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Index Aarhus Convention 5, 185, 368, 370, 375, 387, 499, Fund see AF 508–15, 517, 531–4, 536, 544–7, 558, 560, 562, funding 95, 97–8, 100–1 577–8 policies 97 Aarhus Convention Kiev Protocol on Pollutant projects 92, 99–100, 103 Release and Transfer Registers 528, 517 technologies 92–3, 101–2, 104, 106–7, 109, 111 Aarhus Convention Secretariat 531, 533 climate change 90, 112–115 abatement costs 70, 192, 294 additionality 84, 90, 151, 288, 294–5, 303, 309, 311 marginal 150 adverse effects 108–9, 145, 322, 355, 395, 428, abatement technologies 80, 574 450–1, 474, 491, 506, 548–9 state-of-the-art 69 significant 279, 497, 500, 503, 551 Abbott 77, 85, 87, 108, 112 Advisory Opinion 18, 40, 60, 207 ABNE (African Biosafety Network of AECC 399, 416 Expertise) 106, 112 Aegean Sea Continental Shelf case 44 acceding countries 4 AEI (average exposure indicator) 402–4 access AF (Adaptation Fund) 97–101, 111–12, 115, 153, 194 active 512–13, 577 AFNOR (Association Fran¸caise de direct 98, 100 Normalisation) 477, 487 passive 513 African Biosafety Network of Expertise rights of 28 (ABNE) 106, 112 Access to Information 185, 509, 562 African countries 104, 365 Directive 510, 516 agencies request 577 environmental 300, 409, 574 Access to Justice in Environmental Matters 185, food standards 462 499, 509, 533, 536, 562 agglomerations 355–6, 396, 400–1, 406, 408–9 Directive 391, 511, 516 agreement accountability, corporate environmental 544 multilateral 16, 83, 149, 526 Accreditation and Quality Assurancehttp://www.pbookshop.com 487 negotiated 172, 175, 182–3, 185, 192, 299 ACE (Association of Consulting Engineers) 12 Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 443, 464 acetone 583 agriculture 7, 23, 25–6, 92, 100, 102, 106, 108, Act 26–7, 29, 175–80, 229–30, 234–7, 239, 359, 111–12, 114, 162, 168, 174, 292, 447–8 395, 405, 410, 446, 492, 497, 541, 548 air 13–14, 27, 29–30, 258–9, 271, 326, 336, 343–4, action COPYRIGHTED372–4, MATERIAL 382, 411–12, 528–9, 548–51, 583–4, civil 421, 427, 572–3 587–8 remedial 267, 275, 277, 424, 426, 568, 574 ambient 396, 402, 406, 417 Action Plan on Climate Change and polluted 395, 549 Development 96 emission standards 394 actors, non-state 561–2, 565 pollutants 396, 400, 587 adaptation 4, 44, 75, 83–4, 92–8, 100–4, 107–15, pollution 28, 42, 58, 163, 322, 372, 394–7, 400, 141, 143–4, 147, 153, 155, 157–8, 161–2, 244 402–3, 405, 408, 435, 587–8 Framework 158 local 289, 505 Environmental and Energy Law, First Edition. Edited by Karen E. Makuch and Ricardo Pereira. Ó 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 592 Index Air Pollution making 476, 478, 481 Industrial Permitting 587 Annex II 42–3, 45–8, 143, 222, 277, 334, 391, 474, Directive 372 500, 521, 527 legislation 416 countries 143 Air Quality 9, 25, 66, 393–4, 396–7, 399, 406–8, parties 144 416–17, 502, 584 projects 500 action plan (AQAP) 408 Annex III 45, 49–51, 222, 335, 382, 521 guidelines 394–5, 416 provisions of 528 Management Area (AQMA) 408 criteria 49–50 ambient 391, 396, 399–400, 404–5, 408, Directive 165, 276, 326 416–417, 587 Annex VI Regulation 526 assessment of 396, 400, 404, 416–417, 467 Annex VII 375, 381, 388, 526 controls 587 Annex