr., of Santa the summer of 1930 on a District III ways in the San Francisco Bay area. project. He is a registered civil and electrical Monica, is the new Undersecretary of Commerce for Transportation. He Returns to District engineer and is accredited in Who's appointed by President Kennedy Upon graduating from UC, he re- Who in Engineering. was turned to District III, working for a A member of ASCE, ITE and in January. Martin is a Harvard grad- time as Construction Inspector. In APWA, he has also been honored by uate, and the son of former Governor 1932, Simmons moved to District IX, membership in Sigma XI, XI Epsilon. Martin of Washington. He operated where he became Chief Draftsman be- Simmons lives in Berkeley, with his an automobile agency in Santa Monica fore leaving in 1937 to accept a pro- wife Dorothy and daughter Jane Ann. and was active in civic affairs.

March-April 1961 75

7b 7b California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

between between west west the the road road frontage frontage and Provincial Provincial Game Game Branch.

the the snowmobile snowmobile

door door is is

the the thaf thaf of of Manitoba

issue issue of of the the magazine.

change change

bottom bottom with with

30' 30' width width section

some some fo fo interesf interesf your your

readers." readers."

the the

insignia insignia

on

second second

part part will will in in the the appear appear next

1.3 1.3 To To construct construct miles miles of of gation gation

channel season. season.

Thought Thought

fhe fhe phofo phofo might might be be of

lems lems in in the the IV IV

District District area. area. The writes writes Herrick, Herrick, "and "and

must must use use boats boats during during navi-

No. No. Plan Plan

1

rivers rivers in in winter. winter. "We "We have have no no on on article article higRw,ays higRw,ays drainage drainage and and flood flood here," prob-

vehicle vehicle

used used

in in

his his

area area over over frozen frozen lakes lakes and

This This

is is

the the first first

of of a a two

-part

of of

alleviating alleviating means means

this this

condition:

way way Hause, Hause, Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada, Canada, shows shows a a type type of

The The above above photo, photo, sent sent by by Charles Charles Herrick Herrick plans plans nate nate were were studied studied of of Nor- to to determine

side side that that of of the the Two Two freeway. freeway. alter- justified.

stage stage during during flooding flooding the the period period on dent dent that that this this channel channel change change is is well

with with west, west, a a higher higher resultant resultant flood construction construction pected pected it it savings, savings, is is evi-

would would the the area area reduce reduce flooding flooding on on the formance formance and and confirmation confirmation of of ex-

problem problem in in a a portion portion of of Healdsburg, From From curred. curred. observation observation of of its its per-

while while the the alleviate alleviate it it would would flooding and and only only local local minor minor flooding flooding oc-

freeway freeway proposed proposed the the embankment, new new channel channel performed performed satisfactorily

this this for for was was area, area, found found it it that that with of of heavy heavy As As rainfall. rainfall. anticipated, anticipated, the

the the drainage drainage In In of of the the design design system (February (February 6, 6, 1960) 1960) a a few few after after days

completed, completed, Dry Dry Creek Creek overflowed West West Slough.

Shortly Shortly the the after after <, work work channel channel was overflow overflow Slough Slough Norton Norton from from and

savings savings Creek Creek west west in in on on embankment. roadway roadway and and the the frequent frequent local

under under sources: sources: consideration consideration overflow overflow occasional occasional effected effected from from and and some Dry

the the othcr othcr than than subjected subjected alternate alternate from from to to drainage drainage two flooding flooding plan

was was system system this this has has low low to to estimated estimated Historically Historically area area no no greater been be be niques niques of of safe safe driving," driving," he he concluded.

