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The Story of the Byzantine Empire
THE STO RY O F T HE NATIO NS L LU T T E E R VO L . I z M o I S A . P , R D , T H E E AR L I E R VO L UM E S A R E f I N E F R E E B P o AS A . SO T H STO R Y O G E C . y r . I . HARR R F R E B TH U ILM A N T HE STO Y O O M . y A R R G EW B P f A K O S E R F T HE S . o S . M T HE ST O Y O J y r . J . H R B Z N R O F DE . A R A coz I T HE ST O Y C HA L A . y . — R F E R N . B S B ING O U L THE ST O Y O G MA Y y . AR G D F N W B P f H B YE S E N o . H . O T HE ST O R Y O O R A Y . y r N E n E B . E . a d S SA H T HE ST O R Y O F SP A I . y U N AL N B P R of. A . VAM B Y T HE STO R Y O F H U GA R Y . y r E ST R O F E B P of L E TH E O Y C A RT H A G . -
180 Goi Erdi Aroko Pertsona-Izenak. Germaniar Jatorriko Pertsona-Izenak
180 Goi Erdi Aroko pertsona-izenak. Germaniar jatorriko pertsona-izenak 1 Testuingurua 2 Euskaraz nola idatzi germaniar jatorriko izenak? 3 Irizpide xeheak 4 Germaniar jatorriko pertsona-izenen sailkako zerrendak 5 Germaniar jatorriko pertsona-izenak zerrenda bakarrean (euskara-erdarak) 6 Germaniar jatorriko pertsona-izenak zerrenda bakarrean (erdarak-euskara) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Testuingurua Mendebaldeko Erromatar Inperioa desagertu ondoren ere, Erdi Aroaren hasieran, latinak jarraitu zuen prestigiozko hizkuntza izaten Europako erdialdean eta mendebaldean. Garai hartako pertsona-izen nagusiak latinez idatzitako kroniketan (Historiae Francorum, Annales regni Francorum, Annales Fuldenses, Annales Bertiniani...) agertu ziren lehen aldiz idatziz, eta latinaren bidez hedatu ziren Europan erresumetako hizkuntzetara. 1 Inguruko hizkuntzetara eta Europako hizkuntza nagusietara begiratuta, argi eta garbi ageri da garai hartako pertsona-izen nagusiak (errege- erreginak, santu-santak, buruzagiak...) askotan ez direla berdin idazten hizkuntza guztietan. Hau da, hizkuntza bakoitzak bere sistema grafikora egokitu ditu izenok, eta bere grafia eman die. Adibidez, latinezko kroniketan Lotharius dena (jatorria: hlud "ospetsua" eta hari "armada" elementu germanikoak) Lothaire da frantsesez, Lotario gaztelaniaz eta italieraz, Lothair ingelesez, Lothar alemanez, Lotari katalanez, eta abar; latinezko Rudolphus dena (jatorria: hrod "fama" eta wulf "otsoa" elementu germanikoak) Rodolphe da frantsesez, Rodolfo -
Gender and Violence in Gregory of Tours' 'Decem Libri Historiarum'
GENDER AND VIOLENCE IN GREGORY OF TOURS' DECEM LIBRI HISTORIARUM Jennifer McRobbie A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2012 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3151 This item is protected by original copyright Gender and Violence in Gregory of Tours’ Decem Libri Historiarum Jennifer McRobbie This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews Date of Submission 19th August 2011 ii Declaration I, Jennifer McRobbie, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 76,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2004 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in August 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St. Andrews between 2004 and 2011. Date…………..signature of candidate I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St. Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. In submitting this thesis to the University of St. Andrews I understand that I am giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. -
Roman-Barbarian Marriages in the Late Empire R.C
ROMAN-BARBARIAN MARRIAGES IN THE LATE EMPIRE R.C. Blockley In 1964 Rosario Soraci published a study of conubia between Romans and Germans from the fourth to the sixth century A.D.1 Although the title of the work might suggest that its concern was to be with such marriages through- out the period, in fact its aim was much more restricted. Beginning with a law issued by Valentinian I in 370 or 373 to the magister equitum Theodosius (C.Th. 3.14.1), which banned on pain of death all marriages between Roman pro- vincials and barbarae or gentiles, Soraci, after assessing the context and intent of the law, proceeded to discuss its influence upon the practices of the Germanic kingdoms which succeeded the Roman Empire in the West. The text of the law reads: Nulli provineialium, cuiuscumque ordinis aut loci fuerit, cum bar- bara sit uxore coniugium, nec ulli gentilium provinciales femina