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The Origin, Essence and Forms of the Kazakh Agon

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The Origin, Essence and Forms of the Kazakh Agon Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 6, Issue 6, 2019 Review Article THE ORIGIN, ESSENCE AND FORMS OF THE KAZAKH AGON 1Sapanov S.Zh, 2Kairgaliyeva G, 3Yermagambetova А. U.,4 Zhumabayeva K.ZH., 5Akserikov G.E. 1Doctor of historic science, Director Research center «History, Archeology and Ethnography of Atyrau resion», Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmaganbetov, Atyrau, Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] 2Atyrau, Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmaganbetov, сandidate of historic scienceAtyrau, Kazakhstan, e-mail:g [email protected] 3Atyrau, Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmaganbetov, сandidate of historic scienceAtyrau, Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] 4Master of pedagogy, KazNU named after Al-Farabi, Department of pedagogy and educational management, Almaty, Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] 5Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmaganbetov, Department of General Physical Culture,Atyrau, Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Received: 11.11.2019 Revised: 13.12.2019 Accepted: 15.12.2019 Abstract Important theoretical aspects are considered in this article: the origin and essence of the Kazakh controversial culture. Sport competitive culture is the only part of the general agonistics, which includes various other kinds of competitions: poetic, musical etc., and Kazakh controversial culture is a part of the universal human culture. The questions of sports culture and philosophy, especially its agonistic context, seem to be the most complex, interesting and relevant. However, deep theoretical development is required to understand the essence of agon in the world and national sports culture, as one of the most socially demanded and the most developed variety of culture. Agonistics as a cultural phenomenon attracts the attention of the world scientific community: culturologists, philosophers, art historians, economists, teachers, etc. We have taken the Kazakh example, the method of comparing the world's agon with the Kazakh tradition: its ancient sources, its national-specific characteristics, its organic connection with the initial bases: martial arts, rituals and sports games of ancient Turkic peoples to identify the essence, origin, forms of agon. Such a national- theoretical approach sheds light not only on the specifics, but also on the general laws of the development of a sport-competitive culture, on the common origins and the universal essence of adversarial (agon) in its various manifestations and not only sports. The article explores theoretical approaches, interpretations of foreign, Kazakh philosophers and culturologists. This scientific theoretical and methodological base is of fundamental importance for studying the essence and genesis of world sports and sports phenomena. Key words: Kazakh agon, agonistic genres and forms, military rites and rituals, genesis, dialectics, interpretation, concept, initial foundations, essence, specifics, tradition. © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.06.06.63 INTRODUCTION Culture" and "Typology of Worldwide National Battle Rites, This article is part of a large scientific complex cultural Rituals and Military Sports Games" are not specifically research devoted to the origin of a sports-competitive culture considered in this article, although we can not ignore them. (genesis) and its essence. Kazakh agonistic culture was able to preserve the ancient traditions and national-specific features The object of our study is the essence of agon, its genre and up to the 21st century because in the center of culture there is typological diversity, its origin. a person that is usually associated with the fact that they Agon (battle, competition) is the source and root cause of compare it with the Kazakh national temperament: with its human culture and civilization and the beginning of all ancient sources, nationally meaningful semantics, with initial dialectics. None of the historical, social and cultural grounds: martial arts, rituals and military sports games of phenomena could not have arisen, formed, evolved, ancient Turkic peoples. approached its blossoming, decay and decline outside the However, before discussing sports contests culture, we need to internally embedded agon: battle, opposition, competition, consider the general theory of agonism. This is the theoretical polemic and controversy. Proceeding from this root cause, all aspect of the problem, and here we use the theoretical thinkers, beginning with Heraclitus, deduce their theories approaches and methodological basis of both foreign and about the