Construction Construction of of cost cost this this drainage a a good good business business on on as as Slough, Slough, the the shown shown by by map. applying applying the the tech-

drainage drainage structures structures were were eliminated. or or avocation. avocation. and and Norton Norton It It ward ward West is is Slough Slough a a business. business. Malce Malce it

embankment embankment way way expensive expensive and and cross is is too too serious serious to to residences residences drains drains generally generally and and to- be be considered considered a a game

nel nel improvement improvement were were used used as as road- There There can can be be no no orchards orchards scattered prune prune ered ered and and distractions. distractions. by by Driving

change change channel channel and and the the outfall outfall chan- cupation. cupation. It It requires requires This This is is Creek. Creek. valley valley of of Dry Dry total total plain plain cov- attention.

of of material material excavated excavated from from both both the behind behind the the wheel, wheel, the the which which traverses traverses flood valley valley is is driving driving a a is is your your oc-

Approximately Approximately 168,000 168,000 cubic cubic yards fession, fession, remember remember Healdsburg Healdsburg that that of of and City City of of the the when when west west you you are

the the doing doing construction construction "No "No work. matter matter what what is is your your freeway freeway located alignment alignment of of job job the the or or pro-

essary essary right right of of way way the the

with with

State September September 1959. 1959. This This

began began new on on

quences quences

of of

his his

action.

portion portion County County the the the the obtained obtained

nec-

Healdsburg Healdsburg Bypass Bypass U. U. S. S. of of 101 on on

erately erately

ignored ignored

the the

potential potential conse-

the the co- operative operative

agreement. agreement. For For this

4.4 4.4 construction construction mile mile the the

section

of of

laws laws

in in

which which

the the guilty guilty

driver driver

delib-

Magnolia Magnolia Drive Drive was was also also

included included

in 60- Contract Contract

Under Under 4TC36F 4TC36F the

from from willful willful

violations violations of of the the traffic

the the between between channel channel

freeway freeway

and

Associate Engineering Engineering Highway Highway

for for tragedy tragedy

to to step step in. in. Others Others resulted

0.9 0.9

of of Slough Slough the the mile mile West West

outfall

S. S. NG, By By H. H. mentary mentary

lapses lapses

which which were were the the signal

improvement improvement change, change, channel channel new new

of

result result of of

DRAINAGE DRAINAGE

PRAJECT

mistakes mistakes

or or carelessness, carelessness, mo-

insure insure

operation operation

efficient efficient To To

of of

the

HEALDSBURG HEALDSBURG CO- OPERATIVE streets. streets. Many Many of of these these deaths deaths were were the

channel.

death death on on our our state's state's highways highways and

maintenance maintenance sible sible future future for for

the the

of of the

over over 10 10 persons persons per per day day met met violent

years. ous ous

change change

with with

the the being being County County respon-

3723 3723

"The "The

figure figure means means that that slightly

the the none none flooding flooding of of in in evident evident previ-

and and

way way constructed constructed channel the the

protected protected well well and and were were experienced the the commissioner commissioner said.

State State

the the obtained obtained right right necessary necessary of

properties properties by by served served new new system the the held held steady steady at at 5.3, 5.3, the the 1959," same same

as as

Conservation Conservation District, District, Water Water and and the

100 100 channels. channels. million million Highway Highway State State The The and miles miles of of vehicular vehicular

travel

County County

Sonoma Sonoma

the the Flood Flood Control

is is banks banks collector collector that that of of known known the the and and outfall the the rate rate of of fatalities fatalities

per

operative operative a a co-

agreement agreement In In

with

"The "The flows flows figure figure were were all all contained contained within within is is the dismal dismal even even when when it

adopted. was was

system system satisfactorily satisfactorily the the operated operated

and

cle cle accidents.

State State agencies, agencies, and and No. No. local local 1 Plan Plan

spread spread throughout throughout the the flooding flooding

State,

1956, 1956,

3804 3804

when when

died died in in motor motor vehi- discussions discussions of of many many sult sult between between the

s 1956, 1956, which which of of *orms *orms caused caused wide-

3723. 3723.

