NEWSLETTER OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS MAY/JUNE 2009 WWW.ARCHIVISTS.ORG archivalarchival outlookoutlook

PutPut YourYour BestBest FootFoot ForwardForward ...... •• NationalNational InitiativesInitiatives TargetTarget DisasterDisaster TrainingTraining •• 20092009 ElectionElection ResultsResults •• HowHow toto StayStay CoolCool inin AustinAustin inin AugustAugust table of contents archival outlook features the society of american archivists Rethinking Emergencies: National Initiatives Help serves the education and information needs of its members and provides leadership to Prepare for Area-Wide Disasters Aimée Primeaux...... 6 help ensure the identification, preservation and use of the nation’s historical record. Graduates Need to Be Flexible in Job Hunt Helen Janousek ...... 8 NANCY P. BEAUMONT Executive Director 2009 Election Results [email protected] Helen Tibbo Elected Vice President and President-elect. . . . . 10 Teresa M. Brinati Director of Publishing Aimee Felker Is Next SAA Treasurer...... 11 [email protected] Four to Join Council...... 12 SOLVEIG DE SUTTER Nominating Committee to Look Beyond “Usual Suspects”. . . . 13 Director of Education [email protected]

Sustaining the Spirit of Austin BRIAN P. DOYLE Susan Eason and Brenda Gunn ...... 14 Director of Member and Technical Services [email protected] Mechanics of Governance: Working Groups Get Rodney Franklin It Done René Mueller...... 16 Service Center Representative [email protected] Grassroots Effort Produces Resource Manual for Working with Congressional Collections LEE GONZALEZ Service Center Representative Linda A. Whitaker...... 17 [email protected]

Replumbing SAA’s Website with Drupal HELEN JANOUSEK Brian Doyle...... 23 Editorial and Production Assistant [email protected] columns TOM JURCZAK President’s Message: With Malice Toward None...... 3 Director of Finance and Administration From the Executive Director: She Walked in Beauty ...... 4 [email protected] From the Acting Archivist of the United States: Improving RenÉ Mueller Record Processing at Three Presidential Libraries...... 18. Project Assistant [email protected]

departments Veronica Parrish Washington Beat...... 19 Education Coordinator National News Clips ...... 20 [email protected] World View...... 21 CARLOS R. SALGADO Around SAA ...... 22 SAA Service Center Manager [email protected] Currents ...... 24 Jeanette Spears In Memoriam...... 26 Service Center Representative Bulletin Board ...... 30 [email protected]

NEWSLETTER Archival Outlook (ISSN 1520-3379) is published six times OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS MAY/JUNE 2009 a year and distributed as a membership benefit by the WWW.ARCHIVISTS.ORG archival outlook On the cover Society of American Archivists. Contents of the newsletter Put Your Best Foot Forward . . . Put Your Best Foot Forward . . . Gertrude, Mystic, may be reproduced in whole or in part provided that •• National Initiatives Target Disaster Training •• 20092009 ElectionElection ResultsResults credit is given. Direct all advertising inquiries and general •• How to Stay Cool in Austin in August Beulah, Ethel, Mamie, and Zula splash in Austin’s Bull correspondence to: Helen Janousek, Society of American Creek on a spring day in 1913. Read how you can stay Archivists, 17 North State Street, Suite 1425, Chicago, IL cool at the Joint Annual Meeting in August in “Sustaining 60602; 312-606-0722; toll free 866-SAA-7858; fax 312-606- 0728; [email protected]; www.archivists.org. the Spirit of Austin” on page 14. Photo courtesy of the Austin History Center at the Austin Public Library. ∞ Archival Outlook is printed on paper that meets the re- quirements of the American National Standards Institute— Permanence of Paper, ANSI Z39.48-1992.

2 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org president’s message Frank Boles, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University [email protected]

With Malice Toward None

ith malice toward none, with charity occasionally powerful individuals abuse the trust “Wtoward all . . .” invested in them by seeking retribution; that dark With these words Abraham Lincoln expressed motives can exist; that stupidity is ever with us; and the fundamental generosity of spirit that permeated that there are things in the world worth being out- his second inaugural address. In the final days of the raged about. But it seems to me that none of these Civil War, Lincoln’s generosity was inspired in part points applies with the regularity with which I hear by his personal beliefs, but also by his pragmatic rec- them used. ognition that the nation needed not retribution but More often, I see fundamental flaws in commu- rebuilding, and that rebuilding could be best accom- nications that assert these sorts of claims. Nitpicking plished with magnanimity rather than vengeance. is just that. Outrage is asserted in place of facts. Generosity and advanc- Because outrage is so often a shortcut that avoids ing the cause of archives fact finding, “stupid” becomes an epithet rather than “ . . . we need to has been much on my mind a legitimate conclusion. As for dark agendas, they of late. During the last few more honestly go by the name personal beliefs or work together months I have had the mis- strategic plans and, while sometimes tedious to listen fortune to hear many angry to or read, they are rarely either nefarious or com- to face the words and no small amount pletely indefensible. critical of nitpicking on a variety I have never understood why archivists who of subjects related to both play “gotcha” or express outrage so often believe challenges of archives and the Society of themselves to be acting particularly courageously. our future.” American Archivists. These The penalties for publicly venting one’s spleen at outbursts sometimes have either colleagues or the SAA are minimal. In an era demonstrated a profound of blogs, freedom of expression is all but guaranteed. disillusionment with our colleagues and often a deep There are simply too many journals for any mali- distrust regarding the motives of our peers. They cious individual or group to punish someone by divide archivists at a time when we need to work suppressing publications. And anyone seeking a new together to face the critical challenges of our future. job who can’t find three colleagues to serve as refer- My concern is not about disagreement. ences probably has problems that go well beyond his Disagreement is to be welcomed as part of any pro- or her professional life. fession’s life and growth. Nor am I concerned about These communications are profoundly lacking candor. Candor is to be welcomed, too, particularly in the spirit espoused in Lincoln’s second inaugural, when contrasted to coded language that leaves mean- which calls for healing in part because of its intrinsic ing opaque. The problem I perceive is not that we value and in part in order to build anew. Embracing disagree, but rather the way in which that disagree- Lincoln’s philosophy, I’d like to share a few simple ment takes place and the motives assigned to those suggestions regarding our professional discourse and with whom we disagree. Too often, someone plays assumptions: “gotcha” over minor points. Too often someone is • Before sending me an email message or post- “outraged” regarding the action (or inaction) of a ing a flame to a list expressing outrage at a “powerful” individual or entity. The actions (or inac- fellow professional or at a professional society, tions) are described as “stupid” or are disparaged as seek facts and perspective. Facts have a happy part of an agenda that cannot be justified, but which way of eliminating (or at least mitigating) rage. may reveal some darker shortcoming. And occasion- Perspective often helps one to realize that yester- ally the author alludes to the personal courage neces- day’s disastrous embarrassment was, in the light sary to tell “truth to power.” of a new day, a minor problem. I am willing to concede that small mistakes sometimes make visible larger flaws; that continued on page 25

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 3 from the executive director Nancy P. Beaumont • [email protected]

She Walked in Beauty

his iconic photo from the ‘50s could be of many Museum. Jane and Perk once calculated that they had Ta homemaker and mom. It happens to be from moved 47 times in their married life as he completed my family archives, and it is of my mother. When this flight training and various assignments throughout photo was taken in 1957, she was president of the the U.S., in Panama, and in Europe. (But Jane was Officers’ Wives Club in Bitburg, Germany. She was used to it. As the daughter of a construction engineer, mad that Dad took the photo—undoubtedly because she attended more than a dozen schools growing up, the bed was unmade. The committed volunteer, taking despite skipping grades 4 and 6.) Wherever they went, time out from her busy day to make a few calls, all the my mom applied her extraordinary talents to ensure while in a skirt, apron, and heels. Those legs! that her family had a lovely home—even when, in Mary Jane Fleming Perkin was born in Langdon, 1943, with a baby in diapers, that home was a convert- North Dakota, in 1919, and died peacefully in her sleep ed chicken coop in Pampa, Texas! in Tucson, Arizona, on April 19, 2009. The consum- A lover of dogs, antiques, travel, mystery novels, mate Air Force wife, she was married for 63 years to and Mahjong, we will remember her forever for her I. R. “Perk” Perkin (1915–2005), command pilot, admin- intelligence, her loyalty, and her personal style. She istrator, and co-founder of the Pima Air and Space walked in beauty. v

4 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org SustainABLE Archives Austin ’09 is there any one of us who isn’t trying to do our job better, stretch resources over a wider playing field, or grow a new idea by borrowing from a colleague’s experience? austiN ‘09 is all about sustainability – how to manage change now, how to grow our programs to meet complex information ecologies, how to nourish ourselves professionally to thrive in the unfolding information environment….

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09_Archival_Outlook_Ad.indd 1 12/8/08 11:32:08 AM www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 5 Rethinking Emergencies: National Initiatives Help Archivists Prepare for Area-Wide Disasters Aimée Primeaux, Collections Emergency Response Team, American Institute for Conservation

he 2005 hurricane season was an historic we can’t afford not to. The National Oceanic and Twake-up call for the archives community. Until Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains that moment, the profession focused on institution- A dollar spent now data on billion-dollar disasters that have taken al-level preparedness, filling out disaster plan tem- is potentially three place since 1980. If you live anywhere from Texas plates that would help their institution deal with to Virginia, you are at the greatest risk; these states leaky pipes and minor floods. But catastrophic, dollars saved later. have experienced 21 to 30 disasters that caused at area-wide disasters are altogether different. least $1 billion dollars in damage. California and The profession learned the hard way that a traditional the Midwest are next. There is no area of the country that approach to emergency preparedness (often called “disaster remains untouched. Remember: Every dollar spent on miti- planning”) is not adequate for large-scale disasters. In the case gation saves an average of four dollars on recovery. A dollar of Hurricane Katrina, archives staff was often not available, spent now is potentially three dollars saved later. either because they evacuated or were trying to manage their Of course, not all disasters will affect cultural institutions, own personal losses. Jockeying for assistance from disaster but as reported in the Heritage Health Index, 80 percent of management companies was difficult because everyone needed U.S. collecting institutions do not have a written disaster plan their services, not just cultural organizations. with staff trained to carry it out. This study is now four years These circumstances are not unique to Hurricane Katrina. old, and hopefully that number has changed. Nevertheless, the In fact, similar scenarios took place with Hurricane Ike, and fact remains that important collections have been unprotected, the 2008 flooding in the Midwest. These experiences demon- underfunded, and underappreciated. It is up to us to protect strated that while institutional-level preparedness is essential, our collections, which are often essential for the recovery of it can’t be the only thing done. Archivists must work together a community. We must do this not by working individually in at county, state, and regional levels to establish relationships “silos” and “smokestacks,” but in conjunction with emergency among all kinds of cultural heritage workers and emergency managers. Luckily, there are several national initiatives under managers. Knowledge of emergency management protocol, way that make this an easier task. and a rudimentary understanding of the Incident Command Structure (ICS) and the National Incident Management System COSTEP (Coordinated Statewide Emergency Preparedness) (NIMS), is essential. Managed by the Northeast Document Conservation Center I know what you are thinking: We are all overworked and (NEDCC) and funded by a grant from the Institute of Museum underpaid. In this economy it’s difficult to find money to buy and Library Services (IMLS), COSTEP is a framework designed basic supplies, much less invest valuable time into planning to help cultural institutions within each state work with emer- for region-wide disasters. But, at the risk of sounding cliché, gency managers to prepare for area-wide disasters. Currently in the final stages of development, COSTEP envisions the state library, state archives, and state museum (or equivalent agen- cies) taking the lead, but representatives from all kinds of insti- tutions within the state should be included. It is also essential that emergency managers within the state eventually come onboard. COSTEP is a process that will continue over time, rather than a project that begins and ends. It can be built in stages to accommodate busy schedules, and to make the process more manageable, the framework is organized around four components: Building Relationships, Mitigating Hazards, Preparing for Response, and Sustaining COSTEP. The framework, a “Starter Kit,” and other pertinent resources will be offered online free-of-charge and adapt- able for noncommercial purposes in order to suit each