VII Regulation 526 plans 400–2, 404, 408 AOD (Argon oxygen decarburisation) 585–6 regulations 393, 408, 416, 582 APC (atmospheric pollution control) 334, 344 Standards Regulations 407–8, 417, 584 approach standards 81, 394, 396, 406–7, 409, 416, 467 combined 348, 470 Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC 394, life-cycle 449, 451 396, 400, 404, 406–7, 435, 467 prescriptive 232 revised 396, 399, 408 top-down 157, 396–7 Guidelines see AQGs aquifers, saline 258, 260, 266, 271, 286 Guidelines for Particulate Matter 417 Arab countries 122 limit values 396, 402, 416 arbitration 200, 242, 244, 252, 301, 304, 308 management and pollution control 312–319, arbitrators 244, 252 321–329, 331–341, 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act 359 382, 384, 386, 388, 390, 392, 394, 396, 398 areas management Area (AQMA) 408 catchment 46, 527 Air Quality Strategy (AQS) 28, 193, 405–7, 409, 417 maritime 222, 525 in England and Wales 28, 407–408 Argentina 9, 42, 60, 212–13, 242, 460, 562 air transport 160, 187 Argon oxygen decarburisation (AOD) 585–6 See aviation asbestos 323, 331, 421, 583 Aker 106, 112 ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) 12 Alberts 83, 87 Assessment 4, 9, 15, 38–9, 140–1, 328, 400, 408–11, Alert threshold 396, 401, 403–4 421, 449–50, 453, 492, 496–9, 526–7, 539–40 allocation 21, 166, 168–9, 178, 340–1 life cycle 269, 321, 394 guiding intersectoral resource 69 Management of Environmental Noise methodology 164, 168 http://www.pbookshop.comDirective 392 emissions allowances 516 Environmental Indicator Data Quality 559 allocation requirements 165 Environmental Indicator Data Quality in GRI allowances 133, 150, 163–9, 178–9, 260, 278, 280, Sustainability Reporting 559 340–1, 344 systems 469, 471 over-allocation of 164–5, 194 thresholds 400, 408 supplement 341 associated energy-intensive products 146 surrender of 275, 277, 279, 281 Association for Emissions Control 416 total 168, 341 Association Fran¸caise de Normalisation American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 12 (AFNOR) 477, 487 ammonia 54, 397, 409, 421, 583 Association of Consulting Engineers (ACE) 12 AMPS (Analysis and Monitoring of Priority Association of Small Island States (AOSIS) 154 Substances) 473 atmosphere 14–15, 95, 111, 141–3, 146–7, 162, 189, analysis, chemical 476, 487 230, 258–60, 263–4, 267, 271, 315, 327, 548–9 Analysis and Monitoring of Priority Substances atmospheric pollution control (APC) 334, 344 (AMPS) 473 Australia 66, 85, 100, 149, 214, 232, 268, 272–3, Analytical measurements 476–7, 479, 486 281, 283, 286–7, 311, 443–7, 458–9, 464 Chemistry 364–5, 487–8 Australia/Oceania States 204 Index 593 Austria 20, 128, 161, 330, 371, 521, 572–3 BEPs (best environmental practice) 43, 45–9, 55, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals 450–1, 58–9 463 Berkeley regulations 458 authorities Berlin 89–90, 147–8, 153, 577 competent environmental 531 Bernauer 447, 461 waste collection 340 BERR (Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Auto-Oil Directives 398 Reform) 130–1, 136, 138, 140, 174, 188, 191, available information, best 518 464 available techniques 50, 376, 527 best available Aviation techniques see BATs Directive 160, 