The The

year year highest highest on on record record was to to discuss discuss As As proposals. proposals. these these the the re-

operational operational the the test. test. During During

heavy

Crittenden Crittenden

said said the the

tally tally official official was owners owners property property private private were were invited

has has undergone undergone tem tem one one at at least least

severe

Patrol Patrol

Commissioner Commissioner

M. Bradford Bradford Healdsburg Healdsburg of of interested City City and and

completion, completion, Since Since drainage drainage this this sys-

Sonoma Sonoma Officials Officials County, County,

from from the

way way Patrol Patrol have have revealed.

executed executed and and by by County. State State

equalizers.

as as

final final figures figures by by the the California California High-

operative operative a a co- 1956, 1956, agreement agreement

was

freeway freeway

under under tures tures the the embankment

rose rose to to within within 81 81 of of the the all -time -time mark,

complete complete

and and eventually eventually detail detail

in in

July

sufficient sufficient place place cross

To To

-drain -drain

struc-

California's California's traffic traffic 1960 1960 fatality fatality

toll

proceeded proceeded study study

then then the the to to project project in

No. No.

2 Plan Plan

Nears Nears -time -time All High

Napa. Napa. The The of of District District the the and and County

Dry Dry Creek.

Continued Continued 60 60 .. .. from from . page page

and and Slough Slough to to overflow overflow intercept intercept from

State State Fatality Fatality Toll

PROBLEMS FLOOD FLOOD the the freeway freeway as as of of diversion diversion Norton `TEMPOS FUGIT' CORNER Federal Aid Head ~N MEMORIAM Rod Reynolds heaves The following items appeared in Rodney F. Reynolds, assistant office the March-April, 1936, issue of Cali- District II engineer for the California Division of forma Highways and Public Works. Hugh D. Fields, Highway Equip- Highways, has retired after 42 years A SEVERE WINTER ment Operator-Laborer. of continuous service with the state highway agency. Not since the state inaugurated snow District III Since 1930, removal operations on the Donner Willard V. Reynolds has headed the Small, Highway Lead- highway summit route over the Sierra Nevada ingman. division's (1931) has the Division of Highways Federal Aid Sec- been called upon to combat such District IV tion, which is con- storm conditions as it encountered in Oliver J. Welsh, Senior Account cerned with the $'"' that area last month. Clerk. necessary federal A total of 161 inches of snow fell approval of plans, on the Donner Summit route during District VII and cooperative 24 days in February. The highway Victor Nandino~, Assistant Highway state-federal fi- Foreman. was closed to all traffic for only 34 nancing for proj- Harry hours during the entire month due to R. Welch, Associate Right ects on California of Way Agent. poor visibility, drifting or snow slides highways included R. F. REYNOLDS on four separate occasions. District IX in the various federal road systems. CHICKEN FEED Charles T. Kispert, Highway Fore- When Reynolds was placed in The State has only $15,469,891 from man. charge of this section 31 years ago, gas tax and motor the annual federal expenditure for vehicle fees for District X major highway construction highway work in California was ap- during Ruben the current biennial period. Laxson, Janitor Foreman I. proximately $4,180,000. State-Owned This yearly KISMET Toll Bridges total has increased Seldon steadily since then, as a result of ac- For several years, officials have been F. Del Giorgio, Toll Captain. celeratedhighway programs nationally, perplexed at the attitude of calm ac- combined with California's spectacular ceptance with which the motorists population and motor vehicle gains. have taken accidents. ~ * ~ There is Ellis L. Armstrong In the current fiscal year, a total of considerable volume of evidence to $218,484,000 in federal funds will be show that only a small percentage of Becomes BHIF Chief spent for highway improvements in accidents are due either to physical Ellis L. Armstrong, U.S. Commis- this state. condition of the roads or to the me- sioner of Public Roads since October, chanical condition of the vehicles. 1958, left his Federal post to become Reynold's career with the Division ~ *` ~ Traffic accident study reveals president of the Better Highways In- of Highways began in 1919, when he major highway casualty factors are formation Foundation on January 24. was engaged in location surveys in bad driving, high night speeds, and The B.H.I.F. was organized in 1960 , including work pace differential between trucks and under sponsorship of the highway along the lower Trinity River and in autos. construction industry. Its objective is the Feather River Canyon. "to develop public understanding of From 1923 to 1930 he was assigned the need for and the benefits from to maintenance and construction op- Commission Votes long-range soundly financed programs erations on highways in the northern L.A. Freeway Funds for highway system development in part of the state. the United States." Reynolds was born in San Francisco The California Highway Commis- Armstrong visited California in April 19, 1899. He attended schools in sion has allocated $1,250,000 for free- March, including speaking engage- Alameda. He is a member of the way structures and approaches on sec- ments in Los Angeles, Stockton, Knights of Columbus, U. S. Coast tions of the future San Diego Freeway Berkeley and Sacramento. Guard Auxiliary, and the National route between Clark Avenue and Audubon Society, and a charter mem- Lakewood Boulevard in Long Beach. Of 1977 fatal accidents ber of the California Employees Asso- The project will include construction investigated by the California Highway Patrol ciation. of the Willow Street Undercrossing in 1960, 1111 were in the one-car cate- He and his wife, Verna, live at 5311 and pumping plant, and the Clark gory. The implication is obvious. In Pleasant Drive, Sacramento. They Avenue Undercrossing, as well as the the majority of last year's fatal acci- have one daughter, Mrs. James Mercer relocation and improvement of the dents, the driver of the involved car Glynn of , and t~vo grand- Bouton Creek channel. had only himself to blame. children.