Photo: American Institute for Conservation state’s unique needs. Currently COSTEP is being tested in A dirty job A team member from the American Institute for Conservation’s Massachusetts and New Mexico. There will be a panel discus- Collections Emergency Response Team cleans an item salvaged from Hurricane Ike in sion at the Joint Annual Meeting in Austin on August 15 called Galveston, Texas, in September 2008. “COSTEP Case Studies” which will explore these pilot sites and

6 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org Photo: Federal Emergency Management Agency before and after The parking lot in front of the Pass Christian Library in Pass Christian, Mississippi, was littered with objects after Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in September 2005 (photo left). The photo at right shows the same area after cleanup.

explain how COSTEP can work with other initiatives—such Bringing together archivists, records managers, emergency as the Intergovernmental Preparedness for Essential Records managers, and chief information officers is a critical part of the project developed by the Council of State Archivists (CoSA). IPER model. In July 2008, these representatives from all fifty A wiki has been set up for the project at http://www.statewide- states and territories came together to form teams that will plan.pbwiki.com, and the final framework will appear at help deliver the training in their state. Still in development, http://www.nedcc.org/disaster/costep.php. IPER has continued to build on CoSA’s Emergency Preparedness Initiative, which began after the hurricanes of 2005. More Heritage Preservation on the IPER project may be found at the CoSA website: Home to the Heritage Emergency National Task Force, http://www.statearchivists.org/iper/index.htm. Heritage Preservation has many free resources for the cultural community. Its Field Guide to Emergency Response won SAA’s The American Institute for Conservation Preservation Publication Award in 2006, and its Emergency In 2007, the American Institute of Conservation (AIC) Response and Salvage Wheel is widely regarded as a “must-have” was awarded an IMLS grant to support an advanced train- for cultural institutions. ing institute for conservators and preservation professionals. Since 2003, Heritage Preservation has sponsored Alliance Three week-long workshops took place across the country for Response forums in 13 cities across the country. The forums and trained sixty “rapid responders” who can be called upon are funded by the Fidelity Foundation, and emphasize the in the event of a disaster. Because many cultural institutions importance of working with local emergency responders. are staffed by part-time workers or volunteers, the AIC’s Many have resulted in regional response networks. Atlanta, for Collections Emergency Response Team (AIC-CERT) responders instance, formed Heritage Emergency Response Alliance. As a work through whatever means possible to provide assistance recent addition to their website, Heritage Preservation is now at little or no cost to the institution. posting information on each city’s accomplishments, as well Although this program is still new, teams have been as a discussion forum for people interested in hosting a forum deployed to Iowa during the flooding in 2008, and Galveston, in their city. Texas, in the aftermath of Hurricane Ike. Other institutions Heritage Preservation’s Guide to Navigating FEMA and SBA have been helped via e-mail or telephone. The AIC-CERT Disaster Aid for Cultural Institutions is an important booklet maintains a 24/7 hotline, which institutions might call in that has helped many cultural institutions navigate the bureau- the event of a disaster: 202-661-8068. More information cracy of these government organizations after disaster strikes. may be found at the AIC website: http://aic.stanford.edu/news/ It’s available online, as a downloadable PDF or in print. All aic%20cert.html. of these resources may be found on the Heritage Preservation website: http://www.heritageemergency.org. * * *

Intergovernmental Preparedness for Essential Records (IPER) These national initiatives are helping to create a strong Sponsored by the Council of State Archivists, IPER is an safety net for the cultural community. Of course, other initiative to develop and deliver CD-ROM and web-based emer- resources exist. Tools like dPlan™ or dPlan™ Lite allow insti- gency training for state and local governments nationwide. tutions to better prepare their own collections for disasters. Funded by a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Online and live workshops on emergency preparedness are Administration (FEMA), and based on existing training by available through the Regional Alliance for Preservation, the the National Archives, IPER aims to educate state and local National Archives and Records Administration, and FEMA. governments about the importance of preparing for disasters Archivists must work beyond the traditional disaster plan before they strike. It maintains a special focus on the records “template” and think more broadly about how to work with that are essential for the resumption of government operations. others to protect collections from future disasters. v

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 7 Graduates Need to be Flexible in Job Hunt Helen Janousek, SAA Editorial and Production Assistant

ollege seniors radiate apprehension and excitement this Ctime of year, pre-occupied with final exams and the crush of last-chance-to-get-together celebrations. This year they may glow with an aura of anxiety too, as many students approach- ing commencement watch the nation’s unemployment rate reach double-digits. This made “Get That Job Day” at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee on April 10, just five weeks out from graduation day, a must-see event. Students crowded into the student union at the School of Information Studies to acquire “You need to have advice and information on obtaining Unemployment Rate The above graph displays fluctuations in the national employment in their field. unemployment rate from January 1999 (4.3 percent) through January 2009 (7.6 realistic expecta- Keynote speaker Rachel Singer percent) for persons age 16 years and over. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor. tions, and realize Gordon said that worry over not being able to find a job has been that the first job building for many students about Twelve years ago, Gordon created www.LISjobs.com, to face the reality of a tight job mar- a website that provides job opportunities for those seeking isn’t forever.” ket. “While the American Library library-related positions. It is updated daily and also includes Association and other associations career development resources. Gordon is a consulting editor in have been reeling in new students to meet a recruitment cri- the books division of Information Today, Inc., and has written sis—that even they don’t anticipate will occur for some years— or edited eight books for librarians and information profession- this has produced a glut of new grads just as the job market als, most recently What‘s the Alternative? Career Options for is contracting.” Librarians and Info Pros (ITI, 2008).

The Real, Real World Many libraries are downsizing and replacing full-time positions with part-time hours or are under hiring freezes, she pointed out. Some have decided to fill jobs that once required a master of library sciences degree (MLS) with non-MLS personnel to cut costs. “Students need to be prepared for this reality and do what they can to stand out,” Gordon said. Do not take a scattershot approach in your job hunt, but instead be selective when pursuing employment opportunities, said Gordon. “Employers can easily tell when people are just applying for anything and everything, and you‘ll stand a much better chance if you take the time to target your applications, cover letters, and resumes,” she said. “Show how you stand out and that you have the leadership abilities to take charge of moving our libraries (and your career) forward.” The job market for librarians is shrinking just like other occupations right now, said Gordon. “I‘m seeing fewer job postings and more resumes on LISjobs.com, and libraries across the country are being forced to cut back.” She sug- gested that new graduates be very flexible in their job search— perhaps consider working for a rural or small library. “The lower salary is often balanced out by a lower cost-of-living. Be willing to move away from areas [near schools with] MLIS pro- grams, as lots of people want to stay there and you’ll be facing fierce competition. Keep an eye on the job ads, and you’ll start to see areas of the country that tend to have more openings, at any given time,” she advised.

8 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org Counter Your Frustration • Build resilience now to last your entire career. Many job seekers—not just students—are feeling high lev- • Realize that tough economic times don’t last forever and els of frustration right now, she told her audience. This makes the importance of taking a long view of the profession. it easy to get stuck in a spiral of negativity, and may have some Starting salaries vary tremendously, Gordon said, so it’s thinking about going into another profession. Gordon provided difficult to give an accurate number on what students can some suggestions on how to counter such thoughts and keep expect. “You need to have realistic expectations, and realize moving forward: that the first job isn’t forever. You can do anything for a couple • You need to know what employers want, so start by exam- of years, take that salary hit, and then parlay your experience ining job ads long before you start to apply. Make note into a better-paying position,” she recommended. v of commonly-listed skills and the common types of jobs. • Get real-world library experience whenever possible. New grads are competing against those with experience, especially for desirable entry-level positions, and need Workplace Update to realize that the MLS or MLIS is the bare-minimum The following notes were recently received from two requirement. members in response to the story “Members Talk About • Continue to build your skills after graduation by taking Economy’s Effect on the Workplace” that appeared in the advantage of free and low-cost professional development March/April issue of Archival Outlook. opportunities. The Oregon Historical Society reports that its library • Be willing to relocate—and if not, be willing to compro- has reopened to the public with limited hours, Thursday mise on salary or work environment. through Saturday, from 1 pm to 5 pm. Two staff members have been retained (with one person’s hours reduced to • Take a thorough look at your resume and cover letter, part-time), and two additional staffers have been hired. customizing them for each employer’s wants and get The original library staff of 10 is now just 3.5 positions. someone to look them over, too. And, Joseph Malatesta of Long Island University says, • Maximize your use of available resources. Set up RSS feeds “I can tell you one thing, it was not hard to find an intern- for job ads, look beyond ads to find out about particular ship this summer. For the students looking for an inter- libraries, and get advice on the process. ship, all is well. Now I only worry about when I graduate • Broaden your view of options available by including in August, into this dismal economy.” v alternative careers and different types of libraries.

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 9 2009 Election Results Helen Tibbo Electeds Vice President and President-elect s Helen Janousek, SAA Editorial and Production Assistant ss elen Tibbo, a professor in the School of HInformation and Library Science at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, has been “Archivists, led by SAA, must embrace elected SAA’s vice president for 2009–2010. Tibbo the amazing communication tools will begin her one-year term as VP this August fol- lowing the Joint Annual Meeting in Austin and then now available for rapid deployment will become SAA’s 66th president in August 2010. Twenty-one percent of eligible voters participat- of a unified message and vision.” ed in the election, voting online for the first time. Of 4,932 eligible voters, 1,062 cast ballots from March 11 to April 11 using VoteNet’s secure online software. Six votes “SAA’s website should become the focal point of an exten- were cast using a paper ballot. sive online archival social network that would facilitate com- Tibbo says the Society’s leadership must “develop, refine, munication in the profession and help users and other stake- and maintain a culture that reaches out to the membership and holders understand the power and importance of the archival beyond for ideas, feedback, and extensive effort if the goals of profession. This will require a radical rethinking of SAA’s role a more technologically adept, diverse, and prominent profes- and its responsibility in representing the profession.” sion are to be achieved.” Tibbo has worked for the University of North Carolina- In her candidate statement, she also addressed the effort Chapel Hill since 1989, as an assistant, associate, and full to raise public awareness about the profession and said SAA professor in the School of Information and Library Science. should use contemporary methods to do it. “Archivists, led by She served as an associate dean from 1996 to 2000 and a SAA, must embrace the amazing communication tools now McColl Term Professor from 2002 to 2004. She earned a PhD available for rapid deployment of a unified message and vision. in Library and Information Science in 1989, and a master’s Rather than posters, flyers and mailings, we need YouTube vid- degree in American Studies in 1984, both from the University eos, an SAA Facebook page, and links on repository websites. of Maryland-College Park. Her involvement with SAA includes: Research Forum co- founder and co-organizer (2005–present); SAA Council member Voter Turnout Twenty-one percent of SAA’s eligible (1997–2000); American Archivist Editorial Board (2001–2008 voters participated in the 2009 election, voting online and 1991–1994); Appointments Committee ( 2005–2006); for the first time. Of 4,932 eligible voters, 1,062 cast Publications Board chair (1994–1997); and member of the ballots from March 11 to April 11 using VoteNet’s Archival Educators Roundtable (1986–present). She won secure online software. Six votes were cast using a the Fellows’ Ernst Posner Award in 1994 and was named an paper ballot. The table below shows the trend in voter SAA Fellow in 2005. Tibbo joined the Mid-Atlantic Regional participation for 2005–2009. Archives Conference in 1985 and has been a member of the Society of North Carolina Archivists since 1990. Eligible Percentage Tibbo said SAA needs “a clearly articulated vision of Year Voters Ballots Cast of Voters required technological skills and knowledge” to ensure it can 2009 4,932 1,062 21% “establish visionary educational guidelines that challenge edu- cators and take a leading advocacy role that will push graduate 2008 4,437 997 22 .5% and continuing education programs forward.” If the Society can bring together various constituencies of the archives pro- 2007 4,088 1,017 24 .9% fession, along with records creators and archive users, it will 2006 3,677 1,077 29 .3% be able to “develop a vision that is inspirational and achievable even in these fiscally challenging times.” v 2005 3,358 928 27 .5%

