AN UZBEK GLOSSARY
Compiled by Hervé Guérin
1
To all those who helped me with that glossary
© 2002-2005 Hervé Guérin
Last updated: 1 November 2005
2 Contents Arrangement and Usage ...... i The object of this glossary ...... i What this glossary does not deal with ...... i General arrangement...... i First column...... ii Second column...... iii Third column...... vi Fourth column...... vi Materials used for this glossary...... vii Basic Concepts...... 1 Entities and Existence...... 1 Relations ...... 5 Category and Order ...... 9 Quantity and Numbers...... 15 Space and Time ...... 22 Size...... 22 Shape...... 24 Location...... 26 Time and Duration ...... 31 Events and Evolution ...... 37 Forces and Motion...... 45 Motion ...... 45 Forces and Effects...... 52 Processes...... 54 Matter and Nature ...... 62 Properties...... 62 Substances...... 68 Nature ...... 73 Life and Humans...... 78 Vital Functions...... 78 Body...... 84 Plants ...... 89 Animals ...... 94 Humans...... 98 Health and Medicine ...... 100 Perception and Cognition...... 107 Perception ...... 107 Mind ...... 110 Knowledge...... 117 Meaning and Spirit...... 126 Opinion...... 126 Meaning ...... 131 Communication...... 140 Art ...... 144 Spirit...... 149 Character and Emotions ...... 154 Character...... 154 Emotions ...... 159 Action and Modality...... 168 Will, Ability and Necessity ...... 168 Acts and Results...... 173
3 Circumstances...... 183 Manner ...... 187 Attitudes...... 192 Behaviour ...... 192 Feelings...... 198 Self-Image...... 203 Authority ...... 206 Appraisal ...... 210 Community...... 213 Family...... 213 Social Life...... 218 Society ...... 223 State and Politics...... 230 Conflict and Justice...... 234 Conflict ...... 234 Justice...... 241 Work and Possession ...... 245 Possession and Exchange...... 245 Work and Production ...... 250 Economy ...... 260 Daily Life (I) ...... 267 Housing ...... 267 Objects and Tools...... 274 Clothing...... 286 Daily Life (II) ...... 293 Food...... 293 Transport...... 303 Leasure ...... 308 Locutions ...... 311 Forms of Address ...... 311 Greetings...... 313 Leave-taking...... 315 Introductions...... 316 Invitations ...... 317 Requests ...... 319 Apologies...... 320 Agreement and Disagreement ...... 321 Thanks ...... 323 Congratulations and Wishes ...... 324 Phone Conversation ...... 326 Miscellaneous...... 327 Proper Names ...... 330 Places and Peoples ...... 330
4 Arrangement and Usage
The object of this glossary
To make it easier for the student of the Uzbek language to acquire its basic lexicon. To achieve that, lexical items are presented according to their semantic relationships, and their syntactic category and behaviour are indicated as well.
Such a glossary will of course prove useful only in the context of a steady practice of the language, with regular use of other oral or written materials. This is all the more true that no example of use in context has been given here. What this glossary does not deal with
- Phonetic features possibly not reflected in current spelling (eg. dialectal distinctions between /o/ and /ö/, /u/ and /ü/, consonant assimilations).
- Etymological origins of the lexical items (Turkish stock, Iranian, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and western languages).
- Antonymy relationships between lexical items. General arrangement
Principles
Lexical items, words and compound expressions are grouped into larger semantic fields. Each semantic field comes with a table, each line of which containing a head-word and lexical items derived from it. The tables are made out of 3 columns. The first column contains the head-word and its derived lexical items, the second column their syntactic conditions of use, and the third column their meaning expressed in English. In the html pages, links toward other acceptances of the word or its derivations are given on the right side of the table.
Lexical items
The lexical items which have been selected are mainly words, root words or derived words, but may also be compound expressions as well as some of the most used collocations.
For example:
TUG'- v.t give birth to Gatherings tug'il- v.int be born tug'ilish birth tug'ilgan kun(+i) birthday tug'ma adj innate, hereditary, inborn
TUG’- is a transitive verb, and is also the word root from which two other words are derived by lexical suffixation, tug’il- and tug’ma. tug’ilish is not a proper lexical item, but is a nominal deverbative derived from the verb tug’il-, and to which corresponds in English a word as such (birth). Very few of this last kind of derivations are included in the glossary. tug’ilgan kuni is a compound expression, frequently used, which corresponds also to a single word in English.
i Lexical items derived from a given head-word are grouped together in a single line in the table, as far as they belong to the same semantic field.
The most basic or common words are marked in bold face (e.g. tug'il-).
Semantic domains
Several semantic fields (or domains) have been distinguished, each of them making up a table. These semantic domains may be themselves grouped into fields at a superior level, up to that of the HTML page.
The divisions and subdivisions defining the semantic domains are following the general lines adopted in current thesaurus.
A lexical item may very often pertain to only one semantic domain. For instance, BULBUL, nightingale, appears in only one semantic domain, namely ‘Animals’. But quite frequently also, a given lexical item will pertain to several distinct semantic domains. An example is SABZI, carrot, which appears in the two following semantic domains, ‘Plants’ and ‘Food’. Rather than selecting arbitrarily the unique domain where to place such a lexical item, both semantic domains are kept for the item.
A given lexical item may have several correlated yet distinct meanings, which can pertain to different semantic domains. For instance, YUZ has as a first meaning, (human) face, belonging to the semantic domain ‘Body’, and as a derived meaning, surface, face, belonging to the domain ‘Shape’. Cross- references between different occurrences of a same lexical item are implemented by hypertext links.
Within a given semantic domain, items are grouped as much as possible according to their semantic proximity. These semantic domains are relatively large groupings, which may be in turn divided into several sub-domains (realms). These divisions are materialized by empty lines in the table.
A given word may appear in two different realms within a same large semantic domain. For instance, KECHA has two distinct meanings, night and yesterday, both in the domain ‘Time’, appearing then in two distinct domains. Links are cross-referencing these two meanings.
It must be clear that any grouping and sorting according to semantic criteria is more or less arbitrary.
Selected lexical items
The basic vocabulary has been selected, with a distinction between two levels, items or meanings of an item marked in bold face being the most basic or common.
Without any frequency list, such a selection is highly subjective.
A common meaning of an item is marked in bold face only in the table corresponding to its semantic domain. When such a meaning appears in an other semantic domain, it is not marked so. First column
The first column contains Uzbek head-words with words derived from when selected. A head-word appears at the beginning of the cell, and if a root word, written in capital letters. A head-word may itself derives from a head-word appearing elsewhere in the glossary.
Derived words follow, written in lower case.
Only words appear in first column. Relevant grammatical derivations, expressions and collocations appear in second column, these being more or less specific uses of the word in first column. The basic criterion for determining what is a word is simply its spelling, a word being written in one piece.
ii Derived and reduplicate terms (e.g. qarama-qarshi, opposite) appear in the same line as the head- word, but in second column, more for space reasons than anything else. They are written in lower case.
Same handling for compound-words, derived from two or more root words(e.g. ichki-tashki, inside and outside), written in second column and in lower case. They appear in a separate line.
In Turkic languages, lexical derivation is made by means of suffixation, and there are also cases of prefixation (use of Persian prefixes). These two types of affixation are handled in the same way and written in lower case. Words from Arabic are also part of the Uzbek vocabulary, some of them derived from a same Arabic root, by prefixation, suffixation or infixation, these affixes being not productive as such in Uzbek. For some of these words, the semantic proximity between them is not strong enough for them to be grouped in the same line (e.g. KITOB, book and MAKTAB, school), but for others such a grouping is made (e.g. MASHHUR, famous and SHUHRAT, fame). These two forms being quite different, they are both written in capital letters in the same line. The same is done with words from western origin (e.g. EKONOMIK, EKONOMIST).
The most common derived word from a given head-word have been selected. For the verbs in particular, passive/reflexive and causative derived verbs have been most often selected, excepted when these did not bring anything by themselves. Reciprocal/cooperative verbs have almost never been selected, excepted when their meaning had something more with respect to the basic reciprocal/cooperative meaning brought by the corresponding suffix.
Different forms of a same word are written on two distinct lines, separated by a /. For instance: PESHANA / PESHONA.
Irregular possessive suffixation are also mentioned on two distinct lines. For instance BURUN (burn+i) or ASHYO (ashyo+i). Second column
The second column contains basically a description of how words listed in first column are used in the language.
1) The word’s grammatical category (in Uzbek) is first mentioned: ad adjective or adverb adj adjective adv adverb n name num number post postposition pron pronoun v.int intransitive verb v.t transitive verb meas measure neg negative
2) When the word may function as the head of a syntactic unit (clause, noun phrase…) with one or several dependant arguments, the arguments’ marking is mentioned. This is more often the case for verbs (with subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.), but may be also the case of some adjectives or nouns. Distinctions between core and peripheral arguments are not made.
iii The subject of a verb is generally not mentioned, as well as the direct object of a transitive verb when it is basically its only argument.
Compounds verbs formed with qil- are supposed transitive if no specific argument is specified. Those formed with bo'l- are supposed intransitive.
An argument appears in the following form: nature of the argument + reference of the argument + case. For instance NX+dan references a nominal phrase referenced as X in the English translation (column 3), in the ablative case.
Arguments are referenced as X, Y, Z, beginning with core arguments.
Natures of arguments are:
N Noun phrase V Verb phrase A Adjective num number C Clause
Cases are:
+ni direct object / accusative +ga dative +da locative +dan ablative +ning genitive
A noun may bear a pronominal suffix. This is noted using its value in the 3rd singular person:
+i pronominal suffix
(+si if the noun ends with a vowel)
The pronominal suffix may combine with casual suffixes: +ida, +iga, etc.
In order to save space, the word is replaced by ‘~’, and when marking of the arguments occurs on the same line that the grammatical category these are separated by ’|’.
Examples:
BER- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ give X to Y, grant X to Y AYLAN- v.int | NX+ga ~ turn into X, change into X aylantir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ turn X into Y, transform X into Y O'RIN n place to sit, seat, place to sleep (o'rn+i) place, room NX+ning o'rn+ini bos- replace X, take the place of X
Some additional considerations:
iv The direct object is in Uzbek as in the other Turkic languages marked differently according to whether it is specific/definite or not. In the first case, it bears the accusative case suffix, and in the second one, does not bear casual marking, and must immediately precede the verb. The notation NX+ni is systematically used for marking the direct object, instead of NX(+ni), more correct but taking slightly more space.
In the same way, nominal phrases with a noun dependant does not always use the genitive case, but the notation NX+ning is systematically used, instead of NX(+ning).
Nominal phrases are headed by a noun, and this can be also a nominal deverbative (or verb noun). In some cases, reference might be made to the deverbative and its type: N(ish)X notes a nominal phrase which can also be a verbal noun in -ish, the notation VX+ish is then used. N(gani)X notes a nominal phrase which can also be a verbal noun deriving from a past participle followed by a pronominal suffix. The notation of these possibilities is not systematic. NX without more precision may very well refer also to a nominal phrase headed by a verb noun.
Example:
XOHLA- v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ want X,wish X, desire X BIL- v.t know, comprehend VX+ishni ~ know how to X VX+ganini ~ know that X
3) Compound expressions a) For some lexical items derivations obtained through pure grammatical devices may be listed if presenting some interest for that glossary. This has been kept restricted as much as possible. Example as following:
BIL- v.t know, comprehend bilmay / bilmasdan unknowingly bilar-bilmas without being sure, hastily bilish know-how b) Many compound verbs are formed from nouns compound with bo’l- (intransitive verbs) or qil- (et-) (transitive verbs). Such verbs appear also in second column, even if one should notice that very often such compound verbs with qil- are synonymous with the verbs derived from the noun through suffixation -la, which appear in first column. c) Some expressions using verbal auxiliaries are used commonly enough to appear also in that glossary, even if such expressions are strictly speaking not part of the lexicon.
For instance:
KO'R- v.t | N(gain)X+ni ~ see X ko'rib tur- observe, watch ko'rib chiq- examine ko'rib qol- notice d) Some other expressions, closely related to a given lexical item, may figure under its heading.
v For instance:
AZOB n suffering azob tort- suffer azob chek- suffer NX+ga ~ ber- torture X
4) As seen previously, the second column may also contain reduplicated derived terms (intensive), as well as compound words from two different roots. They are written in lower case. Third column
The third column contains the meaning(s) of lexical items and related expressions, as rendered by translation(s) in English.
These translations may contain references to arguments of the syntactic core whose the lexical item is the nucleus. Arguments referenced are those mentioned in second column (X, Y, Z). It may happen that for some verbs an argument not subject in Uzbek and as such referenced in second column is the subject of the English translation. In this case, that argument appears between brackets in the translation, with the verb in the infinitive form.
Example:
GUMON n suspicion, doubt (about people) NY+dan NX+ning ~+i bor (X) be suspicious of Y NX+dan gumon qil- suspect X, doubt X
In the translation some additional elements may help interpreting the translation, or may precise the nature of a given argument. These appear within brackets. When those elements precise the nature of an X, Y or Z argument their contents begin with ‘=’.
Abbreviations sb somebody sth something swh somewhere o.s. oneself esp especially fig figuratively l/f literal and figurative (meaning)
In some cases, distinct meanings of a same lexical item, rather than to appear in distinct lines will be on a same line, separated by ‘;’. Fourth column
The fourth (invisible) column contains links to other references to the lexical item in other parts of the glossary.
vi Materials used for this glossary
Uzbek-English dictionary: Natalie Waterson, Oxford University Press, 1980. O'zbek tilining izohli lug'at: Z.M. Mairufov, Moskva 'rus tili' nashriyoti, 1981 O'zbekcha-ruscha lug'at: S. Akobirova, V. Mixailova, Toshkent, 1988 Uzbekskiy yazik dlya vzroclix: N.A Kissen, Sh.U. Raxmatullayev, Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1989 Fransuzcha-ruscha-o'zbekcha lug'at: M.X. Qorayeva, Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1991 Uzbek-English, English-Uzbek dictionary: Kamran M. Khakimov, Hippocrene books, 1994 Guide parlé français-ouzbek-russe: Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1994 Colloquial Uzbek: Kurtulush Öztopçu, Audio-forum, 1994 Modern literary Uzbek: Khayrulla Ismatulla, Indiana University, 1995 English-Uzbek-Russian reference book: LM.T Triskulov et al, Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1995 Dictionary of the Turkic languages: Kurtulush Öztopçu et al, London Routledge, 1996 Uzbek to English Dictionary: Karl Krippes, Dunwoody Press, 1996 Central Asia phrasebook: J. Rudelson, J. Kakharov et al, Lonely Planet Publications, 1998 O’zbek tili, chet elliklar uchun amaliy kurs: Yu. Azizxonova, R. Tolipova, Toshkent, 1999 Zangari Kema Uzbek-English dictionary: W. Dirks, http://www.geocities.com/zangari_kema/izlatop.html Dictionnaire Ouzbek-Français: B. Balci, Kh. Ibragimov, U. Mansurov, J. Uhres, l'Asiathèque, 2001 Parlons Ouzbek: Saodat Doniyorova, l'Harmattan, 2001 Hozirgi o'zbek tili faol so'zlarning izohli lug'ati: A. Hojiyev et al, Sharq nashriyot-matbaa aksiyadorlik kompaniyasi, Toshkent, 2001 Teachionary Uzbek Word Sets, http://cassandra.sprex.com/teachionary/Uzbek_all.htm Uzbek dictionary & phrasebook: N. Awde, W. Dirks, U. Hikmatullaeva, Hippocrene books, 2002 Uzbek-English dictionary (latin): A. Paiziev, translate uz, http://www.nuu.uz/weblugat Uzbekistan Online Forum, http://www.forum.uz, tillar sahifasi UzLand.com, http://uzland.com/language_tutor.cfm?less=1&id=1 Pouvoir, don et réseaux en Ouzbekistan post-soviétique: Boris-Mathieu Pétric, PUF, 2002
vii Basic Concepts Entities and Existence
NARSA n thing, object bir narsa some thing har narsa everything hech narsa nothing BUYUM n thing(s), articles (for use), goods PREDMET n object, thing ISH n matter, affair, business, thing work, job, task NX+ning ~+i X's affair, business, job GAP n matter, affair (to talk about) hech gap yo'q nothing much, never mind, no problem katta gap big event nima gap? what has happened? BEKOR adj, n useless(ness), empty, emptiness n nothing BO'L- v.int be, come into being, happen v.int | NX/AX ~ become X, get X NX/AX ~+ib qol- become X, get X v.int | NX ~+ib as (a) X BOR adj existent, present adj | NY+ning NX+i ~ (Y) have X (possession) adj | NY+da NX ~ (Y) have X (with it) bor bo'l- be present; exist borlik n existence YO'Q adj non-existent, absent NY+ning NX+i ~ (Y) have not X (possession) NY+da NX ~ (Y) have not X (with it) yo'q bo'l- disappear, vanish; lack yo'qlik n non-existence, absence MAVJUD adj existing, available mavjud bo'l- exist, be available mavjudlik n existence, availability mavjudot n nature, essence, being PAYDO paydo bo'l- appear paydo qil- produce ko'rin- v.int be visible, appear, emerge yuz ber- happen BUNYOD bunyod bo'l- appear, be created bunyod qil- make appear, create CHIQ- v.int come out, appear, emerge kelib chiq- happen bunday kelib chiqadiki CX it follows that X SODIR sodir bo'l- happen YO'QOL- v.int disappear, get lost KET- v.int go, leave yo'q bo'lib ket- disappear, vanish O'CH- v.int disappear, vanish o'chir- v.t cause to vanish, erase
1 KUY- v.int get lost, get wasted G'OYIB adj absent, invisible g'oyib bo'l- disappear, vanish g'oyib qil- cause to vanish, take away, remove g'oyibona adv being invisible, secretly HODISA n event, incident, happening baxtsiz ~ accident, mishap ko'ngilsiz ~ accident, mishap halokat n accident, disaster, wreck halokatga uchra- meet with an accident halokatli adj accidental, disastrous VOQEA n event, incident FAKT n fact JARAYON n process TASODIF n chance, fate tasodifiy adj accidental, casual tasodifan adv by chance MU'JIZA n miracle SARGUZASHT n adventure TAQDIR n fate, lot, future event, case FALAK n sky fate PESHANA n fate, destiny / PESHONA TOLE n luck, fortune, fate (tole+i) QISMAT n fate (of sb)
MUMKIN adj possible adj | NX VY+ishi ~ (Y) be possible for X bo'lishi mumkin (bo'lgan) (whose existence is) possible mumkinlik n possibility nomumkin adj impossible IMKON n possibility imkoniyat n possibility, opportunity imkonsiz adj impossible EHTIMOL ad probable(ly), possible(ly) n probability, possibility har ehtimolga qarshi just in case ehtimollik n probability ANIQ ad clear(ly), obvious(ly) precise(ly), exact(ly) definite(ly), absolute(ly) MUQARRAR adj certain, definite, inevitable belgila- v.t define, fix
AGAR conj if MABODO conj if, in the event of TAQDIR CX+gan taqdirda in the event of X, in case of X
2 HOL n condition, state (of sb, sth) circumstances bu holda under the circumstances har holda whatever the circumstances AHVOL n condition, state (of sth, esp. of sb) HOLAT n condition(s), state, status VAZIYAT n situation, position, condition circumstances MUHIT n environment, surroundings SHART n condition (necessary for sth) basharti conj provided that, in the event of SHAROIT n conditions (of, with sth); circumstances shart-sharoit conditions bunday sharoitda under these conditions sharoitga qarab depending on the circumstances UCHUN post | N(ish)X ~ for X (sake/purpose), in order to X post | N(gani)X ~ for X (reason), because of X shuning uchun therefore, for that reason TUFAYLI post | NX ~ because of X, thanks to X, on account of X SABAB n reason, cause N(ishi)X+ga ~ bo'l- cause, provoke X nima sababdan for what reason shu sababdan for this reason sababli adj | N(gani)X ~ for the reason of X, due to X sababsiz ad without reason CHUNKI conj because MODOMIKI conj since, as, considering that, because ZERO conj because, by reason that, since / ZEROKI keltir- v.t bring about, cause, provoke NX+ga olib kel- lead to X ASL n origin; original MANBA n source, origin (manba+i) bog'liq adj | NX+ga ~ dependent (on X) TA'SIR n influence, effect; impression NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- influence X, act upon X ta'sirli adj influential ta'sirla- v.t influence, act upon NATIJA n result; conclusion N(gani)X ~+sida as a result of X natija ber- have, yield a result natijada as a result natijali ad effective(ly), with results natijasiz ad ineffective(ly), without results OQIBAT n result, end oqibatli adj effective, with results oqibatsiz adj vain, without results MAHSUL n produce, product, result mahsulot n output, production, yield, product YAKUN n result, assessment; total yakunla- v.t assess; totalize yakunlovchi n, adj final, conclusion BINOAN post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X, in consequence of X BINOBARIN conj therefore, consequently
3 XULOSA n conclusion, summary, result
4 Relations
BILAN post | NX ~ with X, by means of X, and X BIRGA adv together adv | NX bilan ~ together with X birgalik n | NX bilan ~+da in connection with X, together with X HUZUR n presence NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga in presence of X YOLG'IZ ad alone, solitary, single DOIR post | NX+ga ~ concerning X, related to X, about X OID post | NX+ga ~ pertaining to X, relating to X JIHAT n aspect, side, field QARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ depend on X, relate to X, pertain to X bog'liq adj | NX+ga ~ dependent (on X) bog'la- v.t tie, bind; fasten bog'lam n bunch, bundle bog'lan- v.int be tied, be bound together bog'lanish relation, link ALOQA n | NX bilan ~ contact, communication with X NX bilan ~ bog'la- link to X, connect with X aloqasiz adj unrelated aloqador adj | NX+ga ~ related to X MUNOSABAT n | NX bilan ~ relations, connections with X munosabatsiz adj | NX bilan ~ unrelated to X munosabatdor adj | NX bilan ~ related to X o'zaro ad mutual(ly), reciprocal(ly) ikki tomonga qarashli mutual, reciprocal ARALASH adj mixed, composite ARALASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ get mixed up with X take part in X, interfere in X aralashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ mix X with Y v.t | NX+ni (bir-biriga) ~ mix up X (together) aralashma n mixture QORISH- v.int mix together, mingle qorishtir- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ mix X with Y, confuse X with Y NX+ni (bir-birlari bilan) ~ mix up X (with each other), confuse X qorishma n mixture BIR NX (NY) ~ X (and Y) are one, the same NX (NY) bir xil X (and Y) are the same bir xillik identity BIRDAY ad identical(ly) YA'NI conj that is to say, namely KABI post | NX ~ like X post | N(gani)X ~ as if X SINGARI post | NX ~ similar to X YANGLIG' post | NX ~ like X
5 O'XSHA- v.int | NX+ga ~ be like X, resemble X v.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ it seems/looks as if X o'xshash adj | NX+ga ~ similar to X, alike o'xshashlik n | NX+ga ~ similarity to X o'xshat- v.int | NX+ga ~ imitate X o'xshatish analogy, simulation ko'rin- NX+dek bo'lib ko'rin- look like X AYNI adj like, same, identical AYNAN adv exactly, identically XUDDI adv exactely, precisely as if NX ~ NY (X) exactely like Y GO'YOKI conj | ~ CX as if X / GO'YO MISOL n example misol ko'rsat- give an example misol keltir- give an example misol uchun for example, for instance MASALAN adv for example, for instance CHUNONCHI adv for example HAMDA conj as well as BOSHQA adj other, another adj | NX+dan ~ different from X post | NX+dan ~ apart from X boshqacha ad different(ly) BOSHQATDAN adv again TASHQARI n, adv exterior, outside NX+dan ~ other than X, in addition to X, besides X G'AYRI adj other, alien ~ AX not X, out of X's scope ZIYODA post | NX+dan ~ other than X, more than X O'ZGA adj other, another adj | NX+dan ~ different from X (in nature) O'ZGAR- v.int change, alter o'zgart- v.t change, alter o'zgartir- v.t change, alter replace, substitute QARSHI adj opposing, against opposite post | NX+ga ~ against X, contrary to X NX+ga qarshi qo'y- contrast with X qarshilik n opposition qarama-qarshi opposite, opposing qarama-qarshilik contrast TESKARI adj | NX+ga ~ contrary to X opposed to X, against X ad inside out, upside down n contrary, opposite teskarisi(ga) on the contrary AKS adj contrary, adverse, reverse, counter- aksincha conj on the contrary ZID adj | bir-biriga ~ contrary, contradictory, conflicting adj | NX+ga ~ opposed to X ZIDDIYAT n contradiction QAYTAGA adv to the contrary
6 LEKIN conj but AMMO conj but BIROQ conj but GARCHI conj | ~ CX+sa-da, CY although X, Y HOLBUKI conj | CX ~ CY X although Y, X whereas Y VAHOLANKI conj | CX ~ CY X although Y, X whereas Y FARQ n difference n | NX bilan NY orasida ~ differences between X and Y NX+ni NY bilan farq qil- distinguish X from Y NX+ni bir-biridan farq qil- distinguish Xs from each other farqli adj different farqla- v.t distinguish farqlan- v.int differ TAFOVUT n difference qaraganda post | NX+ga ~ in comparison with X according to X post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ considering X KO'RA post | NX+dan ~ in comparison with X NISBIY adj relative NISBATAN post | NX+ga ~ compared with X with regard to X SOLISHTIR- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ compare X with Y solishtirma adj comparative CHOG'ISHTIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ compare X with Y v.t | NX+larni bir-biriga ~ compare Xs with each other TAQQOSLA- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ compare X with Y NX+larni bir-biriga ~ compare Xs with each other taqqoslab ko'r- compare QIYOS n comparison NX+ni NY+ga qiyos et-/qil- compare X with Y qiyosiy adj comparative qiyosla- v.t compare
NAMUNA n, adj model, example sample namunali adj model, exemplary O'RNAK n example, model NUSXA n, meas copy, sample, model asl nusxa original copy KOPIYA n copy kopiya ol- copy TAQLID n copy, imitation NX+ga taqlid qil- copy X, imitate X taqlidiy adj imitative taqlidchi n imitator N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri kel- it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X MUNOSIB adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) (be) relevant to X, suitable for X, matching X MUVOFIQ adj | NX+ga ~ suitable for X, reasonable post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X muvofiqlik n suitability muvofiqlash- v.int adapt muvofiqlashtir- v.t adapt LOYIQ adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) suitable for X, fit X; deserving X
7 YARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ be fit for X, suit X, be appropriate for X be useful, helpful for X yarash- v.int | NX+ga ~ suit X, befit X yaroqli adj | NX+ga ~ well-suited, suitable; useful for X yaroqsiz adj unsuitable; of no use, useless YOQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ suit X, be satisfying to X tegishli adj | NX+ga ~ appropriate to X, relevant to X belonging to X kelish- v.int come together v.int | NX+ga ~ be suitable, appropriate to X kelishgan shapely, well-proportioned BOP adj suitable, appropriate nobop adj unsuitable, inappropriate MOS n match, harmony adj | NX+ga ~ matching X, harmonizing with X v.int | NX+ga ~ kel- match X, suit X, fit X moslash- v.int adapt moslashtirish- v.t adapt SIG'- v.int | NX+ga ~ fit into X sig'dir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ make X fit into Y, fill Y with X