March-April 1961 77

78 78

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

necessary necessary order order to to in in the the

obtain obtain goods,

Engineer's Engineer's collection, collection,

because because the the for-

change change parts parts of of earlier earlier directives

charges charges future. future. in in the the the the

Where Where

is

payment payment

this this

screening, screening,

rather rather the the

than than Office circulars, circulars, where where

successive successive

directives

as as possible, possible, As As far far avoid avoid

paying paying these

of of circulars circulars

was was used used basis basis as as

a a

for

"patchwork" "patchwork" modification modification of of previous further further out out

cost.

screening screening the the General General Files Files collection The The supposed supposed have have been been were were to to delivered delivered system system with- also also stresses stresses avoiding

identified identified

and and

typewriters typewriters listed. listed. other other After After or or materials materials any any the the first which

are are

contained contained in in

the the new new

circular.

included included in in any any schedules, schedules, of of these these or or of

all all

circulars circulars

now now

have have in in effect effect been

which which are are affected affected by by a a new new

circular

charges charges

have have you you on on which which materials paid paid

lier lier periods periods

and and

publishing publishing lists lists

until

Reference Reference

to to

all all previous previous directives

statement statement of of me me at at a a transportation once once all all

circulars, circulars, screening screening

it it applying applying to to ear-

aid aid in in

subject subject

supplying supplying materials. materials. firms firms

the the and and Please Please

reference. filing filing send

The The staff staff continued continued

the the process process

of

be be deducted deducted have have the to to bills bills from from of of the the

assigned assigned as as a a further further

control control and and an

mendations mendations

of of the the

report. charges charges of of amounts amounts these these

will, will, of of

course,

each each general general

subject subject classification classification

are

the the

further further Commission. Commission. The to to expense expense carrying carrying out out

the the succeeding succeeding recom-

Separate Separate

consecutive consecutive

numbers numbers

for

delivered delivered

office been been at at - without to to the the have have

Analysis Analysis as as the the served served focal focal

point point

for

neer, neer, Right Right of of Way, Way, etc.

materials materials etc., etc., equipment, equipment, which which iture, iture, were

partments partments was was essential, essential, Management

schedules schedules various various of of in in the the the the cluded cluded furn- example, example, Cunstrucrion, Cunstrucrion, OfFice OfFice