origin, development and extinction of the world. Kazakh philosophy and culturology that study the theory of This battle, competitiveness is the core and the beginning of agonism. the dialectics phenomena known to us. In Greek it is called an agon. The scientific and research part offered to the attention of experts is called "The origin, essence and forms of the Kazakh The main goal of the present study is to reveal the genesis of agon". It is the main topic, the subject of our study, but it is also the world sport-competitive culture and the common and the most initial, first part of the overall system of a large universal essence of the word agon, based the example of the complex study called "The concept of agon in the world sports- origin of the Kazakh agonistic culture, a significant and competitive culture." The rest of the structural paragraphs - independent part of which is a sports-competitive culture.Such "Semiotics and the Specifics of Agon in the World Sports theoretical aspect requires the solution of several problems: Journal of critical reviews 416 THE ORIGIN, ESSENCE AND FORMS OF THE KAZAKH AGON • to present the main foreign and domestic research "battle". approaches in the general theory of agonistic culture; There are various agonistic forms: sports, art, (poetic and • to reveal national-specific patterns of genesis and musical), etc.The study of the general theory of agon essence of the Kazakh agon; traditionally goes back to antiquity, to the Greek agonas, which • to reveal the typology of Kazakh agonistic forms, their are the four main ones: the Olympic Games in 776 composition, structure, national specifics; year, the Pythian Games in 586 year, the Isthmian Games in explore the most common (universal) features of both national 582 and the Nemean Games in 573 years. However, the agon and world sports-competitive culture. finds its deep archaic origin in all ancient folklore, early The practical importance of this research is based on the high literary and medieval monuments of epic culture: "The Epic of need for the development and writing textbooks and teaching Gilgamesh" (the struggle of Gilgamesh with Enkidu), "The Song aids in the field of philosophy and methodology of teaching of the Nibelungs" (Brynhilda's struggle with Siegfried and the Kazakh sport culture, the implementation of the most valuable groom), Homer's "Iliad" (A match between Odysseus and the results in the educational and research process. grooms). Agonistic collisions are clearly manifested in the epics about The novelty of this work should be recognized as follows: the Russian heroes, in the Kazakh heroic and lyric-epic tales: "Koblandy batyr", "Alpamys", "Kyz-Zhybek", "Kozy Korpesh • for the first time the concept of agon is considered on and Bayan Sulu", in the archaic heroic tales of the Turkic- the national Kazakh material in comparison with the Mongolian peoples and in the oral poetry of akyns and ancient Greek agon; zhyraus. For analysis, we took the ancient Turkic agon, • for the first time the ideas of Kazakhstani theoreticians imprinted in the archaic Kazakh fairy tale "Animal Dispute." about the origin of agonistic forms of sports culture are This intertribal agon embodied the cosmic struggle of two laid in the basis of scientific and theoretical opposing forces (7, 33; 8, 537; 9, 114) developments of agonism; • for the first time based on the European theoretical and In the analysis of this agon, we used data on Turkic folklore, methodological base, various national agonistic forms ethnography, and also an article of the Academic edition became the subject of analysis. "Myths of the World Nations ". We reviewed the main foreign and Kazakh studies on the general problems of culturogenesis, The relevance of research (10, 114; eleven; 12). 1 The relevance of the study is caused by two important This made it possible to clarify the genesis and essence of the reasons: adversarial culture and, in particular, sports agonism. The a) a serious lack of the necessary conceptual and theoretical method of abstract review and review allowed us to data in the area of sports culture, the newest methods of understand the nature of agon and agonal forms more deeply. identifying and interpreting the essence and origin of sports The author of the thesis brings the systematization agonistics; of theoretical concepts of different researchers, their scientific b) a general underestimation of the archaic agonistic forms of methodology is widely presented, agon and agonistic both sports and non-sports culture: the ancient agon manifests phenomena are interpreted, beginning with Aristotle and itself most specifically initially holistically; ending with the modern outstanding theorists of culture who 2 In this sense, Kazakh cultural genesis, taking into account its have made up the classics of modern
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