10 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org 2009 Election Results Aimee Felker Is SAA’ss Next Treasurer s imee Felker of California was appropriate, vote against activities that may compromise SAA’s elected SAA’s next treasurer. future or advocate for less populars ideas that will best serve A Felker will succeed Anne Russell, SAA’s long-term objectives.” whose three-year term expires in Felker serveds as records manager in Sacramento, August. California, from 2007 to 2009. Prior to that, she was a federal In her candidate statement, records manager for the Felker said, “The treasurer must Executive Office of the protect the organization’s assets “I will question spending President in Washington, and work with members, Council D.C (2004–2006), senior and staff to conserve our financial and if appropriate, vote records analyst for the resources and yield the maximum benefit.” She outlined the National Archives and three steps she would take to accomplish this: consolidation against activities that may Records Administration and coordination; advocacy and awareness; and diligence and compromise SAA’s future.” decision-making. (2002–2004), consultant for To achieve these steps, she noted: “As treasurer, I will be the International Monetary well-positioned to find additional ways to improve efficiency Fund (2001–2002), and associate archivist for the CIGNA as I focus on SAA’s income and expenses patterns rather than Corporation (1997–2001). specific program activities. . . . I will work with the SAA Felker currently is co-chair of the 2009 Program Foundation to attract donors and promote cost effective joint Committee. She served on the Council from 2004 to 2007 advocacy initiatives. . . . [and] I will question spending and if and has been a member of SAA since 1989. v

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 11 2009 Election Results Four to Join Council: Cline,s Frusciano, Lawson, and Richardson s

our members will join the SAA Council after the Joint their undertaking, as should the ability ofs a proposal to iden- FAnnual Meeting in August: Scott Cline, Tom Frusciano, tify and recruit members who can assist in putting plans into Brenda Lawson, and Deborra Richardson. More than 1,000 action.” The final factor is money.s “SAA’s finances are limited SAA members cast their votes in the 2009 election. and new projects and initiatives may require financial support. Cline, Frusciano, and Richardson succeed outgoing Funding opportunities should be investigated for projects that members Rebecca Hankins, Leon Miller, and Nancy Lenoil warrant support from SAA leadership.” Frusciano is the uni- and will serve three-year terms. Lawson, who will serve for versity archivist in Special Collections and University Archives two years, replaces Sara “Sue” Hodson, who stepped in last for Rutgers University in New Jersey. He has been at Rutgers year when Robert Spindler resigned. since 1989. He has been a member of SAA since 1976. The candidates for the Council were asked to respond to the following question posed by the Nominating Commit- Brenda Lawson says Council members tee: “What factors should a Council Member consider when must be mindful of the long-term effect evaluating specific proposals that aim to put the Society’s of the strategic initiatives as they weigh strategic priorities into action?” In 2005, SAA identified the value of short-term proposals. They three priorities as critical to the ongoing success of the profes- must also weigh the financial implica- sion: Technology, Diversity, and Public Awareness/Advocacy. tions against other goals and objectives of the Society. “With today’s shrinking “Governance done well is a challeng- budgets, economic considerations are ing endeavor. It must be waged with more important than ever, but SAA must not be shortsighted. seriousness tempered with good humor, The Society must continue to think about the long-term suc- uncompromising integrity, and a strong cess of our profession.” On advocacy: “Leadership in the area faith in the future of our profession. of electronic records not only fulfills our professional mission Any work undertaken by SAA on to keep and maintain records in all formats, it also gains recog- behalf of its members and the profes- nition for the importance of archivists and archival records in sion must be engaged with attention to a wider arena. This is more critical than ever as public funding archival values and the creation of value,” says Scott Cline. for archival grants is endangered and archivists must advocate “Ultimately, Council must continually ask ‘What are SAA’s pri- for their positions even within their own institutions.” Lawson orities?’ and determine whether proposals fall in line with its is director of collections services for the Massachusetts answer. Faith in the future and faith in the value of archives Historical Society in Boston, where she has worked since 1988. drives our work and it should drive our governance.” Cline She has been a member of SAA since 1988. is currently the director and city archivist for the Seattle Municipal Archives, a position he has held since 1985. He has been a member of SAA since 1982. Cline says “In evaluating Deborra Richardson is another specific proposals to implement the Society’s priorities, Council newly elected Council member who members should look at three overlapping considerations— is prepared to examine all aspects of program evaluation, the realities of governance, and SAA’s a proposal. “Whenever I make judg- national leadership role on records and information—and the ments about proposed action plans for series of questions that arise in each.” organizations, I consider a series of questions,” she says. “I pose these ques- Tom Frusciano named the primary fac- tions to myself and I discuss them with tors he thinks the Council should focus my colleagues, depending upon the circumstances. When these on when mulling over a proposal: its questions are answered to my satisfaction, through investiga- impact on the Society and the profes- tion and discussion, I feel equipped to exercise good judg- sion, feedback and contributions from ment in evaluating action plans and trust that I would assist members, and financial implications. my colleagues to select proposals that would serve the best “SAA consists of talented individuals interests of the Society and the profession,” Richardson says. who take the archival mission and their Richardson is the chair and chief archivist for the Archives professional responsibilities seriously. Thus, the feedback of Center of the National Museum of American History at the SAA members regarding proposals should also be a factor in Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. v

12 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org 2009 Election Results Nominating Committees to Look Beyond “Usual Suspects” s s In April members to find people who can elected three individu- scommunicate effectively. als to serve on the 2010 “Fundamentally all elected Nominating Committee: officers, regardless of posi- Terry Baxter, Amy Cooper tion, serve as advocates Cary, who will serve as for the profession and chair of the committee, for SAA’s membership. and Daniel Santamaria. Therefore, officers must Three new members are Terry Baxter Amy Cooper Cary Daniel Santamaria prize communication with elected to the committee members and the public, every year, which selects a slate of candidates to present for openly addressing the challenges and issues facing SAA and membership vote and drafts questions for inclusion in the can- the profession,” she said. didates' statements. Their service begins upon election. Cooper Cary says she will work toward “. . . not only iden- This year’s candidates were asked to present their ideas on tifying individuals with the specific talents necessary for each the following: “What qualities are necessary for service as an position, but also identifying how potential candidates will elected officer in the Society? How would you help develop a promote the larger goals of SAA and its members.” qualified and diverse slate of candidates for the 2010 election?” “In striving for diversity, we must engage in a dynamic process that asks us to challenge our own perceptions. I antici- Terry Baxter is a records analyst and archivist for the pate and trust in my ability to think outside of the confines of Multnomah County Records Program in Portland, Oregon. A my own professional experience, not only to consider the spe- member since 2000, he thinks that an elected officer requires cific needs of each position and the talents of my colleagues, wit and verve, and an ability to provide leadership. but also to uphold SAA’s commitment to representation of “In the modern organization, effective leadership requires diverse voices and communities, and to recognize the impor- officers willing to involve as much of the membership in tance of our varying professional views and institutions.” decision-making as possible. These leaders will be open to is an assistant university archivist for new ideas and ways of doing things. They will be flexible and Daniel Santamaria Technical Services in the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library willing to share both power and expertise, understanding that at Princeton University. He has been a member of SAA since vision is a communal action, not an individual one. They will 2000. He says SAA will have to evolve to meet the challenges be member-centered, remembering that the society exists to the profession currently faces. “SAA needs leaders who possess serve its membership. They will be technology friendly and an openness to new ideas and a willingness to take risks, and literate, especially where technology can increase collaboration who will embrace and foster change.” and communication. And they will be willing to take risks in Upcoming leaders should have an understanding of what advancing both the profession and its individual members.” it’s like to enter the field today to adequately represent the Baxter says developing a slate of candidates that meet these association’s student membership, he says, and look at people criteria could involve “looking beyond the usual suspects to peo- who have the ability to lead, if not the experience. ple who may not have traditional backgrounds or work settings.” “The pool of talent for mid-level and management positions “The growing body of archivists finding new ways to use seems increasingly smaller and I fear many talented people are the Web for social networking can play a key role in helping leaving the profession. To sustain and strengthen the profes- develop this slate, said Baxter. “Nominations are not some trade sion we need to tap into that talent, and facilitate involvement secret. An open discussion of both the Society’s needs and the within SAA, before people get discouraged,” he says. people required to meet those needs will only benefit us all.” “When filling leadership positions in SAA, we need to seek out and provide opportunities to archivists who want them Amy Cooper Cary is the archival studies program director and who can make significant contributions. This may involve and a senior lecturer at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee taking a few risks on people who are clearly capable—but School of Information Studies. She has been a member of SAA unproven in association leadership. The rosters of section and since 1998. roundtable leadership are a good source for identifying new Cooper Cary says that because officers should be advo- candidates, but even those who have not yet served in such cates for the profession and the membership, it’s important positions should be considered.” v

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 13 Sustaining the Spirit of Austin Susan Eason, Catholic Archives of Texas, and Brenda Gunn, University of Texas-Austin

ater. Rocks. Trees. Wildflowers. Mix these together and The People’s Park Wyou have a powerful and persuasive celebration of nature. Indiana native Andrew Jackson Zilker settled in Austin These are the elements that sustain the spirit and soul of a com- in 1876 and within several months had embarked on his ice- munity. We hope you take advantage of your time in Austin dur- making business, the Austin Ice Company. During the first ing the Joint Annual Meeting of SAA and the Council of State two decades of the 20th century, Zilker bought several parcels Archivists on August 11–16 — experience our natural treasures of land just to the southwest of downtown, some of which he and capture the spirit of Austin. used as pasture land for the horses that pulled his ice wagons. Beginning in 1918 and continuing until 1934, Zilker donated 360 acres to the city for a public park and, in recognition of A River Runs Through It Zilker’s philanthropy, the city named the park in his honor. The Colorado River springs from the old rock of the During the Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps built Texas Hill Country and meanders through Central Texas on park trails and picnic areas and laid rockwork for ponds. Park its lazy way to meet the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay. To attractions include: the Austin Science and Nature Center, Austinites, the river doubles as a lake in the city’s center, and located on the far northwestern part of the park; the 80-acre serves as a reservoir formed by Longhorn Dam to the east Zilker Nature Preserve; and the Zilker Botanical Garden, which and Tom Miller Dam to the west. The lake offers a dramatic features rose, herb, and Japanese demonstration gardens and a backdrop and a scenic southern border for downtown Austin, re-creation of a dinosaur habitat. The park also offers a won- as well as providing numerous recreational opportunities— derful playground for kids and the Zilker Zephyr, a miniature kayaking, rowing, and canoeing most notably—for Austinites train that takes youngsters on a ride overlooking Barton Creek, and visitors. Lady Bird Lake, and the Hike-and-Bike Trail. With just a short walk from the conference hotel, visitors can discover the lovely Lady Bird Lake, recently renamed in “The Soul of Our City” honor of Lady Bird Johnson. In the early 1970s, the former The hallowed jewel in Zilker Park’s crown remains Barton First Lady chaired a beautification project charged with remov- Springs Pool. The name for this spring-fed pool originates ing the trash and debris littering the lakeshore, while planting from early settler William “Uncle Willy” Barton, who built his hundreds of new native shrubs and trees along the circumfer- cabin in the area in 1837. Barton named the three springs on ence of the lake. That beautification project also provided the his property after his three daughters: Parthenia, Eliza, and impetus and funds to finish a hike-and-bike trail that today Zenobia. The largest spring eventually became know as Barton completes a ten-mile circuit around the lake. Springs Pool. Long before Uncle Billy, the springs were visited Photos: Lower Colorado River Authority; Austin Convention and Visitors Bureau

(Left) Pedestrians walk across a trail bridge that spans Barton Creek. (Right) A Tyrannosaurus rex stands in a re-creation of a dinosaur habitat in the Zilker Botanical Garden.