8 Category and Order
TARTIB n order NX tartibga keltir- put X into order NX tartibga sol- put X into order tartibni buz- disorganize tartibli adj in order tartibsiz adj disorderly tartibsizlik n disorderliness betartib adj disorderly ag'dar-to'ntar messy TORTIB post | NX+dan ~ starting from X TUZ- v.t draw up, form, make tuzilish n composition, making up, structure tuzum n system, structure SISTEMA n system sistematik adj systematic QUR- v.t build, construct (l/f) quril- v.int | NX+dan ~ be constituted, composed, made up of X qurilma n structure, composition TARKIB n structure, make-up, composition NX ~+ida NY bor X is composed of Y tarkibiy adj structural, constituent, component TASHKIL tashkil bo'l- be composed, be made up tashkil top- be composed, be made up tashkil qil-/et- organize, found, establish form, make up TARMOQ n branch, network branch, domain tarmoqla- v.t branch out IBORAT adj | NX+dan ~ consisting of X, composed of X NX+dan ~ bo'l- consist of X, be composed of X MURAKKAB adj complex, complicated adj | NX+dan ~ consisting of X, composed of X murakkablik n complexity murakkablash- v.int get complicated murakkablashtir- v.t complexify, complicate SODDA adj simple simple, plain, naive soddalash- v.int get simple soddalashtir- v.t simplify
BUTUN adj whole, entire, all butunlik n entirety, integrity butunlay adv completely, wholly, absolutely BIR num one a birlik n unity unit birlash- v.int unite birlashtir- v.t unite, combine birlashma n alliance, union BIRIK- v.int unite biriktir- v.t unite birikma n combination, compound
9 TO'P n, meas group, flock, heap to'pla- v.t collect, gather, group to'plam n collection, gathering, group to'plan- v.int be gathered, be groupped to'plash- v.int gather, group YIG'- v.t collect, gather yig'indi n collection, compilation, corpus yig'ishtir- v.t gather up, tidy up, put in order, clean up yig'im n collection, gathering KOLLEKSIYA n collection QO'SH- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ add X to Y NX+ni NY+ga ~+ib qo'y- include X to Y qo'shil- v.int | NX+ga ~ be added to X, be included to X join X, participate to X agree to X, support X qo'shma adj united, compound JAM n addition, plus, total jam qil- add, collect, gather together jamla- v.t gather, collect TO'DA n | NX+lar ~+si group of Xs, gang of Xs flock, swarm of Xs heap, pile of Xs to'dalash- v.int group GRUPPA n, meas group gruppala- v.t group QISM n part (of a whole/ a group), portion qisman ad partial(ly) BO'L- v.t separate v.t | NX+ni numY+ga ~ divide X in Y bo'lin- v.int be separated, be divided bo'lma n room section, part, partition bo'lak n part ~ NX piece of X n | NX ~+i piece of X bo'lakcha n small part, small piece butun va bo'laklar whole and parts AYIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ remove, take away X from Y, separate X from Y special, separate ayricha adj separately, apart, specially adv special, particular ayrim adj certain, some particularity, difference ayirma n AJRA- v.int break up ajral- v.int divide, split, break up ajrat- v.t divide, split dispatch v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ isolate, separate X from Y ALOHIDA ad separate(ly), apart
QATOR n row, line, column set, group bir qator NX a (whole) series of X NX+ni qator qo'y- align X qatorla- v.t align qatorlash- v.int line up, stand side by side
10 SAF n row, line rank, front XONA n place, column (in a table) UY- v.t pile up, put together uyum n pile, heap G'ARAM n stack, pile, heap g'aram qil- stack, pile up, heap up g'aramla- v.t pile up, heap up RO'YXAT n list, register v.b. (va boshqalar) etc. (et cetera) v.h.q. (va hoqazo) and so on v.sh.k. (va shu kabilar) and so on
TABIAT n nature, Nature nature, character TABIIY adj natural SUN'IY adj artificial, man-made yasama adj man-made, artificial, false XARAKTER n character xarakterli adj characteristic, typical xarakterla- v.t characterize xarakteristik n characteristic MAZMUN n sense content, essence, point mazmunan adv in essence, essentially mazmundor adj substantial MAG'IZ n essence, gist (mag'z+i) NX+ning ~+ini chaq- understand X's meaning MOHIYAT n point, essence SHAKL n form, shape manner, way shakllan- v.int form, take shape shakllantir- v.t form, shape shaklan adv in shape shaklan va mazmunan in content and form FORMA n form ko'rinish n | (tashqi) ~ appearance, exterior, looks scene, scenery, view QIYOFA n appearance, face SIRT n exterior, appearance, surface TURUQ n appearance, expression TUS n appearance, manner USUL n | VX+ish ~+i method (of Xing), manner (of X), way of (Xing), procedure form, style XOS adj particular, unique NX+(ning o'z+i)ga ~ specific to X xosiyat n character, quality, significance MAXSUS adj special, particular XUSUSAN adv especially, particularly XUSUSIY adj personal, private xususiyat n characteristics, peculiarities
11 XISLAT n character, characteristics SIFAT n characteristic quality NX ~+ida bo'lib as X sifatli adj qualitative high grade, high quality sifatsiz adj low grade, poor quality ALOHIDA ad separate(ly), apart special(ly), particular(ly) AYNIQSA adv | ~ NX especially X, particularly X YAGONA adj unique, the only one
DARAJA n degree level darajali adj | NX/AX ~ up to X's standard SAVIYA n level, standard BOSQICH n level, degree stage, phase YUQORI n top, highest part adj high (fig.) YUKSAK adj high (l/f) yuksaklik n height
XIL n kind, sort, type num/pronY ~ NX Y kind of X, sort of X, type of X har ~ NX+lar all kinds of X xilma-xil all kinds, various xilma-xillik variety TUR n kind, sort bir turli same turli adj different, various, diverse har ~ NX+lar all kinds of X turli-tuman diverse turli-tumanlik diversity turla- v.t sort turdosh adj uniform, similar NAV n sort, kind num/pronY ~ NX Y sort of X, kind of X NX navlarga ajrat- sort X SORT n sort sortla- v.t sort TOIFA n tribe, race class, category, set
ASOS n basis, foundation, ground n | NX+ga ~ reason for X, basis for X NX+ga ~ sol- lay the foundations of X asosiy adj basic, fundamental; main, principal asosan adv in principle, basically post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X, according to X NEGIZ n base, basis, foundation PRINSIP n principle TAG n bottom, lowest part root, basis, substance, essence
12 TAFSIL n detail tafsil qil- detail tafsil qilib in detail tafsilot n detail tafsilli adj detailed tafsiliy ad in detail, detailed batafsil ad in detail, detailed MUHIM adj important muhim bo'l- import muhimlik n importance AHAMIYAT n significance, importance N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- attach importance to X ahamiyati yo'q it does not matter ahamiyatli adj significant, important ahamiyatsiz adj insignificant, unimportant OLIY adj high, highest, supreme BOSH n, adj head, chief, top, main ikkinchi orindagi secondary
UMUM n everybody, the public adj whole, all, public umumiy adj general, common, public, universal umumiylik n universality umumlashtir- v.t generalize, collectivize umuman adv in general, basically umuman aytganda in short ODAT n habit custom, usage odatda habitually, customarily, usually odatdagi ordinary, common, normal odatdagidek as usual odatdan tashqari rare, uncommon odatlan- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ get used to X, make a habit of X ODDIY adj ordinary, usual, regular g'ayri oddiy extraordinary oddiylik n ordinariness, simplicity QOIDA n rule, regulation qonuniyat n law (regular pattern) MUNTAZAM adj regular, systematic regular, official muntazamlik n regularity NORMA n norm NORMAL adj normal ISTISNO n exception istisno qil- exclude istisnosiz adj without exception MUSTASNO n exception, exclusion mustasno qil- exclude bundan mustasno apart from this KIR- NX+ga kirma- X excluded NODIR adj rare, outstanding NOYOB adj rare, unique SIYRAK ad sparse(ly) rare(ly), seldom siyraklik n rarity siyraklash- v.int rarefy
13 G'ALATI adj strange, peculiar g'alatilik n strangeness, peculiarity G'AROYIB adj extraordinary, strange, curious FAVQULODDA ad extraordinary(ly), unusual(ly) HATTO adv | ~ NX even X
14 Quantity and Numbers
MIQDOR n quantity, amount katta miqdorda in large quantities KO'P adj many, plenty, a lot of adv very, very much n a great deal ko'p sonli numerous ko'pdan-ko'p very many, very much juda ko'p plenty of ko'p deganda at most ko'plik n abundance, large quantity ko'pay- v.int increase, grow, multiply ko'payish increase, growth ko'paytir- v.t increase, raise, multiply ko'paytirish n multiplication (arithm. operation) ko'pchilik n majority everybody, many people ko'pgina adv a fair amount / number ANCHA adj (mostly with neg.) many, quite a lot of adv (rather) much, greatly ancha-muncha (with neg.) (not) very much AKSAR n most, majority aksari adv mostly, usually aksariyat n main part, majority MO'L adj abundant, plentiful, rich mo'l bo'l- be abundant mo'llik n abundance, profusion / mo'lchilik SEROB adj abundant, plentiful serob bo'l- be abundant serobgarchilik n abundance, profusion OZ adj few, small (quantity) oz-moz a little, a bit, slightly oz deganda at least ozlik n small quantity ozay- v.int decrease, grow less, diminish ozayt- v.t reduce, lessen, diminish / ozaytir- ozchilik n minority ozmuncha adv a little, a while ozgina adv a little, a bit ozmi-ko'pmi more or less, to a certain degree LOAQAL adv | ~ numX at least X ~ numX ham (with neg.) not even X YANA adv again more, another ORT- v.int increase be left over, surplus orttir- v.t increase orttirib yubor- exaggerate ortiq adj extra, in excess numX+dan ~ more than X adv more, too much ortiqlik n superiority, advantage ortiqcha adj in excess
15 OSH- v.int rise, increase oshiq adj excessive, too much adj | numX+dan ~ more than X ko'taril- v.int rise, ascend (l/f) YUKSAL- v.int rise, ascend (l/f) yuksalish elevation, development yuksaltir- v.t raise (l/f) TASHQARI n, adv exterior, outside NX+dan ~ other than X, in addition to X, besides X UST NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga on (top of) X in addition to X ZIYOD adv more ziyoda post | NX+dan ~ other than X, more than X O'S- v.int grow rise, go up, ascend, increase o'stir- v.t increase KAM adj few, small, little (quantity) short, lacking adv little, not enough kam bo'l- seldom juda kam too few kamdan-kam rare kamdan-kam uchraydigan lack, be not enough kamlik n lack, shortage kamlik qil- lack kamay- v.int decrease, get less kamaytir- v.t decrease, reduce kamchilik n default, shortcoming NX+dan ~ tort- lack X YET- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X, arrive to X(=location) v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ be enough, be sufficient for X yetish- v.int | NX+ga ~ attain X, catch up with X be sufficient yetishmaslik n insufficiency yetarli adj sufficient, enough yetarli bo'l- be sufficient KIFOYA adj | NX+ga ~ enough, sufficient for X NX+ga kifoya qil- be enough, be sufficient for X kifoyalan- v.int be enough, be sufficient NECHA pro how much, how many bir necha several, some QANCHA pro how much, how many bir qancha several MUNCHA pro this much bir muncha several, some somewhat, a little TALAY adv much, many bir talay a fair amount, a fair number bir oz / biroz a little, a bit QITTAK adj a little, some
JAM n addition, plus, total jam qil- add, collect, gather together jami adv in total jamla- v.t gather, collect jamiki adj every
16 QO'SH- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ add X to Y NX+ni NY+ga ~+ib qo'y- include X to Y qo'shish n addition (arithm. operation) qo'shil- v.int | NX+ga ~ be added to X, be included to X qo'shimcha adj additional, supplementary qo'shuv n addition (operation) qo'shma adj united, compound YAKUN n result, assessment; total yakunla- v.t assess; totalize SIG'- v.int | NX+ga ~ fit into X sig'dir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ make X fit into Y, fill Y with X sig'im n capacity kirgiz- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ include Y into X TAQSIM n distribution NX+ni NY+ga taqsim qil- distribute X to Y, divide X by Y taqsimla- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ distribute X to Y, divide X by Y taqsimlan- v.int | NX+ga ~ be distributed among X BO'L- v.t separate v.t | NX+ni numY+ga ~ divide X in Y bo'lish n division (arithm. operation) bo'lin- v.int be separated, be divided bo'lak n part ~ NX piece of X n | NX ~+i piece of X bo'lakcha n small part, small piece PARCHA n | ~ NX piece of X, splinter of X, scrap n | NX ~+si piece of X, splinter of X, scrap parchala- v.t split, break up, crumble BURDA n | ~ NX piece of X, bit of X NX+ni burda-burda qil- slice X burdala- v.t break up, tear to pieces CHAQMOQ n piece, lump HISSA n share, portion DONA meas piece, item BIR num one a bitta-bitta one by one, separately bittalab one by one, separately birdan-bir only (adj) birma-bir one by one, one after another birlik n unity unit BIROR adj some (unspecified), one (about one) BIRON adj some (unspecified), any / BIRONTA birin-ketin one by one, one after another BUTUN adj whole, entire, all butunlik n entirety, integrity butunlay adv completely, wholly, absolutely to'la ad full(y), complete(ly), total(ly) to'liq ad full(y), sufficient(ly), ample, complete(ly) to'liqla- v.t supplement, complement MUTLAQ adj absolute, complete mutlaqo adv absolutely, completely; quite ROSA adv absolutely, totally, completely, exactly gir-gir completely, all around
17 TAMOM n end, finish tamomiyla adv completely, utterly batamom adv completely, totally tamoman adv completely, totally YOPPASI n totality yoppasiga complete(ly), total(ly) HAMMA adj all NX+ning ~+si the totality of X, whole X BARCHA adj all BARI n everything, everybody BA'ZI adj some, certain FALON adj some, some ... or other falon-pismadon this or that falon-tugan this or that HECH adj no YOLG'IZ ad only, solely, merely FAQAT adv | ~ NX+gina only X adv | ~ numX NY only X Y NUQUL adv only XOLOS adv only, that's it JUDA adv | ~ AX very; too juda ham AX very much; too much G'OYAT adv | ~ AX extremely, to a high degree nihoyatda adv extremely YOMON ad extremely, terribly, severely uchiga chiqqan extremely, utterly ENG adv most (superlative) O'TA adv excessively, to excess, too much, very QADAR n amount, quantity bir qadar to a certain degree, relatively shu / bu / u qadar so, to such an extent XIYLA adv relatively / XILA greatly, much NISBIY adj relative DARAJA n degree level darajali adj | NX/AX ~ up to X's standard SAL adv | ~ AX(+roq) a little, somewhat, slightly X adv | ~ VX a little, somewhat, slightly X VX+ishiga sal nearly X, almost X sal kam numX nearly X, almost X salgina a little bit sal-pal a little, slightly PICHA adv a little, a bit JINDAK adv a little bit DEYARLI ad almost, nearly / DEYARLIK
18 TENG adj | NX+ga ~ equal to X adv equally tenglik n equality tengla- v.t equalize tenglash- v.int | NX bilan NY ~ (X and Y) be equal BARAVAR adj equal, same adv together, at the same time BABBARAVAR ad equal, same at the same time ATROF n | NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga around X around X, about X atrofli adj all-round YAQIN adj | NX+ga ~ near by X, close to X adj | numX+ga ~ close to X, about X, approximately X taxminiy adj rough, approximate, estimated taxminan adv | ~ numX about X, roughly X, approximately X QARIYB adv | ~ numX nearly X, around X, approximately X QATTIQ adj strong, intense qattiqla- v.t intensify SHIDDAT n intensity, fierceness shiddatli adj intense, fierce BALAND ad high PAST adj low o'rtacha ad (in) average, medium BOSH NX+ning boshiga numY NZ an average of Y Z per X
SON n number, numeral sonli adj numeric SANA- v.t count CX deb ~ at last X, consider that X sanat- v.t | NX+ni ~ have X counted sanoq n enumeration, counting adj cardinal sanoqli adj countable son-sanoqsiz countless, innumerable NOMER n number nomerli adj numbered nomerla- v.t number RAQAM n numeral, digit, figure NOL num zero BIR num one IKKI num two UCH num three TO'RT num four BESH num five OLTI num six YETTI num seven SAKKIZ num eight TO'QQIZ num nine
19 O'N num ten o'nli adj decimal YIGIRMA num twenty O'TTIZ num thirty QIRQ num fourty ELLIK num fifty OLTMISH num sixty YETMISH num seventy SAKSON num eighty TO'QSON num ninety YUZ num hundred MING num thousand MILLION num million MILLIARD num milliard, billion JUFT n, meas pair, couple adj even (number) juftla- v.t merge DYUJINA meas dozen TOQ adj odd, uneven KASR n fraction kasrli adj fractional YARIM num half (yarm+i) n | NX yarmi half X numX ~ X and a half yarimta n half yarimla- v.int divide in half yarimlab qol- (whose) half remain yarimlab ket- take half CHORAK n quarter nimchorak n eighth FOIZ n per cent n | NX+ning numY ~+i Y per cent of X PROTSENT n per cent, percentage qo'sha adj double, paired qo'shaloq n double, couple HISOB n arithmetic, calculation, computation account, count, score hisobli adj can be counted on one's fingers hisobsiz adj countless behisob adj countless hisobla- v.t calculate v.t | CX deb ~ at last X, consider that X qo'shish n addition (arithm. operation) ayirish n subtraction (arithm. operation) ko'paytirish n multiplication (arithm. operation) bo'lish n division (arithm. operation) OLUV n minus YET- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X(=quantity)
20 CHEK n limit, boundary, limitation chekli adj limited, finite cheksiz adj unlimited, infinite chekla- v.t restrict, limit, confine cheklan- v.int be limited CHET n side, limit, outskirts chetla- v.t near the limits, boundaries of HAD n limit, bound (had+di) haddan oshib ket- overstep the limits behad adj unlimited, infinite haddi-hisobsiz countless NIHOYAT n limit, end nihoyatda adv extremely benihoyat ad endless(ly), extremely / benihoya O'RTA n, adj centre, middle; central o'rtacha ad (in) average, medium MIYONA adj middle, average O'LCHA- v.t measure o'lchan- v.int be measured o'lcham n standard; measure unit o'lchov n measurement, measure o'lchagich n gauge, measure instrument TORT- v.t | NX+ni (tarozida) ~ weigh X TAROZI n scales TERMOMETR n thermometer GRADUSNIK n thermometer BAROMETR n barometer MATEMATIKA n mathematics GEOMETRIYA n geometry ALGEBRA n algebra
21 Space and Time Size
KATTA adj big, large grand; eldest, elder grown up kattalik n size, largeness kattalash- v.int get bigger kattalashtir- v.t make bigger, enlarge kattakon adj huge, immense elder ULKAN adj huge, large YIRIK adj large, big, bulky prominent yiriklash- v.int get larger, get bigger KICHIK adj small, little younger kichiklik n smallness kichiklash- v.int grow shorter kichiklashtir- v.t shorten KICHKINA adj very small, little, tiny MAYDA adj small BO'Y n size, length, height NX+ning ~+i uzun tall bo'yli adj tall, with a given size bo'yga yetkan grown up UZUN adj long uzunlik n length UZAY- v.int lengthen, extend uzaytir- v.t lengthen, extend QISQA adj short (space and time) brief, concise qisqalik n shortness qisqar- v.int get shorter, be reduced qisqartir- v.t shorten, reduce qisqartirish reduction KALTA adj short kalta qil- shorten KENG adj broad, wide, vast, spacious extensive, wide-spread kenglik n breadth, width kengay- v.int get broader, get wider kengaytir- v.t broaden, widen EN n width, breadth enli adj wide, broad ensiz adj narrow POYON n limit, boundary bepoyon ad limitless, boundless, infinite(ly) bepoyonlik n immensity, infinity TOR adj narrow, tight torlik n narrowness toray- v.int be reduced, become less toraytir- v.t reduce
22 QALIN adj thick dense (solid) qalinlik n thickness qalinla- v.int get thicker qalinlat- v.t thicken YO'G'ON adj thick, stout, fat, big yo'g'onlik n thickness, stoutness, fatness yo'g'onlash- v.int get thicker, stouter YUPQA adj thin yupqalik n thinness yupqalan- v.int get thinner yupqalashtir- v.t make thinner INGICHKA adj thin, slender fine BALAND ad high balandlik n height balandlash- v.int get higher balandlat- v.t make higher PAST adj low n bottom pastlik n lowness PASAY- v.int lower, decrease, come down pasaytir- v.t lower, decrease CHUQUR adj deep chuqurlik n depth chuqurlash- v.int deepen (l/f) chuqurlashtir- v.t deepen (l/f) SAYOZ adj shallow sayozlik n shallowness sayozlash- adj get more shallow
SAFH n surface, area dengiz safhi sea-level HAJM n volume, capacity, area KVADRAT n, adj square KUB n cube kubik adj cubic METR meas metre kub metr cubic metre kvadrat metr square metre KILOMETR meas kilometre kvadrat kilometr square kilometre MILLIMETR meas millimetre SANTIMETR meas centimetre GEKTAR meas hectar QARICH meas (hand) span QULOCH meas two outstretched arms LITR meas litre
23 Shape
SHAKL n form, shape manner, way shakllan- v.int form, take shape shakllantir- v.t form, shape NO'QTA n point, dot (l/f) CHIZ- v.t draw, sketch chiziq n line chiziqli adj ruled, lined QATOR n row, line, column qatorla- v.t align qatorlash- v.int line up, stand side by side SAF n row, line YUZ n face surface, face yuza adj open, surface yuzaki ad superficial(ly) (l/f) BET n surface, face BURCHAK n corner, angle burchakli adj | numX ~ with X angles UCHBURCHAK n triangle TO'RTBURCHAK n square to'rtburchakli adj square XOCH n cross YOY n arc, bow yumaloq adj round, circular yumaloqla- v.t round dumaloq adj round, circular dum-dumaloq completely round AYLAN- v.int turn round; revolve, rotate aylana n circle aylanma adj circular qayril- v.int turn qayrilma n turning, corner DOIRA n circle circle, sphere, limits doiraviy adj circular HALQA n ring SHAR n globe, sphere GRADUS meas degree (angles) degree (temperature)
TO'G'RI adj straight right, correct, true adv straight away, directly to'g'riga straight away to'ppa-to'g'ri perfectly straight burma n fold QAT n layer qatlam n layer
24 QAVAT n layer, stratum, ply qavatma-qavat pile, stack qavatli adj layered, stratified qavatla- v.t pile up, stack up TEKIS ad smooth(ly); level notekis adj irregular, uneven tekisla- v.t level SIMMETRIK adj symmetric SIMMETRIYA n symmetry PARALLEL adj parallel yotiq adj horizontal; leaning to one side, fallen TIK adj straight, steep tik tur- stand up straight TIKKA adj upright, straight ko'tarma adj rising, steep QIYA n, adj slope; sloping qiyalik n slope, incline EG- v.t bend, bow egil- v.int bend, bow EGRI adj bent, crooked egri-bugri crooked, twisted QING'IR adj crooked qing'irlik n crook
UCH n point, end, extremity uchli adj sharp, pointed uchla- v.t sharpen QIRRA n edge, ridge, facet OYOQ n extremity, end, completion OG'IZ n mouth, opening, aperture (og'z+i)
25 Location
TUR- v.int stand stay, stop, be (swh), stay (at) YER n land place (l/f) bu/shu/u yer+da/ga/dan here, there qayer+da/ga/dan where har yer+da/ga/dan everywhere hech yer+da/ga/dan nowhere allaqayer+da/ga/dan somewhere yerlik adj local MAHALLIY adj local JOY n place (l/f), position boshqa joy+da/ga/dan elsewhere joyida just right, smoothly NX+ga ~ sol- make room for X NX+ga ~ qil- make room for X joyla- v.t lay up, lay aside joylash- v.int | NX+ga ~ find a place in X, settle down in X be located at X, be situated at X joylashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ find a place for X in Y, put X in Y O'RIN n place to sit, seat, place to sleep (o'rn+i) place, room NX+ning o'rn+ini bos- replace X, take the place of X NX+ning o'rniga instead of X o'rin ol- take place, take a seat o'rin tut- occupy a seat o'rinli adj with room, with place appropriate, reasonable, justified adj | numX ~ with X seats o'rinsiz adj with no room O'RNAT- v.t establish, found v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ put up X at Y, set up X in Y, install X at Y O'RNASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ settle down in X, establish oneself o'rnashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ find a place for X in Y, put X in Y PUNKT n point, specific spot MAKON n place, location, space MAYDON n place, area, field, site, territory ZONA n zone bo'shliq n emptiness, space FAZO n space outer space TUT- v.t occupy (place, location)
ICH n interior, inside NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga inside X, in X ichki adj inner, internal ICHKARI n, adv inside TASHQI adj outer, external TASHQARI n, adv exterior, outside NX+dan ~ other than X, in addition to X, besides X ichki-tashqi inside and outside
26 SIRT n exterior, appearance, surface sirtqi adj external, outward CHEK n limit, boundary, limitation CHEGARA n boundary, limit, frontier chegarala- v.t put limits chegaralan- v.int | NX bilan ~ border X, have frontiers with X chegaradosh adj | NX bilan ~ have frontiers with X TUTASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ border on X, be connected to X DOIRA n circle circle, sphere, limits SOHA n domain, field JIHAT n aspect, side, field MARKAZ n centre (location and organization) markaziy adj central markazlash- v.int centralize, concentrate markazlashtir- v.t centralize, concentrate O'RTA n, adj centre, middle; central NX+ning ~+sida/dan/ga among X, between X o'rtalik n centre, middle o'rtacha ad (in) average, medium ORA n interspace, middle, midst NX+ning ~+sida/dan/ga among X NX bilan NY+ning ~+si interspace, distance between X and Y oralik n interval, interspace orala- v.int occupy, populate, frequent
TOMON n side; way (direction) post | NX+ga ~ towards har tomondan from all directions, from all sides tomonli adj | numX ~ X sided tomonlama adj sided, sidedly o'sha yo'l that way qaysi yo'l which way shu yo'l this way ATROF n surroundings, vicinity n | NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga around X around X, about X yaqin atrofda around here TARAF n side (one of two opposite sides) side, party tarafma-taraf opposite, opposing TEVARAK n surroundings, neighbourhood, outskirts NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga in the environs of X tevarak-atrof surroundings, environment CHEKKA n side, edge, surroundings adj surrounding O'RA- v.t wrap up, roll up o'rab ol- surround, encircle o'rab tur- surround, encircle o'ral- v.int | NX bilan ~ be surrounded by X QURSHA- v.t surround qurshal- v.int be surrounded qurshov n surrounding, encircling
27 YON n side (immediate vicinity) NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga near X, beside X on X, with X yonma-yon side by side yonlab adv | NX+ni ~ along the edge of X, by the side of X yondosh adj | NX+ga ~ adjacent to X, next to X parallel YONBOSH n side yonboshla- v.int lie on one's side YONDOSH- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X, approach X, come near X YOQ n side bu/u yoq+da/dan/qa here, there u yoq bu yoqqa here and there YOQA n edge, bank yoqala- v.t walk along, go along BERI adv near, close NX+dan ~+da/dan/ga this side of X NARI adv over there NX+dan ~+da/dan/ga beyond X, over X LAB n bank, ridge, edge YAQIN adj | NX+ga ~ near by X, close to X adj | numX+ga ~ close to X, about X, approximately X NX+ning yaqin+ida/dan/ga near X bir-biriga ~ keltir- bring closer yaqindagi the one nearby yaqindan directly, intimately yaqinlik n closeness, proximity yaqinlash- v.int | NX+ga ~ come near X, get nearer, approach X yaqinlashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ put X near to Y, move X near to Y QO'SHNI n neighbour qo'shnichilik n neighbourhood ZICH ad dense(ly), thick(ly), compact(ly) close(ly), tight(ly) zichlik n density closeness JIPS ad close(ly), tight(ly) jipslash- v.int squeeze up, merge G'UJ adj clustered, piled up SIYRAK ad sparse(ly) rare(ly), seldom YIROQ adj | NX+dan ~ far from X, distant, remote yiroqlik n remoteness, distance yiroqlash- v.int | NX+dan ~ move away from X, go far away from X yiroqlashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ move away X from Y, take away X from Y UZOQ adj | NX+dan ~ far from X, distant long (time) uzoqda in the distance, far away, far off uzoqdagi far, distant uzoqdan from a distance uzoqlik n remoteness, distance uzoqla- v.int | NX+dan ~ move away from X, go far away from X uzoqlash- v.int | NX+dan ~ move away from X, go far away from X uzoqlashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ move away X from Y OLIS adj far, distant olisda (very) far away, far off olisla- v.int | NX+dan ~ go far away from X MASOFA n | NX bilan NY orasidagi ~ distance between X and Y
28
OLD n front, front part NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga in front of X, before X, in presence of X oldinda in front oldinga ahead, forwards oldingi adj front OLG'A adv forward(s) QOSH n eyebrows NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga in presence of X, in front of X HUZUR n presence NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga in presence of X ORQA n back, back part NX+ning ~+sida/dan/ga behind X ~+da/dan/ga behind / from behind / backward(s) orqadagi behind KET n back, back part NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga behind X ORT n back NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga behind X ortqi adj back QARSHI adj opposite qarshima-qarshi opposite each other TESKARI ad inside out, upside down teskarisi(ga) inside out CHAP adj, n left chap tomon+da/dan/ga on the left chap qo'l left hand (side) SO'L adj left O'NG adj, n right o'ng tomon+da/dan/ga on the right o'ng qo'l right hand (side) KO'NDALANG adv across, crosswise post | NX+ga ~ across X
UST n top, surface NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga on (top of) X in addition to X about X ustki adj upper, on the top OST n lower part, bottom NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga under X ostki adj lower ostin-ustin qil- pile one on top of another turn upside down UZRA post | NX ~ at X, on X, above X TEPA n peak, top NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga on the top of X, above X tepada upstairs tepalik n uphill TAG n bottom, lowest part root, basis, substance, essence NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga under X, beneath X BALAND ad high