Engi-

While While

the the cooperation cooperation all all of of de-

were were transportation transportation charges charges goods goods on on in-

in in subject subject

filing filing and and reference, reference, for

was was screening screening tested. accounts accounts expense expense In In the the the several several

of of

nating nating unit unit in in

headquarters, headquarters,

as as an an aid

was was completed completed and and a a procedure procedure for Gentlemen:

assigned, assigned, using using the the name name

of of the the

origi-

the the accumulation accumulation of of circular circular letters COMMISSION

HIGHWAY HIGHWAY

CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA

General General subject subject classifications classifications were

Part Part possible. possible. of of the the task task of of analyzing

filing. below. Commission" Commission" is is given given Highway Highway

letter letter file, file, this this phase phase made made of of the the study

California Engineers Engineers Division Division control control of of the the and and an an aid aid in in chronological

neer, neer, who who made made available available his his circular

Several gineer gineer Fletcher Fletcher "The "The A. A. for for B. B. to to each each calendar calendar as as year year over an an -all

particularly particularly and and Office Office of of the the Engi-

Highway Highway State State Assigning Assigning from from En- 20, 20, of of 1912, 1912, consecutive consecutive numbers

The The cooperation cooperation

all all departments, of of

contained contained file, file, February in in dated dated the the be be reissued reissued as as a a new new circular. Division Division

circulars circulars

900 900

issued issued during during

these these years.

The The circular circular text text oldest oldest letter of of the the and and manual manual is is still still in in it it should effect, effect,

about about

370 370 circulars circulars active active

out out of of over

highways highways California California in in in in 1911. has has material material not not been been included included in in a

1955, 1955,

and and

to to identify identify 1956 1956 and and list

of of system system

developing developing unified unified of of state a a that that if if after after five five years, years, circular circular letter

of of all all

issued issued circulars circulars

during during 1954,

as as they they the the A. A. task began began B. B. Fletcher, Fletcher,

priate, priate, an an earlier earlier date. date. It It is is planned

cluded cluded

adetail adetail

screening screening

early early in in 1957

and and State State the the Highway Highway first first Engineer, from from the the issue issue or or date, date, appro- when when

analysis analysis

The The

of of letters letters circular circular in-

California's California's Highway Highway first first Commission tion tion date date is is a a date date either either five five years

the the

Division Division of of Highways.

management management a a task task was was which which faced from from active active files. files. The The expira- specific specific

the the

proving proving

circular circular letter letter system system for

The The

communication communication need need for for and to to in in order order permit permit removal automatic automatic

was was

to to review review the the possibility possibility of of im-

heads.

in in the the heading heading is is an an expiration expiration date

Management Management

on on That That Controls. Controls. study

district district

engineers engineers and and department

clearly clearly identifies identifies circulars. circulars. Included

by by in in

Advisory Advisory 1956, 1956, the the Committee

and and from from

policies policies management management

to to all a a distinctive distinctive Use Use of of heading heading which

result result of of a a preliminary preliminary study study initiated

nouncements, nouncements,

instructions, instructions,

procedures, include:

of of

the the

circular circular

letter letter system system

was was a

Highways. Highways.

The The

circulars circulars transmit transmit an- lished lished to to facilitate facilitate the the system. system. These

authorization authorization

The The

a a full full for for study

and and management management in in the the Division Division of Standards Standards and and controls controls estab- were were

problems.

been been

a a vital vital means means of of communication

all all to to departments departments and and districts.

California's California's

tremendous tremendous meet meet

road

The The

circular circular

letter letter

has has always system system published. published. These These lists lists were were distributed

ing ing and and maintaining maintaining a a road road

system system

to

letter letter

system.

tive tive circulars circulars 1947 during during was

-1952 -1952

effectively effectively

out out

its its carry carry

of of

task task build-

and and

improving improving the the

Division's Division's

circular April April 1959 1959 an an index index covering covering ac- all all

that that order order

the the Division Division

could could more

thorized thorized

aprogram aprogram

for for

coordinating

published published in in January January 1959 1959 and and in

system system primary primary

of of communication communication

in

Highway Highway

Engineer Engineer

in in

April April au-

1958, 1958, covering covering the the 1953 years years were -1958 -1958

Analysis Analysis

was was Section Section to to

streamline streamline this

at at

ice ice headquarters headquarters

when when

the the State Indexes Indexes of of active active letters circular circular

signed signed

to to the the Division's Division's

Management

cooperation cooperation with with

each each

originating originating

off-

dated.