169 technology 42–3, 45–8, 55, 58–9, 67, 322, 376 emissions 169, 176 Best Environmental Practice 43, 45–8, 58–9 sector 160, 169, 187 best practicable environmental option (BPEO) 394 Better Regulation Task Force (BRTF) 461 Bali 153, 155 Bill 26, 130, 175–6, 538, 573 Road Map 153–154; 194 binding 16, 18–19, 37–8, 41–2, 45, 54–5, 128, 147, Baltic Sea Area 45–7, 57, 523, 526 156–7, 172–4, 194–5, 202–3, 402–3, 509, 517 Bamako Convention 43, 57 agreement 110, 157, 213 Bangladesh 94, 115 commitments 156–7 banks mitigation targets 155–6 international development 301 obligations 17, 156, 301 multilateral development 144 rules, general 377, 383–4 Barazini 80, 88 targets, set countries 289 Barcelona 156, 523 biocides 452 Convention Concerning Co-Operation in biodegradable waste 325–7, 342, 344 Combating Pollution 524 fraction 327 Barnsley Local Development Framework Background municipal (BMW) 327, 329, 340 Paper 590 Biodiversity Convention 105–6 Bartick 68–9, 73 biofuels 127–9, 139, 162, 167, 263, 269, 319 Barton 83, 88, 223 EU Directive 128 Barwick 465, 477, 481–2, 487–8 biomass 128, 135–6, 174, 189, 263–4, 268, 291, 334, Basel Convention 43, 57, 321–3, 434, 566 581–2 baseline 150–1, 169, 173, 175, 177, 214–15, 217, dedicated regular 136 320, 500 biotechnology 104–5, 447–8, 462–3 information 497 regulation of 440, 446, 448, 461 report 375–6, 379, 385 companies 106 BAT http://www.pbookshop.comtechniques 448 monitoring of waste 382 BIPM (Bureau International des Poids conclusions 50–2, 370, 375–6, 381–5 et Mesures) 479, 485 Reference Documents 43, 50–1, 53, 375–6, 386 Birnie 8, 18–19, 30, 39, 41, 55, 143–5, 170, 200, BATAELs 376, 384–5 223, 563–4, 576 Bathing Water Directive 355 Bishop 210–11, 213, 223 new 355 Black Sea Convention 43, 57 BATs (best available techniques) 37–9, 41–5, Blanco 61, 65–6, 70, 73, 223 47–57, 59, 64, 115, 222, 329, 369–70, 372–6, Bloomberg 79, 88 378, 380–6, 388–9, 397, 586–8 Blyth Valley Development Control Policies determination of 49, 53, 373 DPD 495 Bauer 449, 461 bodies 6, 20, 29, 45, 49, 81, 120, 131, 216, 236–7, Bavishi 156–7, 170 294, 298, 305, 404, 546 Belgium 20, 122, 202, 323, 351–2, 371, 571–3 boilers, kW woodchip 582 Bell and McGillivray 13, 315, 327, 339–40, 427, Bolivia 98, 102–3, 114 491, 493, 500, 505 Bone 430, 433 benefits, environmental 342 Bonn 89–90, 114, 148, 156, 363 benzene 349, 360, 396, 406–7, 412, 429, 583 border tax adjustments 80–81, 144 594 Index borehole 272 interests 71, 556 Bosch 89, 114 location 68–70, 73, 116 bottlenecks 125–6 premises 410, 413 bottom ash 334–5, 343–4 Review 537, 540–1, 560 boundaries, maritime 217, 253 sector 174, 178, 399 Bowman 440, 442–3, 447–8, 461 energy use 177, 193 Boyle 30, 40, 55–7, 170, 223, 576 company’s 535, 537, 540–1, 558 Boysen 553, 559 BP 556, 565 cadmium 221, 331–3, 337, 349, 360, 396, 406, Exploration Co 242 429, 480 BPEO (best practicable environmental option) 394 calibration 477, 479–80, 482 Braithwaite 574, 576 California 66, 69, 81, 557, 560 Brazil 18, 155, 158, 160, 212–13, 293, 576 California Air Resources Board (CARB) 81 BRE see Building Research establishment Cambridge Water Co 427 BREEAM 498 Canada 17, 31, 60, 89, 143, 156, 204, 214, BREF 43, 45, 51–5, 58, 369–71, 373, 376, 380–1, 265,