29 PAST adj low n bottom pastda below; downstairs pastdagi bottom, lower, below pastlik n downhill pastki adj bottom, lower, below YUQORI n top, highest part adj high (fig.) yuqorida above yuqoridagi above YUKSAK adj high (l/f) yuksaklik n height QUYI n, adj lower; bottom, lowest part TUBAN adj low (l/f) QIRRA n edge, ridge, facet top, peak UCH n point, end, extremity
BOSH n head beginning, source OSHA post | NX ~ through X, getting through X qarab post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X towards X, in direction of X SARI post | NX ~ towards X X after X(=time unit) bo'yicha post | NX ~ throughout X, all over X, all along X in accordance with X, in connection with X oralab adv throughout, all over, all along QADAR post | NX+ga ~ up to X, to X, as far as X until X, till X, up to X
SHARQ n east sharqiy adj eastern, oriental G'ARB n west g'arbiy adj western, occidental SHIMOL n north shimoliy adj northern JANUB n south janubiy adj southern janubi-g'arb south-west janubi-sharq south-east shimoli-g'arb north-west shimoli-sharq north-east
30 Time and Duration
VAQT n time o'z vaqtida on time, in time vaqt+i bor have time vaqt+i yo'q have no time har vaqt everytime bu/shu/u vaqtda at this/that time bir vaqtda bo'ladigan simultaneous NX+ga vaqt ket- X take time vaqtli adj early temporary bevaqt adj not at the right time, premature vaqtincha adv temporarily BARVAQT adj early in advance CHOG' n time bu/shu/u chog'da at this/that time N(gan)X chog'+ida when X ZAMON n time, moment ne zamon when bir zamonlar formerly, at some time zamonaviy adj contemporary, modern zamonaviylik n modernity zamonaviylashtir- v.t modernize zamondosh n contemporay DAVR n time, epoch, era davriy adj periodic ERA n era KEZ n time, moment kezi kelganda some time PAYT n moment, time (quite short) bu/shu/u paytda at this/that moment DAQIQA n minute, (short) moment DAM n moment, minute bir dam a moment, a minute dam-badam continually, incessantly BIRPAS n moment, instant bir pas a moment, a minute bir pasdan keyin in a moment, in a short time, shortly LAHZA bir lahza a moment, a minute bir lahzada bo'ladigan instantaneous MUDDAT n time, period of time, date, time limit muddatda on time muddat+idan oldin before the set time muddatli adj with a period of qisqa muddatli short term uzoq muddatli long term muddatsiz adj unlimited ORA n interspace, middle, midst interval of time, period of time shu orada at that time ICH n interior, inside numX Y ichida for X Y(=time unit), in X Y MOBAYNIDA post | numX Y ~ within (the space of) X Y(=time unit)
31 SIKL n cycle O'T- v.int pass pass (time) o'tgan adj past, last (unit of time) o'tkaz- v.t spend (time, holiday) v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ make X pass through Y o'tkiz- v.t lead past O'TMISH adj, n past (from the past) o'tmishda in the past MUHLAT n time limit, term muhlatli adj with a time limit, determined muhlatsiz adj unlimited
HOZIR adj | ~ (bo'l-) be present, be ready adv now, at present, currently just now (in the past) hozirgina just now (in the past) hozircha adv temporarily, for the moment hozirgi adj present, current, contemporary, modern hozirgi davr present time, modern time hozirgi vaqt present time, modern time hozirgi zamon present time, modern time ENDI adv now, just now endigina just now, only now endilikda at present, currently HALI adv still; not yet (with neg.) just now (in the past) BOYA adv recently, just now (in the past) o'shanda then o'shandan beri since then KEL- v.int come, approach, arrive (here) KELASI adj next (unit of time) KELAJAK n, adj future kelajakda in future KELGUSI adj next (unit of time), future BO'LAJAK adj future ISTIQBOL n prospect, future DARROV adv at once, immediately DARHOL adv immediately, at once tez orada soon tez kunda soon YAQIN adj | NX+ga ~ near by X, close to X yaqindagi the one nearby the next one yaqinda soon, shortly (in the future) recently (in the past) yaqindan beri for a short time (in the past) yaqin orada shortly, before long (in the future) yaqin vaqt ichida shortly, before long (in the future) ANCHA n a long time anchadan beri for a long time (in the past) UZOQ adj | NX+dan ~ long (time) uzoq o'tgan zamonda once upon a time, a long time ago uzoq vaqtdan beri for a long time UZAY- v.int lengthen, extend uzaytir- v.t lengthen, extend
32 QISQA adj short (space and time) OZ adj few, small (quantity) ozmuncha adv a little, a while
KALENDAR n calendar MILOD n beginning of Christian era miloddan burun B.C. miloddan keyin A.D. ASR n century, age o'rta asrlar middle ages asriy adj age-old asrdosh n contemporary MUCHAL n cycle of 12 years, used to calculate age YIL n year yil bo'yi all year long yildan yilga from year to year har yilgi annual, yearly bu yil(+i) this year kelasi yil(+i) next year o'n yil decade o'tgan yil(+i) last year yangi yil new year yillik n anniversary adj | numX ~ X years' long FASL n season MAVSUM n season, time mavsumiy adj seasonal BAHOR n spring bahori adj for spring bahorgi adj spring KO'KLAM n early spring YOZ n summer yozlik adj for summer yozgi adj summer KUZ n autumn kuzlik adj for autumn kuzgi adj autumnal QISH n winter qishlik adj for winter qishki adj winter qishin-yozin all the year round KVARTAL n quarter OY n moon month bu oy this month kelasi oy next month o'tgan oy last month oyma-oy monthly oylik adj monthly n monthly salary YANVAR n January FEVRAL n February MART n March APREL n April
33 MAY n May IYUN n June IYUL n July AVGUST n August SENTABR n September OKTABR n October NOYABR n November DEKABR n December CHILLA n a period of 40 days (esp. after birth, wedding) yoz chillasi the 40 warmest days in summer qish chillasi the 40 coldest days in winter CHISLO n day of the month, date n | numX+inchi chislo (NY) (Y(=month)) the Xth SANA n date, year TARIX n history date tarixli adj | numX+inchi NY ~ (dated) Y(=month) the Xth HAFTA n week bu hafta this week hafta oxiri week-end kelasi hafta next week o'tgan hafta last week haftalik adj weekly SHANBA n Saturday YAKSHANBA n Sunday otdix kuni Sunday DUSHANBA n Monday SESHANBA n Tuesday CHORSHANBA n Wednesday PAYSHANBA n Thursday JUMA n Friday KUN n day time, days, life sun kun bo'yi all day kuni bilan all day NX kuni on X(=day of the week) avvalgi kun the day before yesterday birisi kuni the day after tomorrow ilgarigi kun the day before yesterday bir kuni one day har kuni everyday kunda adv in the day, daily, per day kundalik adj daily kunli adj daily KUNDUZ n day, daytime kunduzi during the day kunduzgi adj daytime TUN n night yarim tun midnight tuna- v.int pass the night tungi adj night o'tgan tun last night
34 TONG n dawn, daybreak tong payti at dawn tong ot- day break tong otishi at dawn ERTA ad early n morning erta bilan in the morning ERTALAB n, adv (in the) morning ertalabki adj morning, early AZON n dawn, early morning SAHAR n early morning (before dawn) saharda before dawn saharlab before dawn erta-kech day and night ertadan kechgacha from early morning till late at night PESHIN n midday, noon peshindan ilgari (at) forenoon, (in the) morning peshindan keyin (in the) afternoon TUSH n midday, noon tushda at noon tush vaqti noon tushdan keyin (in the) afternoon tushki adj noon tushki payt afternoon KECH ad late n, adv (in the) evening kechki adj evening, late kechki payt (in the) evening KECHQURUN n, adv (in the) evening kechqurungi adj evening OQSHOM n, adv (in the) evening, sunset KECHA n night yarim kecha midnight kechasi adv at night kechalik adj night kecha-kunduz night and day
o'tgan kuni the day before yesterday KECHA n night n, adv yesterday kecha ertalab yesterday morning kechasi n, adj last night ARAFA n eve (of the end of Ramadan or other day) BUGUN n, adv today bugun ertalab this morning bugun kechqurun this evening bugungi adj today's bu kechasi tonight ERTA n morning tomorrow ertaga n, adv tomorrow ertaga ertalab tomorrow morning ertaga kechasi tomorrow night ERTASIGA adv the day after tomorrow, the next day / ERTASI
35 bugun-erta today or tomorrow INDIN n the day after tomorrow indinga adv the day after tomorrow erta-indin in a day or two
SOAT n hour clock, watch ~ numX it is X o'clock ~ numX+da at X o'clock ~ numX+dan numYta o'tdi it is Y past X ~ numX+dan numY minut o'tdi it is Y past X ~ numX+dan numYta o'tganda ~ numX+dan numY minut at Y past X o'tganda ~ numYta kam numX at Y past X ~ numY minuti kam numX ~ numYta kam numX+da it is Y to X ~ numY minuti kam numX+da it is Y to X ~ numX yarim at Y to X ~ numX yarimda at Y to X adj it is half past X at half past X soatli hourly MINUT n minute minutli adj (in minutes) DAQIQA n minute minute, (short) moment SEKUND n second sekundli adj in seconds SONIYA n second
36 Events and Evolution
BO'L- v.int be, come into being, happen v.int | NX/AX ~ become X, get X NX/AX ~+ib qol- become X, get X QOL- v.int remain, stay v.int | VX+ib ~ get X (with changed state, suddenly) qoloq adj backward KET- v.int go, leave v.int | VX+ib ~ get X, start to X (intensive, unforseen) v.int | VX+a ~ start to X (intensive) O'ZGAR- v.int change, alter o'zgarish change, transformation o'zgarmas constant, invariable o'zgart- v.t change, alter o'zgartir- v.t change, alter replace, substitute o'zgartirish change, transformation AYLAN- v.int | NX+ga ~ turn into X, change into X aylantir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ turn X into Y, transform X into Y O'RIN NX+ning o'rn+ini bos- replace X, take the place of X (o'rn+i) ALMASH- v.int alternate, follow one another almashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ change X for Y, exchange X(= money, etc.) for Y AYIRBOSH n exchange NX+ni ayirbosh qil- change X, replace X NX+ni NY+ga ayirbosh qil- exchange X for Y BARQAROR adj stable, constant established, fixed barqarorlashtir- v.t stabilize
ERGASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ follow X ORQA n back, back part NX+ning orqa+sidan bor- follow X IZ n track, trace, footprint, spoor NX+ning ~+idan bor- follow X izma-iz one after the other ketma-ket one after another OLDIN adv first, first of all N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ (Y(=time duration)) before X bundan NX ~ X(=time duration) ago oldinda previously, earlier oldindan in advance, earlier oldingi adj previous, earlier oldingi davrda a long time ago oldingi vaqtda a long time ago oldingi zamonda a long time ago ILGARI adv formerly forward N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ (Y(=time duration)) before X adv | bundan NX ~ X(=time duration) ago ilgari bol- come before, be in front ilgarila- v.int progress, go ahead ilgarigi adj previous, earlier
37 BURUN adv formerly adv | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ (Y(=time duration)) before X adv | bundan NX ~ adv X(=time duration) ago burundan adj first, firstly burungi previous, former, prior AVVAL adv first, firstly N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ (Y(=time duration)) before X bundan NX ~ X(=time duration) ago avvalo adv first, firstly avvalgi adj previous, earlier ILK adj first, initial DASTLAB adv first dastlabki adj initial, primary bir yo'la simultaneously KEYIN adv after, afterwards, later on post | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ (Y(=time duration)) after X
keyinda X(=time duration) after keyindan following, next, later adv (somewhat) later on keyinchalik adj subsequently, afterwards keyingi following, next, later SO'NG n end, finish post | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ X(=time duration) after (Y(=time duration)) before X so'ngsiz adj endless so'nggi adj last, ultimate SO'NGRA post | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ X(=time duration) after
(Y(=time duration)) after X NAVBAT n turn queue, line navbatdagi following, next BOSH n head beginning, source boshida at first, at the beginning boshidan from the start boshla- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ begin, start X with Y v.int | VX+a ~ start to X N(gani)X+dan boshlab since X, from X boshlov n beginning, starting boshlovchi n beginner (TV, radio) host guide boshlan- v.int begin, start boshlang'ich adj initial, primary aslan adv originally, at first AZALDAN adv all through the ages, always kirish- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ set about X, start Xing TUSH- v.int go down, descend v.int | NX+ga ~ fall to X, start X BERI post | N(gani)X+dan ~ since X, from X for the last X(=time duration) BUYON post | NX+dan ~ ever since X for the last X(=time duration)
38 bo'yicha post | NX ~ throughout X, all over X, all along X in accordance with X, in connection with X post | N(gani)X ~ ever since X bo'ylab post | NX ~ over the whole length/period DAVOM n continuation n | NX ~+ida for X(=time duration), in X's time davom et-/qil- continue NX davom et- last for X(=time duration) NX+ni davom ettir- continue X davomli adj prolonged, lengthy UZLUKSIZ ad continuous(ly), uninterrupted(ly) MUTTASIL adj continuous, uninterrupted tinimsiz adv without respite, continuously, incessantly oldi-keti from beginning to end, altogether YOT- v.int lie, lie down VX+ib ~+ib be Xing (progressive) TUR- v.int stand VX+ib ~+a keep Xing (habitual, repetitive) VX+ib ~+ib keep Xing (progressive, momentarily) YUR- v.int move (forward), go (forward) VX+ib ~+ib keep Xing, continue to X VX+ib ~+a usually do X, regularly KEL- v.int come, approach, arrive (here) v.int | VX+ib ~ persisting to X, continuing to X BER- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ give X to Y, grant X to Y v.int | VX+a ~ / VX+aver- persisting to X, continuing to X HALI adv still; not yet (with neg.) just now (in the past) hali ham still HAMON adv still, not yet (with neg.) adv | VX+gan ~ as soon as X HANUZ adv still, not yet (with neg.) hanuzgacha until now, so far SARI post | NX ~ X after X(=time unit) VX+gan+i ~ VY the more X the more Y borgan sari VX more and more X TARAQQIY adj developing, progressing taraqqiy qil-/et- develop, progress, advance taraqqiy qildir-/ettir- (cause to) develop taraqqiyot n development, progress, advancement taraqqiylash- v.int develop PROGRESS n progress BOSQICH n level, degree stage, phase AVJ n climax, high point avj ol- reach its climax KAMOLOT n maturity, perfection / KAMOL development, evolution EVOLYUTSIYA n evolution RIVOJ n development rivojlan- v.int develop rivojlanish development rivojlantir- v.t develop
39 ilgarila- v.int progress, go ahead ILG'OR adj advanced, leading; outstanding TANAZZUL n regression, decline INQIROZ n decline, decay inqirozga uchra- decline, decay SUSAY- v.int lag behind, decline, diminish, slow down susayish decline, depression, decay susaytir- v.t weaken QAYT- v.int decline, fade BOR- VX+ib ~ Xing, progressing uninterruptedly bora-bora gradually BIRDAN adv suddenly birdaniga suddenly BEXOS adj sudden bexosdan suddenly, unexpectedly TO'SATDAN adv suddenly, unexpectedly, abruptly DAF'ATAN adv suddenly hash-pash deguncha in a flash, suddenly KO'CH- v.int move, migrate (boshqa) NX+ga ~ shift to (another) X, switch to X TO'XTA- v.int stop wait, stay, stop a while to'xtab qol- stop, crash v.int | VX+ishdan ~ stop Xing to'xtash n stop to'xtat- v.t (cause to) stop, halt, interrupt NX+ni to'xtatib qo'y- (cause to) stop X, interrupt X to'xtovsiz ad constantly, incessantly; perpetual, non-ending TIN- v.int stop tinmay uninterruptedly tinish n stopping place, pause QADAR post | NX+ga ~ up to X, to X, as far as X until X, till X, up to X OXIR n, adj end, finish, conclusion; last, final NX+ning ~+ida at the end of X oxiri at last oxirgi adj last AXIR adv at last, finally ~, CX! at last, X!, well then, X!, so, X! TUGA- v.int be finished, be completed tugat- v.t finish, complete liquidate, wipe out graduate from, finish (school) TUGAL adj complete tugalla- v.t eliminate, eradicate, finish off tugallan- v.int get finished BIT- v.int be finished, be completed bitir- v.t finish, complete VX+ib ~ finish X bitkaz- v.t finish, complete
40 TAMOM n end, finish total, whole tamom bo'l- be finished, be completed tamom qil- finish, complete tamomiyla adv completely, utterly batamom adv completely, totally tamomla- v.t finish, complete tamoman adv completely, totally XOTIMA n end, conclusion NX+ga ~ ber- end, finish, complete OYOQ n extremity, end, completion
MARTA n time (occurence of an event/action) MAHAL n time (occurence in time) GAL n time (occurence in time) bu gal this time DAF'A n time (occurence in time) bu daf'a this time SAFAR n time (occurence in time) bu safar this time BIR adv once, just qaytar- v.t cause to go back, turn back repeat QAYTA adv again, anew, afresh qaytadan again qayta-qayta over and over again, repeatedly qaytala- v.t repeat qaytalan- v.int be repeated, happen again yangidan adv again, anew, afresh yangicha adv anew, in a new way / yangichasida TAKROR adv again (and again), repeatedly takror-takror repeatedly, over and over takroriy adj repetitive takrorla- v.t repeat takrorlan- v.int repeat YANA adv again more, another yanada adv again and again BOSHQATDAN adv again TAG'IN adv again SAYIN post | NX ~ every X(=time unit) DOIM adv always, continually; constantly, very often har doim all the time, always har doimgidek as always, as usual doimo adv always doimiy adj permanent HAMISHA adv all the time, always hamma vaqt always har vaqt everytime tez-tez frequently, often tez-tez VX+ib tur- frequently, often
41 KO'P adj many, plenty, a lot of adv very, very much often ko'pincha adv mostly, most often often ABAD n eternity to abad for all eternity abadiy ad eternal(ly), permanent(ly) forever abadiylashtir- v.t perpetuate, immortalize abadiyat n immortality, eternity MANGU ad eternal(ly), everlasting forever mangulik n eternity UMRBOD adv lifelong, for life, forever TUR- v.int stand VX+ib ~+a keep Xing (habitual, repetitive) VX+ib ~+ib keep Xing (progressive, momentarily) YUR- v.int move (forward), go (forward) VX+ib ~+ib keep Xing, continue to X VX+ib ~+a usually do X, regularly O'TIR- v.int sit, sit down v.int | VX+ib ~ continue to X (for some time) BA'ZAN adv sometimes, occasionally ba'zi vaqtda sometimes, occasionally GOH adv sometimes / GOHO ~ CX, ~ CY sometimes X, sometimes Y goh-goh sometimes, occasionally, from time to time ora-sira occasionally, from time to time ahyon-ahyonda occasionally, from time to time o'qtin-o'qtin from time to time ALLAQACHON adv already, long ago hech qachon never (with neg.) SIRA adv (with neg.) never
SUR'AT n speed, tempo TEZ ad quick(ly), fast, speedy tezda quickly tezdan in immediate future, urgently tez bo'l- hurry up tez-tez quickly, fast frequently, often tezlik n speed tezlik bilan immediately tezla- v.int quicken, speed up, accelerate tezlashtir- v.t quicken, speed up, accelerate tezlat- v.t quicken, speed up, accelerate tezkor adj quick, deft, efficient, effective ILDAM adv quickly, rapidly, fast ASTA adv slowly, quietly, gradually asta-asta very slowly astalik n slowness
42 SEKIN ad slow(ly), quiet(ly) sekin-sekin very slowly, quietly sekinlik n slowness sekinla- v.int slow down sekinlashtir- v.t slow down sekinlat- v.t slow down asta-sekin very quietly, gradually OHISTA adv slowly, gradually tinch ad quiet(ly), peaceful(ly), calm(ly) tinchlik n quietness, calmness tinchsiz adj restless, not quiet notinch adj restless, not quiet JIM ad quiet(ly), still, silent JIMJIT adj very quiet, still, silent / JIM-JIT jimjitlik n quietness, stillness, silence SOKIN adj still, silent sokinlik n stillness, silence SUKUNAT n silence, stillness sukunatli adj silent, still JADAL n speed, quickness adj quick, fast, speeded-up jadallik n speed, quickness jadalla- v.int speed up, accelerate SHOSH- v.int hurry, hasten, rush shoshish haste shoshib qol- get hurried shoshil- v.int hurry, hasten shoshilish urgency, emergency shoshilishda hurriedly, hastily shoshilinch n, ad urgent(ly) hurried(ly); hurry shoshilinchda in haste shoshiltir- v.t hasten, speed up shoshir- v.t hasten, speed up shoshtir- v.t press shoshib-pishib in a hurry OSHIQ- v.int hurry pik vaqti rush hour
ERTA ad early n morning ertagi adj early, precocious vaqtli adj early BARVAQT adj early ILK adj first, initial early KECH ad late kech bo'l- be late kech qol- be late KECHIK- v.int | NX+ga ~ be late for X(=action) v.int | NX ~ be delayed X(=duration) kechikib VX be late Xing kechikish delay kechiktir- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ delay, postpone X until Y o'z vaqtida on time, in time
43 orqada qol- be slow oldinga yur- be fast
YANGI adj new, fresh yap-yangi very new, very fresh yangilik n new thing, novelty yangila- v.t renew, replace yangilan- v.int be renewed, be replaced ESKI adj old, ancient eskilik n oldness, ancientness eskir- v.int get old, worn-out, out-of-date eskirib qol- have become worn, outdated eskirt- v.t wear out (clothes) eskicha adj old-fashioned, out-of-date eski-tuski old and shabby, worn-out QADIM n antiquity qadimdan from ancient times qadim(gi) zamon ancient times qadimgi adj ancient asriy adj age-old tengdosh adj | NX bilan ~ the same age as X MODA n fashion modadagi fashionable, in fashion modadan chiqqan out-of-date, old-fashioned TARIX n history date tarixiy adj historic, historical yilnoma n annals, chronicles
44 Forces and Motion Motion
HARAKAT n movement, move action harakatga kel- move, set off harakatga keltir- move, set in motion harakatsiz adj motionless, immobile harakatsizlik n immobility harakatlan- v.int move, be in motion harakatlantir- v.t move, set in motion harakatchan adj moving, mobile harakatchanlik n mobility SILJI- v.int move, change place siljit- v.t move QO'ZG'A- v.t arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause move, shift qo'zg'al- v.int move, surge, set off QIMIRLA- v.int move, sway qimirlat- v.t move, sway SUR- v.t move, change place; drive suril- v.int be moved, move g'ir-g'ir twirling around, all over the place SILKIT- v.t shake / SILKI- silkin- v.int quake, vibrate TITRA- v.int shake, shiver titrat- v.t shake, cause to shiver DIRILLA- v.int shake, tremble, flutter LARZA n shaking, trembling NX+ni ~+ga kel- shake, tremble larzangla- v.int shake, tremble QALTIRA- v.int | NX+dan ~ shiver with X, tremble from X KO'CH- v.int move, migrate (boshqa) NX+ga ~ shift to (another) X, switch to X ko'chir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ transfer, move, shift X to Y ko'chma adj mobile, on the move YUR- v.int walk, stroll move (forward), go (forward) yurish walk, ride, drive yurgiz- v.t set in motion, drive yurgizuvchi n driver, operator KEZ- v.int wander, roam, stroll
KET- v.int go, leave yo'q bo'lib ket- disappear, vanish v.int | NY uchun NX ~ need to take/spend X for Y ketkaz- v.t drive out, chase away CHIQ- v.int go out, exit leave, set out, depart chiqib ket- go out, leave
45 JO'NA- v.int leave, set off jo'nab ket- depart, set out jo'nab ketish departure jo'nat- v.t send RAVONA ravona bo'l- set off, start out yo'lga tush- set off ULOQ- v.int move away, go away ayril- v.int | NX+dan ~ leave X get separated from X, lose X NX+dan ayrilib ket- leave X AJRA- v.int break up v.int | NX+dan ~ leave X, separate from X QOL- v.int remain, stay v.int | NX+dan ~ lose X(=opportunity, ability) qoldir- v.t leave, put aside NX tushirib ~ leave X, put aside X qoloq adj backward qoldiq n rest, what is left TO'XTA- v.int stop wait, stay, stop a while to'xtat- v.t (cause to) stop, halt, interrupt YO'NAL- v.int | NX+ga ~ advance towards X yo'nalish n direction, trend yo'naltir- v.t guide, steer yoqala- v.t walk along, go along TO'G'RI adj straight adv straight away, directly to'g'ridan-to'g'ri straight away, directly OQ- v.int flow oqib tush- get spilled oqiz- v.t cause to flow, run; spill, upset oqim n stream, flow, course current, trend (l/f) TOSH- v.int overflow, spill out toshib ket- overflow, spill out toshqin n flood, flooding, swamping n | jo'sh ur- seethe, froth, foam (l/f) GIRDOB n whirlpool (l/f) ES- v.int blow (wind) YEL- v.int blow (wind), twirl around HILPIRA- v.int flap, blow (in the wind) tashlan- v.t | NX+ga ~ throw o.s. at/into X OG'- v.int | NX+ga ~ lean over X, incline to X og'ish deviation og'ish- v.int | NX+dan ~ deviate from X, diverge from X og'ishtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ deviate X from Y yuzlan- v.int | NX+ga ~ turn one's face to X, face X AYLAN- v.int turn round; revolve, rotate v.int | NX+ga ~ turn into X, change into X aylanib yur- go for a walk, for a stroll aylanib kel- go for a walk, for a stroll aylana n circle aylantir- v.t turn aylanma adj circular
46 BUR- v.t turn buril- v.int turn, be turned, take a turn bura- v.t twist, screw burama adj spiral, twist QAYIR- v.t twist, wring turn away qayril- v.int turn qayrilma n turning, corner O'GIR- v.t turn YUMALA- v.int roll yumalat- v.t roll yumaloq adj round, circular DUMALA- v.int roll (head over heels), somersault dumalat- v.t roll dumaloq adj round, circular TO'NTAR- v.t turn over
BOR- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X v.int go (and arrive) VX+ib ~ Xing, progressing uninterruptedly boril- v.int | NX+ga ~ go to X (impersonal) KEL- v.int come, approach, arrive (here) kelish arrival, coming kelish- v.int come together v.int | NX+ga ~ agree, reach an agreement on X be suitable, appropriate to X keltir- v.t let come bring, fetch bring about, cause, provoke borish-kelish come and go, round trip YET- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X, arrive to X(=location) v.int | NX+ga kelib ~ arrive to X (here) NX+ga ~+ib kel- arrive to X (here) NX+ga ~+ib bor- get to X, reach X NX+ning orqa+sidan yetib bor- catch X up, overtake X v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ be enough, be sufficient for X yetish- v.int | NX+ga ~ attain X, catch up with X yetkaz- v.t transmit, pass on, convey, deliver yetkazib ber- pass on, deliver ULGUR- v.int | NX+ga ~ get to X, reach X in time TO'QNASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ run into X, collide with X (l/f) chetla- v.t near the limits, boundaries of chetlab o't- flee; evade, elude QAYT- v.int | NX+ga ~ return, turn back qaytib kel- come back qaytib ket- go back qaytish return v.int | NX+dan ~ refrain from X v.int decline, fade qaytar- v.t cause to go back, turn back send back, return repeat
47 O'T- v.int pass v.int | NX+dan ~ pass through X, cross X o'tib ket- pass, cross o'tib kel- pass, cross kesib o't- cross o'tish joyi passage o'tkaz- v.t pass, transmit v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ make X pass through Y o'tkazib qo'y- make / let pass o'tkazib yubor- make / let pass KECH- v.int | NX+dan ~ cross X, step on X, tread on X forgive X give up X, abandon X NX+dan kechib o't- cross X, pass through X kechir- v.t go through, experience kechik n passage KIR- v.int enter come, begin v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X, enter in X(=age) enter X(=organization) kirish n entrance, entry kirish- v.int enter together kirgiz- v.t bring in, lead into, draw into, introduce kirit- v.t let enter, bring in CHIQ- v.int go out, exit leave, set out, depart come out, appear, emerge v.int | NX+ga ~ go up, rise, climb up, ascend X chiqib ket- go out, leave chiqib kel- go out, leave chiqish n exit, way out chiqar- v.t take out, pull out, put out take out, get out, emit, exhale chiqarib ol- take out, extract
CHIQ- v.int go out, exit v.int | NX+ga ~ go up, rise, climb up, ascend X get into X, get on X(=vehicle) balandga chiq- climb up yuqoriga chiq- climb up OSH- v.int | NX+dan ~ go over X, climb over X ko'taril- v.int rise, ascend (l/f) YUKSAL- v.int rise, ascend (l/f) yuksalish elevation, development yuksaltir- v.t raise (l/f) TUSH- v.int go down, descend fall, drop tushib ket- go down tushib kel- come down v.int | NX+dan ~ get off X(=vehicle) v.int | NX+ga ~ get in X, board X(=vehicle) NX+ga ~(+ib qol-) fall in/on X(=bad situation) tushir- v.t cause to descend, (cause to) drop let down, put down, lay down tushirib qo'y- let fall down tushirib yubor- let fall down QO'N- v.int alight (birds), land (planes)
48 YIQIL- v.int fall down, tumble down collapse, be defeated v.int | NX+dan ~ be thrown down by X yiqilib tush- fall down, fall over YIQIT- v.t throw down, cause to fall down topple, defeat QULA- v.int fall, collapse
TUR- v.int stand stay, stop, be (swh), stay (at) dwell, settle down, live (swh), stay (at) v.int | NX+dan ~ stand up, get up, rise from X turg'iz- v.t lift, make rise O'TIR- v.int sit, sit down o'tirish n party, social gathering, meeting o'tirish- v.int sit together O'TQAZ- v.t let sit down / O'TQIZ- n | chordana qur- sit cross-legged tiz cho'k- kneel (down) tizzala- v.int be kneeling ENGASH- v.int bend forward, stoop YOT- v.int lie, lie down settle down, stay (for some nights) yotqiz- v.t lay down lay out, spread out yotiq adj horizontal; leaning to one side, fallen CHALQANCHA adv on one's back chalqanchasiga on one's back
YUR- v.int walk, stroll PIYODA adv on foot piyoda yur- go on foot YAYOV adv on foot QADAM n step, pace qadam bos- step forward qadam qo'y- step forward ODIM n step, pace, stride odimla- v.int step forward BOS- v.t press, push down tread on, run over olg'a bos- step forward, march forward oyoq ost+i underfoot NX+ning oyoq ost+i qil- tread on X YUGUR- v.int run yugurish running, race yugurtir- v.t make run, make run around CHOP- v.int gallop, run chopqir adj swift, fleet-footed SAKRA- v.int jump, leap NX+dan sakrab o't- jump over X sakrash jump, leap IRG'I- v.int jump, throw o.s.