communication communication

problem. problem. The The task task

as-

the the

Management Management

Analysis Analysis

Section Section

in which which were were still still in in were were

effect, effect, up-

needs needs

the the

of of the the

state state

so so

grew grew the

This This was was

the the task task before before

the the staff staff of

1955, 1955, and and 1956 1956

circulars Division Division

highway highway organization organization

grew grew to to meet

must must read.

Lists Lists already already for for prepared prepared

1954,

As As the the years years passed passed

and and

the the

state

stack stack 10 10 feet feet

high, high, all all of of which which

you

screening.

count count

arrives.

20,000 20,000

letters letters

on on

your your desk desk

making making a

be be proved proved to to more more convenient convenient for for the

the the goods goods be be paid paid before before your your expense expense ac-

PICTURE PICTURE

to to

yourself yourself

approximately

mer mer was was filed filed this this notify notify chronologically chronologically which once once office office at at lest lest the the bill bill for

F. F. GEORGE GEORGE ANDERSON, ANDERSON, Associate Associate Administrative Administrative Analyst

By By S. S. ALFRED ALFRED ROXBURGH, ROXBURGH, Senior Senior Administrative Administrative Analyst, Analyst, and

S S u rc i i a a I I e r Streamlines Streamlines e Procedures

New New

Management Management

Section • which in turn amend still earlier directives. In general, a new cir- DRIVER REACTION TESTED B~( SIMULATOR DEVICE cular is issued and the earlier ones re- placed entirely after one or two amendments or if the amendments makes fairly extensive or complex changes. When new or revised manuals are published, departments originating the manual are responsible for determining the effect on circular letters and spe- cifically rescinding all Division cir- cular letters incorporated in or re- placed by the manual. The system also distinguishes be- tween division-amide circular letters and the directives addressed only to headquarters staff. A separate system of Headquarters Office Instructions was established. Under the general responsibility assigned the Assistant State Highway Engineer, Administration, the Man- agement Analysis staff has now com- pleted the installation and launching of This is a view of one of the driving simulators demonstrated to engineers and scientists attending the the circular letter system with the is- National Conference on Driving Simu/afion held February 27 to March 1 in Santa Monica. Driver reaction fo highway features is tested by projecting a motion picture of the roadway onto a curved screen in suance of a master circular letter index front of the vehicle. A synchronized rear view of the road visible in a rear view mirror adds io the for all active circular letters up e/iect of realism. Pretesfiing of driver behavior by such a device could be of considerable aid to highway through designers and planners in predicting reaction to various types of signs, lighting and other roadway 1959. Each year this index conditions. will be updated and reissued. With the assistance of those con- cerned the staff believes the system has improved the accessibility of the 25-YEAR AWARDS GIVEN 18 EMPLOYEES Division policy and procedure infor- mation throughout the organization, Headquarters Office District III as well as to make it easier and faster Veronica Mansfield Gilbert Mulcahy to locate the standing instructions Leonard G. Humphreys by District which operations are to be guided. District V The future review and revision of in- Ruth H. Nielson structions to meet changing conditions William V. Ferrill Wendell W.Ray will also be facilitated. Herman W. Deltorchio S. A. Tingdahl District II District VI Russell Beckwith Lawrence T. Bavaria C.H.C. Considers District VII William M. Deamer Westside Routing Sacramento and Yolo Counties to Clovis E. Hedrick The California Highway Commis- Woodland. The route has been Lawrence W.Larson sion has taken under consideration the adopted from Wheeler Ridge through Bosilka Russell adoption of a freeway routing for 32.2 Stockton and in Yolo County from miles of the Westside Freeway (State the Sacramento River to Woodland. District VIII Highway Route 238) in San Joaquin Plans of the Division of Highways Laurence A. Brown and Sacramento Counties between call for the construction of a six-lane Benjamin District Holt Drive at the north city freeway at a cost of approximately X limit of Stockton and 0.8 mile south of $28,700,000, including rights of way. Willis E. Henderson Freeport. Start of construction would depend State-Owned Toll Bridges The Westside Freeway will extend on the availability of future highway west Glenn F. Davis along the side of the San Joaquin funds. The route is on the National northward Valley from Wheeler System of Interstate and Defense Materials and Research in Kern County and through Ridge Highways. Thomas S. Cameron

