The 9th CAIPSDCC Webinar ”Impacts on Ecosystem and other Biophysical Processes in Small Islands from the Pandemics and the Climate Crisis”, 16 July 2020

Are there Any Effects of Pandemic and Climate Crisis on Fisheries ?

Dr. Augy Syahailatua Research Centre for Oceanography – LIPI Jakarta, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected] Outline

• Recruitment Concept • Highlights 2 Previous Studies on fishery • What we learned? • Scenario for the future • Summary & Conclusion LIFE CYCLE OF FISH The condition (or health) of a larval fish determines its ability to survive

…affects recruitment and Nutrients

Primary producers

Zooplankton

Larval fish? Case #1: Tuna Fishery

MAIN TUNA FISHING LOCATIONS

Pacific Ocean

P4KSI – BRKP – KKP, 2014 Question? - tuna spawning location ? Southern Bluefin Tuna - spawning periods ? - life history cycle ? Tuna Habitat - Temperature

Species Temperature (°C) Skipjack 20-29 Yellowfin 20-30 Bigeye 13-27 Albacore 15-21 Southern Bluefin 17-20

Range of sea surface temperature with substantial catches

Source: Sund et al. (1981) Summary of FL measurement (cm) from SKJ catch in Central Maluku, 1984-2011

No. Study Periods Location N FL Range Average FL Source (cm) (cm) 1. Apr-Jun 1984 Ambon Is 378 29-60 45.3 Uktolseja 1987 2. Nov 1984-Nov Lease Isl. 9125 27-70 ? Hukom et al., 1991 1986 3. 1985 Ambon Is 1845 30-67 49.5 Bahar & Rahardjo, 1987 4. Jun-Okt 1986 Lease Is 2902 30-70 50.9* Sumadhiharga & Hukom, 1989 5. Mar-Dec 2007 Lease Isl. & 4293 30-78 42.4* Nugraha et al., Buru Is. 2010 6. Apr-Dec 2011 Manipa Is. 2610 31-68 48.5 LIPI Ambon Size composition of SKJ tuna

Adult SKJ seems to be dominated in pole and line fishery

(Syahailatua & La Pay, 2015) Skipjack Projection in Pacific Ocean up to 2090

2000 2000

2050 2050 L A a d r v u a l t l

b d i e o n m s

i Decreased biomass in WCPO associated with SST overheating, and Increased biomass in EPO. a t y s s Lehodey et al., 2011 Case #2: Coastal Fishery

10 km Coastal Fishery – in Ambon Bay

4.00 Average weight of monthly samples 3.00 (kg) 2.00 1.00 S a 0.00 m p P1 P2 P3 l e

W e i g h t

( k g ) 64 Families / 308 Species

ACANTHURIDAE CYNOGLOSSIDAE MONACANTHIDAE PSETTODIDAE AMBASSIDAE DACTYLOPTERIDAE MONODACTILIDAE SCATOPHAGIDAE ANTENNARIIDAE DASYATIDAE MUGILIDAE SCOMBRIDAE APOGONIDAE DREPANEIDAE MULLIDAE SCORPAENIDAE ATHERINIDAE ECHENEIDAE NEMIPTERIDAE SCOTOPHAGIDAE BALISTIDAE ENGRAULIDIDAE OPHICHTHIDAE SERANIDAE BELONIDAE EPHIPPIDAE OSTRACINIDAE SIGANIDAE BLENNIDAE FISTULARIDAE PARALICHTHYIDAE SILLAGINIDAE BOTHIDAE GERREIDAE PEGASIDAE SOLEIDAE CAESIONIDAE GOBIIDAE PINGUIPEDIDAE SPHYRAENIDAE CALLIONYMIDAE HAEMULIDAE PLATYCEPHALIDAE SYNGNATHIDAE CARANGIDAE HEMIRHAMPHIDAE PLOTOSIDAE SYNODONTIDAE CENTRISCIDAE LEIOGNATHIDAE POLYNEMIDAE TENTRAROGIDAE

CHAETODONTIDAE LETHRINIDAE POMACENTRIDAE TERAPONTIDAE

CHIROCENTRIDAE LOBOTIDAE POMADASIDAE TETRAODONTIDAE CLUPEIDAE LUTJANIDAE PRIACANTHIDAE TRICHIURIDAE 40

60

80

B 100 r a y - C u r t i s

S i m i l a r i t y

I n d e x

( % ) 1994 ≈ 72 ha 2012 ≈ 138 ha Chlorophyll-a TSI TRIX TSS

1972

1986

1991

2006

2010 W a

(Wouthuyt zen, 2012)

e L H O M E H NSU SU L H r

Q u a l i t y

i n

A m b o n

B a y :

What we learned?

 Serial data and information are needed to understand change in marine fishery  Focus research need to be extended to not only more studies on fishery biology, but also on marine habitat /environment;  Intensive research and long-term monitoring need to be conducted on fishery, especially for high demand commercial species (e.g. tuna, grouper, scads) Scenario for the future :

• To improve research design for marine fishery including early life history, stock population, spawning locations, migration patterns, food sources, etc • To set up research priorities and big impacts; • Target species • High migratory species • Treathened species • Endemic species • To enhance collaborative Research and sharing research facilities • Using research vessels & sailing days, laboratories and equipment • Using new science approach /methods • Using big data facility SUMARRY & CONCLUSION

 Indonesia territory has dominated by marine waters, and marine fishery is very important for national benefit;  We have a lot of experience in research and monitoring for marine fishery, but need to shift our approach (incl. method, technology, modelling, etc)  To understand the effect of pandemic and climate crisis on fishery, we have to have database and long-term monitoring system. Acknowledgment • Institute for Sustainable Earth and Resources – University of Indonesia • Centre for Excellence on Tuna Resources Conservation - LIPI • Colleagues and Friends at LIPI & KKP • Pole and Line Fishery in Maluku • Fishermen in Ambon Bay