49 HATLA- v.int jump NX+dan hatlab o't- jump over X SAPCHI- v.int throw o.s., leap forward; skip TIRMASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ climb X, clamber up X tirmashib chiq- climb up X O'RMALA- v.int crawl, slither ormalab chiq- crawl, slither SIRG'AN- v.int slip, slide down sirg'anib ket- slip, slide down TOY- v.int slip toyib ket- slip SUZ- v.int swim sail, navigate suzib yur- swim suzish swimming suzuvchi n swimmer SHO'NG'I- v.int dive UCH- v.int fly uchish flight uchib ket- fly away uchir- v.t let fly, launch uchqich n (aero)plane PARVOZ n flight parvoz qil- fly HAYDA- v.t drive (vehicle) drive away, expel plough haydovchi n driver
yo'l(ni) ko'rsat- show the way yo'l(ni) ko'rsatib bor- guide KUZAT- v.t see off, accompany, send off kuzatib qo'y- see off, accompany, send off kuzatil- v.int be accompanied UZAT- v.t accompany, send off, see off uzatil- v.int be accompanied ERGASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ follow X ergashuvchi n follower NX+ning orqa+sidan bor- follow X IZ n track, trace, footprint, spoor NX+ning ~+idan bor- follow X NX+ning ~+iga tush- follow the tracks of X, pursue X QUV- v.t follow, chase quvib yet- catch up quvib o'tib ket- overtake, pass quvla- v.t chase, pursue quvlab yet- overtake, pass O'Z- v.int | NX+dan ~ overtake X NX+dan ~+ib ket- overtake X, get ahead of X YET- NX+ga ~+ib bor- catch X up, overtake X QOCH- v.int | NX+dan ~ flee X, run away from X NX+dan ~+ib ket- escape X, evade X
50 OL- v.t take NX+ni olib bor- take X, take X away, take X to NX+ni olib kel- bring X NX+ni olib ket- take X, take X away boshla- NX+ga ~+b bor- take, take to X keltir- v.t bring, fetch TASHI- v.t carry, transport transfer, move across tashib keltir- carry, bring tashib ket- carry away tashil- v.int be carried, transported, transfered ELT- v.t carry, take, contain ko'chir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ transfer, move, shift X to Y v.t copy (writing) ko'chiruvchilik n transportation, deportation UZAT- v.t pass, hand over, give uzatib yubor- pass o'tkaz- v.t pass, transmit YUBOR- v.t send jo'nat- v.t send
51 Forces and Effects
KUCH n strength, power,force NX+ga kuch+i yet- be in one's power to X kuchli adj strong, powerful kuchlilik n strength kuchsiz adj weak, powerless kuchsizlik n weakness kuchsizlan- v.int get weaker kuchsizlantir- v.t weaken kuchay- v.int gain strength kuchaytir- v.t strengthen, intensify kuchan- v.int strain kuchanish tension, strain, stress QUVVAT n power, strength quvvatli adj powerful, strong baquvvat adj strong, robust quvvatsiz adj powerless, weak bequvvat adj powerless, weak kamquvvat adj weak, not very powerful quvvatla- v.t strengthen kuch-quvvat power, strength QUDRAT n power, might qudratli adj powerful, mighty ZO'R n force, might, strength adj forceful, strong, intense, weighty zo'ray- v.int strengthen, intensify ZAIF adj weak, feeble (l/f) zaiflik n weakness, feebleness zaiflash- v.int get weaker, more feeble nimjon adj weak, feeble ENERGIYA n energy VATT meas watt KILOVATT meas kilowatt bosil- v.int be pressed, covered, oppressed bosim n pressure QATTIQ adj solid, firm hard (l/f) strong, intense qattiqla- v.t intensify SHIDDAT n intensity, fierceness shiddatli adj intense, fierce keskin adj tense, sharp, fierce keskinlik n tension REAKSIYA n reaction MUVOZANAT n balance, equilibrium SUYA- v.t prop up, support NY+ni NX+ga suyab qo'y- lean Y on/against X suyan- v.int | NX+ga ~ lean on/against X (l/f) suyanch n support (of action) ko'tarib tur- prop up, support
52 TAYA- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ lean X on/against Y tayan- v.int | NX+ga ~ lean on/against X rely on X tayanch n support (of action) TIRA- v.t prop up, support NX+ni NY+ga tirab qo'y- lean X on/against Y TIRGOVUCH n prop, support, stake ishla- v.int function, work ishlab tur- (keep) function(ing), work(ing) YUR- v.int function, work yurib tur- (keep) function(ing), work(ing)
53 Processes
TUT- v.t hold, keep (l/f) catch, seize, grab, grasp touch, use, move occupy (place, location) hold to, carry through tutib ol- catch, take tutib tur- hold, keep tutil- v.int be caught, be held USHLA- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ hold X by Y, seize X by Y ushlab ol- catch, grab ushlab tur- hold, sustain, support ushlan- v.int hold (up), be seized ushlanib tut- hold ILIN- v.int get caught OL- v.t take obtain, get, acquire qo'lga ol- seize, grab olin- v.int be taken, be obtained oldir- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ cause Y to take / get X BOS- bosib ol- grab, seize, capture, conquer TER- v.t pick up, pick, collect terib ol- pick up teril- v.int be picked up terim n picking, gathering UZ- v.t pick (and break the stem) KO'TAR- v.t lift, raise, pick up bear, endure, stand ko'tarib yur- bear, carry ko'taril- v.int rise, ascend (l/f) ko'tarma adj rising, steep yukla- v.t | NY+ni NX+ga ~ load Y on to X; overload X with Y yuklan- v.int | NX+ga ~ be loaded on to X; be overloaded with X ko'chir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ transfer, move, shift X to Y TASHI- v.t carry, transport tashil- v.int be carried, transported, transfered TASHLA- v.t throw, throw away abandon, cast aside olib tashla- remove NX+ga ~ throw o.s. at/into X OT- v.t throw, cast, fling fire (weapon), shoot otil- v.int be thrown, be cast uloqtir- v.t throw, cast irg'it- v.t throw off, cast off QO'Y- v.t put, set put forward, give olib qo'y- put down, set down, lay down qo'yib yubor- drop SOL- v.t put, place
54 joylashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ find a place for X in Y, put X in Y joylashtirib qo'y- install, place o'rnashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ find a place for X in Y, put X in Y tushir- v.t cause to descend, (cause to) drop let down, put down, lay down qo'lga tushir- catch QUY- v.t, v.int pour, pour out TO'K- v.t pour out; empty to'kib yubor- shed to'kil- v.int spill, get spilled OQ- oqib tush- get spilled SHIM- v.t absorb, soak up AG'DAR- v.t turn over, upset ag'darma adj inside out, upside down OS- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ hang (up) X on Y, suspend X on Y NX+ni NY+ga osib qo'y- hang (up) X on Y osil- v.int | NX+ga ~ hang (up) on X NX+ga osilib tur- hang (up) on X osma adj hanging, suspended osig'lik adj hanging, suspended IL- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ hang (up) X on Y NX+ni NY+ga ilib qo'y- hang (up) X on Y BOT- v.int | NX+ga ~ sink in X, go down botir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ sink X into Y, soak X in Y CHO'K- v.int | NX+ga ~ sink in X v.int kneel down, squat down NX+ga ~+ib ket- be deep in X, be lost in X(=thoughts) cho'ktir- v.t drown / cho'kir- lower kirgiz- v.t bring in, lead into, draw into, introduce chiqar- v.t take out, pull out, put out chiqarib ol- take out, extract chiqaril- v.int be taken out, be extracted TORT- v.t pull, drag attract, draw (l/f) tortib ol- extract, take out tortib chiqar- pull out, draw out tortma n drawer SUG'UR- v.t extract, pull out, draw out YUL- v.t pull out, pull up SUDRA- v.t drag sudral- v.int be dragged, drag o.s. ITAR- v.t push push away, repel TURT- v.t nudge, give a push, shove turtki n push, impulse, impetus PAYPASLA- v.t grope, feel / PIYPASLA- TEG- v.int | NX+ga ~ touch X, come into contact with X hit X, hit (and wound X) v.int | NY+ga NX ~ (Y) receive X, (Y) get X tegiz- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ let X touch Y, allow X to touch Y
55 UR- v.t beat, strike hit, knock uril- v.int bang o.s. TEP- v.t kick v.int beat tepkila- v.t kick out, give a beating ZARB n blow, strike / ZARBA NX+ga ~ ber- strike a blow at X zarba ye- be struck (a blow) TAQILLA- v.int be knocked (smoothly) taqillat- v.t knock (smoothly) SHARAQ n rattle sharaqla- v.t rattle SAVA- v.t beat, lash, scutch savala- v.t beat, whip QOQ- v.t knock (door), beat (drum), pat hammer, drive in shake off, shake out, flap qoqib kirgiz- drive in qoqil- v.int be knocked, beaten, shaken QADA- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ knock X, hammer X into Y press X to Y, press X against Y sew X(=button) on Y SHAPALOQ n slap (in the face) shapaloq ur- struck a slap in the face shapaloq ye- get a slap in the face CHAPAK n clapping, applause chapak chal- clap, applaud BOS- v.t press, push down print pile up, stack tread on, run over cover, spread over oppress, overcome calm down, quiet down bosib tashla- crush, flatten bosil- v.int be pressed, covered, oppressed bosim n pressure IZ n track, trace, footprint, spoor EZ- v.t crush, squeeze oppress, repress ezil- v.int be crushed, be squeezed QIS- v.t press, pinch, squeeze qisil- v.int be pressed, be squeezed SIQ- v.t squeeze, grip tightly, wring out JIPS ad close(ly), tight(ly) jipsla- v.t squeeze, grip tightly jipslash- v.int squeeze up, merge OLG'IR adj grasping, gripping CHAQ- v.t crack QIRSILLA- v.int crackle, crunch
56 bura- v.t twist, screw wind up bural- v.int get twisted burma n fold QAYIR- v.t twist, wring TAX n fold taxla- v.t fold G'IJIM adj crumpled, creased g'ijimla- v.t crumple, crease EG- v.t bend, bow egil- v.int bend, bow egilmaydigan rigid, stiff egiluvchan adj flexible, pliable EGRI adj bent, crooked egri-bugri crooked, twisted BUK- v.t bend; fold bukil- v.int bend, be folded bukiluvchan adj supple, pliable bukla- v.t fold bukim n fold ESH- v.t twist (thread) UZAT- v.t stretch out INTIL- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach out for X, stretch for X CHO'Z- v.t stretch out, draw out stretch, prolong cho'zil- v.int stretch, stretch out cho'ziluvchan adj elastic cho'ziq adj stretched out, elongated TARANG adj tight, taut BO'SH adj weak, without substance; loose bo'shash- v.int soften, lose strength bo'shashtir- v.t soften bo'shat- v.t relax, slacken, loosen bo'shatib yubor- slacken, loosen SHISH- v.int swell shishib ket- swell shishir- v.t swell BO'RT- v.int swell bo'rtib ket- swell bo'rttir- v.t swell YOY- v.t spread out, spread (l/f) yoyil- v.int be spread out, be spread yoyiq adj spread, strewed SURKA- v.t rub, wipe, smear polish v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ spread X on Y, smear X on Y ISHQALA- v.t rub ishqalan- v.int rub o.s. QASHLA- v.t scratch qashlan- v.int scratch (o.s.) SANCH- v.t stab, prick sanchil- v.int get stabbed, get pricked TESH- v.t drill, make hole teshil- v.int get a hole teshik n hole, opening
57 KAVAK n hole, cavity, crack KAVLA- v.t dig, stir CHUQUR n pit, hole chuqur qazi- dig a hole, a pit chuqur kavla- dig a hole, a pit chuqurlik n pit O'Y- v.t dig deeper, drill, engrave o'yma n carving, engraving QAZI- v.t dig, excavate qazib chiqar- extract, eject KO'M- v.t bury, plant bury (corpse) cover ko'mil- v.int be buried, covered
SIN- v.int break, be fractured sindir- v.t break, fracture siniq adj broken, shattered n fragment siniqlik n fragment BUZ- v.t break, destroy, demolish, ruin spoil, corrupt upset buzib qo'y- spoil, break, demolish buzil- v.int be broken, destroyed, ruined, out of order be spoilt, corrupted buzuq adj broken, spoilt, out of order unprincipled, dissolute, licentious parchala- v.t split, break up, crumble parchalan- v.int split, disintegrate burdala- v.t break up, tear to pieces BOS- bosib qol- collapse, crumble, fall AJRA- v.int break up ajral- v.int divide, split, break up v.int | NX+dan ~ get separated from X, lose X v.int | NX bilan ~ separate from X, divorce X ajralmas inseparable ajrat- v.t divide, split dispatch KES- v.t cut, chop, cut down cut off, cut out kesil- v.int be cut, get cut down kesim n slice QIY- v.t cut out, cut (into) TIL- v.t cut (lengthways), slice tilin- v.int be cut, sliced tilim n slice TO'G'RA- v.t shred, chop finely, cut ARCHI- v.t peel, skin QIR- v.t grate, scrape shave QIRQ- v.t cut off, chop shear qirqib ol- cut off, shear QIRTISHLA- v.t scrape clean
58 CHOP- v.t chop UZ- v.t cut off, break off, snap off pick (and break the stem) uzil- v.int cut, break, snap UZLUKSIZ ad continuous(ly), uninterrupted(ly) YOR- v.t split, cut open yorib o't- break through yoril- v.int crack, explode YAPROQ n, meas slice, round YIRT- v.t tear, tear up yirtil- v.int get torn yirtiq adj torn, torn up YANCH- v.t pound thresh TUY- v.t pound PUFLA- v.t blow puflab o'chir- blow out PORTLA- v.int explode portlash explosion portlat- v.t explode, blow out portlovchi adj explosive portlovchi moddalar explosive TORT- v.t grind maydala- v.t break to bits, grind
OCH- v.t open uncover, discover, disclose ochib qo'y- open ochib yubor- uncover, disclose ochil- v.int open, open out, be open ochiq adj open adv openly, clearly, frankly YOP- v.t close, shut cover up, hide yopil- v.int close, be closed, be shut yopish- v.int | NX+ga ~ stick to X, adhere to X yopiq adj closed, shut yopiqliq adj closed, shut, covered / yopiqli YUM- v.t shut, close (eyes, mouth) BERK adj closed, shut QAMA- v.t shut … up; surround, encircle BEKIL- v.int be shut, be locked BEKIT- v.t shut, lock hide bekitib qo'y- block (up) TO'S- v.t bar, block to'siq n barrier, obstacle NX+ga ~ bo'l- hinder X, create an obstacle to X to'siq qo'y- put obstacle in the way BO'G'- v.t tie up, dam up, block G'OV n fence, barrier, obstacle g'ov bo'l- create an obstacle g'ov sol- put up a fence / barrier
59 QOP n, meas sack, bag qopla- v.t cover qopla- v.t put in sacks qoplan- v.int | NX bilan ~ be covered with X O'RA- v.t wrap up, roll up spin, weave v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ wind X on Y o'rab ol- surround, encircle o'rab tur- surround, encircle o'ral- v.int | NX+ga ~ be wrapped with X wind on X BOG' n, meas bundle, bunch bog'la- v.t tie, bind; fasten bog'lan- v.int be tied, be bound together bog'lanish relation, link ULA- v.t | (bir-biriga) NX+ni ~ join, tie together, connect ulan- v.int be joined, be tied, be connected TUG- v.t knot, tie tugil- v.int get knotted, tied TUGUN n knot YECH- v.t untie, undo take off (clothes) resolve (problems) CHOK n seam, joint chok et- tear, tear off TIQ- v.t stick, block tiqil- v.int get stuck, get blocked yopish- v.int | NX+ga ~ stick to X, adhere to X yopishtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ stick X to Y yopishqoq adj sticky yopishqoqlik n stickiness YELIM n glue, gum yelimla- v.t stick, glue yelimlab qo'y- stick YUQ- v.int stick, stain BO'L- v.t separate v.t | NX+ni numY+ga ~ divide X in Y NX+ni NY+ga bo'lib ber- distribute X to Y, share X among Y bo'lin- v.int be separated, be divided AYIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ remove, take away X from Y, separate X from Y leave X ayril- v.int | NX+dan ~ AJRA- v.int break up v.int | NX+dan ~ leave X, separate from X get separated from X, lose X ajrat- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ isolate, separate X from Y TARQA- v.int disperse, scatter / TARQAL- tarqat- v.t disperse, scatter, spread out tarqalash- v.int disperse, scatter tarqoq adj scattered TARAL- v.int disperse, scatter / TARA- tarash- v.int disperse, scatter tarat- v.t scatter, disperse, spread out v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ distribute X to Y
60 SOCH- v.t scatter, sprinkle, spread, send out sochil- v.int be scattered, sprinkled, spread, sent out SEP- v.t spray, splash scatter sepil- v.int be sprayed, splashed be scattered
61 Matter and Nature Properties
TO'L- v.int | NX+ga ~ be filled with X to'la ad full(y), complete(ly), total(ly) to'la numX NY NZ X Y(=container) full of Z to'ldir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ fill X with Y v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ fill X with Y to'lat- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ fill X with Y to'liq ad full(y), sufficient(ly), ample, complete(ly) to'lalik n capacity TO'Q adj full, replete dark, rich (colour) BO'SH adj empty, void free (time, people), vacant (space) bo'shliq n emptiness, space bo'sha- v.int become empty, be free bo'shat- v.t empty, clear bo'm-bo'sh completely empty PUCH adj hollow, empty (l/f) puchay- v.int shrink, wither puchaytir- v.t shrink, wither OG'IR adj heavy, weighty difficult, hard serious, grave og'irlik n heaviness, weight og'irlash- v.int become heavy get worse (l/f) og'irlashtir- v.t make heavy YENGIL adj light (l/f) yep-yengil very light yengillash- v.int get lighter (l/f) yengillashtir- v.t lighten, make lighter (l/f) VAZN n weight VAZMIN adj heavy TORT- v.t | NX+ni (tarozida) ~ weigh X GRAMM meas gramme MILLIGRAMM meas milligram KILOGRAMM meas kilogram / KILO SENTNER meas quintal, hundredweight TONNA meas ton MISQOL meas about 4 grammes
JISM n body gazsimon jism gas qattiq jism solid suyuq jism liquid SUYUQ adj liquid, thin, watery suyuqlik n liquid, solution QUYUQ adj thick (liquid) quyuqlash- v.int thicken, get thicker quyuqlashtir- v.t thicken
62 ERI- v.int melt, thaw dissolve erit- v.t melt, dissolve eritma n solution QAYNA- v.int boil (l/f) qaynat- v.t boil qaynoq adj boiling, boiled bug'lan- v.int evaporate bug'lanish evaporation tomchi n, meas drop tomchila- v.int drip, dribble QATRA n, meas drop qatra-qatra drop by drop KO'PIK n foam, froth, lather ko'pikli adj frothy ko'pikla- v.int froth, foam pufakcha n bubble QALIN adj thick dense (solid) QATTIQ adj solid, firm hard (l/f) qattiqlik n hardness QOT- v.int harden, get hard YUMSHA- v.int turn soft, become mellow yumshat- v.t soften ease, soften, pacify yumshoq adj soft, mild mellow, fresh (bread) yumshoqlik n softness, mildness MAYIN adj soft, light bo'shash- v.int soften, lose strength bo'shashtir- v.t soften O'TKIR adj sharp, cutting keen, clever, smart, alert o'tkirlik n sharpness o'tkirla- v.t sharpen o'tkirlash- v.int sharpen O'TMAS adj blunt PUXTA adj strong, durable, thick, firm thorough, efficient, proper(ly) puxtalik n firmness puxtalashtir- v.t consolidate MUSTAHKAM adj strong, firm, solid, consolidated mustahkamla- v.t strengthen, consolidate mustahkamlan- v.int strengthen, consolidate MAHKAM adj tight, strong, firm mahkamla- v.t tighten, strengthen, consolidate mahkamlan- v.int tighten, strengthen, consolidate USTUVOR adj firm, solid, unbreakable NOZIK adj fine, delicate, fragile refined, sensitive delicate, touchy, tricky noziklik n fineness, fragility, delicacy noziklash- v.int become fragile, be refined
63 MO'RT adj delicate, fragile mo'rtlik n delicacy, fragility MULOYIM adj soft, mild, silken gentle, mild, fond egil- egilmaydigan rigid, stiff egiluvchan adj flexible, pliable bukiluvchan adj supple, pliable cho'ziluvchan adj elastic TEKIS ad smooth(ly); level tep-tekis very smooth SILLIQ adj smooth sip-silliq very smooth silliqlik n smoothness silliqla- v.t smooth, polish silliqlash- v.int get polished SIRPANCHIQ adj slippery
SOF adj clean pure soflik n cleanness purity tiniq adj clear, limpid, pure tiniqlik n clearness, pureness ZILOL adj limpid, clear, pure SHAFFOF adj transparent, limpid, clear TOZA adj clean, clear pure tozalik n cleanness, clarity, cleanliness purity POK adj clean pure (l/f) nopok adj dirty impure (l/f) POKIZA adj clean pure (l/f) QURI- v.int dry, dry off, dry out wither qurit- v.t dry, wither quruq adj dry, dried, arid empty, devoid of content qup-quruq completely dry, arid quruqlik n dryness QURG'OQ adj arid, dry qoq-quruq completely dry, arid HO'L adj wet, moist, soaked fresh (fruits, vegetables) ho'llik n wetness, humidity ho'lla- v.t wet NAM adj damp, moist, humid, wet n dampness, moisture namlik n humidity, dampness namla- v.t soak, steep namlan- v.int get wet, get moist
64 ZAX adj damp n dampness zaxla- v.int become damp SUG'OR- v.t water, irrigate give water to sug'oril- v.int be irrigated botir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ sink X into Y, soak X in Y DIM adj stuffy, sultry
TEMPERATURA n temperature NX+ning ~+i ko'taril- X's temperature rise NX+ning ~+i pasay- X's temperature fall HARORAT n temperature DARAJA meas degree (temperature) numX daraja issiq X degrees (of temperature) numX daraja iliq X degrees (of temperature) numX daraja sovuq X degrees below 0 minus numX daraja X degrees below 0 GRADUS meas degree (angles) degree (temperature) numX gradus issiq X degrees (of temperature) numX gradus iliq X degrees (of temperature) numX gradus sovuq X degrees below 0 minus numX gradus X degrees below 0 gradusnik n thermometer ISI- v.int get warm isin- v.int warm o.s. (up) isit- v.t warm (up), heat (up) ISSIQ adj hot n heat, hot weather issiqlik n heat QIZI- v.int get hot qiziq adj hot, heated, burning JAZIRAMA adj scorching, burning tobla- v.t heat, forge ILI- v.int get warm ilit- v.t warm (up) iliq ad warm (l/f), tepid iliq-miliq (rather) warm, tepid iliqlik n warmth, tepidity SALQIN adj, n cool, refreshing; cool(ness) salqinlik n coolness salqinla- v.int freshen o.s (up), refresh o.s. salqinlash- v.int get cooler SOVU- v.int get cold, turn cold sovub qol- get cold, turn cold sovut- v.t cool (down) sovuq adj cold, frosty n cold frost SOVQOT- v.int get cold, freeze MUZ muzdek very cold (like ice), frosty muzla- v.int freeze, be frozen muzlat- v.t (make) freeze TO'NG- v.int freeze to'ngib qol- freeze to'ngdir- v.t (make) freeze
65
YORI- v.int give light yorit- v.t light (up), illuminate yoritish lighting yoritil- v.int be illuminated YORQIN adj bright, light YORUG' n light, shine adj light, bright yop-yorug' very bright, very light yorug'lik n luminosity; (place with) light QORONG'I adj, n dark, obscure; darkness, obscurity qop-qorong'i pitch-dark qorong'ilik n darkness, obscurity qorong'ilan- v.int darken, grow dark qorong'ilat- v.t darken, make dark ZULMAT n obscurity XIRA adj dull, dim, dark xiralan- v.int get dull, get dim, darken SIYOH adj black, dark sim-siyoh deep black, very dark RANG n colour paint, dye complexion NX+ga rang ber- colour X NX qaysi rangda? what colour is X? rang-barang multi-coloured rangli adj coloured ko'p rangli multi-coloured rangsiz adj colourless pale rangdor adj coloured TUS n shade, hue, color appearance, manner OLA adj multi-coloured, colourful ola-bula colourfully patterned yo'l-yo'l striped xol-xol dotted, spotted OQ adj white oqish adj whitish oqar- v.int turn white, turn pale oqla- v.t whiten, whitewash oqart- v.t whiten, lighten / oqartir- oqimtir adj whitish OPPOQ adj very white, pure white QORA adj black, dark qop-qora pitch black, completely black tim-qora pitch black, completely black qoray- v.int turn black, turn dark qoraytir- v.t blacken / qorayt- qoramtil adj blackish kul rang grey, ash-grey, steel gray TO'Q adj dark, rich (colour) OCH adj light, pale (prefix for colour) O'CH- v.int fade, grow pale, grow dim
66 QIZIL adj red qip-qizil glaringly red, bright red to'q qizil dark red QIZAR- v.int turn red, blush qizart- v.t turn red / qizartir- QIZG'ISH adj reddish PUSHTI adj pink, rose to'q sariq orange qovoq rang orange SARIQ adj yellow sap-sariq strikingly yellow SARG'AY- v.int turn yellow sarg'aytir- v.t turn yellow / sarg'ayt- SARG'ISH adj yellowish MALLA adj blonde, light brown YASHIL adj green yam-yashil bright green KO'K adj (sky) blue, (grass) green ko'm-ko'k bright blue, bright green ko'kish adj bluish, greenish ko'kar- v.int turn green ko'kartir- v.int turn green ko'kimtir adj bluish, greenish havo rang sky blue MOVIY adj light blue (vivid) to'q ko'k navy blue ZANGORI adj light blue, turquoise binafsha rang purple jigar rang brown, liver-coloured qahva rang brown tilla rang golden, gilt kumush rang silver
67 Substances
MODDA n matter, substance element (physical) MODDIY adj material (l/f) MATERIAL n material(s) (physical / documents) ATOM n atom YADRO n nucleus yadro energiyasi nuclear energy yadroviy adj nuclear VODOROD n hydrogen UGLEROD n carbon AZOT n nitrogen KISLOTA n acid KISLOROD n oxygen METALL n metal TEMIR n iron PO'LAT n steel OLTIN n gold; golden TILLA n gold ZAR n gold ZARHAL adj golden zarhalla- v.t gild, cover with gold PLATINA n platinum KUMUSH n silver MIS n copper QALAY n tin BRONZA n bronze QO'RG'OSHIN n lead
TUZ n salt MINERAL n mineral qazilma adj mineral RUDA n ore NX rudasi X ore ZANG n rust NX+ni ~ bos- make X rusty zangla- v.int rust YOQUT n ruby, precious stone LA'L n ruby, sapphire OLMOS n diamond ZUMRAD n emerald BO'R n chalk MARMAR n marble SOPOL n earthenware