copuletur. Quod si quae inter provinciales atque gentiles adfinitates ex huiusmodi nuptiis extiterit, quod in his suspectum vel noxium detegitur, capitaliter expietur. This was regarded by Soraci not as a general banning law but rather as a lim- ited attempt, in the context of current hostilities with the Alamanni, to keep those barbarians serving the Empire (gentiles)isolated from the general Roman 2 populace. The German lawmakers, however, exemplified by Alaric in his 63 64 interpretatio,3 took it as a general banning law and applied it in this spir- it, so that it became the basis for the prohibition under the Germanic king- doms of intermarriage between Romans and Germans. -
The Rights of War and Peace Book I
the rights of war and peace book i natural law and enlightenment classics Knud Haakonssen General Editor Hugo Grotius uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ii ii ii iinatural law and iienlightenment classics ii ii ii ii ii iiThe Rights of ii iiWar and Peace ii iibook i ii ii iiHugo Grotius ii ii ii iiEdited and with an Introduction by iiRichard Tuck ii iiFrom the edition by Jean Barbeyrac ii ii iiMajor Legal and Political Works of Hugo Grotius ii ii ii ii ii ii iiliberty fund ii iiIndianapolis ii uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. ᭧ 2005 Liberty Fund, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 06 05 c 54321 09 08 07 06 05 p 54321 Frontispiece: Portrait of Hugo de Groot by Michiel van Mierevelt, 1608; oil on panel; collection of Historical Museum Rotterdam, on loan from the Van der Mandele Stichting. Reproduced by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grotius, Hugo, 1583–1645. [De jure belli ac pacis libri tres. English] The rights of war and peace/Hugo Grotius; edited and with an introduction by Richard Tuck. p. cm.—(Natural law and enlightenment classics) “Major legal and political works of Hugo Grotius”—T.p., v. -
CONTINUITY and CHANGE in the EIGHTH CENTURY Conciliar
CHAPTER 6 CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY Conciliar Continuity: Alaric to Clovis In September 506, thirty-four Gallo-Roman clerics met in the city of Agde “with the permission of our most glorious, magnifi cent, and pious lord king.”1 Th e honored rex was Alaric II, an Arian Christian, who hoped that by authorizing a council of Catholic prelates, he would be able to rely on their loyalty in the ongoing fi ght for political domina- tion in Gaul.2 Alaric’s dream of a Visigothic-dominated Gaul would be crushed only a year later, when he was defeated and killed by Clovis at the Battle of Vouillé.3 But in 506, the king was still vigorously attempt- ing to hold together a unifi ed Visigothic realm. Th e same year that he convoked the Council of Agde, he also issued the Lex Romana Visig- othorum (or Breviarium), a compilation of Roman law whose infl uence would far outlive Alaric himself.4 Following Clovis’ victory, and the establishment of Merovingian dominance in Gaul, the Lex Romana Visigothorum continued to be copied and consulted frequently, even though manuscripts of the Codex Th eodosianus were still in circula- tion.5 For Alaric, however, the codifi cation project had a more imme- diate aim: uniting the Roman subjects of his kingdom under a single code of laws issued in his own name. Alaric’s unifi cation eff orts were 1 Agde (506), Preface. 2 Mathisen, “Th e Second Council of Arles,” 543, has suggested that Arles II (442/506) was convoked for the same reasons already postulated for the Council of Agde (506). -
Achila, Visigothic King, 34 Acisclus, Córdoban Martyr, 158 Adams
Index ; Achila, Visigothic king, 34 Almodóvar del Río, Spain, 123–24 Acisclus, Córdoban martyr, 158 Almonacid de la Cuba, Spain, 150. See Adams, Robert, 21 also Dams Aemilian, St., 160 Alonso de la Sierra, Juan, 97 Aerial photography, 40, 82 Amalaric, Visigothic king, 29–30, 132, Aetius, Roman general, 173–75 157 Africa, 4, 21–23; and amphorae, 116, Amber, 114 137, 187, 196; and ARS, 46, 56, 90, Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman histo- 99, 187; and Byzantine reconquest, rian, 166, 168 30; and ‹shing, 103; and olive oil, Amphorae, 43, 80, 199–200; exported 88, 188; and Roman army, 114, 127, from Spain, 44, 97–98, 113, 115–16, 166; and trade, 105, 141; and Van- 172; kilns, 61–62, 87–90, 184; from dals, 27–28, 97, 127, 174 North Africa, 129, 187. See