14 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org by Native Americans (who are said to have considered them Greenbelts sacred) and Spanish missionaries. Shaded by majestic live oaks The Barton Creek area features a great creek and a deep and pecan trees, Barton Springs is the fourth largest spring in canyon, both of which delight outdoor enthusiasts with oppor- the state, pumping an average of 27 million gallons of water a tunities for hikers, jogger, birders, mountain bikers, and rock day, and remains a constant temperature of 68 degrees. Some climbers, among others. With sheer cliffs and wooded hillsides, modern-day swimmers approach the pool with an almost the Barton Creek greenbelt stretches eight miles over 713 acres religious fervor, and report that a glance at the main spring and is easily accessible from the downtown area. Among the reminds them of a pulsating heart. 400 species of plants found in the greenbelt, seven are listed as James A. Michener, who lived in Austin for a brief period, endangered. Many birds can be spotted and heard, including: succumbed to the spell of Barton Springs. Michener wrote in cardinals, mockingbirds, canyon and Carolina wrens, hum- 1993, “Barton Springs, worthy of both preservation and studi- mingbirds, woodpeckers, blue-winged teals, and several spe- ous protection, is an area of beauty that provides wonderful cies of owls. An abundance of butterflies delight, too. The city natural swimming and recreation facilities that give pleasure extended the greenbelt to the west with the purchase of what to thousands of Austinites of all ages and visitors from all over is now known as the Wild Basin, a 227-acre preserve dedicated the world. Barton Springs heads the list of our natural trea- to preserving the urban wilderness and promoting the impor- sures, and, as such, can indeed be called the soul of our city.” tance of environmental education, research, conservation, and preservation. Keeping Austin Cool Not far from Barton Springs Pool—and definitely worth a Sustaining Natural Landscapes visit—is another popular Austin swimming spot called Deep Joined by actress Helen Hayes, Lady Bird Johnson founded Eddy Pool. It is the oldest man-made swimming pool in Texas the National Wildflower Research Center in 1982, proclaim- and, like Barton Springs Pool, is spring-fed with a temperature ing a mission of protecting and preserving North America’s that varies between 68 and 72 degrees. Originally the site was a swimming hole in the Colorado River where a large boulder native plants and natural landscapes. (In 1997, the center formed an eddy, but in 1915 A.J. Eilers, Sr., bought the land was renamed the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.) The and built a concrete pool. The site became know as Deep Eddy Wildflower Center’s display gardens feature native plants of Bathing Beach and featured cabins, camping, and concessions. the Texas Hill Country, South Texas, and West Texas, while its The City of Austin purchased the land in 1935 for $10,000. Plant Conservation Program seeks to preserve the plant heri- Flooding on the Colorado River destroyed the site two weeks tage of Texas through conservation of the state’s native flora after the purchase. Works Progress Administration workers and fauna. The Wildflower Center works with other national built the Depression-era bathhouse, and the pool and bath- and international conservation programs to conduct and dis- house reopened as a public park in 1936. In 2002, Friends of seminate research on green living, resource stewardship, and Deep Eddy began fundraising to renovate the bathhouse to the sustainability of our environment. In 2006, the Wildflower its historic conditions. Completely renovated, the bathhouse Center became an official research unit of the University of reopened on June 2, 2007. Deep Eddy Pool is a registered land- Texas-Austin. v mark on the National Register of Historic Places. Photos: Brenda Gunn; Austin Convention and Visitors Bureau (Left) Barton Springs Pool in Zilker Park is spring-fed water that keeps Austinites cool in the summer with its constant temperature of 68 degrees. (Right) A windsurfer catches a warm breeze on Lake Travis.

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 15 Mechanics of Governance: Working Groups Get It Done René Mueller, SAA Project Assistant

he “Mechanics of Governance” is a series of brief articles Property Working group also receives tasks through the Tthat looks at various SAA groups, explains their function, Council and tends to work more as a unit that can respond and lets members know how they can participate. Second in to the Council upon task completion. the series, this story looks at a “Working Group.” A working Conversely, the newly established Native American group is an appointed group of experts who advise the Council Protocols Forum Working Group reports to the Diversity and who may serve for an unlimited period. A working group Committee, and the DACS Working Group reports to the falls somewhere in-between a task force and a committee. Standards Committee. To see all of SAA’s working groups (Remember, a task force only takes on one task and disbands and their tasks, visit www.archivists.org and select “Working when that task is complete. A committee has an ongoing Groups” from under the yellow tab labeled “Groups.” responsibility for a key area of the Society’s interest.) So who exactly are the “experts” appointed to these Working groups can accomplish steep tasks quickly with- groups—and why do we need them? To illustrate, let’s focus out (too many) administrative blocks and or indoctrinating new on a working group that has been around for many years. members to the work every couple of years. By allowing an unlimited appointment and giving the group time to focus on Who They Are the projects at hand, working groups add a dimension to the Established in 2001, the main purpose of the Intellectual types of component groups in SAA. Property Working Group (or IPWG) is to “make sure that timely expertise is readily available to the Council.” The charge Define It further states that “Intellectual property issues are complex The definition of a working group is also necessarily and require a special expertise. They often require a very broad to enable different components to develop one if needed. quick response, such as when SAA is asked to join litigation or For instance, tasks for the Website Working Group are fil- respond to draft legislation . . . . The Working Group responds tered through the Council and members often work closely to requests for assistance from the Council, tracks intellectual with SAA staff to manage electronic content. The Intellectual continued on page 29

16 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org Grassroots Effort Produces Resource Manual for Working with Congressional Collections Linda A. Whitaker, CA, Arizona Historical Foundation

ongressional papers are an acquired taste. They are 1984–Present Congressional papers emerge as the poster child Cnot for the weak of heart, nor should they be confused for the ills associated with twentieth-century collections. with other large, complex collections. Repositories and Six articles in the American Archivist cite these papers archivists beware—they come with high profiles, higher as: bulky, redundant, under-utilized; hidden and unpro- donor expectations, significant costs, unique obstacles cessed; and competitively solicited yet poorly managed. to access and generate a political climate all their own. They contain every conceivable format and are often the Invariably, it falls to the least experienced among us to subject of public disputes and tricky donor relations. somehow navigate these troubled waters, with many archi- 1984 The first official meeting of the SAA Congressional vists cutting their teeth on these collections and vowing Papers Roundtable is held in Chicago. never to do it again. For nearly 200 archivists nationwide, however, these 1985 Nineteen historians, archivists, and administrators con- papers draw a passionate following precisely for the chal- vene in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, to examine issues lenges. Congressional collections span gender, race, party affili- relating to congressional papers. Barely discussed, and ation, geographical distribution, and media format. The records certainly not resolved at Harpers Ferry, were the issues are at once local, regional, and national in scope. They are of appraisal, negotiation, acquisition, transfer, process- ubiquitous, yet unique. They can be found in repositories large ing, and servicing these collections. and small in every corner of the country. Many languish due to The first edition of the Records Management Handbook lack of funding, and can be hidden treasures that require a lot for United States Senators and Their Archival Repositories of help. is published. Recommendations within the handbook Congressional collections also epitomize every manage- are voluntary and, as such, subject to uneven adoption. ment problem associated with twentieth- and twenty-first-cen- The handbook becomes the only reference available for tury records. They are huge. (It is estimated that a U.S. Senator repository-based archivists faced with unprecedented will generate 100 boxes of archival material for each year backlogs. Many Congressional collections currently held in office.) They are historically important, yet often remain by repositories bear little resemblance to the recom- under-utilized and poorly understood by their donors, research- mended records management guidelines. ers, and repositories. 1991 Guidelines for the Disposition of Members’ Papers by And now there is an excellent resource available for Cynthia Miller is published by the U.S. House of addressing these challenges head-on: Managing Congressional Representatives Historical Office and has been continu- Collections by Cynthia Pease Miller (SAA, 2008). ously updated. 2002 The Congressional Papers Roundtable (now more than Grassroots Activism 200 members) forms a task force to draft archival guide- Getting this manual written and published is the culmi- lines for repositories. Smaller repositories fear the guide- nation of a 30-year odyssey of grassroots activism by schol- lines will favor larger repositories. The project stalls for ars, archivists, librarians, and administrators seeking to improve lack of funding, consistency, and coordination. the management and use of these significant resources. 2003 The Association of Centers for the Study of Congress is 1978 A conference on the Research Use and Disposition of formed. It currently has 39 institutional members. Its Senators’ Papers is attended by historians, archivists, focus to date has not included basic archival issues of and congressional staff aides who meet to consider preservation and access to congressional collections, “who uses Senators’ papers and why?” American so no study of Congress is possible. Archivist (41:3) includes three articles on congressional papers discussing their unique characteristics and chal- 2005 Mark Greene and Dennis Meissner’s article “More lenges. Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Archival Processing” (American Archivist, 68:2) resonates for 1983 An ad hoc Planning Group on a Manual for Congres- those coping with intractable backlogs of twentieth-cen- sional Papers submits a report to SAA calling for tury materials. There are striking similarities between guidelines designed to help archivists with the decisions this article, previous calls for change, and the 1983 Ad and procedures required to manage congressional collections. continued on page 28

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 17 from the acting archivist of the united states Adrienne C. Thomas

Improving Record Processing at Three Presidential Libraries

n the past few years, the National Archives has been has already posted the majority of these titles on its Iengaged in a major project to eliminate the huge back- website, www.reagan.utexas.edu/. log of unprocessed records in its Washington, D.C., area Second, we will limit the number of textual pages facilities. that we will provide an individual requester at any given The results have been impressive, and 37 percent time to no more than 50,000; after that, the requester of this backlog has been processed and appropriately will have to go to the back of the FOIA queue. As a described in our Archival Research Catalog and made result of limiting the number of pages per requester at available for efficient research at NARA over the past any one time, we will be able to service more custom- two years. ers since requesters won’t get stalled behind very large Now, we’re launching a project to deal with a back- FOIA requests. For the same reasons, we have also lim- log of unprocessed records and unfulfilled Freedom of ited the number of electronic records we will process for Information Act (FOIA) requests at the three presiden- any one requester to 500 hits or 15,000 pages and have tial libraries governed by the placed caps on the number of full-time equivalent staff Presidential Records Act of 1978 that will be dedicated to processing electronic records. This plan for the and whose records are currently Third, each of the libraries has committed staff to subject to FOIA requests—the systematically reviewing records, which is significantly Reagan, Bush, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, faster than processing in response to individual FOIA and Clinton libraries and William J. Clinton libraries. requests. Systematic review of series and sub-series of In the aftermath over the records has the added benefit of getting more records represents a significant dispute of ownership of the into the public domain, decreasing the number of records presidential materials of Richard that need to be processed in response to FOIA requests. staff commitment to M. Nixon, Congress passed Under this plan, we expect to see significant results meeting our goals the Presidential Records Act in 2010. of 1978. It declared all official In 2010, we expect to process 150,000 to 200,000 of getting more presidential records to be gov- more pages than this year, for a total of 1.5 million ernment property, beginning pages to be processed at the Reagan Library. At the information about with the first new presidential Bush Library, we’re expecting a 100 percent increase these administrations administration after the bill in processed pages of records. At the Clinton Library, was enacted. It also stipulated we expect 400 percent increase in processed records. out to the public. that anyone could file a FOIA We believe that these new procedures will, when request for access to these fully implemented, result in a yearly increase of more records five years after the end of an administration. continued on page 29 The president’s budget request for Fiscal Year 2009 and the subsequent Congressional appropriation included funding for fifteen new archivists and six new SAA Submits Comments to National Archives on archives technicians to increase the archival staffs at Alternative Models for Presidential Libraries these libraries to speed up the processing of the records Responding to a Request for Information from the and shorten our response time to FOIA requests. National Archives and Records Administration, SAA Here’s the plan: First, we are compiling and review- provided comments on “cost effective ways of mod- ing folder-level inventories for all presidential records ifying the present system for archiving and provid- to make those inventories publicly available on each of ing public access to Presidential records.” Read the the libraries’ web pages. We believe this will result in letter at: http://www.archivists.org/news/SAA%20 requests for fewer records since researchers will have Comments%20re%20Presidential%20Libraries%20 a better guide as to content and context of our holdings 041709.pdf. SAA President Frank Boles solicited and be able to identify more precisely the records they SAA member comments via a request in the March want us to process—and within those records to priori- 31 issue of In the Loop. tize what they want processed first. The Reagan Library

18 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org washington beat by Leland J. White, Director of the National Coalition for History [email protected]