68 TOSH n stone, rock toshli adj stony toshloq n stony place XARSANG n boulder, rock xarsang tosh rock QOYA n rock TUPROQ n earth, soil land, territory QUM n sand qumli adj sandy qumloq n sandy place, sands LOY n mud clay (used for building) loyli adj muddy, unclear loyla- v.t make muddy BALCHIQ n mud balchiqli adj muddy, covered with mud CHANG n dust changi- v.int get dusty TO'Z- v.int turn to dust to'zon n dust chang-to'zon dusty G'UBOR n dust g'uborli adj dusty, dark g'uborsiz adj clean, pure beg'ubor adj clean, pure (l/f) KUKUN n powder kukunla- v.t grind to powder POROSHOK n powder
SHISHA n glass bottle BILLUR n crystal XRUSTAL n crystal CHINNI n china PLASTMASSA n plastic REZINA n rubber YELIM n glue, gum PASTA n paste SOVUN n soap
SUV NX suvi X(=fruit) juice n water NX+ni suv bos- X be flooded oqar suv running water suv osti underwater, submarine SUYUQ adj liquid, thin, watery SUG'OR- v.t water, irrigate MUZ n ice muzli adj full of ice muzla- v.int freeze, be frozen
69 YAX n ice, frost yaxla- v.int freeze yaxlat- v.t freeze BUG' n steam bug'lan- v.int evaporate HAVO n air, atmosphere sky weather havoli adj with air havosiz adj without air O'T n fire o't qo'y- set a fire o't ol- catch fire NX+ga o't tush- a fire break in X OLOV n fire (lighten by human) GULXAN n camp fire ALANGA n flame alangalan- v.int ignite, catch fire UCHQUN n spark GURILLA- v.int crackle TUTA- v.int smoke TUTUN n smoke DUD n smoke YOQ- v.t light (fire, lamp), switch on (lamp) yoqil- v.int be lit yoqilg'i n fuel QALA- v.t lay out for a fire qalan- v.int catch fire YON- v.int burn (fire) give a light (lamp) yonib ket- catch fire yonilg'i n fuel yondir- v.t light (fire) yong'in n fire (destructive), conflagration KUY- v.int burn, get burnt (by fire or heat) kuydir- v.t burn anger, annoy, cause trouble YALLIG' n flame yallig'lan- v.int flare, catch alight / yallig'la- yallig'lantir- v.t set on fire, set fire to / yallig'lat- O'CH- v.int die out, go out (fire, lamp) fade, grow pale, grow dim disappear, vanish o'chir- v.t put out, extinguish (fire, lamp) cause to vanish, erase o't o'chirish bo'limi fire department SO'N- v.int go out, become extinguished (fire) so'ndir- v.t put out, extinguish (fire) CHO'G' n ember(s) KUL n ash(es)
70 GAZ n gas (combustible) gazsimon adj gaseous NEFT n oil, petroleum neftli adj oil BENZIN n petrol, gasoline DIZEL n diesel KO'MIR n coal O'TIN n firewood YOG'OCH n wood, timber; wooden QOG'OZ n paper qalin qog'oz cardboard KARTON n cardboard SIYOH n ink MOY n non-edible oil, grease edible oil, fat, grease moyli adj oily, greasy moyla- v.t oil, grease YOG' n fat, oil, grease yog'li adj fat, oily, greasy yog'la- v.t grease, oil
ELEKTR n, adj electricity; electric ELEKTRON n, adj electron; electronic TOK n (electric) current elektr toki electric current VOL'T meas volt AMPER meas ampere TO'LQIN n Hertzian wave(s), wavelength MAGNIT n magnet YORUG' n light, shine adj light, bright elektr yorug'i electric light oy yorug'i moonlight quyosh yorug'i sunlight NUR n (light) ray nur soch- shine quyosh nuri sunshine, sunlight nurlik adj luminous, shiny nursiz adj dim, dusky nurlan- v.int shine, be luminous, glitter YOG'DU n light, ray SHU'LA n (light) ray, shine RENTGEN n X-rays rentgen nurlari X-rays PORLA- v.int shine (forth) porloq adj bright, brilliant (l/f) RAVSHAN ad bright(ly) clear(ly), clear-cut ravshanlik n brightness OFTOB n sunshine, (place in the) sun OYDIN n moonlight
71 yalt et- shine, glitter, sparkle yaltira- v.int shine, glitter, sparkle yaltirat- v.t shine, polish yaltiroq adj shining, glittering, sparkling yilt et- glitter, sparkle yiltira- v.int glitter, sparkle / yiltilla- yiltirash glitter, sparkle yiltiroq adj glittering, sparkling CHARAQLA- v.int sparkle, shine AKS n reflection aks et- reflect aks ettir- reflect QORONG'I adj, n dark, obscure; darkness, obscurity qorong'i qil- block the light qorong'i tush- darkness fall SOYA n shade, shadow sersoya adj shady KO'LANKA n shade, shadow
TOVUSH n sound, voice tovush qil- make noise tovushli adj noisy, (with) sound, sonorous tovushsiz adj noiseless, silent UN n sound, voice OVOZ n voice sound, volume ovoz(+ini) chiqar- sound, make noise, (be) aloud ovozli adj voiced, (with) sound ovozsiz adj silent SADO n voice, sound, echo BALAND ad loud (voice) JARANG n ringing, jingle jarang-jurung jingle-jangle jarangli adj sonorous, voiced jarangla- v.int ring, jingle JIRINGLA- v.int ring, jingle YANGRA- v.int ring, ring out yangroq adj ringing, loud G'IJIR n grating, creaking g'ijirla- v.int grate, creak SHOVQIN n noise, clamour, shout shovqin sol- make noise shovqin qil- make noise SURON n loud noise, clamor shovqin-suron big noise, din; hubbub, uproar shov-shuv big noise, din confusion aks-sado echo
72 Nature
TABIAT n nature, Nature nature, character TABIIY adj natural tabiiyot n natural science KOINOT n the universe, cosmos JAHON n the universe, the world OLAM n world, universe olam-jahon the whole world, everybody DUNYO n world, realm butun dunyo(+ga) all over the world dunyoviy adj world FAZO n space outer space YULDUZ n star yulduzli adj star-studded QUYOSH n sun quyosh botishi sunset quyosh chiqishi sunrise quyosh nuri sunshine, sunlight quyoshli adj sunny KUN n day sun kun botishi sunset kun chiqishi sunrise OFTOB n sunshine, (place in the) sun PLANETA n planet SAYYORA n planet yo'ldosh n satellite OY n moon month to'lin oy full moon yangi tug'ilgan oy new moon OYDIN n moonlight HILOL n (moon) crescent OSMON n sky, heaven KO'K n sky FALAK n sky UFQ n horizon
YER n the Earth land place (l/f) yer osti underground yer shari globe (of the earth) yer yuzi the surface (of the earth) YEROSTI n, adj underground ZAMIN n land, soil
73 TUPROQ n earth, soil land, territory MINTAQA n (geographical) zone QIT'A n continent TOG' n mountain, (large) hill tog' cho'qqisi peak tog' etagi foot of a mountain tog' tepasi top of a mountain tog' tizmalari mountain ridge tog'li adj mountainous TEPA n hill tepalik n height, hill tepacha n small hill ADIR n hill, mound, foothills VULQON n volcano / VULKAN CHO'QQI n peak, top, summit DOVON n (mountain) pass PEREVAL n (mountain) pass VODIY n valley tekislik n plain CHO'L n desert, waste land, steppe SAHRO n desert BIYOBON n desert qumlik n sandy land DASHT n steppe VOHA n oasis o'tzor n meadow o'tloq n meadow pasture, range YAYLOV n summer pasture meadow O'RMON n forest, wood o'rmonli adj wooded o'rmonzor n wooded place, wood daraxtzor n grove, wood CHAKALAK n undergrowth, bush chakalakzor n bush G'OR n cave UNGUR n cave
DENGIZ n sea, ocean OKEAN n ocean KO'RFAZ n gulf, bay TO'LQIN n wave(s) to'lqinli adj with waves to'lqinlan- v.int be with waves to'lqinsimon adj like waves, wavy MAVJ n wave, swell
74 DARYO n river IRMOQ n tributary ANHOR n small river irrigation canal SOY n rivulet SHALOLA n waterfall, cascade KO'L n lake, pond HOVUZ n pool, pond, reservoir KO'LMAK n pool, pond BOTQOQ n marsh, bog, swamp adj marshy, boggy, swampy HAVZA n basin OROL n island yarim orol peninsula QIRG'OQ n bank, shore SOHIL n shore, bank dengiz sohili coast BO'Y n bank, shore bo'yla- v.t stroll along the shore, the bank PLAJ n beach BULOQ n spring, source buloq suvi spring water CHASHMA n spring
ATMOSFERA n atmosphere atmosferaviy adj atmospheric IQLIM n climate iqlimiy adj climatic HAVO n air, atmosphere sky weather havo shari atmosphere ochiq havo fine weather yumshoq havo mild weather ob-havo weather ob-havo ma'lumoti weather report KUN n weather (of the day) ochil- v.int clear up (of weather) ochiq adj clear (of weather) ISSIQ n heat, hot weather sovuq n frost QIROV n hoarfrost AYOZ n light frost sovuq tush- turn cold salqin tush- get cool, turn cool SHAMOL n wind shamol es- (wind) blow, be windy shamolli adj windy
75 YEL n wind IZG'IRIN n cold, penetrating wind SHABADA n breeze BO'RON n storm, tempest bo'ronli adj stormy DOVUL n storm, hurricane PO'RTANA n storm, whirlwind TO'FON n typhoon, hurricane BULUT n cloud bulutli adj cloudy bulutlan- v.int cloud over, become overcast TUMAN n mist, fog tuman tush- get misty, get foggy tumanli adj misty, foggy YOMG'IR n rain yomg'ir yog'- rain mayda yomg'ir drizzle yomg'irli adj rainy JALA n shower SEL n downpour flash flood QOR n snow qor yog'- snow qorli adj snowy DO'L n hail do'l yog'- hail YOG'- v.int fall (of precipitation) yog'in n precipitation SHABNAM n dew SHUDRING n dew MOMAQALDIROQ n thunderstorm CHAQMOQ n lightning chaqmoq chaq- flash (of lightning) YASHIN n lightning GUMBURLA- v.int rumble (of thunder) KAMALAK n rainbow SAROB n mirage FASL n season MAVSUM n season, time mavsumiy adj seasonal BAHOR n spring bahorgi adj spring KO'KLAM n early spring YOZ n summer yozgi adj summer SARATON n hottest part of the summer KUZ n autumn kuzgi adj autumnal
76 QISH n winter qishki adj winter QAHRATON qahraton qish severe winter QURG'OQ adj arid, dry qurg'oqchilik n drought toshqin n flood, flooding, swamping suv toshqini flood ko'chki n avalanche qor ko'chkisi avalanche tog' ko'chkisi landslide yer qimirlash earthquake ZILZILA n earthquake MANZARA n scenery, landscape, view PEYZAJ n landscape
77 Life and Humans Vital Functions
YASHA- v.int live, live (swh) yashash life, existence HAYOT n life (lived), livelihood life (existence) adj alive hayotiy adj of life hayotiylik n vitality hayot-mamot (matter of) life and death UMR n life-span, life umr kechir- live (an amount of time) umr sur- live (an amount of time) umrli adj of all one's life kechir- v.t go through, experience NX+ni boshdan kechir- go through X kun kechir- live, get along TURMUSH n life (lived), livelihood TIRIK adj alive, living tirikchilik n livelihood TIRIL- v.int revive tiriltir- v.t revive JON n life, soul, spirit jonli adj alive, living, vivid, full of vitality jonsiz adj lifeless, spiritless jonlan- v.int liven up, come to life, revive jonlantir- v.t liven up, revive nimjon adj weak, feeble JONIVOR n creature
GEN n gene GENETIK adj genetic ZOT n genus, race, lineage zotdor adj purebred IRQ n race irqiy adj racial JINS n sex, gender species, race erkak jinsi masculine gender xotin jinsi feminine gender jinsiy adj sexual jinsiy aloqa sex jinsiy aloqalar sexual relations NX bilan jinsiy aloqa qil- have sex with X jinsiy aloqaga kir- have sex jinsiy a'zolar genitals NASL n pedigree, race naslli adj of fine breed naslsiz adj sterile oy ko'r- menstruate qon ko'r- menstruate TUXUM n egg tuxum qil- lay egg(s)
78 URUG' n seed eggs; spermatozoon urug'don n testicle BACHADON n womb, uterus PUSHT n embryo generation HOMILA n foetus homilador adj pregnant homiladorlik n pregnancy bola tashla- abort TUG'- v.t give birth to tug'il- v.int be born tug'ilish birth tug'ilgan kun(+i) birthday tug'ma adj innate, hereditary, inborn dunyoga kel- come to the world olamga kel- come to the world bola ko'r- get child(ren) bolala- v.int have youngs (of animals) O'S- v.int grow rise, go up, ascend, increase o'sish growth o'stir- v.t make grow increase UN- v.int grow ULG'AY- v.int grow, grow up chiqar- v.t start to (of young children) oyoq chiqar- begin to walk til chiqar- start to talk BOLA n child young (of animals) YOSH adj young n age numX ~+da (bo'l-) be X years old ~+i numX+da be X years old numX ~+ga kir- get X years old, enter in X (age) numX ~+ga to'l- get X years old (pass) yoshlik n youth yoshli adj | numX ~ aged X katta yoshli aged yoshar- v.int feel / look younger yoshart- v.t make look younger CHALA adj unfinished, incomplete immature, premature KATTA adj grown up bo'yga yetkan grown up YASHNA- v.int flourish, bloom, be in one's prime (l/f) yashnash blooming VOYA n maturity, coming of age voyaga yet- come of age QARI adj old, aged qarilik n old age QARI- v.int grow old qarib qol- grew old
79 KEKSA n, adj old, elderly; old, elderly man / person keksalik n old age KIR- v.int | NX+ga ~ reach X, enter in X(=age) O'L- v.int | NX+dan ~ die from X o'lmas adj immortal o'ldir- v.t kill, murder o'z o'z+ini o'ldir- commit suicide o'ldiril- v.int get killed o'lim n death o'lik n corpse, dead body deceased adj dead (l/f) lifeless, spiritless VAFOT n death, decease vafot et-/qil- die, pass away AJAL n death, final hour dunyodan o't- pass away olamdan o't- pass away MARHUM n, adj deceased, late HALOK halok bo'l- die, perish halok qil-/et- kill halokat n accident, disaster, wreck SO'Y- v.t slaughter CHIRI- v.int rot, decay, putrefy chirit- v.t rot, decay, putrefy chirik adj rotten, decayed, putrefied SASI- v.int get rotten, get putrid sasib qol- get rotten, get putrid
OCH adj hungry, starving qorn+i och be hungry och qoringa with an empty stomach ochlik n hunger ochiq- v.int get hungry ISHTAHA n appetite ishtaha+si yo'qot- lose one's appetite ishtahasiz ad without appetite TO'Q adj full, replete prosperous qorn+i to'q have had one's fill to'qlik n satiety TO'Y- v.int have one's fill, be replete (l/f) to'yib ket- get full to'yguncha one's fill to'ymas insatiable qorn+i to'y- eat one's fill to'yib ovqat ye- eat one's fill to'yg'az- v.t feed till replete CHANQA- v.int get thirsty chanqab ket- get, be thirsty chanqoq adj thirsty chanqoqni bos- quench one's thirst chanqoqlik n thirst TASHNA adj | NX+ga ~ thirsty for X tashnalik n | NX+ga ~ thirst for X
80 suvsa- v.int get thirsty suvsira- v.int be thirsty CHO'LLA- v.int get thirsty YE- v.t eat suffer, endure (blow, attack) yegiz- v.t force to / make eat yem n fodder, food (for animals) BOQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ feed X, pasture X tishla- v.t bite, bite off QOP- v.t bite KEMIR- v.t gnaw G'AJI- v.t gnaw CHAYNA- v.t chew, masticate EM- v.t suck emiz- v.t cause to suck, breast-feed SO'R- v.t suck YUT- v.t swallow yutum n mouthful HO'PLA- v.t swallow gulp down, gobble up ho'plab-ho'plab ich- take little sips ho'plam n gulp, sip QULTUM n sip, gulp ICH- v.t drink, ingest ichir- v.t make drink ichimli adj drinkable SUG'OR- v.t water, irrigate give water to TUPUK n spit, spittle TUPLA- v.int spit TUPUR- v.int spit SO'LAK n saliva / SO'LAKAY HAZM n digestion hazm qil- digest SIY- v.int urinate, micurate siydik n urine BO'Q n excrement, manure DAM n breath, rest, break dam chiqar- breathe NAFAS n breath nafas ol- breathe in, take a breathe nafas chiqar- breathe OVOZ n voice ovoz(+ini) chiqar- sound, make noise, (be) aloud SADO n voice, sound, echo TOVUSH n sound, voice tovush chiqar- enunciate, (be) aloud UN n sound, voice BALAND ad loud (voice)
81 QICHQIR- v.int shout, call crow qichqiriq n shout, call CHINQIR- v.int howl, yell, scream chinqiriq n shriek BAQIR- v.int shout (loudly), yell, scream baqiriq n shout, yell, roar baqiroq adj noisy, yelling O'KIR- v.int howl cry loudly FARYOD n shout, wailing UVLA- v.int howl, wail HUR- v.int bark, howl HUSHTAK n whistle hushtak chal- whistle SHOVQIN n noise, clamour, shout shovqin sol- make noise shovqin qil- make noise shovqinli n noisy, uproarious shovqinla- v.int be noisy, be in an uproar SURON n loud noise, clamor shovqin-suron big noise, din; hubbub, uproar SAYRA- v.int sing (of birds) YUM- v.t shut, close (eyes, mouth) TO'K- v.t shed ko'z yoshi to'k- shed tears qon to'k- blood ter to'k- sweat BO'ZAR- v.int grow pale YOSH n tear(s) ko'z yoshi tear(s) YIG'LA- v.int weep, cry, sob TER n sweat, perspiration terla- v.int sweat, perspire terlab ket- sweat SOVQOT- v.int get cold, freeze sovqotib ket- get, be cold salqinla- v.int freshen o.s (up), refresh o.s. ISI- v.int get warm isib ket- get, be hot isin- v.int warm o.s. (up) CHAQ- v.t sting, bite (of insects) NAYZA n sting (of insects) BO'G'- v.t choke, strangle bo'g'iq adj caught in one's throat (voice, ...) bo'g'izla- v.t cut the throat of
82 CHARCHA- v.int get tired, weary, exhausted charchab ket- get, be tired charchagan tired, weary charchat- v.t tire, make tired charchoq n tiredness, weariness charchoqdan yiqil- be deadtired TOLIQ- v.int grow tired HORI- v.int get tired, weary, exhausted horigan tired, weary horiganlik n weariness, tiredness HORDIQ n fatigue hordiq chiqar- rest HORG'IN adj tired, weary (appearance) ESNA- v.int yawn DAM n breath, rest, break NX+ga ~ ber- give X a rest dam ol- take a breath, have a rest dam olish holiday, vacation, leave OROM n rest; peace, quietness orom ol- have a rest ROHAT n comfort, peace, rest ISTIROHAT n rest, holiday istirohat qil- rest FAROG'AT n rest, relaxation, peace, quietness farog'at qil- rest, relax tinim n rest, relaxation, quietness tinimsiz adv without respite, continuously, incessantly TANAFFUS n break, interval tanaffus qil- to have a break, break off UYQU n sleep, sleepiness uyqu+si kel- get sleepy uyquga ket- go to sleep, fall asleep uyqu+si qoch- can not sleep uyqu+si o't- can not sleep uyqusiz ad without sleep uyqusizlik n insomnia uyqusira- v.int feel sleepy UXLA- v.int sleep, go to bed uxlab qol- fall asleep uxlamaslik n wakefulness uxlat- v.t send to sleep o'rn+iga yot- go to bed o'rn+iga yotqiz- put to bed XURRAK n snore, snoring xurrak ot- snore xurrak tort- snore UYG'OQ adj awake, alert uyg'oqlik n wakefulness UYG'ON- v.int wake up uyg'onish awakening (l/f) UYG'OT- v.t wake (up) uyg'otib qo'y- wake up BEDOR n wakefulness bedor bo'l- be awake, step up bedorlik n wakefulness
83 Body
ANATOMIYA n anatomy TAN n body BADAN n body; physique, physical JISMONIY adj physical (qora) kuch physical strength AZAMAT adj vigorous, sturdy azamatlik n vigour, sturdiness CHAYIR adj muscular, with staying power ZABARDAST n strong, stout PAHLAVON n strong man, wrestler / POLVON GAVDA n figure, stature inson gavdasi the human body gavdali adj tall, stout JUSSA n stature jussali adj stout, large BO'Y n size, length, height NX+ning ~+i baland tall NX+ning ~+i uzun tall NX+ning ~+i past short bo'yli adj tall, with a given size baland bo'yli tall past bo'yli short bo'ychan adj tall bo'ydor adj tall NOVCHA adj tall SEMIZ adj fat, corpulent, stout, obese semizlik n fatness, stoutness, obesity SEMIR- v.int get fat, put on weight YO'G'ON adj thick, stout, fat, big yo'g'onlik n thickness, stoutness, fatness OZ- v.int get thin, lose weight ozg'in adj thin, slim, skinny INGICHKA adj thin, slender ORIQ adj thin, slim, emaciated oriqla- v.int get thin, lose weight RANG n complexion HUJAYRA n cell
BOSH n head beginning, source n, adj head, chief, top, main bosh suyagi skull KALLA n head MIYA n brain, marrow brain, mind bosh miya brain ENSA n nape of the neck, back of the head
84 PESHANA n forehead / PESHONA MANGLAY n brow, forehead CHAKKA n temple(s) (of head) YUZ n face surface, face yuzlan- v.int | NX+ga ~ turn one's face to X, face X yuzlash- v.int | NX bilan ~ meet with X CHEHRA n face, appearance BASHARA n appearance, face AFT n appearance, face BET n face, cheeks surface, face AJIN n wrinkle(s) YONOQ n cheek QOSH n eyebrows CHIMIR- v.t raise (the eyebrows) KO'Z n eye ko'z qorachig'i pupil QOVOQ n eyelid KIPRIK n eyelash(es) BURUN n nose (burn+i) burun qoq- blow one's nose burun tort- sniff DIMOG' n nose mood, humour QULOQ n ear handle (of pots) JAG' n jaw, chin IYAK n chin OG'IZ n mouth (og'z+i) mouth, opening, aperture meas mouthful adj oral LAB n lip(s) bank, ridge, edge DUDOQ n lip(s) TISH n tooth aql tishi wisdom tooth kurak tish incisor oziq tish molar tooth qoziq tish canine sut tishlari milk teeth tishli adj toothed tishla- v.t bite, bite off MILK n gum TIL n tongue language, tongue TANGLAY n palate
85 TUMSHUQ n beak TOMOQ n throat bo'g'iz n throat (bo'g'z+i) neck (of a bottle) KEKIRDAK n throat, larynx JIG'ILDON n throat, gullet BO'YIN n neck (bo'yn+i) GARDAN n neck, nape of the neck
TANA n trunk, torso KO'KRAK n chest, breast KO'KS n chest, breast EMCHAK n breast QORIN n belly, stomach (qorn+i) QURSOQ n stomach, belly YELKA n shoulder(s), back yelka qis- shrug the shoulders yelkama-yelka shoulder to shoulder QO'LTIQ n underarm, arm-pit YONBOSH n side yonboshla- v.int lie on one's side ORQA n back, back part BEL n waist, small of the back A'ZO n limb qo'l-ayoq the limbs QO'L n, adj hand(s), arm(s), wrist(s); hand TIRSAK n elbow BILAK n wrist, arm, forearm KAFT n palm meas handful HOVUCH meas handful MUSHT n fist / MUSHTUM BARMOQ n finger oyoq barmog'i toe bosh barmoq thumb ko'rsatkich barmoq fore-finger o'rta barmoq middle finger JIMJILOQ n the little finger CHANGAL n hand, paw, talon meas handful PANJA n palm and fingers, hand paw CHIMDIN meas pinch OYOQ n foot, leg
86 TOVON n heel TO'PIQ n ankle BOLDIR n calf (of leg) TIZZA n knee(s) / TIZ tiz cho'k- kneel (down) tizzala- v.int be kneeling SON n thigh DUMBA n fat tail (of a sheep) buttocks KET n back, back part buttocks QANOT n wing(s) qanot qoq- flap wings QUYRUQ n tail DUM n tail
TERI n skin, leather adj leather PO'ST n skin, peel, bark XOL n mole, birthmark TUK n (body) hair, fluff, wool tukli adj hairy QIL n hair, horsehair MO'YNA n fur JUN n wool SOCH n hair soch ol- cut hair soch+ini oldir- have a haircut JINGALAK adj curly, wavy KAL adj bald, mangy SOQOL n beard soqol ol- shave soqol qir- shave soqol qo'y- grow a beard soqol+ini oldir- get shaved soqolli adj bearded soqolsiz adj beardless MO'YLOV n moustache mo'ylov qo'y- have a moustache PAT n feather TIRNOQ n (finger/toe) nail(s), claw(s) tirnoq ol- cut one's nails TUYOQ n hoof SHOX n horn(s) shoxli adj horned MUGUZ n horn(s) CHIG'ANOQ n shell PO'CHOQ n rind, peel; shell
87
SUYAK n bone suyakli adj bony SKELET n skeleton UMURTQA n spine, vertebral column MUSKUL n muscle muskulli adj muscular PAY n, adj sinew; sinewy, stringy NERV n nerve ASAB n nerves asabiy adj nervous QON n blood qon bosim+i blood pressure qonli adj bloody qona- v.int bleed qonxo'r adj bloodthirsty TOMIR n vein, artery tomir+ini tepishi pulse tomir+ini urishi pulse VENA n vein YURAK n heart courage O'PKA n lung(s) OSHQOZON n stomach ME'DA n stomach ICHAK n intestines, bowels JIGAR n liver BUYRAK n kidney(s) BEZ n gland
88 Plants
O'S- v.int grow o'stir- v.t make grow o'simlik n plant o'simliklarga oid vegetal TUP n, meas plant, bush (still growing) PISH- v.int get ripe (l/f) get cooked get mature, experienced pishir- v.t ripen pishiq adj ripe strong, solid n harvest season, time of reaping yetil- v.int ripen, grow XOM adj raw, uncooked unripe raw G'O'RA n unripe fruit G'O'R adj unripe, green (of fruit) / G'O'RA QOVJIRA- v.int fade, wither, wilt, dry up qovjiroq adj faded, withered, wilted, dried up URUG' n seed urug'li adj reserved for sowing DON n corn, grain (of cereals) donli adj grain G'ALLA n corn, grain (seed of cereals) DANAK n stone (of a fruit) MAG'IZ n kernel (mag'z+i) BOSHOQ n spike, head, ear boshoqli adj with ear, cereal ILDIZ n root(s) TOMIR n root(s) POYA n stem, stalk TANA n trunk, bole SHOX n branch shoxli adj branchy BUTOQ n branch, ramification butoqli adj branchy, ramified butoqla- v.int ramify NOVDA n shoot, young branch TIKAN n thorn, prickle, splinter tikanli adj thorny, prickly ZIRAPCHA n splinter PO'ST n skin, peel, bark po'stloq n bark
89 YAPROQ n leaf n, meas sheet (of paper) slice, round BARG n leaf KURTAK n bud G'UNCHA n bud CHECHAK n flower chechakla- v.int blossom GUL n flower, blossom adj with flowers, for flowers gul do'koni florist gulla- v.int blossom, flourish (l/f) MEVA n fruit meva-cheva all kinds of fruit mevali adj fruit, with fruit mevala- v.int bear fruit SHINGIL n, meas bunch
QO'ZIQORIN n mushroom (edible) (qo'ziqorn+i) GIYOH n plant, herb O'T n grass o'tzor n meadow o'tloq n meadow pasture, range MAYSA n greenery, young grass XASHAK n dry grass, hay, straw SOMON n straw, chaff DO'LANA n hawthorn ATIRGUL n rose qizil gul red rose CHINNIGUL n carnation BINAFSHA n violet LOLA n tulip MOYCHECHAK n marguerite DASTORGUL n daisy KUNGABOQAR n sunflower KO'KNOR n poppy opium NILUFAR n water lily DARAXT n tree KO'CHAT n young tree, sapling BUTA n bush, shrub, plant QARAG'AY n pine tree QORAQARAG'AY n fir tree ARCHA n fir tree, juniper, spruce TOL n willow
90 TERAK n poplar QAYIN n birch EMAN n oak CHINOR n plane tree TUT n mulberry tree QAMISH n reed, rush