March-April 1961 79 STATE OF CALIFORNIA EDMUND G. BROWN, Governor DEPARTAAENT OF PUBLlC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS BUILDING — 1120 N STREET, SACRAMENTO ROBERT B. BRADFORD Director Director FRANK A. CHAMBERS . Chief Deputy Director T. F. BAGSHAW . Assistant RUSSELL J. GOONEY . Deputy Director (Management) JOHN H. STANFORD Assistant Director HARRY D. FREEMAN Deputy Director (Planning) S. ALAN WHITE Departmental Personnel Officer

DIVISION OF H1GHi!!/AYS State Highway Engineer, Chief of Division CALIFORNIA 1. C. WOMACK HIGHWAY COMMISSION CHAS. E. WRITE . Deputy State Highway Engineer Right-of-Way Agent ROBERT B. BRADFORD Chairman and J. P. MURPHY Deputy State Highway Engineer RUDOIF HESS . Chief Right~of-Way Assistant Chief Director of Public Works J. W. TRASK Deputy State Nighway Engineer DEXTER D. MacBRIDE E. M. MacDONALD . Assistant Chief Vice Chairman J. A. LEGARRA Assistant State Highway Engineer JAMES A. GUTHRIE R. S. J. PIANEZZI Assistant Chief Assistant State Highway Engineer San Bernardino IYMAN R. 61LLIS JACQUES T. ZEEMAN Assistant Chief J. E. McMAHON Assistant Sfafe Highway Engineer ROBERT E. McCLURE Santa Monica GEO. LANGSNER Assistant State Highway Engineer District IV ARTHUR T. LUDDY Sacramento J. P. SINCLAIR Assistant State Highway Engineer E. R. HIGfiINS . Comptroller ROGER S. WOOLLEY San Diego Maintenance Engineer FRANK E. BAXTER District vl► JOHN J. PURCHIO Hayward . Planning Engineer E. T. TELFORD Assistant State Highway Engineer L. L. FUNK ERRECA Los Banos MILTON HARRIS Construction Engineer JOHN DisPritf Engineers Sacramento N. HVEEM . Materials and Research Engineer JACK COOPER, Secretary r. SAM HELWER District I, Eureka Secondary Roads H. B. LA FORGE Engineer of Federal H. S. MILES District II, Redding SCOTT H. LATHROP Personnel and Public Information ALAN S. HART . District lII, Marysville H. C. McCARTY Office Engineer L. A. WEYMOUTH District IV, San Francisco E. 1. L. PETERSON Program and Budget Engineer R. A. HAYLER District IV, San Francisco F. M. REYNOLDS . Planning Survey Engineer A. M. NASH District V, San Luis Obispo EARL E. SORENSON . Equipment Engineer W. L. WELCH District VI, Fresno W. L. WARRfN Engineer of Design A. L. HIMELHOCH District VII, los Angeles G. M. WEBB Traffic Engineer GEORGE A. HILL District VII, los Angeles V. . District VIII, San Bernardino M: H. WEST .Engineer of City and Co-operative Projects C. KANE E. R. FOLEY District IX, Bishop A. L. ELLIOTT Bridge Engineer—Planning JOHN G. MEYER District X, Stockton 1. C. HOLLISTER Bridge Engineer—Special Projects J. DEKEMA District XI, San Diego I. 0. 1AHLSTROM . Bridge Engineer—Operations HOWARD C. WOOD Bridge Engineer DALE DOWNING . Bridge Engineer—Southern Area Stafe•owned Tall Bridges