Congress Finally Enacts Fiscal Year 2009 Budget spending plan for ERA prior to the obligation of funds. The President Obama signed into law in March the omnibus agency also was required to provide quarterly progress reports budget legislation for fiscal year (FY) 2009 (H.R. 1105), which on ERA to Congress and the Government Accountability Office provides funding for federal agencies covered under the nine and to alert them to any potential delays, cost overruns, and appropriations bills left unfinished by the last Congress. The other problems with the development of the ERA. omnibus package finalizes spending levels for the current fiscal Repairs and restoration (increased by $22.1 million to year that began on October 1, 2008. The National Archives and $50.7 million). The bill includes 1) $17.5 million for repair Records Administration (NARA) will receive its highest level and renovation of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential of funding in recent years, with a 12 percent jump from the Library in Hyde Park, New York, which NARA has listed as current $411 million to $459 million. Included in that budget its top capital improvement priority; 2) $22 million to complete are the following: construction of an addition to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Operating expenses (increased by $15.3 million to $330.3 Library in Boston; and 3) $2 million to complete repair and res- million). The FY 2008 Appropriations Act included funding toration of the plaza that surrounds the Lyndon Baines Johnson for an increase in archivist staff, and these additional staff will Presidential Library in Austin. be funded in FY 2009 within this appropriation. The bill also National Historical Publications and Records includes $875,000 to further increase the number of archivist Commission. In a major victory for archivists and historians, staff in order to continue to reverse the staffing reductions that the NHPRC will receive its highest level of funding in five occurred from FY 2002 to FY 2007. NARA is directed to report years under the FY 2009 omnibus spending bill: $9.25 million to the House and Senate Appropriations committees, within for grants (plus $2 million for administrative costs), or $1.75 30 days of enactment of the bill, regarding the specific steps million more than in FY 2008. In his FY 2009 budget submis- it is taking to restore its archivist workforce to pre-2002 levels. sion, President Bush proposed zero funding and elimination Also included is $1,000,000 for NARA’s new Office of of the NHPRC. Government Information Services (OGIS), which will serve as the Freedom of Information Act ombudsman for the federal government. The Administration had proposed to fund OGIS Transparency Initiatives Continue in Obama Administration within the Department of Justice; the bill funds the office at Attorney General Eric Holder issued comprehensive new NARA as authorized by the OPEN Government Act of 2007 Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) guidelines on March 19 (Public Law 110-175). that direct all executive branch departments and agencies The bill includes $650,000 (available until September 30, to apply a presumption of openness when administering the 2010) to complete review of U.S. Government documents per- FOIA. The memo rescinds guidelines issued in October 2001 taining to the activities of the Nazis and the Japanese Imperial by former Attorney General John Ashcroft. Government. Following declassification and review of thou- Announced in a memo to heads of executive departments sands of files containing newly disclosed information about the and agencies, the new guidelines build on the principles Nazis and the Japanese Imperial Government, NARA issued announced by President Obama on his first full day in office, a 2007 report summarizing the new historical insights gained when he issued a presidential memorandum on the FOIA that as a result of the NARA-supervised review of these documents. called on agencies to “usher in a new era of open government.” But a number of additional U.S. Army and CIA/OSS docu- At that time, the President also instructed Holder to issue new ments were discovered too late in the process to be included in FOIA guidelines that reaffirm the government’s commitment the report. NARA has 90 days to report back to Congress with to accountability and transparency. The new guidelines address a proposed schedule for completing the review and histori- both application of the presumption of disclosure and effective cal analysis of these documents and releasing a supplemental administration of the FOIA across the government. Holder’s report, which will serve as a companion to the 2007 report. memo: Congress also provided $6,325,000 to operate the George • Directs agencies not to withhold records simply because W. Bush Presidential Library in Dallas. It is temporarily located they can technically do so. He encourages agencies to in a facility in Lewisville, Texas, until the permanent library is make discretionary disclosures of records and to release built with private funds on the campus of Southern Methodist records in part whenever they cannot be released in full. University. • Establishes a new standard for defense of agency decisions to withhold records in response to a FOIA request. Now, Electronic Records Archives (ERA) project (increased by the Department of Justice will defend a denial only if the $9 million to $67 million). The ERA went online last year agency reasonably foresees that disclosure would harm an and federal agencies are being phased into the system over interest protected by one of the statutory exemptions or if the next year or so. The bill requires NARA to submit, and for the Appropriations committees to approve, a GAO-reviewed continued on page 27

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 19 national news clips

Children’s Book Tells Tale of Two Dogs in the Archive Getty Research Institute Will Improve Access to Hidden Collections Flipper & Dipper and the Treasures of 6 Bird tells the story The Getty Research Institute (GRI) in Los Angeles recently of two dogs who visit Syracuse University’s archives to learn launched “Uncovering Archives and Rare Photographs: Two something about the school’s history. “It’s full of SU traditions Models for Creating Accession-level Finding Aids Using the and we hope will be a fun Archivists’ Toolkit.” This cataloging project will allow scholars way for alumni to share across disciplines to access GRI archives and rare photographs their memories with their previously out of reach. The project should improve access to children and grandchil- seven archives that document the intersection of art and lan- dren,” says Edward Gavin, guage in the twentieth century, and thirty-four collections and director of archives and albums of rare nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century photo- records management. graphs in three subject areas: Asia and Orientalism, Cities and The children’s book was Sites, and Expositions and World Fairs. At the project’s conclu- written and illustrated sion, the Institute will host a workshop to share its findings by Syracuse alum Wendy with Los Angeles-based archivists. The project was made pos- Morton, who lost a friend sible by a grant from the Council on Library and Information (also an SU student) in the Resources (CLIR). 1988 bombing of Pan Am —Getty Research Institute Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Proceeds from the book’s sale support the Pan Am 103 Archives at Syracuse. To learn History of Vancouver Archdiocese Marks 100-Year Anniversary more about the book, go to: http://syracuseuniversitypress.syr. The Archdiocese of Vancouver is marking its history in edu/email/flipper.html. Traditions of Faith and Service—Archdiocese of Vancouver 1908– 2008, published to celebrate the archdiocese’s 100th anniver- Academy of Certified Archivists Celebrate 20th Anniversary sary. More than 500 photographs are included and come from The Academy of Certified Archivists (ACA) celebrates its the archdiocesan photograph collection, the City of Vancouver 20th anniversary in 2009 and is planning several events to Archives, British Columbia Archives, and the OMI Archives in mark the milestone, including a conference on August 13 dur- British Columbia. Order online at www.rcav.org for $39 (CND) ing the Joint Annual Meeting in Austin. It will be held in Salon plus $10 (CND) for shipping. K of the Governor’s Ballroom on the 6th Floor of the Austin —Archdiocese of Vancouver Hilton Hotel. More information about ACA’s anniversary events can be found at www.certifiedarchivists.org. Labor Beat Makes DVD of Studs Terkel Footage Labor Beat, an independent rank-and-file labor forum, has National Archives Is a “Cool Place” compiled selections from its footage of writer and radio person- On April 15 ReadersDigest.com ran a brief story titled ality Studs Terkel appearing at union picket lines and rallies for “Six Cool Places Your Tax Dollars Go.” Among the six is the the past twenty years and placed it on DVD. It is narrated by National Archives. Said the Digest: “Yes, Tax Day is a tough Alan Harris Stein, Labor Beat’s archivist and chair of SAA’s Oral milestone for many Americans this year, what with high unem- History Section. To view the video: http://video.google.com/video ployment, recession, and those hundreds of billions of dollars play?docid=-4300072321039477704. Copies of “The Elder Studs to bail out Wall Street types we’d rather see behind bars. Yet, Terkel” can be ordered for $15 at www.laborbeat.org. v April 15 also heralds the arrival of spring, a time for baseball, flowers, renewal. So here are six reasons to celebrate—and not curse—the money that goes to the Internal Revenue Service.” It goes on to list the National Park Service, the United States Navy, NASA, the Peace Corps, Social Security, and SUDSY At the Biltmore Hotel in Providence, tucked in at number four is the National Archives. The Digest Rhode Island, retired archivist John Fleckner elaborates: “National Archives: Handling everything from the found a bottle of shampoo in the shower original Declaration of Independence to the email traffic of for- meant just for him. “The place is noted for mer White House aides—and making it available to the public its friendly service, but I never expected such custom attention,” he notes. Archive at museums, presidential libraries, and touring exhibits—that’s Aromatherapy Essentials and Archive Just the job of the nation’s under-staffed and under-appreciated Add Water are in the Joy of Sleep Bath and archivists. It’s democracy’s drudgery, but this bureaucracy Spa Collections.

brings history to life.” Photos: John Fleckner

20 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org world view Thomas Connors, George Washington University

Guatemala Scans Police Archives for Civil War Clues as a radio operator on a Portuguese cod-fishing boat that For years the national police in Guatemala City dumped plied the waters of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. De millions of old files in a onetime munitions depot inhabited Freitas Ferraz’s job was to keep watch on weather conditions by bats. In late March, authorities opened the door to the and shipping movements for the Abwehr (German military warehouse, stacked floor to ceiling with musty papers. Now intelligence). In July 1942 British intelligence received com- Guatemalans are using the documents to search for informa- munications indicating that de Freitas Ferraz was a spy and tion about loved ones murdered or disappeared in the long sought his arrest. He escaped arrest in Canada but was caught dirty war against critics of security forces. at sea in late 1942 around the time that the American and The files were hidden by the British Navies were carrying troops for the Allied North Africa national police and their protectors landings of November 1942 (Operation TORCH). De Freitas Guatemalan human until 2005, when civil authorities acci- Ferraz’s arrest prevented him from learning of the troop dentally discovered the warehouse. convoys and alerting the Germans. rights advocates Some of the logs date to the 1880s, The Security Service also kept a file on wartime photojour- nalist Lee Miller. Early in her career Miller had been a sought- but the most significant archives were describe the files as after New York fashion model who studied photography on amassed during Guatemala’s civil war, the side. In Paris in the late 1920s and early ‘30s she became when an estimated 200,000 people the largest such involved with the Surrealist photographer Man Ray. When died and 40,000 disappeared between World War II broke out she became a war correspondent and archive ever released 1960 and 1996. Guatemalan human photographer for Vogue and followed American troops across rights advocates describe the files as in Latin America. Europe. According to her file, an unnamed colleague at Vogue’s the largest such archive ever released London office fingered her as a Communist sympathizer after in Latin America. Archivists believe there are more than 80 which she was kept under surveillance. Despite her friend- million documents. Many pages are in chaotic, unsorted piles, ships with several Communists, MI5 concluded that Miller’s green and yellow with mold. Others are stacked neatly. Communist beliefs were idealistic rather than subversive. About 7.5 million documents have been cataloged and A watch was kept on her, however, until 1958. digitized so far. The files give detailed accounts of the shadowy Ralph Dawson’s file details the movements of a British world of police disappearances of activists, with photographs Union of Fascists (BUF) supporter during and after the war. of students and labor leaders arrested by police and explicit Dawson was a professional actor and Canterbury antiques instructions on how to spy on military critics who were later dealer. He joined the BUF in 1939 and came to the Security clandestinely seized and murdered. Service’s attention in 1940 when he joined the Army and The police archives might have been destroyed before served as an artillery gunner in Kent. Dawson frequently their discovery in July 2005 had it not been for Ana Corado, expressed his support for BUF leader Oswald Mosley and his an unassuming, bespectacled police officer. Corado said she doubts about Britain’s ability to win the war. When he was had been assigned to the archive six months earlier as punish- found to be a member of a particularly extreme faction of ment by a police supervisor she refused to date. She found a Mosleyites (the so-called Hail Mosley Fight ‘Em All Association) filthy, depressingly dark concrete-block building strewn with he was placed in interment but ultimately released due to papers soiled with rat and bird droppings. When a police the ill-health of his mother. MI5 watched Dawson until 1951. munitions depot blew up nearby, worried residents demanded Also released in March (though not Security Service a search of the mysterious facility. One investigator, historian documents) was a set of seven files relating to UFO sightings Heriberto Cifuentes, spotted the papers through a window in Britain from 1987 to 1993. One file tells of an unidentified and asked to take a look. Norfolk woman who reported being approached by a man Guatemalan President Álvaro Colom said his government who claimed to be from another planet, similar to earth, whose is bracing for the declassification of military archives of the people were responsible for creating crop circles in the English scorched-earth campaigns against leftist guerrillas, in which countryside. As she ran home she heard a loud buzzing noise entire villages were destroyed and their inhabitants massacred. behind her and turned to see a large glowing spherical object For those who could be held responsible, Colom said, “these rising and moving steadily out of sight. Another file tells of archives raise a lot of fears.” two air traffic controllers who reported seeing a black inverted —The Washington Post boomerang-shaped UFO from the Heathrow control tower early one morning in December 1992. Other sets of UFO United Kingdom’s National Archives Releases Security Service Files files were released in May and October 2008. The National Archives of the United Kingdom released The United Kingdom’s National Archives regularly reports 60 files in March from the British Security Service (MI5) that on new document releases. Go to the Archives website at deal with German and Russian intelligence agents, right-wing www.nationalarchives.gov.uk and click on the “News” tab to extremists, and suspected Communists. The “Gastao de Freitas read of other releases. Ferraz” file records the arrest of a German agent who served continued on page 25

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 21 Around SAA . . .