boshoqli o'simliklar cereals don ekinlari cereals BUG'DOY n wheat ARPA n barley MAKKAJO'XORI n maize, corn / MAKKA SHOLI n rice (in the husk) GURUCH n rice (husked) / GURUNCH ZIG'IR n flax; linseed G'O'ZA n cotton (plant) CHIGIT n cotton seed PAXTA n cotton oq oltin cotton KUNJUT n sesame
KO'K n greens, vegetables KO'KAT ko'katlar greens, greenery n grass greens, greenery SABZA n greens, green vegetables sabzavot n vegetables, greens SABZI n carrot SHOLG'OM n turnip REDISKA n radish TURP n horse-radish, radish QOVOQ n pumpkin (inedible) hollow gourd (dish) osh qovoq pumpkin (edible), squash BAQLAJON n egg-plant POMIDOR n tomatoe BODRING n cucumber KARAM n cabbage KARTOSHKA n potatoe LAVLAGI n beetroot QIZILCHA n beetroot MOSH n peas, beans, lentil NO'XAT n peas
91 YASMIQ n lentil BURCHOQ n garden peas LOVIYA n haricot beans ISMALOQ n spinach SELDEREY n celery SALAT n lettuce PETRUSHKA n parsley PIYOZ n onion SARIMSOQ n garlic MURCH n (black) pepper GARMDORI n (cayenne) pepper QALAMPIR n (red) pepper murch-qalampir pepper XANTAL n mustard ZAYTUN n olive BEDA n clover ZIRA n caraway SHIVIT n dill RAYHON n basil YALPIZ n mint
QOVUN n melon XAMAK n small or unripe melon HANDALAK n small, early ripening melon TARVUZ n water-melon SHAFTOLI n peach O'RIK n apricot OLMA n apple NOK n pear ANOR n pomegranate ANJIR n fig BEHI n quince JIYDA n date XURMO n date-palm, date OLXO'RI n plum OLCHA n cherry GILOS n sweet cherry TOK n vine, grapevine UZUM n grapes QULUPNAY n strawberry TUT n mulberry SHOTUT n black mulberry
92 APELSIN n orange PO'RTAHOL n orange LIMON n lemon BANAN n banana YONG'OQ n nut, walnut o'rmon yong'og'i hazelnut yer yong'oq peanut KASHTAN n chestnut BODOM n almond PISTA n pistachio nut
93 Animals
HAYVON n animal, beast uy hayvoni domestic animal hayvonot n animal hayvonot bog'i zoo hayvoniy adj animal YOVVOYI adj wild, not domesticated PODA n | NX ~+si herd, flock of Xs GALA n | NX ~+si flock, herd of Xs(= wild animals) TO'DA n | NX+lar ~+si flock, swarm of Xs YILQI n horse herd MOL n cattle, livestock property, possessions, belongings commodity, goods, articles, produce QORAMOL n (horned) cattle BOSH meas head (cattle) TUYOQ meas head (cattle)
SIGIR n cow BUQA n bull, ox HO'KIZ n bullock, ox BUZOQ n calf OT n horse BIYA n mare BAYTAL n mare ayg'ir ot stallion TOY n foal, yearling / TOYCHA QULUN n foal, yearling XACHIR n mule ESHAK n donkey, ass XO'TIK n ass's foal QO'Y n sheep QO'CHQOR n ram SOVLIQ n ewe QO'ZI n lamb qo'zichoq n lamb ECHKI n goat TAKA n billy-goat ULOQ n kid (goat) TUYA n camel tuya o'rkachi hump (of camel) CHO'CHQA n pig QOBON n wild boar
94 IT n dog KUCHUK n puppy, dog MUSHUK n cat QUYON n rabbit, hare TOVUSHQON n hare OLMAXON n squirrel SICHQON n mouse KALAMUSH n rat KO'RSICHQON n mole TIPRATIKAN n hedgehog SHER n lion ARSLON n lion YO'LBARS n tiger AYIQ n bear BO'RI n wolf TULKI n fox BUG'U n deer KIYIK n deer, gazelle MAYMUN n monkey FIL n elephant
QUSH n bird PARRANDA n bird TOVUQ n hen, chicken XO'ROZ n cock, rooster JO'JA n chick O'RDAK n duck G'OZ n goose KURKA n turkey INDYUK n turkey / INDUK KAKLIK n partridge BEDANA n quail BURGUT n eagle LOCHIN n falcon BOYO'G'LI n owl / BOYQUSH TOVUS n peacock OQQUSH n swan TURNA n crane LAYLAK n stork BULBUL n nightingale
95 KAPTAR n dove, pigeon / KABUTAR QALDIRG'OCH n swallow CHUMCHUQ n sparrow HAKKA n magpie ZAG'IZG'ON n magpie KAKKU n cuckoo QARG'A n crow BALIQ n fish ILON n snake ilon-chayon reptiles KALTAKESAK n lizard QURBAQA n frog / BAQA CHO'LBAQA n toad TOSHBAQA n turtle, tortoise TIMSOH n crocodile AJDAR n dragon
QURT n worm, grub, caterpillar qurt-qumursqa insects CHUVALCHANG n earthworm, worm HASHAROT n insect ipak qurti silkworm PILLA n cocoon (of silkworm) PASHSHA n fly CHIVIN n mosquito fly ARI n wasp, bee ari uyasi wasp's nest ASALARI n (honey)bee CHUMOLI n ant QUMURSQA n (small) ant TERMIT n termit KAPALAK n butterfly CHIGIRTKA n locust, grasshopper QO'NG'IZ n beetle SUVARAK n cockroach TARAKAN n cockroach BURGA n flea BIT n louse KANA n tick QANDALA n bug O'RGIMCHAK n spider
96 CHAYON n scorpion shilliq qurt snail MIKROB n microbe BAKTERIYA n bacteria VIRUS n virus
UYA n nest; lair; (spider)web IN n (mouse) hole; nest; lair
97 Humans
KISHI n person, people, fellow er kishi man xotin kishi woman bir kishi somebody, anybody biror kishi somebody, anybody (unspecified) kishilik adj human share, portion (for someone) adj | numX ~ NY a Y (set up, room) of/for X persons ODAM n man, person, human being odamiy adj humane odamgarchilik n humaneness, humanity ODAMZOD n human kind, human beings INSON n human being, person insoniy adj human insoniyat n mankind, humanity insonparvar n humanist BIROV n somebody JON n people, soul (counted) NAFAR meas person, people SHAXS n individual, person shaxsiy adj individual, private shaxsan adv personally
CHAQALOQ n baby, infant GO'DAK n baby, infant, toddler go'dak bola baby go'daklik n infancy BOLA n child young (of animals) bolalik n childhood bolalik davri childhood (time of) bolalarcha ad childish(ly) O'G'IL n boy (o'g'l+i) adj boy, male (child) o'g'il bola boy o'g'il bolalik manliness KICHKINTOY n little boy, kid QIZ n girl, maiden daughter qiz bola girl (child) qizcha n little girl O'SPIRIN n youth, teenager o'spirinlik n teens, adolescent years O'SMIR n youth, adolescent o'smirlik n adolescent years YIGIT n young man, young fellow yigitlik n youth YOSH n young person, youngster yoshlar young people yoshlik n youth
98 yosh-yalanglar young people
KATTA adj grown up BALOG'AT n come of age, majority balog'atga yet- come of age, attain one's majority balog'atga yetgan odam adult yetil- v.int ripen, grow grow, come of age YETUK adj mature, forward yetuklik n maturity ER n, adj man, male husband, man ERKAK n, adj man, male erkaklik n virility, manliness / erkakchilik erkakcha adj virile, manly AYOL n, adj woman, female XOTIN n woman wife xotinparast n womanizer erkak-ayol men and women JUVON n young (married) woman xotin-qiz women QARI n old, aged person qarilik n old age qariya n elderly person qari-qartang old people keksalik n old age keksay- v.int grow old, get old keksaygan old people BOBOY n old man CHOL n old man MO'YSAFID n old man KAMPIR n old woman
99 Health and Medicine
SOG' adj healthy sog'lik n health sog'ay- v.int | NX+dan ~ recover from X, get better sog'ayt- v.t cure, make better / sog'aytir- SOG'LOM adj healthy, robust, well good, sound sog'lomlik n health sog'lomlash- v.int get healthier sog'lomlashtir- v.t strengthen, perfect SALOMAT adj well, healthy salomatlik n health, good shape sog'-salomat safe and sound SIHAT n health sihat top- recover hifzi sihat hygiene sihat-salomatlik health GIGIYENA n hygiene GIGIYENIK adj hygienic tuzal- v.int recover (from an illness) tuzalib qol- recover (from an illness) tuzat- v.t heal QUTUL- v.int | NX+dan ~ recover from X KASAL n illness, sickness, disease, ailment sick person, patient adj sick, ill kasal bo'lib qol- fall ill, fall sick kasallik n illness, disease kasallan- v.int fall ill, fall sick UCHRA- v.int | NX+ga ~ experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness) TOB n health, well-being betob adj sick, unwell betoblik n sickness, indisposition betoblan- v.int fall sick BEMOR n sick person, patient adj sick, ill, unwell XASTA adj ill, sick xastalik n illness, sickness YUQ- v.int be catching, contagious yuqumli adj contagious, infectious yuqumsiz adj non-contagious EPIDEMIK adj epidemic EPIDEMIYA n epidemic ASORAT n symptom complication YARA n wound, boil, ulcer, sore yarala- v.t wound yaralan- v.int get wounded yarador n wounded yarador bo'l- get wounded yarador qil- wound
100 JAROHAT n wound jarohat ko'r- be injured, be wounded jarohatli adj wounded jarohatla- v.t wound jarohatlan- v.int get wounded lat ye- get hurt lat yetkaz- hurt, cause hurt to SHIKAST adj damaged, broken, injured, hurt shikastla- v.t damage, break, injure YIRING n pus yiring bos- turn septic, become infected yiringli adj septic, infected yiringla- v.int turn septic, become infected G'URRA n bump, bruise CHANDIQ n scar SHISH n swelling CHIPQON n abscess, boil AMPULA n ampule toshma n rash KUY- kuyish burn; sunburn kuyib qol- burn oneself NX+ni oftob ur- X have sunstroke oftob urish sunstroke YALLIG' n heal, fever yallig'lan- v.int become inflamed / yallig'la- GAZAK n | gazak ol- become inflamed OG'RI- v.int be painful, hurt, be sore, ache be sick, be ill v.int | NX+i ~ X(=part of body) hurt, ache og'rib qol- fall ill og'rit- v.t cause to be painful og'riq n pain, ache, soreness n | NX ~+i pain in X(=part of body), X ache NX+ida ~ bor X(=part of body) hurt, ache kuchli og'riq sharp pain og'riq sez- have a pain og'riqsiz adj painless og'riqsizlantirish anesthesia ZIRQIRA- v.int be painful, hurt, be sore, ache v.int | NX+i ~ X(=part of body) hurt, ache zirqirat- v.t cause to be painful DARD n sickness, illness suffering, trouble, pain, distress dardli adj suffering, sickly painful, distressing AZOB n suffering azob tort- suffer azob chek- suffer his qil- feel (perception,sensation,impression) o'z+ini yomon his qil- feel bad o'z+ini yaxshi his qil- feel well maza+si qoch- do not feel well maza+si yo'q do not feel well
101 tob+i qoch- do not feel well tob+i yo'q do not feel well bosh+i aylan- be dizzy ko'ngl+i ayni- feel ill (vomit, nausea), be nauseous me'da+si buzil- have an indigestion QUS- v.int vomit, be sick ICH n stomach, belly (subjective) ich+i og'ri- have a stomach-ache ich+i ket- have diarrhea ich+i o't- have diarrhea ich+i qotib qol- have constipation QABZIYAT n constipation SURGI n laxative isitma n temperature, fever isitma+si bor have a fever isitma+si chiq- have a fever sovuq qot- get very cold TUMOV n cold adj having a cold tumov bo'lib qol- catch a cold shamolla- v.int catch a cold shamollash cold NX+ga sovuq teg- (X) catch a cold YO'TAL n cough YO'TAL- v.int cough aksir- v.int sneeze GRIPP n flu, influenza QIZAMIQ n measles KO'KYO'TAL n whooping-cough ZOTILJAM n pneumonia INFEKSIYA n infection sariq kasalligi hepatitis DIFTERIYA n diphteria BO'GMA n diphteria QUTUR- v.int get rabies, be mad quturish rabies BEZGAK n malaria VABO n cholera qand kasalligi diabetes RAK n cancer SPID n AIDS INFARKT n heart attack FALAJ n paralysis falaj bo'lib qol- get paralyzed KARAXT n numb karaxt qil- make numb karaxtlik n numbness
102 QICHI- v.int itch v.int | NX+i ~ X(=part of body) itch qichish- v.int feel itchy qichishish itch ALLERGIYA n allergy NX+ga (qarshi) ~+si bor be allergic to X araqxo'r n alcoholic, drunkard araqxo'rlik n alcoholism
DARMON n strength remedy OJIZ adj weak, helpless, handicapped; blind NX+i ojiz X(=part of body) be weak ojizlik n weakness ojizona ad helpless(ly), powerless(ly) MADOR n strength mador+i yo'q have no strength bemador adj weak behol adj weak, weakened REVMATIZM n rheumatism NOGIRON n, adj disabled, handicapped (person) nogironlar aravachasi wheelchair nogironlik n handicap MAYIB adj crippled mayib bo'l- get crippled mayib qil- cripple CHO'LOQ n cripple adj lame, maimed cho'loqlan- v.int limp, walk with a limp OQSA- v.int limp oqsoq adj lame oqsoqlan- v.int limp BUKRI adj humpbacked, hunchbacked KO'R n, adj blind ko'r qil- blind ko'rlik n blindness G'ILAY adj squinting, squint-eyed KAR n, adj deaf kar qil- deafen karlik n deafness GARANG adj deaf garanglik n deafness SOQOV n, adj dumb, mute soqovlik n dumbness kar-soqov deaf mute DUDUQ n stammerer duduqlik n stammering duduqlan- v.int stammer ruhiy kasallik mental illness JINNI n, adj mad; madman jinni bo'l- get crazy, behave stupidly jinnilik n madness, insanity
103 TELBA adj crazy, abnormal, senseless telba odam madman yarim telba a little touched telbalik n crude and rash action, madness telbalan- v.int get mad telbalarcha adv madly, crudely and rashly DEVONA n, adj feeble, mad, crazy; madman devonalik n feebleness, madness devonavor adv madly
kasal ko'r- conduct a medical consultation DAVO n cure, remedy, medicine NX+ga davo top- find a remedy, a cure for X(=illness) davo ber- give medicine davo ol- take medicine bedavo adj incurable davola- v.t treat, cure, heal davolash treatment davolovchi n healer davolan- v.int be treated, be healed davolamoq va tuzatmoq cure and heal SHIFO n recovery, curing; cure, remedy NX+ga shifo top- find a remedy for X(=illness), cure X shifokor n doctor; healer RETSEPT n prescription DORI n medicine, drug poison (gun)powder n | NX+ga qarshi ~ medicine against X(=illness) n | NX uchun ~ medicine for X(=part of body) suyuq dori syrup dori qog'ozi prescription dorigar n pharmacist, chemist dorivor adj medicinal n medecine ingredient dorivor o'simlik (medicinal) herb dori-darmon all sorts of medicine og'riq qoldiruvchi painkiller, anesthetic tinchlantiruvchi dori sedative uyqu dori sleeping pill VITAMIN n vitamin ASPIRIN n aspirin ANTIBIOTIK n antibiotics ZAHAR n poison zahar ich- take poison NX+ga zahar ber- poison X(=person) NX+ni zahar qil- poison X, spoil X(=food) zaharli adj poisonous, poisoned zaharla- v.t poison (person) zaharlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ get poisoned by X(=food) OG'U n poison, toxic og'uli adj poisonous, toxic TABLETKA n pill EMLA- v.t inject, vaccinate, treat (a patient) emlash injection, vaccination, shot
104 igna ber- give an injection UKOL n injection ukol qil- give an injection qon quyish transfusion SHPRITS n syringe RENTGEN n X-rays rentgendan o't- be X-rayed RENTGENOGRAMMA n radiograph PARHEZ n avoidance of food; diet parhez tut- diet parhez qil- diet sanitariya salfyetka sanitary towel PREZERVATIV n condom KONTRASEPSIYA n contraception OPERATSIYA n operation operatsiya qil- operate operatsiya qildir- have an operation BINT n bandage PLOMBA n fillings KORONKA n crown MEDITSINA n, adj medicine; medical TABIB n doctor (traditional medicine) tabiblik n medical work, medicine TIBBIY adj medical tibbiyot n medicine shifokor n doctor; healer tish shifokori dentist DOKTOR n doctor ko'z doktori occulist mol doktori veterinarian tish doktori dentist HAKIM n doctor VRACH n doctor JARROH n surgeon jarrohlik n surgery XIRURG n surgeon xirurgiya n surgery HAMSHIRA n nurse SANITAR n medical orderly sanitariya n sanitation kasalxona n hospital POLIKLINIKA n (poly)clinic / KLINIKA shifoxona n dispensary, clinic meditsina punkti first-aide post, clinic TUG'RUQXONA n maternity home/clinic dorixona n chemist's, pharmacy APTEKA n pharmacy aptekachi n pharmacist, chemist
105 tez tibbiy yordam emergency medical service tez yordam first aid tez yordam mashinasi ambulance tibbiy sug'urta medical insurance
106 Perception and Cognition Perception
SEZ- v.t | N(gani)X+ni ~ feel that X, have a feeling that X notice X, perceive X o'z+ini yaxshi sez- feel good o'z+ini yomon sez- feel bad sezil- v.int | NX+ga ~ be felt, noticed, perceived by X sezgi n sense (for perception) sezuvchan adj sensitive sezuvchanlik n sensitiveness sezgir adj sensitive sezgirlik n sensitiveness HIS n feeling (perception, sensation, impression) (o'z+ini) AX his qil- feel X HISSI adj perceptual TUYG'U n sense perception, sensation, feeling tuyg'uli adj sensitive (l/f) tuyg'usiz adj insensitive (l/f) his-tuyg'u feelings KECHINMA n feeling thought, dream HUSH n consciousness hush+idan ket- lose consciousness, faint hush+idan ketib qol- lose consciousness, faint hush+iga kel- regain consciousness hushsiz adj unconscious hushsizlan- v.int lose consciousness behush adj unconscious behush bo'l- lose consciousness HUSHYOR adj vigilant, attentive, watchful o'z+idan ket- lose consciousness ONG n mind; consciousness ongli adj conscious onglilik n consciousness ongsiz adj unconscious
KO'R- v.t | N(gani)X+ni ~ see X examine, look at see, meet ko'rib tur- observe, watch ko'rib chiq- examine ko'rib qol- notice ko'rin- v.int be visible, appear, emerge ko'zga ko'rin- be visible ko'rgaz- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ show X to Y ko'rsat- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ show X to Y, point X out to Y, demonstrate NX+ni NY+ga ~+ib ber- indicate X to Y, point X out to Y QARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ look at X, watch X, gaze at X look out for X look after X, take care of X depend on X, relate to X, pertain to X NX+ga qarab boq- have a look to X NX+ga qarab tur- observe X, watch X
107 NAZAR n glance, look opinion, view NX+ga ~ sol- glance at X NX+ga ~ tashla- glance at X NX+ga nazar tush- notice NX+ning nazar+iga tush- be noticed by X PAYQA- v.t notice, observe NX+ga ko'z tashla- examine X, have a look on X NX+ga ko'z tush- glance at X NX+ni ko'zdan kechir- look through, examine BOQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ look at X, watch X, gaze at X take care of X, bring up X MO'RALA- v.int | NX+ga ~ peep at X, watch X, look at X KUZAT- v.t observe, watch, survey kuzatuvchi n observer tikil- v.int | NX+ga ~ stare at X ko'z+i o'tkir sharp-eyed KO'R n, adj blind ko'r qil- blind ko'rlik n blindness
ESHIT- v.t | N(gani)X+ni ~ hear X listen to eshitil- v.int be heard eshituvchi n listener TINGLA- v.t listen to KAR n, adj deaf kar qil- deafen karlik n deafness GARANG adj deaf garanglik n deafness
HID n smell, odour; scent NX+ning ~+i kel- (X) smell (X emanate an odour) NX+ning ~+i tarat- (X) smell (X emanate an odour) NX+ning ~+i sez- smell X (perceive an odour) hidli adj scented, odorous hidsiz adj scentless, odourless hidla- v.t smell (perceive an odour) IS n scent, smell NX+ning ~+i kel- smell (X emanate an odour) ISKA- v.t smell, sniff at BO'Y n scent, smell xushbo'y adj fragrant, aromatic xushbo'y hid fragrance ATIR n perfume, fragrance, scent SASI- v.int stink, smell get rotten, get putrid sasib qol- get rotten, get putrid SASSIQ adj stinky, evil-smelling sassiq hid evil smell sassiqlik n stink, stench
108 OG'RI- v.int be painful, hurt, be sore, ache v.int | NX+i ~ X(=part of body) hurt, ache og'rit- v.t cause to be painful og'riq n pain, ache, soreness n | NX ~+i pain in X(=part of body), X ache NX+ida ~ bor X(=part of body) hurt, ache og'riqsiz adj painless ZIRQIRA- v.int be painful, hurt, be sore, ache v.int | NX+i ~ X(=part of body) hurt, ache zirqirat- v.t cause to be painful DARD n suffering, trouble, pain, distress dardli adj painful, distressing hamdard adj | NX+ga ~ sympathetic towards X AZOB n suffering azob tort- suffer azob chek- suffer NX+ga ~ ber- torture X azobla- v.t cause suffering, torment azoblan- v.int suffer from torment UQUBAT n suffering, hardship uqubat ichida in suffering, in hardships uqubat ostida in suffering, in hardships azob-uqubat sufferings, hardships, distress azob-uqubat tort- suffer azob-uqubat chek- suffer azob-uqubatli making suffer, hard, distressful AZIYAT n suffering, hardship, torment aziyat chek- suffer QIYNA- v.t harass, torture, torment qiynal- v.int | NX+dan ~ suffer torture, torment of X qiynoq n harassment, torture, torment JAFO n torture, suffering jafo tort- suffer NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- torture, ill-treat NX+ga jafo et-/qil- torture, ill-treat jafoli adj toilsome, hard
109 Mind
ONG n mind; consciousness IDROK n intelligence, sense, reason idrok qil- perceive idrokli adj sensible, intelligent idroksiz adj unreasonable MIYA n brain, marrow brain, mind miya+si qot- be at a loss TAMIZ n mind, reason betamiz adj silly, simple, stupid ZEHN n mind, intellect zehnli adj clever, bright zehniy adj intellectual AQL n intelligence, mind aql+i kam stupid, foolish aql+i adash- get muddled aql+i oz- go out of one's mind aql+ini yo'qotib qo'y- lose one's reason aqlli adj intelligent, clever, wise aqllilik n intelligence (in action), cleverness aqliy adj intellectual boaql adj intelligent, wise aqlsiz adj stupid, silly aqlsizlik n stupidity, silliness aql-idrok mind, intelligence ESLI adj intelligent, wise ZAKOVAT n intelligence, wisdom zakovatli adj intelligent, wise DONO adj wise, learned, sagacious donolik n wisdom, learning, sagacity DONISHMAND n wise man donishmandlik n wisdom, learning HIKMAT n wisdom, sapience hikmatli adj wise (of words) behikmat adj without wisdom FAHM n sharpness, sensibleness fahmli adj sharp, sensible, quick-witted befahm adj silly, simple, stupid fahmla- v.t understand, grasp KALTAFAHM adj stupid, limited kaltafahmlik n stupidity uquv n understanding, ability uquvli adj talented, intelligent FAROSAT n ingenuity, shrewdness, penetration farosatli adj wise, shrewd O'TKIR adj keen, clever, smart, alert ZIYRAK adj shrewd, witty, astute ziyraklik n shrewdness, astuteness MUG'OMBIR adj sly, cunning mug'ombirlik n sliness, cunning mug'ombirlik qil- use cunning, pretend hiylagar adj sly, cunning
110 epchil adj clever, smart, ingenious epchillik n cleverness, smartness, ingenuity ABJIR adj skilful, dexterous, deft abjirlik n skill, dexterity, deftness CHAQQON ad quick(ly), skilful, nimble chaqqonlik n quickness, nimbleness tezkor adj quick, deft, efficient, effective tezkorlik n quickness, deftness, efficiency, effectiveness serharakat adj quick, deft, smart DAHO n genious GENIY n genious GENIAL adj of genious AHMOQ adj stupid, foolish ahmoqlik n stupidity, foolishness ahmoqona adj stupid, foolish (action, words) TENTAK adj silly, stupid, foolish tentaklik n silliness, stupidness, foolishness ABLAH n scoundrel, bastard adj foolish, stupid ablahlarcha adv foolishly, stupidly BEHUDA ad foolish(ly) QO'POL adj coarse, vulgar qo'pollik n coarseness, vulgarity
ES n memory mind es+ida tut- keep in mind, bear in mind es+ida saqla- keep in mind, bear in mind esga olib qo'y- memorize es+iga sol- remind (about) es+ida bor remember es+ida yo'q do not remember es+iga tush- remember, come to mind es+iga kel(di)- remember, come to mind es+idan chiq(ar)- forget esdan chiqarib VX forget to X es+i ket- lose one's head esdalik n keepsake, memento esla- v.t remember, recall, bear in mind eslab qol- memorize eslat- v.t remind eslatib ot- mention eslatma n notes, record YOD n memory yod+ida tut- keep in mind, bear in mind yod+ida saqla- keep in mind, bear in mind yod ol- learn by heart yod bil- know by heart yod+iga tush- remember, come to mind yod+iga kel- remember, come to mind yod+idan chiq- forget yod qil- learn by heart yodla- v.t memorize yodlab ol- learn by heart yodaki adv by heart yodgor n keepsake, souvenir / yodgorlik
111 ZIKR n remembrance, recollection NX+da zikr qil- remember (about) X XOTIRA n memory (as a capacity) NX+ning ~+si uchun in memory of X xotira+sida remember xotira+si tut- memorize xotira+si saqla- memorize xotira+siga kel- remember, come to mind xotira+sidan chiq- forget NX+ni xotira+sidan chiqar- forget X nazarda tut- keep in mind, take into account ko'zda tut- keep in mind, consider, consider the interest of anticipate QAYD n notation, mark, record qayd et-/qil- note down, register KONSPEKT n notes, abstract YOZ- yozib qo'y- write down, note down UNUT- v.t forget unutil- v.int be forgotten unutilmas unforgettable unutuvchan adj absent-minded, inattentive unutuvchanlik n absent-mindedness, inattention
KECHINMA n feeling thought, dream TUSH n dream tush ko'r- dream NX tush+iga kir- dream about X BOSINQIRA- v.int rave, have nightmares bosinqirash nightmare XAYOL n imagination, fantasy, dream thought, view memory xayol+ida in my thoughts xayol+iga keltir- imagine, remember shirin xayol fond dream, fantasy xayol qil- imagine, dream xayol sur- imagine, dream xom xayol illusion, idle fancy, wild dream xayoliy adj imaginary, utopic xayolparast n dreamer xayolchan adj dreamy, thoughtful xayolkash n dreamer TASAVVUR n imagination NX+ni tasavvur et-/qil- imagine, have an idea about X O'Y n thought, thinking o'yla- v.t think of, consider, have in mind o'ylab top- guess, find out o'ylab ko'r- think about o'ylab qo'y- think over o'ylan- v.int meditate o'ylash- v.int consider together o'ychan adj pensive, thoughtful