also African Red Slip (ARS) pottery, 101, Kilns 147, 186–87, 191, 197; de‹nition, 41, Anderson, Perry, 5 43, 44, 46; and site survival, 90, Andujar, Spain, 38, 47, 63 92–95, 98–99; and trade, 105–6, 110, Annales, 8, 12, 39 114, 116, 129, 183 Annona: disruption by Vandals, 97, Agde, council of, 29, 36, 41 174; to Roman army, 44, 81, 114–17; Agglomeration, 40–42, 59, 92 to Rome, 23, 27, 44, 81, 113; under Agila, Visigothic king, 158–59. See Ostrogoths, 29, 133. See also Army also Athanagild Antioch, Syria, 126 Agrippa, Roman general, 118 Anti-Semitism, 12, 33. See also Jews Alans, 24, 26, 27, 34, 126, 175 Antonine Itinerary, 152 Alaric, Visigothic king, 2, 5, 26–27 Apuleius, Roman writer, 75–76, 122 Alaric II, Visigothic king, 29–30 Aqueducts, 119, 130, 134, 174–75 Alcalá del Río, Spain, 40, 44, 93, 123, Aquitaine, France, 2, 27, 45, 102 148 Arabs, 33–34, 132–33, 137. -
Die Pragmatische Sanktion Von 554 N. Chr. Studien Zur Italienpolitik
Die Pragmatische Sanktion von 554 n. Chr. Studien zur Italienpolitik Justinians von Matthias Pöppel Gutachter (Betreuer): Prof. Dr. Peter Herz Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Andreas Merkt Pöppel, Matthias: Die Pragmatische Sanktion von 554 n. Chr.. Studien zur Italienpolitik Justinians / Matthias Pöppel. – Abensberg Die Arbeit wurde im Jahr 2016 von der Fakultät für Philosophie, Kunst-, Geschichts- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Regensburg als Dissertation angenommen. D355 © Publikationsserver Universität Regensburg 2016 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung S. 5 1 Die historischen Rahmenbedingungen 1.1 Der Gotenkrieg S. 8 1.2 Die Zeit von 553 bis zur Schlacht von Capua 554 S. 26 1.3 Der Zustand Italiens S. 41 2 Allgemeines zur Pragmatischen Sanktion (PS) von 554 2.1 Die Vorläufer S. 53 2.2 Die Überlieferung S. 67 2.3 Die Authentizität der PS S. 76 2.4 Juristische Einordnung S. 85 2.5 Zusammenfassung und Schilderung des Blickwinkels S. 98 3 Die einzelnen capita S. 100 3.1 Die Gültigkeit der Beschlüsse der Ostgotenherrscher S. 101 3.2 Rechts-, Eigentums- und Vertragsfragen S. 113 3.3 Steuer S. 163 3.4 Verwaltungsverfügungen S. 195 Résumé S. 212 Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 222 Quellenverzeichnis S. 223 Literaturverzeichnis S. 225 Indices S. 248 5 Einleitung Ursprünglich sollte in dieser Dissertation die Pragmatische Sanktion von 554 nur in einem Teilbereich zum Tragen kommen, weil sie ein Dokument aus genau der Zeitspanne und regionalen Relevanz war, die für meine ursprüngliche Arbeit angedacht war. Bei den mich beschäftigenden Fragen empfand ich die Literaturlage jedoch bald zum einen als unbefriedigend, zum anderen als zu stark zersplittert in historische und juristische Werke. Diese zusammenzuführen und möglichst zu erweitern bildete den Anstoß zu den hier vorliegenden Untersuchungen. -
Gothic Introduction – Part 1: Linguistic Affiliations and External History Roadmap
RYAN P. SANDELL Gothic Introduction – Part 1: Linguistic Affiliations and External History Roadmap . What is Gothic? . Linguistic History of Gothic . Linguistic Relationships: Genetic and External . External History of the Goths Gothic – Introduction, Part 1 2 What is Gothic? . Gothic is the oldest attested language (mostly 4th c. CE) of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. It is the only substantially attested East Germanic language. Corpus consists largely of a translation (Greek-to-Gothic) of the biblical New Testament, attributed to the bishop Wulfila. Primary manuscript, the Codex Argenteus, accessible in published form since 1655. Grammatical Typology: broadly similar to other old Germanic languages (Old High German, Old English, Old Norse). External History: extensive contact with the Roman Empire from the 3rd c. CE (Romania, Ukraine); leading role in 4th / 5th c. wars; Gothic kingdoms in Italy, Iberia in 6th-8th c. Gothic – Introduction, Part 1 3 What Gothic is not... Gothic – Introduction, Part 1 4 Linguistic History of Gothic . Earliest substantively attested Germanic language. • Only well-attested East Germanic language. The language is a “snapshot” from the middle of the 4th c. CE. • Biblical translation was produced in the 4th c. CE. • Some shorter and fragmentary texts date to the 5th and 6th c. CE. Gothic was extinct in Western and Central Europe by the 8th c. CE, at latest. In the Ukraine, communities of Gothic speakers may have existed into the 17th or 18th century. • Vita of St. Cyril (9th c.) mentions Gothic as a liturgical language in the Crimea. • Wordlist of “Crimean Gothic” collected in the 16th c. -
Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths. -
The Parthian Shot Newsletter of the British Horseback Archery Association
The Parthian Shot Newsletter of the British Horseback Archery Association Issue 3, November 2010 Welcome to the Parthian Shot, occasional newsletter of the BHAA. This is the third issue ... and yes I know we didn’t manage to get four out in a year as promised. However, hopefully that has meant there has been no compromise on quality and once again thanks to all those who have submitted articles over the last 12 months. The focus for this issue are the Dark Ages - and notably the infamous Huns. Described in history books as “the scourge of God” they were the original bad-boys of horse archery ... or were they? Dark Age Horse Archers by Rick Lippiett During the Dark Ages Central Eurasia and Central Europe underwent a series of complicated, and seemingly endless migrations, invasions, conquests, reconquests and occupations. This was in contrast to Greater Persia which enjoyed some relative stability for 400 years under the Sassanid Empire (which had fairly seamlessly replaced the Parthian Empire). The situation was otherwise in the lands occupied by modern day Ukraine, Turkey, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and the Balkans. Hun Nomad Horse Archer - Horse and Hun Rider taking a break. Note slung bow & straight sword During the Dark Ages (roughly from 100AD - 600AD) an area of Central Europe became a prominent powerbase and would remain so much like the Mongol Tribes and Clans 1000 As they were later described, ‘The Scourge of for at least the next 500 years. The Romans years later. Amongst these Sarmatian tribes God’ would sweep out of the East in an unholy named that region Pannonia, and indeed for were also the Saccae (the former Greek name whirlwind of violence and destruction and some of the time it was considered a province for the Scythians), Roxolani, Iazyges, Siraces, completely overwhelm most of the nomadic of the Roman Empire. -
Tarih Programi
T.C. ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ VİZİGOT KRALLIĞI (BAŞLANGICINDAN V. YÜZYILIN SONUNA KADAR) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ MEDİHA KİREMİTCİ CANTÜRK TARİH PROGRAMI Ankara-2020 1 T.C. ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ VİZİGOT KRALLIĞI (BAŞLANGICINDAN V. YÜZYILIN SONUNA KADAR) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ MEDİHA KİREMİTCİ CANTÜRK TARİH PROGRAMI Yüksek Lisans Tezi Prof. Dr. Musa Şamil YÜKSEL Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mert KOZAN BİRİNCİ DANIŞMAN İKİNCİ DANIŞMAN Ankara-2020 1 BEYAN Bu tez içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallar ve etik davranış çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Ayrıca bu kurallar ve davranışların gerektirdiği gibi bu çalışmada orijinal olmayan her tür kaynak ve sonuçlara tam olarak atıf ve referans yaptığımı da beyan ederim; aksi takdirde tüm yasal sorumluluğu kabul ediyorum. MEDİHA KİREMİTCİ CANTÜRK 2 TEŞEKKÜR Çalışmam boyunca hiçbir zaman deteklerini esirgemen değerli hocalarım Prof. Dr. Musa Şamil YÜKSEL ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mert Kozan’a teşekkürlerimi bir borç bilirim. Ek olarak bu günlere gelmemde ve araştırma sürecinde her daim arkamda olan, maddi manevi destekçim annem Hatice, babam Ümit ve kardeşim Hasan Ali KİREMİTCİ’ye derin teşekkür ve sevgilerimi sunarım. 3 ÖZET Vizigot Krallığı (Başlangıcından V. Yüzyılın Sonuna Kadar) Baltık Denizi Kıyılarında ortaya çıkan Gotlar, Karadeniz ve Tuna Nehri boyunca ilerleyen bir topluluk olarak tarih sahnesinde yerlerini alırlar. Tuna Nehri civarına geldiklerinde yoğun Roma ve Hun saldırıları ile karşılaşmaları sonucu Ostrogot ve Vizigot olarak ayrılan Got topluluklarının her biri kendi yapısını oluştururlar. Vizigotlar, 378 yılına gelindiğinde Roma ordusunu Edirne dolaylarında Hadrianapolis Muharebesi’nde yenmişlerdir. Bu muharebe sonrası Theodosius, Vizigotlarla anlaşmış ve onları Roma ordusuna almıştır. Buna karşın, yapılan barış uzun sürmemiş, Theodosius’un hâkimiyetinin sona ermesiyle Roma içinde Gotlara yapılan baskılar artmıştır.