Preliminary Program for Annual Meeting is Available Online Deduct Annual Meeting Expenses from Your 2009 Income Taxes Sustainable ARCHIVES—the Joint Annual Meeting of According to the Internal Revenue Service’s website, SAA and the Council of State Archivists—will be held August www.irs.gov, “Travel expenses for conventions are deductible 11–16 in Austin, Texas, and in keeping with the conference if you can show that your attendance benefits your trade or theme of “Sustainability” the preliminary program will not be business.” Tax Topic 511—“Business Travel Expenses”—lists printed and mailed this year. Members can find the electronic deductible travels expenses while away from home that version on SAA’s website at www.archivists.org/conference/aus- include the cost of: Travel by airplane, train, bus, or car tin2009/. Available as a PDF, it includes a helpful “Schedule-at- between your home and your business destination; Using your a-Glance,” as well as instructions on how to register. Because car while at your business destination; Fares for taxis or other some items (such as the plenary sessions) were not finalized types of transportation between the airport or train station at the time the program was completed on April 17, prospec- and your hotel, the hotel and the work location, and from one tive attendees should continue to look for the most up-to-date customer to another, or from one place of business to another; information on SAA’s website. If you have questions or need Meals and lodging; Tips you pay for services related to any of assistance, contact the Service Center at 866.722.7858 or these expenses; Dry cleaning and laundry; Business calls while [email protected]. on your business trip (this includes business communications by fax machine or other communication devices); and Other Guidelines for ePublishing with SAA similar ordinary and necessary expenses related to your SAA’s ePublications program offers members high-quality business travel. professional literature that includes edited monographs, case studies, formal papers, research reports, proceedings SAA Offers Bridge-Rate Memberships for Unemployed Members of symposia and conferences, and digital versions of print SAA offers a $44 “bridge rate” membership fee for renew- materials. ePublications are available online, free-of-charge. ing members who are unemployed. For more information, If you are interesting in ePublishing with SAA, submis- go to http://www.archivists.org/membership/benefits.asp or talk sion guidelines are at: http://www.archivists.org/publications/ to a Service Center member at 866.SAA.7858. Guidelines4ePublishing.pdf.

22 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org Replumbing SAA’s Website with Drupal BRIAN DOYLE, SAA Director of Member & Technical Services

anaging a website for information professionals is installation knows, free does not necessarily mean cheap. Mboth an exciting and humbling experience. SAA boasts Drupal is a sophisticated product akin to a box of Legos. some very tech-savvy members. In fact, in the mid-1990s, Inside the box are many pieces of different shapes and it was member volunteers who developed the Society’s first sizes. With the right skills and knowledge, it’s possible to Web pages. In the past two years, members have also pio- assemble a highly customized site tailored to an organiza- neered the use of “unofficial” wikis, blogs, and social net- tion’s specific needs. In order to accomplish this, SAA has working sites—tools that have become essential as archivists contracted with Boston-based Common Places, LLC, a seek to share and contribute knowledge in an increasingly Web-development firm that specializes in building Drupal wired (and wireless) society. websites for nonprofit associations in accordance with best You might ask, what is SAA doing to officially support practices. Project expenses to launch the site are estimated its members’ Web communication needs? We’re pleased to at $40,000-$50,000. let you know that a major project is now underway to over- haul the SAA website and deploy a new open-source content Where’s the Beef? management system (CMS) that will greatly enhance the col- So, enough theory, right? What’s it gonna do? During laborative editing tools provided to component groups and this project phase, SAA identified a number of important fun- add some social networking capabilities for individual mem- damental needs required for overall site performance. Using bers. The alpha site will be ready for review by the Joint Drupal’s application programmer interface (API), we will Annual Meeting of SAA and CoSA August 11-16, 2009, be integrating with select data in SAA’s member database in with final revisions and launch scheduled for September. order to achieve a single login scheme and provide informa- tion on leadership roles that govern content permissions for The Promise of Drupal group sites. We will be configuring a taxonomic structure In order to assist staff in identifying needs and selecting by which all site content can be categorized upon creation. the right CMS solution, the SAA Council appointed a Website These categories will also be tied to the site navigation in Working Group (WWG), comprised of members with exper- order to deliver “faceted browsing” functionality. In addi- tise and experience in the use of Web 2.0 tools. The group tion, the system will provide a mechanism to attach meta- reviewed and analyzed the capabilities of more than a dozen data to stories and articles in order to assist in search and popular content management systems, including Plone, retrieval, as well as basic records management functions. Joomla, WebGUI, and DotNetNuke. General application Other applications targeted for development include requirements included good documentation, availability secure document workspace and sharing capabilities for of commercial support, comprehensive functionality, and boards, committees, sections, and roundtables, support for a preference for the open-source development model. structured online lexicons like the Thesaurus for Use in College Working group members decided that Drupal (www. and University Archives (2009) and the Glossary of Archival drupal.org) provides the best balance of programming and Records Terminology (2005), redesign of the Directory power, ease-of-use, and longevity in terms of having an of Archival Education, and support for posting of comments established and dynamic development community. A grow- by authenticated users to select stories and articles. ing number of SAA members also have practical experience These developments will help put SAA on a solid foot- using Drupal in their own repositories. ing to continue advancing its electronic publishing initia- In contrast to proprietary systems, key advantages of tives and put the power of the digital pen directly in the open source are the avoidance of the dreaded “vendor lock” hands of its members. Stay tuned for more! v (i.e., being stuck with one contractor) and, conversely, the availability of an ever-growing number of extension appli- Do You Haiku? cations that, commensurate with their own popularity and Can you write verse—on archival topics—in a utility, are refined and supported by the development com- 5-syllable / 7-syllable / 5-syllable format? If so, you could munity itself. The net result is a robust Web development win a fabulous prize and have your verse read aloud at toolkit that puts the organization in a much better position the SAA Annual Meeting in Austin this August during the to be responsive to emerging trends. session “Archives After Hours! The Light, Literary, and Lascivious Side of Archives.” To enter, just send your “Free” vs. “Free” haiku to Kathy Marquis at [email protected]. Open-source systems are widely hailed for being “free” Entry deadline is July 15, 2009. Please include contact solutions—as in, freely licensed. But, as anybody who has information to receive your prize. v worked on configuring and deploying a complex Drupal

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 23 currents

Michael Courtney recently joined the Archdiocese of New Chris Prom has been awarded a Orleans as a processing archivist and records analyst. He previ- Fulbright Distinguished Scholar Award. ously worked as a cataloging assistant for Loyola University’s He will spend the 2009-2010 academic School of Law library in Chicago, and recently earned his year on sabbatical as a research fel- master’s degree in Christian Ethics from Loyola. low at the Center for Archive and Information Studies at the University of Connie Vinita Dowell is the new dean of libraries for Dundee in Scotland. Prom will pursue Vanderbilt University’s Heard Library in Nashville, Tennessee. a project titled “Practical Methods to She earned her master’s degree in library science from Identify, Preserve, and Provide Access to Electronic Records.” Vanderbilt’s Peabody College in 1979 and has three decades of The project aims to gather firsthand information about electron- experience working in academic libraries. Dowell previously ic records standards and software, to evaluate the standards and served as dean of the library and information access at San tools using records from individuals and community groups in Diego State University. Scotland, and to begin assembling an open-source toolset that will facilitate day-to-day archival work with electronic materi- SAA has appointed Timothy Ericson as its new repre- als. He is currently assistant university archivist and instructor sentative to the National Historical Publications and Records at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he co- Commission. He replaces Lee Stout, who has served on the developed Archon software. commission since 2002. Ericson was the former director of the graduate Archival Studies Program at the University of Meghan Petersen, who coordinates Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where he now serves as an adjunct the A&A List for SAA, gave birth to a faculty member. He was president of SAA in 2003/2004. daughter (and potential future archivist!) on March 25. Marguerite Louise Petersen Mahnaz Ghaznavi has been appointed director for tech- weighed 5 lbs., 2 oz. This is the first child nology initiatives for the National Historical Publications for Meghan and her husband. and Records Commission. Her previous position was records manager for the J. Paul Getty Trust in Los Angeles. Ghaznavi has served on the adjunct faculty in the Information Studies Jonathan Andrew Uhrich of Department at the University of California-Los Angeles, and New York University is the 2009 recipi- as an archivist for the California State University system. ent of the F. Gerald Ham Scholarship. The award gives Uhrich $7,500 to Amanda Klaus is the second recipi- put toward his archives studies in ent of the Colonial Dames Scholarship NYU’s Moving Image Archiving and awarded by SAA in 2009. Klaus works Preservation graduate program. “Allow as a graduate assistant archivist for me to express my gratitude on receiv- the Western Historical Manuscripts ing this scholarship. It makes going to school in New York pos- Collection at the University of sible,” he said upon learning of his selection. Uhrich earned a Missouri-St. Louis. She is pursuing bachelor’s degree in anthropology from the University of South a master’s degree in museum stud- Carolina-Columbia in 1994, and has worked for the Gene ies and earned a bachelor’s degree in history from Truman Siskel Film Center, the University of Chicago’s Film Studies State University in Kirksville, Missouri. Klaus will attend the Center, and the Chicago Film Archives. He is currently on Modern Archives Institute in June at the National Archives an internship at the Anthology Film Archives in New York. and Records Administration. She will be recognized during an awards ceremony in August at the joint SAA/CoSA Annual Ian E. Wilson retired as Librarian Meeting in Austin, Texas. and Archivist of Canada, effective April 24. He will continue to serve as the president of the International Council of Archives, a two-year term he began at the end of July 2008. Wilson will Do you have an item for continue working on projects of inter- Currents or Around SAA? est to libraries and archives—he has been involved with the Canadian archives community for more eSend to: Editorial/Production Assistant than 31 years. Wilson became National Archivist of Canada in Helen Janousek at hjanousek@archivists .org . 1999 and in 2004 was appointed the country’s first Librarian and Archivist of Canada.