112 FIKR n thought, idea NX ustida ~ yurit- think deeply, reflect on X n | NX haqida / to'g'risida ~ opinion, view about X fikr qil- think fikrla- v.int think, reflect fikrlash- v.int exchange points of view TAFAKKUR n thought, reflection tushuncha n notion, concept nazariy adj theoretical nazariya n theory nazariyachi n theorician amaliy adj practical amaliyot n practice MAVHUM adj abstract KONKRET ad concrete(ly) SUBYEKTIV adj subjective OBYEKTIV adj objective MANTIQ n logic mantiqiy adj logical LOGIK adj logical logika n logic ASOS n basis, foundation, ground n | NX+ga ~ reason for X, basis for X CHAMA n estimation, reckoning, opinion chama+sida in X's reckoning, in Xs opinion chamala- v.t estimate, guess TUSMOL n guess, supposition tusmolla- v.int guess, suppose tusmollab VX do X tentatively, at random TAXMIN n supposition, guess, assumption VX+ishini taxmin qil- suppose, assume that X taxminla- v.t suppose, assume FARAZ n supposition, hypothesis CX deb faraz qil- suppose X, make an assumption faraziy adj hypothetical farazan adv as a supposition GIPOTEZA n hypothesis ISBOT n proof isbot bo'l- get proved isbot et-/qil- prove isbotla- v.t prove isbotlab ber- prove DALIL n proof, evidence NX+ga ~ bor there is a proof to X NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- prove X NX+ga ~ keltir- prove X dalilli adj proved dalilsiz adj unproved dalilla- v.t prove XULOSA n conclusion, summary, result xulosa chiqar- draw a conclusion from xulosa qil- conclude, summarize xulosala- v.t conclude, summarize
113 SIR n secret, mystery sir saqla- keep a secret sir och- disclose, reveal a secret sir-siroat secrets sirli adj secret, mysterious YASHIR- v.t hide, conceal yashirin- v.int hide, take refuge yashirin adj secret yashirincha adv secretly g'oyibona adv being invisible, secretly YOP- v.t cover up, hide MAXFIY adj clandestine, secret o'g'rincha adv stealthily, secretly, covertly BEKIN- v.int | NX+dan ~ hide from X BEKIT- v.t shut, lock hide IZLA- v.t look for, search for (esp. sth lost) izlan- v.int be searched for izlanish n research QIDIR- v.t look for, seek qidirish research AXTAR- v.t look for, search for TINTI- v.t search tintuv n search tintuv qil- search, go through TOP- v.t find, discover, detect gain, earn, get think, consider, find qidirib top- (search and) find izlab top- (search and) find topil- v.int be found, discovered, earned topildiq n find KASHF n discovery, invention kashf et-/qil- discover, invent kashfiyot n discovery, invention OCH- v.t open uncover, discover, disclose ochib yubor- uncover, disclose ochil- v.int be disclosed, come out ochilish discovery OSHKORA adj open, overt adj | NX+ga ~ evident, clear to X oshkora bo'l- be revealed, disclosed, made public oshkora qil- reveal, disclose, make public oshkoralik n publicity fosh qil- reveal, expose, disclose fosh qilin- be revealed, exposed, disclosed NX+ni ko'zdan kechir- look through, examine KO'R- v.t examine, look at QARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ look out for X KUZAT- v.t observe, watch, survey kuzatuvchi n observer
114 TEKSHIR- v.t examine, test, check research, investigate tekshirib ko'r- check, verify tekshirish n examination, research, inspection tekshirish qil- examine, check, investigate tekshiril- v.int be examined, investigated tekshiruvchi n inspector, tester, investigator TERGA- v.t question, investigate, cross-examine tergov n inquiry, investigation tergov qil- inquire, investigate SURISHTIR- v.t investigate, trace, cross-examine SINA- v.t try, experiment, test; examine sinab ko'r- try, test sinal- v.int be tried, tested, examined sinalgan tested, examined reliable, experienced sinov n trial, experiment, examination, test sinovdan o'tkaz- test, experiment TAJRIBA n experiment, test experience NX ustida ~ experiment, test on X tajriba qil- experiment, test SOLISHTIR- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ compare X with Y solishtirma adj comparative CHOG'ISHTIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ compare X with Y v.t | NX+larni bir-biriga ~ compare Xs with each other TAQQOSLA- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ compare X with Y NX+larni bir-biriga ~+b ko'r- compare Xs with each other QIYOS n comparison NX+ni NY+ga qiyos et-/qil- compare X with Y qiyosiy adj comparative qiyosla- v.t compare FARQ n | NX bilan NY orasida ~ differences between X and Y NX+ni bir-biridan farq qil- distinguish Xs from each other farqla- v.t distinguish QORISH- v.int mix together, mingle qorishtir- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ mix X with Y, confuse X with Y NX+ni (bir-birlari bilan) ~ mix up X (with each other), confuse X TAHLIL n analysis tahlil qil-/et- analyze MASALA n problem, question masala qo'y- raise a problem MISOL n (mathematics) problem MUAMMO n enigma; problem muammoli adj enigmatic JUMBOQ n enigma, problem topishmoq n riddle tomonlama adj sided, sidedly HAL hal bo'l- be solved, settled hal qil-/et- solve, settle YECH- v.t resolve (problems) yechim n solution haqiqat qil- elucidate, clear up haqiqatla- v.t clarify, clear up
115 oydinlash- v.int get explained, get clear oydinlashtir- v.t make clear, resolve / oydinlat- TUSHUN- v.t understand, grasp tushuntir- v.t explain, expound, illustrate tushuncha n notion, concept understanding, comprehension tushunarli adj easy to understand tushunarsiz adj incomprehensible tushunmovchilik n misunderstanding ANGLA- v.t understand anglashilmovchilik n misunderstanding fahmla- v.t understand, grasp UQ- v.t understand uqtir- v.t make understand, explain uquv n understanding, ability AQL aql+i adash- get muddled CHALG'I- v.int get muddled, lose the train of thought chalg'it- v.t muddle up oldindan sez- sense, foresee, anticipate BASHORAT n prediction, prophecy
116 Knowledge
BIL- v.t know, comprehend VX+ishni ~ know how to X VX+ganini ~ know that X bilmay / bilmasdan unknowingly bilar-bilmas without being sure, hastily bilish know-how bilish+icha to one's knowledge bilmaslik n ignorance bilin- v.int reveal itself, be known bildir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ make X known to Y, inform Y of X express X to Y bildirmasdan secretly bilarmon n educated, skilled bilim n knowledge, education bilimli adj learned bilimsiz adj ignorant bilimsizlik n ignorance bilimdon adj of great learning MA'LUM adj | NX+ga ~ known to certain (known but not specified) NX+ga ~ ki CY (X) know that Y NX+ni NY+ga ma'lum qil- inform Y of X, make X known to Y ma'lumot n knowledge, learning, education information, news, report; data ma'lumotli adj well-educated, well-read ma'lumotsiz adj without much learning noma'lum adj unknown TANI- v.t know, be acquainted with v.t | (NX+dan) ~ recognize (from X) tanishga o'xsha- look/sound familiar tanish n acquaintance tanishlar acquaintances adj | NX+ga ~ familiar with X notanish adj unknown, unfamiliar tanil- v.int be known be recognized tanilmagan unknown tanish- v.int | NX bilan ~ get acquainted with X taniqli adj | NX bilan ~ well-known, famous for X yod qil- learn by heart yod(dan) ayt- recite yod(dan) bil- know by heart yodla- yodlab ol- learn by heart G'AFLAT n ignorance g'aflatda qol- remain in ignorance JAHOLAT n ignorance YOT adj | NX+ga ~ unknown to X, alien to X NODON adj ignorant, fool nodonlik n ignorance nodonlarcha adv out of ignorance JOHIL adj ignorant, unrefined johillik n ignorance, lack of refinement TAJRIBA n experiment, test experience tajribali adj experienced tajribasiz adj inexperienced
117 sinal- sinalgan tested, examined reliable, experienced PISH- v.int get mature, experienced pishiq adj experienced, strong pishiqla- v.t review, prepare MASHHUR adj famous, well-known SHUHRAT n fame, glory OTOQLI adj famous, well-known NX+ning ot+i chiq- become famous nom chiqar- become famous DONG n fame, prestige dongdor adj famous, prestigious DOVRUQ n fame, glory OVOZA n fame, (good) reputation badnom n, adj dishonour(able), (with) bad reputation
ALBATTA adv certainly, definitely, of course MUMKIN adj possible adj | NX VY+ishi ~ (Y) be possible for X bo'lishi mumkin (bo'lgan) (whose existence is) possible mumkinlik n possibility nomumkin adj impossible IMKON n possibility imkoniyat n possibility, opportunity imkonsiz adj impossible EHTIMOL ad probable(ly), possible(ly) n probability, possibility har ehtimolga qarshi just in case ehtimollik n probability O'XSHA- v.int | NX+ga ~ be like X, resemble X v.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ it seems/looks as if X CHAMA chamasi CX it seems that X SHEKILLI adv | CX ~ apparently X, it seems/looks as if X KERAK adj | VX+sa ~ probably, might, perhaps ANIQ ad clear(ly), obvious(ly) precise(ly), exact(ly) definite(ly), absolute(ly) aniqlik n clarity precision aniqsiz adj unclear imprecise, vague noaniq adj unclear, imprecise vague noaniqlik n obscurity, imprecision vagueness aniqla- v.t clarify, clear up, make sure YAQQOL adj clear, obvious, distinct MUQARRAR ad certain(ly), definite(ly), inevitable(y) turgan gap definite, certain TAYIN adj fixed, determined, arranged betayin adj unclear, imprecise, vague untidy, muddle-headed betayinlik n imprecision, vagueness untidiness
118 RAVSHAN ad clear(ly), clear-cut ravshanlan- v.int become clearer TA'KID n obviousness, evidence ta'kidla- v.t state a fact, make clear, stress MUJMAL adj indeterminate, vague, indefinite mujmallik n vagueness, indefiniteness BALKI adv perhaps, maybe / BALKIM SHUBHA n doubt, suspicion shubhali adj dubious, suspicious (facts, people) shubhasiz adj beyond doubt, sure (facts, people) adv surely, no doubt shubhala- v.t doubt, suspect shubhalan- v.int | NX+dan ~ be doubtful, be suspicious about X shubhalantir- v.t | NX NY+ni ~ (Y) have doubts about X GUMON n suspicion, doubt (about people) NY+dan NX+ning ~+i bor (X) be suspicious of Y NX+dan gumon qil- suspect X, doubt X dargumon adj doubtful, suspect gumondor adj | NX+dan ~ suspicious, dubious about X gumonsira- v.int | NX+dan ~ be suspicious, be doubtful about X TO'G'RI adj straight right, correct, true honest, sincere, upright (man or words) to'ppa-to'g'ri perfectly right, correct N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri kel- it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X to'g'rilik n rightness, correctness noto'g'ri adj wrong, incorrect, false to'g'rila- v.t correct, put right DURUST adj good, regular, fair proper, correct, accurate durustla- v.t regulate, tune, put right HAQ n truth, reality right(s) haqli haqli bo'l- be right haqli emas be wrong HAQIQAT n truth, reality haqiqatdan in truth, indeed haqiqatdan aytganda to tell the truth haqiqatan adv in truth, indeed darhaqiqat adv as a matter of fact HAQIQIY adj true, real HAQQONIY adj just, appropriate ROST ad true(ly), real(ly), factual rostini aytganda to tell the truth rostmi? rost! really? really! rostdan adv really, indeed rostlik n truth, reality, facts rost gap the truth REAL adj real practicable, workable NAHOTKI adv | ~ CX? really, X? XATO n error, mistake, fault adj wrong, faulty, false, erroneous xato qil- make a mistake xatolik n error, mistake, faulse xatosiz adj without error / mistake, faultless bexato adj without error / mistake, faultless
119 ADASH- v.int | NX+dan ~ lose X(= path l/f) err, be mistaken about X adashib qol- get lost adashtir- v.t mislead, lead astray YANGLISH adj incorrect, wrong, erroneous yanglishsiz adj without error, correct YANGLISH- v.int | NX+dan ~ be mistaken about X YOLG'ON n lie, falsehood yolg'on gapir- lie, tell lies yolg'on so'zla- lie, tell lies yolg'on-yashiq pack of lies, nonsense yolg'onchi n liar YOLG'ONDAKAM adj untrue, false
ODAT n habit custom, usage odatlan- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ get used to X, make a habit of X odatlantir- v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ accustom to X, get used to X KO'NIK- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ get used to X, get accustomed to X, put up with X accustom to X, get used to X ko'niktir- v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ habit ko'nikma n O'RGAN- v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ learn X, study X v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ get used to X, grow accustomed to X o'rganish learning, studies O'RGAT- v.t | N(ish)X+ga NY ~ teach Y to X MASHQ n | NX+dan ~ (X) exercise, practice mashq qil- train, exercise N(ish)X+ni mashq qil- practise X mashq qildir- train, exercise takroriy adj revision takrorla- v.t repeat review, revise (lessons) O'QI- v.t read study, read o'qish n reading studies, lessons o'qit- v.t teach o'qitil- v.int be taught o'qituvchi n teacher, lecturer o'quv n study, education, training o'quvchi n pupil o'qimishlik n learning, knowledge o'qimishli adj learned, well-read mashg'ulot n task, operation studies TA'LIM n teaching, education, guidance NX+ga ~ ber- teach X, instruct X ta'lim ko'r- receive education, instruction ta'limot n education TARBIYA n upbringing, education, training tarbiyali adj brought up, educated tarbiyaviy n educational, training tarbiyasiz adj uneducated tarbiyala- v.t bring up, educate, train tarbiyachi n instructor, trainer, educator ta'lim-tarbiya training, education
120 yetishtir- v.t bring up (children); breed, raise (animals) yetishtiril- v.int be brought up (children); be bred, raised (animals) PRAKTIKA n training period, training course MAORIF n education maorifchi n educationist, educator MA'RIFAT n learning, scholarship, enlightenment ma'rifatparvarlik n enlightening PEDAGOG n pedagogue pedagogik adj pedagogical pedagogiya n pedagogy boshlang'ich ma'lumot primary education o'rta ma'lumot secondary education oliy ma'lumot higher education tushuntir- v.t explain, expound, illustrate tushuntirish explanations, directions tushuntiril- v.int be explained DARS n lesson, class dars ol- have lessons NX+dan ~ ber- teach X(=subject) darslik n testbook SABOQ n lesson (l/f) saboq ol- have a lesson, learn saboq ber- teach saboqdosh n classmate, fellow student DIKTANT n dictation LEKSIYA n lecture uy ishi homework uy vazifasi homework MATERIAL n material(s) (physical / documents) IZOH n postscript, footnote izohot n explanation, commentary NY+ga NX haqida ~ ber- explain X to Y, give explanation izohla- v.t explain, comment, interpret SHARH n commentary, interpretation, explanation sharh qil- give a commentary on, explain sharhla- v.t give a commentary on, explain sharhlovchi n commentator, interpreter ESKARTMA n footnote, note, comment bolalar bog'chasi kindergarten MAKTAB n school, elementary school boshlang'ich maktab elementary school o'rta maktab secondary school oliy maktab university maktabga bor- go to school, attend school maktabga kir- start, enter school maktabdosh n alumnus, alumna KOLLEJ n middle school, junior high school LITSEY n secondary school, high school texnikum n technical college bilim yurti institution of higher learning, technical college UNIVERSITET n university DORILFUNUN n university FAKULTET n faculty
121 INSTITUT n institute o'quv yurti educational establishment, learning institution AKADEMIK n academic AKADEMIYA n academy tajribaxona n laboratory LABORATORIYA n laboratory RASADXONA n observatory OBSERVATORIYA n observatory SINF n class (social, school, transport) classroom sinfdosh n classmate sinfxona n classroom o'quvxona n classroom STIPENDIYA n scholarship (money), grant KURS n course, school year kursdosh n schoolmate, fellow student IMTIHON n examination kirish imtihonlari entrance examinations bitirish imtihonlari graduation examinations imtihon topshir- take an examination imtihon ber- take an examination NX+dan ~ ol- examine X(=student) imtihondan o't- pass an exam imtihondan yiqil- fail one's exam imtihonsiz adj without examination kontrol ish test, assessment yozma ish written test O'T- v.int | NX+dan ~ pass X(=exams, tests) SINA- v.t try, experiment, test; examine sinal- v.int be tried, tested, examined sinov n trial, experiment, examination, test tugat- v.t finish, complete graduate from, finish (school) bitir- v.t finish, complete graduate, finish school TAMOM n end, finish tamom qil- graduate tamomla- v.t graduate from, finish (school) DIPLOM n diploma, degree o'quvchi n pupil o'qituvchi n teacher, lecturer TOLIB n student TALABA n student (mainly traditional) MUALLIM n teacher muallima n teacher (female) STUDENT n student studentka n student (female) ASPIRANT n post-graduate student aspirantura n post-graduate study PROFESSOR n professor DOMLA n professor, teacher, master
122 MURABBIY n tutor murabbiya n governess USTOZ n tutor, teacher ustozlik NY+ga NX+da ~ qil- be Y's teacher in X SHOGIRD n apprentice shogirdlik n apprenticeship USTA n foreman, master worker adj | NX+ga ~ expert in X, skilled in X ustalik n mastery, skills IXTISOS n speciality ixtisos ol- specialize ixtisosli adj specialized ixtisoslan- v.int | NX+da ~ specialize in X MUTAXASSIS n | NX bo'yicha ~ expert, specialist in X mutaxassislik n expertise SAVOD n literacy savodli adj literate savodsiz adj illiterate savodsizlik n illiteracy savodxon n literate man CHALASAVOD n semi-literate MULLA n learned man, literate man
FAN n science fanniy adj scientific ILM n science, learning ilmli adj having great learning ilmiy adj scientific, academic ilmiy xodim scientific worker, research worker ilmiy izlanish scientific research ilmsiz adj uneducated ilmparvar adj craving for knowledge ilm-fan sciences TADQIQ n research, study, analysis tadqiq qil-/et- research, study, investigate tadqiqot n research, survey tadqiqotchi n researcher TEXNIK adj technical n technician, mechanic texnika n technique, technology technique, art, skill TEXNOLOGIYA n technology injenerlik n engineering HUNAR n craft, handicraft, profession, trade skill, talent hunarli adj skilled MOHIR adj skilful, masterly, clever mohirlik n skill mohirona adv skilfully, masterfully, cleverly MAHORAT n skill, mastery, technical ability mahoratli adj highly skilled, masterly mahoratsiz adj unskilled MALAKA n qualifications malakali adj qualified, skilled ZIYOLI adj, n intellectual
123 MUTAFAKKIR n thinker, intellectual mutafakkirlik n wisdom, intellect OLIM n scholar, scientist olima n (female) scholar, scientist olimlik n scholarship, erudition izlanuvchi n researcher, research worker DOKTOR n doctor HAKIM n doctor DISSERTATSIYA n thesis ENSIKLOPEDIK adj encyclopaedic ENSIKLOPEDIYA n encyclopaedia QOMUS n encyclopaedia, dictionary SOHA n domain, field TARMOQ n branch, domain FALSAFA n philosophy FAYLASUF n philosopher tabiatshunos n naturalist tabiatshunoslik n natural science tabiiyot n natural science MATEMATIK n mathematician adj mathematical matematika n mathematics GEOMETRIYA n geometry ALGEBRA n algebra FIZIK n physicist adj physical FIZIKA n physics XIMIK n chemist adj chemical XIMIYA n chemistry KIMYO n chemistry kimyoviy adj chemical kimyogar n chemist FALAKIYOT n (Middle Ages) astronomy falakiyotchi n (Middle Ages) astronom ASTRONOM n astronom astronomik adj astronomic(al) astronomiya n astronomy GEOLOG n geologist geologik adj geological geologiya n geology BIOLOG n biologist biologik adj biological biologiya n biology BOTANIK n botanist adj botanical botanika n botany hayvonotshunos n zoologist hayvonotshunoslik n zoology ZOOLOG n zoologist zoologik adj zoological zoologiya n zoology
124 MEDITSINA n, adj medicine; medical TIBBIY adj medical tibbiy ilm medical science tibbiy olim medical scientist tibbiyot n medicine ijtimoiy fanlar social sciences ANTROPOLOG n anthropologist antropologiya n anthropology PSIXOLOG n psychologist psixologik adj psychological psixologiya n psychology SOTSIOLOG n sociologist sotsiologik adj sociologic sotsiologiya n sociology tilshunos n linguist tilshunoslik n linguistics TARIX n history tarixchi n historian tarixshunos n historian ARXEOLOG n archeologist arxeologik adj archeological arxeologiya n archeology JUG'ROFIY adj geographic jug'rofiya n geography jug'rofiyashunos n geographer GEOGRAF n geographer geografik adj geographic geografiya n geography sharqshunos n orientalist sharqshunoslik n orientalism EKONOMIK adj economic ekonomika n economics EKONOMIST n economist iqtisod fani economics siyosiy fanlar political science
125 Meaning and Spirit Opinion
FIKR n thought, idea n | NX haqida / to'g'risida ~ opinion, view about X fikr+icha in one's opinion fikr almash- exchange points of view fikrlash- v.int exchange points of view MULOHAZA n reflection, consideration opinion, consideration mulohaza qil- consider mulohazali adj sensible, sane mulohazasiz adj unreasonable NAZAR n glance, look opinion, view nazar+ida in one's opinion nuqtai nazar point of view, opinion NX+ni nazar+iga ilma- don't consider X worth oneself (ko'z) qarash outlook, point of view, opinion DUNYOQARASH n world outlook qaraganda post | NX+ga ~ according to X KO'RA post | N(ish)X+ga ~ in accordance with X, according to X, because of X in comparison with X post | NX+dan ~ qat'iyan adv definitely uzil-kesil definite(ly), categorical(ly) TOP- v.t think, consider, find SANA- CX deb ~ at last X, consider that X hisobla- v.t | CX deb ~ at last X, consider that X hisoblan- v.int | NX ~ be considered as X o'yla- CX deb o'yla- think, imagine, believe that X NX+ni NY deb o'yla- consider X to be Y, regard X as Y think, imagine, believe X to be Y BIL- NX+ni NY deb bil- consider X to be Y, regard X as Y think, imagine, believe X to be Y KUT- v.t expect kutil- v.int be expected kutilmaganlik n surprise N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i yet- see through that X, expect X oldindan ko'r- foresee, anticipate ISHON- v.int | N(ish)X+ga~ believe in X v.int | NX+ga ~ trust X ishonish belief, faith ishontir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ convince X of Y ishonarli adj certain, sure ishonch n | NX+ga ~ (positive) belief, confidence in X NX+ga ~+i komil bo'l- be certain of X ishonchli adj trustworthy, reliable ishonchsiz adj not trustworthy, unreliable INON- v.int | NX+ga believe in X inontir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ convince X of Y
126 E'TIQOD n | NX+ga ~ faith in X, conviction NX+ga ~+i bor have faith in X, be convinced of X e'tiqodli adj faithful, convinced qo'shil- v.int | NX+ga ~ join X, participate to X agree to X, support X kelish- v.int come together v.int | NX+ga ~ agree, reach an agreement on X kelishtir- v.t reconcile, make reach an agreement kelishuv n agreement kelishuvchilik n compromise kelishmovchilik n disagreement, discord NX+ning gap+iga kir- agree with X KO'N- v.int | NX+ga ~ agree to X(=opinion) ko'ndir- v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ persuade, convince of X MAYL mayl bo'l- be won over NX+ni NY+ga mayl et-/qil- Y win over X ROZI adj | NX+dan ~ pleased, satisfied with X adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) agree to X MA'QUL adj agreeable, reasonable, suitable pleasable NX+ga ~ bo'l- agree with X ma'qul top- find reasonable, suitable ma'qulla- v.t agree with, approve of MUNOZARA n dispute, debate, controversy munozara qil- discuss, debate, contend munozarali adj debatable, questionable munozarasiz adj debatable, questionable munozaralash- v.int discuss, debate, contend IXTILOF n divergence, discord ixtilofli adj divergent, contentious YAKDIL adj unanimous yakdillik n unanimity yakdillik bilan unanimously bir og'izdan unanimously e'tirof et-/qil- acknowledge, admit, recognize
QIMMAT n value, worth qimmatli adj valuable, precious qimmatsiz adj worthless, valueless qimmatlan- v.int gain in value ARZI- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ be worth X arzimagan worthless QADR n worth, value honour, value qadrsiz adj worthless, valueless qadrla- v.t esteem, value highly, prize qadr-qiymat value BAHO n price, value, worth grade, evaluation, mark NX+ga (AY) ~ ber- evaluate X (as Y) NX+dan (AY) ~ ol- get a (Y) evaluation, receive a (Y) mark in X bahola- v.t fix the price evaluate