DIVISION OF COfVTRACYS AND RIGFITS-OF-WAY (LECzAL) ROBERT E. REED . Chief Counsel GEORGE C. HADLEY Assistant Chief HOLLOWAY JONES Assistant Chief HARRY 5. FENTON Assistant Chief

DIVISION OF SAfV FRA►fdCISCO BAY TOLL CROSSINGS NORMAN C. RAAB Chief of Division BEN- BALALA Principal Bridge Engineer DBV6510N OF ~4[2C9iITECTt1RE ANSON BOYD State Architect, Chief of Division HUBERT S. HUNTER .Deputy Chief, Administrative EARL W. HAMPTON Deputy Chief, Architecture, Engineering, and Construction ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE ARCHIYECTURE AND ENCa1MEERING SERVICE Headquarters Office Headquarters Office Los Angeles Office ARTHUR F. DUDMAN Assistant Sfa1e Architect TOM MERET Assistant State Archifiecl W. R. VICK .Principal Architect—Project Management CARLTON L. CAMP Principal Architect JAMES A. GILLEM Principal Architect IAN LEE WATSON Supervisor of Project Coordination EDWARD G. SCHLEIGER . Principal Estimator CHARLES PETERSON Principal Structural Engineer THOMAS CHINN Supervisor of Scheduling and Control CLIFFORD L. IVERSON Chiet Architectural Draftsman LESTER H. MULLEN Principal Engineer HENRY R. CROWLE Administralive Service Officer GUSTAV B. VEHN Chief Specification Writer C, W. RHODES Supervising Mechanical Engineer 0. E. ANDERSON Principal Engineer LEONARD CHERNOFF Supervising Electrical Engineer I. I. LEVINE Accounting Officer PRESTON ROCHE Supervising Mechanical Enginee[ ROBERT J. PALEN Supervising Estimator JAMES T. RANSDALL Contracl Adn~inislrator ANDREW LOUARGAND . Supervising Electrical Engineer R. J. CHEESMAN . Chief Architectural Draftsman W. F. PARKS Supervisor of Office Services A. H. BROWNFIELD Supervising Structural Engineer H. C. JACKSON Supervising Specification Writer JUSTIN DuCRAY Division Management Analyst CONSTRUCTION SERVICE— CHARLES M. HERD Chief Construction Engineer FRANK B. DURKEf, JR. Information Officer Area 54ructural Engineers Area Construction Supervisors Schoolhouse Section Los Angeles Office THOMAS M. CURRA~1 Area I, Oakland F. W. CHEESEBROUGH Area I, San Francisco COOK Area II, Sacramento T. LEWANDOWSKI Supervisor of Project Management M. A. EWIN6 Area II, Sacramento 1.. WILLIAM ALAN A. HIMMAH Administrative Service Officer ERNST MAAG Area II1, Los Angeles CLARENCE T. TROOP Area ill, Los Angeles

r1YJfil¢d Tit CA LIP ORNIA STATE PAINTING OPPICE 36250 3-ef 43,Y00 THEN

In 1930 Sepulveda Boulevard in Sawtelle was a quiet, tree-lined street. Every minute or so a car would drive by. Sometimes there was a little congestion at the with Wilshire or , but Sepulveda in its role as a north-south connection between the towns of the western Los Angeles area was not called upon to handle much of a traffic load. The photo below, taken 30 years later than the one above, shows approximately the same section of street, looking south toward the Santa Monica Boulevard intersection. The pepper trees have been trimmed, curbs installed, and the street striped for four lanes. Despite these improvements, Sepulveda (then State Sign Route 7) became com- pletely inadequate to handle the constantly increasing traffic load. State Sign Route 7 today may be seen in the right side of the photo below. It has become the eight-lane San Diego Freeway (), carrying 65,000 cars daily.

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