24 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org President’s Message Organizing data for eloquent presentation! continued from page 3

• In place of epithets such as “stupid,” other forms of disparagement, assertions of dark motives, and the occa- Get finding aids and more with sional full-blown archival conspiracy theory, listen care- ™ fully to what others say and read carefully what they Eloquent Archives write. I believe that virtually all archivists truly wish

to advance the profession and SAA, but they sometimes have differing, and occasionally contradictory, visions of how best to do it. They are good people who simply view the world through an alternate lens. If criticism is called for, criticize the lens, not the individual. • Most importantly, embrace the notion that the most cou- rageous professional act is not to criticize or exaggerate minor flaws, but rather to propose an idea knowing that others may criticize you or your ideas. These are difficult times for archives and archivists. ONE SYTEM FOR ALL RESOURCES Researchers have only one place to look for They are times that call for us to work together. Times that digital content or hard copy. call for us to seek to understand and learn from each other. You have no redundant tasks and manage And they most assuredly are times when it would benefit no redundant data. all archivists to eschew malice and embrace charity in our professional lives. v ACCESSIONS & REFERENCE STORAGE SERVICE

RESEARCH World View Track movement Finding aids with continued from page 21 and control storage intuitive keyword or space, gathering precision logic, statistics on usage shopping cart and World Digital Library Covers the Globe and volume. TRACK automatic email

The world’s priceless historic treasures can now be requests. accessed through your fingertips. The United Nations CONTENT & CLICK Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Library PUBLISH METADATA PUBLISHING of Congress (LOC), and thirty-two other groups launched the World Digital Library (WDL) project on April 21. The website Describe with DACS, DESCRIBE Export EAD & MARC (www.wdl.org) offers information about “every country in the ISAD(G) or RAD and with return links for world, no matter how small that country is,” WDL Director control authorized imports into other manes with ISAAR. systems. Publish EAD, John Van Oudenaren said. Aimed at expanding non-English Attach rich digital HTML, PDF, and RTF. and non-Western content online, the WDL is available in six content. other languages—Chinese, French, Arabic, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese. Searching the WDL is like using Google. Users can browse and search the topic, time, place and type of item, which may include prints, photographs, musical scores and architectural drawings, among others. The website also ™ features videos from curators explaining the importance of Archives each collection and how it reveals the country’s culture. The W E B B A S E D K N O W L E D G E M A N A G E M E N T WDL concentrated on presenting collections that are physi- cally stored in geographically dispersed locations. To accom- Start your 60-day free trial plish this, the LOC (the world’s largest library) partnered with today! national libraries from Brazil, Egypt, Israel, Russia, Saudi (no obligations)

Arabia and Uganda to provide additional content to the web- [email protected] site. Other examples of treasures that came from national libraries overseas are the Arabic scientific manuscripts from 1-800-663-8172/101 Eloquent Systems Inc. Egypt; the Hyakumanto Darani, a woodblock print dated 764 from Japan; and the famous 13th-century “Devil’s Bible” (with a striking portrait of the devil) that originated in Bohemia. To see these and other items, go to: www.wdl.org —The Library of Congress

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 25 in memoriam

JOHN EDWARD DALY died March 7, Initiative on Race.” The seven-member panel was charged 2009, at his home in Rochester, Illinois. with directing a national conversation on race relations. He was 74. Daly earned a doctorate But his reputation as a scholar was made in 1947 with in history from the University of the publication of his book, From Slavery to Freedom: A History Pennsylvania. He joined the staff of of African-Americans, which is still considered the definitive the Philadelphia City Archives in 1963, account of the black experience in America. At the time From where he was assistant city archivist Slavery to Freedom was published, there were few scholars for several years. In 1974 he was working in African-American history and the books that appointed director of the Illinois State Archives, where had been published were not highly regarded by academics. he worked for 30 years until retiring in 2004. The archives To write it, he first had to give himself a course in African- conference room was named in his honor in 2008. American history, then spend months struggling to complete Daly was on the Board of Directors of the Abraham the research in segregated libraries and archives—including Lincoln Association, an SAA Fellow, and a member of the Duke’s, where he could not use the bathroom. He spent Illinois State Genealogical Society and the Sangamon County thirteen months writing it. Historical Society. Daly was also on the adjunct faculty at the Franklin accumulated many honors during his long career, University of Illinois, Springfield. including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s high- —The State Journal Register est civilian honor. He shared the John W. Kluge Award for life- time achievement in the humanities and a similar honor from One of the pillars of American folklore has died. ARCHIE the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American GREEN was an author, teacher, folklorist and shipwright. He Philosophical Society. He received more than 130 honorary was also one of the driving forces behind the creation of the degrees, and served as president of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. Green the American Studies Association, the Southern Historical died March 22 at his home in San Francisco. He was 91. Association, the Organization of American Historians and Green moved comfortably through the halls of Congress the American Historical Association. and the halls of ivy, but he preferred life on scaffolding or in —Duke University a welder’s shed or machine shop. Work was where his heart was—doing it and convincing others to document what they JOHN FREDRICK ZWICKY died March 10, 2009, at his home did. He coined the term “laborlore” and actively encouraged in Lombard, Illinois. He was 62. Zwicky was the archivist filmmakers, steel workers and pile drivers, among many for the American Academy of Pediatrics in Elk Grove Village, others, to keep the stories of working people alive. Illinois. Green’s infectious enthusiasm and firm belief that labor He earned his bachelor’s degree in history from Loras culture had a place in what he called “a marble mansion” College in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1968, and a master’s in history was largely credited with convincing Congress to pass the from DePaul University in 1976. He worked for the Social American Folklife Preservation Act of 1976. It established Security Administration in Chicago during the 1970s, and for the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. the Museum of Science and Industry while studying for his —National Public Radio PhD in history at Loyola University in Chicago. He received his doctorate in 1989. JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN, the scholar who helped create the Zwicky became an archivist for the American Medical field of African-American history and dominated it for nearly Association in the early ‘90s. He also worked for the six decades, died March 22 in Durham, North Carolina of Barrington Historical Society and the American Society congestive heart failure. He was 94. of Clinical Pathologists, and was the founding archivist Franklin, James B. Duke Professor Emeritus of History, of the American Academy of Pediatrics History Center. was a scholar who brought intellectual rigor as well an Zwicky was a member of the Science, Technology and engaged passion to his work. He wrote about history and he Health Care Roundtable and served on its steering commit- lived it. Franklin worked on the Brown v. Board of Education tee. He organized and chaired the roundtable’s program for (1954) case, joined protestors in a 1965 march led by Martin the 2007 Annual Meeting and was a regular contributor to its Luther King, Jr. in Montgomery, Alabama, and headed newsletter. “John and his contributions will be missed,” said President Bill Clinton’s national advisory board on race. the committee’s co-chairs, Tim Pennycuff and Stephen Novak. He is perhaps best known to the public as chairman —The Fond du Lac Reporter of Clinton’s 1997 task force, “One America: The President’s

26 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org Washington Beat Archives by President Clinton’s former National Security continued from page 19 Advisor, Samuel R. (Sandy) Berger. In April 2005, Berger plead- ed guilty to one misdemeanor count of unauthorized removal disclosure is prohibited by law. Under the previous defen- and retention of classified documents. sibility standard of the rescinded rules, the Department More than 245,700 pages of Ronald Reagan and George had said it would defend a denial if the agency had H.W. Bush Presidential records were opened for research a “sound legal basis“ for its decision to withhold. at their respective libraries on April 13. These records were • Emphasizes that agencies must be sure to have in place still pending at the end of the George W. Bush administration effective systems for responding to requests. The Attorney on January 20. They were released in accordance with the General calls on each agency to be fully accountable for Presidential Records Act and the new Executive Order 13489, its administration of the FOIA. signed by President Obama on January 21. • Emphasizes that FOIA is the responsibility of everyone In making the announcement, Acting Archivist of the in each agency, and that in order to improve FOIA per- United States Adrienne Thomas said, “I am delighted that formance, agencies must address the key roles played by the Obama administration has cleared the way to open these a broad range of personnel who work with each agency’s Presidential records. This action allows the American people FOIA professionals. The memo highlights the key role to view historical records relating to the Presidency and judge played by agency Chief FOIA Officers who will now be for themselves the actions of federal officials.” reporting each year to the Department of Justice on their The Ronald Reagan library opened 244,966 pages of progress in improving FOIA administration. records processed in response to hundreds of FOIA requests. • Directs FOIA professionals to work cooperatively with These records include the Presidential Briefing Papers collec- FOIA requestors, to anticipate interest in records before tion, Office of Speechwriting research material, and approxi- requests are made, and to make requested records avail- mately 13,000 pages of declassified records on numerous able promptly. foreign policy topics. To date, more than 10 million pages of Presidential records have been processed at the Reagan The Office of Information Policy will conduct training library. See http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/research.html and provide guidance on the new FOIA guidelines to execu- The George H. W. Bush library opened 797 pages of tive branch departments and agencies, as well as to interested records that deal with Saudi Arabia. To date, more than groups, in order to maintain a comprehensive approach to 6 million pages of Presidential records have been processed greater government transparency. at the Bush library. See http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research v

Presidential Records Update On April 1, with no debate, the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee by voice vote cleared an amendment in the nature of a substitute for the “Presidential Records Reform Act of 2009” (H.R. 35). The bill is now ready to go to the Senate floor for consideration. The original H.R. 35 was approved by an overwhelmingly bi-partisan vote of 359-58 in January 2009. Although the two versions of the bill are very similar, some changes will have to be worked out between the House and Senate—either in conference or infor- mally—before the legislation can be enacted. Major differences between the two bills are the length of time that an incumbent and former president have to review any records upon notice of intended release by the Archivist of the United States. The House bill had a 20-day review period with the possibility of an extension for an additional 20 days. The Senate bill changes those time frames to 60 days for the initial review with a 30-day extension. Thus the total review period goes from 40 days in the House version to 90 days in the Senate version. The Senate substitute also includes language from the House-passed bill requiring the Archivist to deny access to original presidential records by any designated representative of a former president if the designee had been convicted of a crime relating to the review, retention, removal, or destruc- tion of records of the archives. The bill language was inspired by the well-publicized theft of documents from the National

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 27 Managing Congressional Collections continued from page 17

Hoc Committee recommendations. Congressional paper in light of Congress’s resolution urging members to save their collections are prime subjects for this type of review. papers for public use. (Note that this move by Congress was 2006 The Congressional Papers Roundtable Steering also the product of years of grassroots advocacy.) Committee agrees to apply for a grant to the National From the NHPRC application to final publication (one Historical Publications and Records Commission year, eleven months), seven roundtable members serving on (NHPRC) to support the writing, publication and dis- the Editorial Advisory Board worked with the author, Cynthia tribution of a repository-based Guidelines for Managing Pease Miller. To avoid the previous pitfalls of “writing by Congressional Papers. committee,” it was important that the manual have one voice with timely input from those working in the trenches. Each 2008 H. Con. Res. 307 is passed by the U.S. Senate, stat- individual weighed in at crucial points along the way. Miller ing that: members’ Congressional papers (including rewrote the product at least six times. We responded. When papers of delegates and resident commissioners to the one faltered, another took over—often without being asked. Congress) should be properly maintained; that each Needs were anticipated, turnarounds were short (typically 72 member of Congress should take all necessary measures hours), and editing skills were at a premium. But it was Miller to manage and preserve their papers; and that members who had the fortitude and wisdom to knit the whole thing of Congress should be encouraged to arrange for the together. Bottom line: this was work bound by a passion for deposit or donation of their papers with a research insti- the subject and a commitment to fulfill a promise made thirty tution that is properly equipped to care for them and years earlier. to make these papers available for educational purposes at a time the member considers appropriate. How YOU Can Do It, Too For those who may now Getting It Done be persuaded that managing First, the Congressional Papers Roundtable had to not Congressional collections is only sell, but fast-track, the idea of a manual to the SAA not routine, add the man- Publications Board. The biggest obstacle was overcoming the ual Managing Congressional widely held notion that Congressional collections are no differ- Collections to your resources. ent than other big collections. This begs the question: How was For those who know their this manual going to differ from the previous processing manuals? Congressional delegation and Let me list the ways: consider them donors, friends, • Incorporate best practices as they relate to these collec- and supporters of archival tions; work, send them a copy of the manual. For all those working • Outline standards for acquisition (includes calculating with administrators, develop- costs, space, personnel, and budget); ment officers, and department heads, urge them to check out • Offer ideas for sustainability and outside funding sources; Managing Congressional Collections in the SAA online catalog (https://www.archivists.org/catalog/). There is something here • Propose cost-saving strategies; for everyone. Don’t acquire or process a Congressional collec- • Discuss access issues of classified, declassified, and reclas- tion without this manual! v sified documents; include FAQs with responses taken from the field; and * * *

• Use clean, no-nonsense prose in an easy-to-read format. Linda Whitaker is currently chair of the Congressional Papers Long-distance grant writing under the gun is no small feat. Roundtable Steering Committee and is in the last phase of The submission deadlines were short (six weeks). Miss them processing the Personal and Political Papers of Senator Barry and the manual would be delayed for another year. Dan Stokes Goldwater at the Arizona Historical Foundation. at the NHRPC understood this and was instrumental in pav- ing the way. It pays to call ahead and discuss the project with NHPRC before it’s submitted. Want to Write a Book? Information does not marinate well with time. Thirty If you are thinking about submitting a book proposal to years into the making and previous drafts had to be scrapped the Society of American Archivists, check out the guide- in favor of new concepts, new formats, new technology, and lines “Publishing with SAA” at: http://www.archivists.org/ emerging best practices. It was important that the manual publications/Guidelines4PublishingWithSAA.pdf. would make its debut in an election year (2008), especially

28 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org Mechanics of Governance continued from page 16 property issues of concern to archivists, and drafts for Council and updated chart of copyright terms and public domain in the approval responses or position papers as needed” (view the full U.S.; various materials on Section 108 (copyright and libraries); charge on the Web under the aforementioned Working Groups and frequent updates on pending issues that involve SAA. link). The IPWG’s members currently include Heather Briston And Why (chair, University of Oregon), Jean Dryden (University of IPWG members encompass various levels of experience in Maryland), Mark Greene (University of Wyoming), Peter Hirtle the archives profession, in the Society, and with copyright law. (Cornell University), Bill Maher (University of Illinois, Urbana- Each is quite passionate about intellectual property— which, Champaign), Aprille McKay (University of Michigan), and apparently, is “not everyone’s cup of tea.” Thus, as a group, Richard Pearce-Moses (Arizona State Library, Archives, and they keep each other abreast of current issues and have a kalei- Public Records). doscope of ‘takes’ on each issue. Because the group is small and agile enough to respond quickly to an issue but large enough to What They Do share the work associated with a good response (all members So what specifically does the IPWG do? (Well, you can are volunteers with jobs and families), having IPWG on-call for go to their website and read about their various projects at SAA enables archivists to develop well-researched and articu- http://www.archivists.org/saagroups/ipwg/.) In general, they late responses to emerging copyright, patent, and other intellec- offer annotated copyright resources including recommended tual property issues in a very timely manner. v introductory reading; direct links to copyright law; a concise

From the Acting Archivist continued from page 18 Or a l Hi s t o r y Tr a n s c r i p t i o n than 1.3 million pages processed, a 100 percent increase over Accurate! Dependable! Experienced! FY 2008. We are also studying other methods of improving records processing to open even more records to the public. At the same time, the additional staff will help us deal Oral history interviews transcribed by a former archi- with the larger and larger quantities of electronic records vist. Confidentiality and quality are assured. We pay that we must process, especially with the Clinton administra- careful attention to the details. Audiotape cassettes and tion, and even more with the records of the George W. Bush CD-ROM can be accommodated. administration. George W. Bush’s library is being built on the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, and is Complete transcripts can be shipped via Federal now located in a temporary site in Lewisville, Texas. Under the Express for extra-fast return service. 1978 legislation, the Bush records will be available to FOIA requests on January 20, 2014. NARA’s other presidential libraries, from Hoover to Carter, Co n t a c t : are not subject to the 1978 legislation. All of their papers were Liz Hauser, President/Owner deeded to the government by the former presidents, except in the case of Nixon. In the aftermath of the Watergate contro- versy, which led to Nixon’s resignation, Congress seized those Al l -Qu a l i t y Se c r e t a r i a l Se r v i c e materials in 1974 and held them in the Washington, D.C., 66 Glenbrook Road area. With the transfer of the private Nixon library to NARA Morris Plains, NJ 07950 in 2007, those records are being moved to the NARA-operated Telephone 973/829.0090 Nixon facility in Yorba Linda, California. [email protected] This plan for the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton libraries rep- resents a significant staff commitment to meeting our goals of Brochures available upon request. getting more information about these administrations out to the public to and provide a framework for efficient operation of the George W. Bush Library when it opens. We will continue to work on improving our plans as we learn from our efforts what works and what doesn’t. Our goal is to open as many presidential records as possible—in the shortest time possible—to the American public. v

www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 29 bulletin board

CALENDAR SAA Education Calendar MayJune 20–23 3–5 Sustainable Archives— Style Sheets for EAD—Delivering The SocietyNew York of SouthwestArchives Conference Archivists will holdhost its Joint Annual Meeting Your Finding Aids on the Web annualtheir 2009 meeting Annual in ConferenceShreveport, atLouisiana. LeMoyne The themeCollege is in “Into Syracuse, the Future New FullYork. Steam Program Ahead.” includes For May 14–15 • Ithaca, NY Pre-Conference Workshops moreworkshops, information, a plenary go to:speaker, http://southwestarchivists. conference ses- sions,org/HTML/Meeting.htm Thursday evening. reception, Friday lun- @ Hilton Austin Association Archives: cheon, and tours. On-campus housing available andMay scholarships29 for attending the conference The Society of Rocky Mountain Archivists will Managing Your Institutional Memory will be offered. More information is available August 9 and August 10 hold its Spring Meeting in Castle Rock, Colorado. May 15 • Minneapolis, MN at http://www.nyarchivists.org/. • Understanding Archives: An For more information, go to: http://www.srmarchi- vists.org/. Introduction to Principles and June 4–5 Describing Archives: The Conservation Center for Art and Historic Practices ArtifactsJune 3–5 will present a two-day program in A Content Standard (DACS) The New York Archives Conference will host Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on Managing and • Records Management for their 2009 Annual Conference at LeMoyne May 15 • San Antonio, TX Preserving Archival Collections. The program Archivists College in Syracuse, New York. Program includes June 17 • Philadelphia, PA is an overview of archival best practices and is workshops, a plenary speaker, conference ses- intended for anyone who works with archival sions, Thursday evening reception, Friday lun- August 10 collections. For more information and to register cheon, and tours. On-campus housing available • Meeting Patron Needs: User Encoded Archival Description online, go to www.ccaha.org, or call 215-545-0613. and scholarships for attending the conference June 11–12 • Denver, CO Centered Design & Usability Julywill be15–18 offered. More information is available at Studies Thehttp://www.nyarchivists.org/. National Association of Government • Research Skills Tutorial Implement DACS in Integrated Archives and Records Administrators (NAGARA) willJune hold 4–5 its Annual Meeting in Seattle, The Conservation Center for Art and Historic • Understanding Digital Content Management Systems: Washington. Conference theme is “Meeting the Artifacts will present a two-day program in Using the Archivists Toolkit Information Challenge.” For more information, Scanner and Camera Imaging Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on Managing and go to: http://www.nagara.org/. Performance June 18–19 • Philadelphia, PA Preserving Archival Collections. The program Julyis an 29–30 overview of archival best practices and is August 11 Theintended Conservation for anyone Center who forworks Art withand Historicarchival Using Oral Histories: • Achieving Email Account Artifactscollections. will For present more information“A Race Against and Time:to register Publications, Exhibits, Internet Preservingonline, go to our www.ccaha.org Audiovisual ,Media” or call in215-545-0613. Denver, Preservation with XML June 19 • University Park, PA Colorado. The program is for curators, collec- Session One: 8:30 am–12:00 pm tionJuly managers,15–18 librarians, archivists, and others The National Association of Government Session Two: 1:30 pm–5:00 pm involved in managing machine-based media col- Archives and Records Administrators (NAGARA) The Essentials of Digital Repositories lections in cultural institutions. Fee for the two- • Raising Private Monies to will hold its Annual Meeting in Seattle, day program is $200; a second seminar will be June 19 • East Lansing, MI Washington. Conference theme is “Meeting the Support Archival Programs held in Atlanta in October. To register online or Information Challenge.” For more information, for more information, go to www.ccaha.org, call • Visual Literacy for Photograph go to: http://www.nagara.org/. Collections An Introduction to Archival Exhibitions 215-545-0613. June 22 • University Park, PA SeptemberJuly 15–18 8–11 The Conservation Center for Art and Historic The International Council on Archives’ “Section @ University of Texas Artifacts will present “A Race Against Time: on University and Research Institution Archives” Preserving our Audiovisual Media” in Denver, Implementing “More Product, will hold its conference and fourth meeting on August 10 and August 11 Colorado. The program is for curators, collec- scientific archives in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Theme Less Process” tion managers, librarians, archivists, and others • Implement DACS in Integrated is “Nature of University and Research Institution June 26 • Austin, TX involved in managing machine-based media col- CMS: Using Archon Archives: An International Perspective.” For more lections in cultural institutions. Fee for the two- information, see http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/ day program is $200; a second seminar will be • Style Sheets for EAD: Delivering SUV2009/welcome-eng.htm. Your Finding Aids on the Webs Managing the Digital held in Atlanta in October. To register online or University Desktop Septemberfor more information, 20–25 go to www.ccaha.org, call • Rare Books for Archivists July 17 • East Lansing, MI 215-545-0613.The International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives will hold its 40th Annual August 11 ConferenceSeptember 8–11in Athens, Greece. The theme of The International Council on Archives’ “Section the 2009 conference is “Towards a new kind of • Big E-Reference on a Little Electronic Records “Summer Camp” on University and Research Institution Archives” Archive? The Digital Philosophy in Audiovisual July 27-31 • Chapel Hill, NC will hold its conference and fourth meeting on Budget Archives.” It will be hosted by the Hellenic scientific archives in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Theme National Audiovisual Archive. For more is “Nature of University and Research Institution information, go to: http://www.iasa2009.com/. For more information, visit www.archivists.org and click on Education & Events. Archives: An International Perspective.” For more Find information on IASA travel grants at: Questions? Contact us at [email protected] or 312-606-0722. information, see http://www.dundee.ac.uk/archives/ http://www.iasa-web.org/travel_grant.asp. SUV2009/welcome-eng.htm.

30 | archival outlook • may/june 2009 www.archivists.org bulletin board

October 19–22 collections. The grants are intended to make historical societies. The deadline for applica- The Tribal Archives, Libraries and Museums accessible records, papers, and other primary tion is May 14, 2009, for projects beginning in 2009 National Conference will be held in sources that document the history of modern January 2010. Note that no cost share or match- Portland, Oregon. Theme is “Streams of physics and allied fields (such as astronomy, ing funds are required and that applicants to this Language, Memory and Lifeways.” For more geophysics, and optics). Grants may be up to program generally have a high success rate. NEH information, visit www.tribalconference.org. $10,000 each and can be used to cover direct guidelines are available at: http://www.neh.gov/ expenses connected with preserving, inventory- grants/guidelines/pag.html. ing, arranging, describing, or cataloging appro- Funding priate collections. Expenses can include staff salaries and benefits and archival storage materi- Save America’s Treasures als but not overhead or equipment. Application call for papers The Institute of Museum and Library Services deadline is August 14, 2009. The center’s mis- Dorothy Day Letters Project is seeking applicants for the Save America’s sion is to help preserve and make known the For a forthcoming edition of Dorothy Day’s Treasures 2009 grant program. These grants sup- history of modern physics, astronomy, and allied selected letters, to be published by Marquette port the preservation and conservation of nation- sciences, and the grant program is intended to University Press, seeking copies of letters in ally significant intellectual and cultural artifacts help support significant work to make original other repositories or still in private hands. Please such as collections, documents, sculpture, art, sources in these fields accessible to researchers. contact Phil Runkel at (414) 288-5903 or email and historic structures and sites. In 2009, grant Preference will be given to medium-size or larger [email protected]. amounts range from $25,000 to $700,000 for projects for which the grant will be matched by collections. All awards must be matched 1:1. the parent organization or other funding sources. 8th European Conference on Digital Archiving For more details and instructions, go to: For grant guidelines see http://www.aip.org/history/ The International Council on Archives’ (ICA) http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/treasures/. grntgde.htm or call (301) 209-3165. Inquiries are European Regional Branch and the Section on welcome, and sample proposals are available. Professional Associations, together with the Swiss American Institute of Physics Federal Archives, invite proposals for presenta- The Center for the History of Physics and National Endowment for the Humanities tions at the 8th European Conference on Digital the Niels Bohr Library and Archives at the National Endowment for the Humanities Archiving. The conference will be held April American Institute of Physics announces the Preservation Assistance Grants of up to $6,000 28-30, 2010 in Geneva, Switzerland. Find infor- 2009 “Grants to Archives.” The grants are avail- are available to support the preservation of mate- mation on topics, procedures, and deadlines at: able for physics, astronomy, and geophysics rials in smaller libraries, archives, museums, and www.bar.admin.ch/eca2010.

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www.archivists.org archival outlook • may/june 2009 | 31 17 North State Street, Suite 1425 Chicago, IL 60602-3315 USA

4q Spring into fashion—3p $pick up the latest American Archivist.s bditor Mary Jo Pugh has put together an ensemble of Earticles in the Spring/Summer 2009 issue thate will u put you on trend in the preservation of mixed-format ncollections, embracing Web 2.0, cell-phone-generated records, archivists’ values and4 value in the postmodern$u age, evidenceq and inference in archival arrangement and description,u and a review essay on secrecy in the archives. Find it online at http://archivists.metapress.com/home/k umain.mpx and in your mailbox soon. q ,4 u4s $q3