127 YARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ be fit for X, suit X, be appropriate for X yaramas of no use, useless yaroqli adj | NX+ga ~ well-suited, suitable; useful for X yaroqsiz adj unsuitable; of no use, useless qoniqarli adj satisfactory qoniqarsiz ad unsatisfactory(ly) YAXSHI ad good, fine, well, nice, kind yaxshi bo'l- improve VX+gani ~ bo'l- X come at the right moment yaxshisi it would be best yaxshi! very well!, right!, good! yaxshilik n good yaxshila- v.t improve yaxshilab adv very well, at a high level yaxshilan- v.int improve SOZ adj excellent, good, exquisite DURUST adj good, regular, fair proper, correct, accurate TUZUK adj correct, good, pleasant, nice tuppa-tuzuk absolutely correct tuzuklik n correctness, pleasantness tuzukla- v.t correct A'LO adj excellent a'lo darajada(gi) of high level in quality a'lo darajali of high level in quality a'lochi n very good element, high flier MUMTOZ adj of high standard, of high quality AJIB adj wonderful, marvellous AJOYIB adj wonderful, marvellous, great charming NX+ni qoyil qil- do X admirably, wonderfully SOG'LOM adj good, sound SHINAM adj comfortable, cozy, nice SIFAT n quality sifatli adj | (yuqori) ~ high grade, high quality sifatsiz adj low grade, poor quality MUKAMMAL adj perfect, complete mukammallik n perfection mukammallashtir- v.t perfect KAMOLOT n maturity, perfection / KAMOL NX+da kamolga yet- attain perfection in X CHALA adj unfinished, incomplete immature, premature ILG'OR adj advanced, leading; outstanding USTUN adj superior NX+dan ~ kel- surpass X ustunlik n superiority AFZAL adj | NX+dan ~ better than X afzallik n superiority ortiqlik n superiority, advantage YOMON ad bad(ly) bad, wicked, evil yomonlash- v.int get worse
128 PAST adj low poor, bad yaramas adj improper, unsuitable, poor, mediocre AYNI- v.int worsen, get worse, go bad darajali adj | NX/AX ~ up to X's standard kamchilik n default, shortcoming ILLAT n defect, harm, weakness, trouble illatli adj faulty, defective, weak illatsiz adj without defect NUQSON n defect nuqsonli adj defective O'RTA n, adj centre, middle; central o'rtachilik n mediocrity O'RTAMIYONA adj mediocre, poor ULUG' adj great, tremendous, famous ulug'la- v.t glorify, venerate ulug'vor adj imposing, majestic BUYUK adj great, grand YIRIK adj prominent SHOH adj outstanding, main HAYBAT n majesty, greatness haybatli adj majestic, imposing, awe-inspiring formidable, frightening, fearsome bahaybat adj colossal, huge formidable, frightning, fearsome beqiyos adj incomparable, matchless IJOBIY adj positive, affirmative SALBIY adj negative N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri kel- it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X MUNOSIB adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) (be) relevant to X, suitable for X, matching X MUVOFIQ adj | NX+ga ~ suitable for X, reasonable muvofiqlik n suitability LOYIQ adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) suitable for X, fit X; deserving X N(ish)X+ga ~ ko'r- find suitable for X BOP adj suitable, appropriate nobop adj unsuitable, inappropriate o'rinli adj appropriate, reasonable, justified o'rinsiz adj unappropriate, arbitrary HAQQONIY adj just, appropriate haqqoniyat n justice, legitimacy, appropriateness haqqoniyatsizlik n inappropriateness
GO'ZAL adj beautiful, pretty, attractive go'zallik n beauty, prettiness go'zallash- v.int get more beautiful, attractive go'zallashtir- v.t beautify, make more attractive CHIROY n beauty chiroy+iga chiroy qo'shil- grow more attractive chiroyli adj beautiful handsome, pretty, good-looking
129 KO'RK n beauty, charm ko'rkam adj beautiful, handsome ko'rkamlik n beauty ko'rkamlash- v.int embellish ko'rkamlashtir- v.t beautify HUSN n beauty, charm husndor adj beautiful, charming SULUK adj beautiful, pretty JONON n beautiful woman, beauty BARNO adj pretty, comely barnolik n prettiness, comeliness ko'rinishli adj pretty, attractive, handsome yaxshi ko'rinishli pretty, nice, handsome HASHAMAT n magnificence, splendour, lavishness hashamatli adj magnificent, splendid, sumptuous, lavish XUNUK n ugly xunuklik adj ugliness ko'rimsiz adj ugly, unattractive badbashara adj ugly, unattractive badbasharalik n ugliness, unattractiveness asosiy adj basic, fundamental; main, principal MUHIM adj important muhim bo'l- import muhimlik n importance AHAMIYAT n significance, importance N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- attach importance to X ahamiyati yo'q it does not matter ahamiyatli adj significant, important ahamiyatsiz adj insignificant, unimportant ikkinchi orindagi secondary JIDDIY adj serious, earnest serious, grave, critical jiddiy ahvol critical situation jiddiylik n seriousness, gravity jiddiylash- v.int get serious OG'IR adj heavy, weighty serious, grave HAD haddan tashqari excessive, undue (had+di)
130 Meaning
MA'NO n meaning, sense ko'chma ma'no figurative meaning to'g'ri ma'no literate meaning ma'noli adj meaningful, interesting ma'nosiz adj meaningless, of no significance ma'nodosh n, adj synonym, synonymous bu nima degan gap? what does it mean? bu nima degani? what does it mean? anglat- v.t signify MAZMUN n sense quruq adj empty, devoid of content quruq gap nonsense, empty words quruq so'z nonsense, empty words telba-teskari gap rubbish, nonsense BEHUDA ad useless, nonsensical foolish(ly) behuda gaplar nonsense, absurdity behuda so'z nonsense, absurdity BEKOR adj, n useless(ness), empty, emptiness n nonsense SAFSATA n twaddle, idle talk safsataboz n prattler, gossip VAYSA- v.int prattle, talk non-sense, grumble vaysaqi n prattler, grumpy maza-bemaza nonsense, rubbish gap sot- talk nonsense IFODA n expression ifoda qil-/et- express ifodali adj expressive ifodasiz adj inexpressive ifodala- v.t express ifodalan- v.int express o.s. post | NX to'g'risida about X, regarding X NX to'g'risidagi about X, regarding X HAQ NX haq+ida about X, concerning X DOIR post | NX+ga ~ concerning X, related to X, about X UST NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga about X MAVZU n subject TEMA n theme, subject SARLAVHA n title, heading eslat- eslatib ot- mention BELGI n sign, mark belgi qo'y- mark belgili adj marked, signalized belgisiz adj unmarked, not signalized belgila- v.t designate, signify define, fix
131 NISHON n mark, sign target distinction, decoration nishona n mark nishonla- v.t mark nishonlab qo'y- mark down ALOMAT n sign, mark, indication, omen symbol RAMZ n symbol, emblem ramziy adj symbolic, emblematic SIMVOL n symbol simvolik adj symbolic ISHORA n signal; hint / ISHORAT ishora qil- make a sign; signal, hint ishorala- v.t signal, mark IMO n signal, secret signal imo qil- make a sign, signal imo-ishora signs, signals ko'rsat- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ show X to Y, point X out to Y, demonstrate indication ko'rsatish indicator, signpost ko'rsatkich n ko'z qis- wink KOD n code INDEKS n index
GAP n talk, conversation, utterance, speech matter, affair (to talk about) gapga usta eloquent gapir- v.int talk, speak v.int | NX+cha ~ speak X(=language) v.int | NX tilida ~ speak in X(=language) baland ovoz bilan gapir- speak in a loud voice past ovoz bilan gapir- speak in a low voice gapirish- v.int | bir-biri bilan ~ talk together gaplash- v.int | NX bilan ~ talk together, speak with X v.int | NX+da ~ talk in X(=language) gapdon adj smooth talker, eloquent gapdonlik n eloquence SO'Z n word words, speech, statement word, promise NX+ga ~ ber- let X speak so'z ol- take the floor so'zga chiq- take the floor so'zsiz adj without saying anything so'zla- v.int speak, talk v.t tell, narrate so'zlan- v.int talk to o.s. so'zlash- v.int speak to each other, talk together so'zlashuv n, adj speech; spoken gap-so'z words LAFZ n words, language; promise BIDIRLA- v.int prattle, chatter, gossip sergap n prattler, gossip
132 OG'IZ meas some (of words) (og'z+i) adj oral OG'ZAKI adj oral DE- v.t | NY+ga CX ~ say X to Y, tell Y X, ask Y to X (X in direct speech, esp. imperative) demak(ki) CX that is to say X SHIVIR n whisper shivirla- v.int whisper PICHIRLA- v.int whisper G'IRING n mumbling, muttering g'iring demay without saying anything INDA- v.int | indama- do not talk, be silent, be quiet indamay tur- keep silent GAP gapdan to'xta- stop talking ovoz+ini chiqarma- shut up til+ini qis- shut one's mouth SUKUT n silence sukut qil-/et- be silent sukut ket- get silent JIM ad quiet(ly), still, silent jim tur- keep quiet JIMJIT adj very quiet, still, silent / JIM-JIT jimjitlik n quietness, stillness, silence SUKUNAT n silence, stillness sukunatli adj silent, still SOQOV n, adj dumb, mute DUDUQ n stammerer duduqlik n stammering duduqlan- v.int stammer RAVON ad eloquent fluent(ly), smooth(ly)
AYT- v.t | N(gan)X+ni NY+ga ~ tell X to Y v.t recite, sing NY+ga CX deb ~ tell Y that X, say X to Y N(gan)X+ni NY+ga aytib ber- tell X to Y aytganday adv by the way bildir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ make X known to Y, inform Y of X express X to Y bildirish announcement bildirmasdan secretly IZHOR n expression, declaration izhor et-/qil- express, declare
133 XABAR n news, information, message xabar ber- pass on a message, inform of xabar berib qo'y- pass on a message, inform of NX+dan ~ ol- hear of X, learn of X xabar qil- report, make know; inform yangi xabar news, information xabarsiz adj uninformed xabarsiz qol- have no news of bexabar adj uninformed xabarla- v.t notify, inform xabarlash- v.int keep informed xabarchi n messenger, informer xabardor adj well-informed xabardor bo'l- get informed, be well-informed xushxabar n good news AXBOROT n report, communiqué news, information NX+ni NY+ga ma'lum qil- inform Y of X, make X known to Y ma'lumot n knowledge, learning, education information, news, report; data NX+ga ~ ber- give information to X ma'lumotlar byurosi information (office) ma'lumotnoma n reference book, directory SPRAVOCHNIK n reference book, directory DARAK n news, information bedarak adv without trace ESHIT- NX haqida eshit- hear of X, hear about X TASVIR n description, picture, portrait, sketch tasvir qil-/et- describe, depict, portray, sketch tasviriy adj descriptive tasvirla- v.t describe, depict, portray, sketch tasvirlan- v.int be described, depicted, portrayed TA'RIF n description definition, specification ta'rif qil- describe define ta'rifla- v.t describe define TAVSIF n description tavsifla- v.t describe QISQA adj brief, concise qisqacha ad brief(ly), sketchy MUFASSAL adv in detail, fully KINOYA n allegory, metaphor irony kinoyali adj metaphoric ironic TASDIQ n confirmation, assertion approval, ratification tasdiq qil- confirm, assert approve, ratify, sanction tasdiqla- v.t confirm, assert approve, ratify, sanction tasdiqlan- v.int be confirmed, asserted be approved, ratified TA'KID n obviousness, evidence ta'kidla- v.t state a fact, make clear, stress INKOR n negation inkor qil-/et- deny
134 TON- v.int | NX+dan ~ deny X, disclaim X E'LON n announcement, declaration; advertisement e'lon qil- announce, declare DIKTOR n announcer oldindan ayt- predict, foretell NUTQ n speech, address nutq so'zla- make a speech, deliver an address NOTIQ n orator, speaker DOKLAD n report, lecture, address doklad qil- give a lecture dokladchi n speaker, lecturer MA'RUZA n lecture, report hisobot n account, report kirish so'z preface so'ng so'z conclusion so'z boshi preface, foreword boyagi adj aforementioned QUYI quyidagi following TUBAN tubanda following, under-mentioned SUHBAT n conversation, speech suhbat o'tkaz- have a discussion, talk NX bilan suhbat qil- converse, talk with X suhbatlash- v.int converse, talk, have a discussion hamsuhbat n speaker, interlocutor suhbatdosh n speaker, interlocutor GURUNG n lively conversation gurung qil- carry on a lively conversation gurunglash- v.int have a friendly discussion, chat HANGAMA n lighthearted talk, conversation hangamalash- v.int carry on a lighthearted talk GAP NX+ni gapga sol- cause X to converse MUZOKARA n discussion, debate, negotiation muzokara qil- discuss, debate muzokaralash- v.int discuss, debate MUHOKAMA n discussion, debate muhokama qil- discuss, debate BAHS n discussion, dispute, debate; argument NX ustida bahs et- discuss X, dispute, debate, argue about X bahslash- v.int | NX ustida ~ discuss X, dispute, debate, argue about X MUNOZARA n dispute, debate, controversy munozara qil- discuss, debate, contend tortish- v.int discuss, debate, contend tortishuv n dispute, debate BAYON n explanation, argumentation bayon qil- explain, argue bayonot n declaration bayonnoma n memorial, petition asosla- v.t argue found, base asoslan- v.int base o.s. on gap qaytar- answer back, reply defiantly
135 GAP gap+ini bo'l- interrupt X gapni kes- interrupt E'TIROZ n protest, objection NX qarshi ~ bildir- object, protest against X NX qarshi e'tiroz qil- object, protest against X e'tirozsiz adj without objection tushunmovchilik n misunderstanding anglashilmovchilik n misunderstanding XITOB n exclamation xitob qil-/et- exclaim CHAQIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ call X for Y, send for X, summon X chaqiriq n call, summons MUROJAAT n appeal, call, address NX+ga murojaat qil-/et- address oneself to X, make a request to X, call upon X SO'RA- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ ask X from Y, inquire after X from Y ask for X from Y, request X from Y so'rab bil- ask and know so'roq n question, interrogation so'roqsiz adj without interrogation SAVOL n question NX+ga ~+i bor have a question for X NX+ga ~ ber- ask X a question NX+dan ~ so'ra- ask X a question savol qo'y- ask questions savolli adj questioning, interrogative ANKETA n questionnaire JAVOB n answer, reply NX+ga ~ ber- answer, reply to X N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- give permission for X javoban adv | NX+ga ~ in answer/response to X CHAQIM n denouncement, informing; slander chaqimchi n informer, telltale; slanderer MISH-MISH n rumoured, unconfirmed mish-mish gap rumour fisq-fasod rumors, intrigue; immoral, promiscuous YOLG'ON n lie, falsehood yolg'on gapir- lie, tell lies yolg'on so'zla- lie, tell lies yolg'on-yashiq pack of lies, nonsense yolg'onla- v.t lie, tell lies yolg'onchi n liar yolg'onchilik n falsehood UYDIRMA adj made-up, fabricated, invented uydirma gap lies, tale, story SOXTA adj false, forged sham, hypocritical QALBAKI adj false, forged hypocritical BO'HTON n slander, calumny NX+ga bo'hton qil- slander X bo'htonchi n slanderer TUHMAT n slander, calumny NX+ning ust+ida tuhmat qil- slander X tuhmatchi n slanderer
136 G'IYBAT n gossip, tittle-tattle, slander NX haq+ida g'iybat qil- gossip about X, slander X g'iybatchi n gossip, slanderer
TIL n language, tongue NX ~+i X language(=country, ethnic group) NX ~+ida in X language NX ~+idagi in X language chet tili foreign language ona tili mother tongue til+i chiq- start to talk (of children) tilsiz adj silent tilshunos n linguist KO'PTILLI adj multilingual, polyglot ko'ptillilik n multilingualism, polyglottism DIALEKT n dialect SHEVA n dialect JARGON n slang, jargon TARJIMA n translation NX+ni NY+ga tarjima qil- translate X into Y NX+dan NY+ga tarjima qil- translate from X into Y TARJIMON n translator, interpreter tarjimonlik n translation work FONETIK n phonetic fonetika n phonetics TALAFFUZ n pronunciation talaffuz qil- pronounce unli n vowel undosh n consonant URG'U n stress, accent urg'uli adj stressed, accentuated GRAMMATIKA n grammar JUMLA n sentence GAP n talk, conversation, utterance, speech sentence, clause, phrase SO'Z n word words, speech, statement so'zma-so'z word-for-word so'zlik n vocabulary LEKSIKA n vocabulary LUG'AT n dictionary lug'at boylig+i vocabulary (of sb) OT n (given) name noun otoqli ot proper name turdosh ot common name otli adj | NX ~ named X OTOQLI adj famous, well-known ISM n (given) name noun otaning ismi middle name ismlik n (name) list ismli adj | NX ~ named X ismsiz n anonymous ismdosh n homonymous
137 NOM n name (of things, places) NX+ga ~ ber- name X, give a name to X NX+ga ~ qo'y- name X, give a name to X NX nomidagi named X nom chiqar- become famous nomli adj | NX ~ named X nomla- v.t name nomlan- v.int be named FAMILIYA n surname, last name DE- NX degan called X, named X ATA- v.t | NY+ni NX deb ~ call Y X, name Y X atal- v.int | NX deb ~ be called X, be named Y atama n term FE'L n verb SIFAT n adjective RAVISH n adverb OLMOSH n pronoun qo'shimcha n suffix EGA n subject to'ldiruvchi n object kelishik n case tushlanish n conjugation IBORA n expression, phrase, idiom MAQOL n proverb MATAL n saying YOZ- v.t write yozib qo'y- write down, note down yozib ol- record, register yozil- v.int be written, be spelled yozish- v.int correspond, write (exchange writings) yozishma n correspondence yozuv n writing, script record, inscription, writing yozuvchi n writer, author, letter writer yozma ad written, in writing HARF n letter (of alphabet), character bosh harf capital letter mayda harf small letter ALIFBO n alphabet ALFAVIT n alphabet KIRILL adj cyrillic (alphabet, writing) LOTIN adj latin (alphabet, writing) XAT n handwriting, script DASTXAT n autograph SATR n line (of writing) NUQTA n point, full stop, period VERGUL n comma QAVS n bracket(s), parentheses QO'SHTIRNOQ n quotation marks tinish belgilari punctuation marks
138 so'roq belgisi question mark savol alomati question mark xitob alomati exclamation mark ko'chir- v.t copy (writing) ko'chirib yozib ol- copy out, write out ko'chirma n copy O'QI- v.t read recite, chant o'qil- v.int be read, recited QIROAT n recitation, chant qiroat et-/qil- recite, chant DIKTANT n dictation IMLO n orthography ORFOGRAFIYA n orthography
139 Communication
ALOQA n | NX bilan ~ contact, communication with X aloqa bo'limi post service and telephone service aloqa vositasi means of communication aloqa yo'llari means of communication aloqachi n communications worker yozish- v.int correspond, write (exchange writings) yozishma n correspondence MAKTUB n letter, written message XAT n letter handwriting, script buyurtma xat registered letter zakaznoy xat registered letter xatli adj letter OTKRITKA n postcard rasmli xatjild postcard POSILKA n parcel xat-xabar mail, message TELEGRAMMA n telegram FAKS n fax faks apparati fax machine POCHTA n post, mail post office pochta bo'limi post office pochta indeksi postcode pochta qutisi letter-box, mailbox pochta yashigi letter-box, mailbox pochtachi n post office worker, mailman pochtaxona n post office pochtalyon n postman AVIAPOCHTA n airmail MARKA n stamp markali adj stamped jo'natuvchi n sender jo'natma n sending, shipment jo'natma haqi postage oluvchi n addressee buyurtma adj registered YUGURDAK n courier, messenger TELEFON n (tele)phone jamoat telefoni public (tele)phone telefon budkasi (tele)phone booth telefon hujrasi (tele)phone booth telefon kitobchasi (tele)phone directory telefon kitobi (tele)phone directory telefon nomeri (tele)phone number NX+ga telefon qil- (tele)phone to X telefon qo'ng'irog'i phone call telefon raqami (tele)phone number telefon stansiyasi telephone center telefon-avtomat public (tele)phone uyali telefon mobile, cell phone xalqaro telefon international (tele)phone
140 QO'NG'IROQ n bell mahalliy qo'ng'iroq local call mamlakatlararo qo'ng'iroq international call NX+ga qo'ng'iroq qil- telephone to X, ring X up shaharlararo qo'ng'iroq long distance call xalqaro qo'ng'iroq international call nomer ter- dial raqam ter- dial LINIYA n line INTERNET n the Internet elektron maktub e-mail elektron pochta electronic mail elektron xat e-mail
KITOB n book kitobiy adj written, book kitobcha n booklet kitobxon n reader (person) BROSHURA n booklet, leaflet, pamphlet MAQOLA n article, paper OBZOR n survey, review, commentary MATN n text TEKST n text SITATA n quotation, citation sitata keltir- quote BOB n chapter PARAGRAF n paragraph JILD n volume, book jildli adj | numX ~ in X volumes TOM n volume tomli adj | numX ~ in X volumes QO'LYOZMA n manuscript MAJMUA n collected works, collection, series MUNDARIJA n table of contents JADVAL n table, timetable XARITA n map KARTA n map kitob do'koni bookshop kitob magazini bookshop KUTUBXONA n library kutubxonachi n librarian KATALOG n catalogue katalog tuz- catalogue NASHR n publication, edition nashr et-/qil- publish nashr etil-/qilin- be published nashr etuvchi publisher nashriyot n publishing house nashriyotchi n publisher
141 BOS- v.t print bosib chiqar- publish, bring out bosilib chiq- be published bosma n publication, edition bosmaxona n printing house MATBAA n printing house MATBUOT n press, printing press TIRAJ n circulation, edition GAZETA n newspaper gazetachi n journalist newspaper seller JURNAL n magazine, journal jurnalist n journalist RO'ZNOMA n newspaper MUHARRIR n editor MUXBIR n correspondent, journalist yozuv n record, inscription, writing ARXIV n archives
MIKROFON n microphone PLASTINKA n record, disk, plate KASSETA n cassette (audio, video) VIDEOKASSETA n videotape CD-DISK n CD, compact disk / CD MAGNITOFON n tape recorder MAGNITOPLYONKA n tape VIDEOMAGNITOFON n video (player) FOTO n photo, snap FOTOGRAF n photographer fotografik adj photographic fotografiya n photografy FOTOAPPARAT n camera PLYONKA n film (for camera) / FOTOPLYONKA RASM n picture, painting, drawing, photograph NX+ni ~+ga ol- take a photograph of X rasmga tush- have one's photo taken rasmli adj illustrated SURAT n image, picture, portrait, photograph NX+ning ~+ini ol- paint X's portrait, take a photograph of X NX+ni ~+ga ol- take a photograph of X NX+ni ~+ga tushir- take a photograph of X suratli adj illustrated KARIKATURA n caricature, cartoon hajviy suratlar comics, strip cartoons KSEROKS n photocopy KINO n cinema NX+ni ~+ga ol- film kinoga bor- go to the cinema kinochi n film-maker, moviemaker KINOKAMERA n (cine-)camera KINOTEATR n cinema, movie theater / KINO
142 FILM n film, movie MULTFILM n cartoon eshittir- v.t (radio) broadcast eshittirish n (radio) broadcast eshittiril- v.int be broadcasted RADIO n radio, wireless radio orqali eshittir- broadcast radio tingla- listen to the radio RADIOAPPARAT n radio, radio set RADIOSTANSIYA n radio station TELEVIZOR n television, television set TELEDASTUR n (television) program (magazine) TELEVIDENIYE n television televideniye orqali ko'rsat- broadcast oynan jahon television (set and programs) ko'rsatil- v.int be showing, be on (movie, program) ko'rsatuv n (television) broadcast ko'rsatuvlar programmasi (television) programs boshlovchi n (TV, radio) host KANAL n channel VIDEO n video VIDEOFILM n video (film) VIDEOKAMERA n video camera nusxa apparati photocopier KOMPUTER n computer INFORMATIKA n Information Technologies, data processing axborotlar texnologiyasi Information Technologies PROGRAMMA n program DASTUR n program dasturla- v.t program dasturlovchi n programmer KALKULATOR n calculator CHO'T n abacus cho't tashla- count/reckon on the abacus PRINTER n printer KARTOCHKA n card kredit kartochkasi credit card KARTOTEKA n file (paper) FAYL n file (computer) ko'rgazma n exhibition, show ko'rgazma qo'y- put on display, exhibit FESTIVAL n festival MUZEY n museum
143 Art
SAN'AT n art artistic skill, ability san'at galereyasi art gallery tasviriy san'at fine art san'atchi n artist san'atkor n artist BADIIY adj artistic, fine NAFIS adj fine, exquisite, elegant nafislik n fineness, elegance NAFOSAT n grace, elegance nafosatli adj graceful, elegant DID n taste yaxshi did good taste yomon did bad taste BEZA- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ decorate, adorn X with Y bezal- v.int | NX bilan ~ be decorated with X bezak n decoration, adornment ZIYNAT n adornment, decoration CHIZ- v.t draw, sketch chizish drawing RASM n picture, painting, drawing, photograph rasm chiz- draw, paint NX+ning ~+ini sol- draw X, paint X rasmli adj illustrated rasmchi n artisan-painter, photographer RASSOM n painter, artist rassomlik n painting, drawing, visual arts SURAT n image, picture, portrait, photograph NX+ning ~+ini ol- paint X's portrait, take a photograph of X surat sol- draw suratchi n artisan-painter, photographer suratkash n painter, drawer NAQQOSH n engraver, painter HAYKAL n statue, sculpture, carving haykal yasa- sculpt, carve haykal qur- sculpt, carve haykaltarosh n sculpter, carver haykaltaroshlik n sculpture, carving (activity) ARXITEKTOR n architect ARXITEKTURA n architecture
HUSNIXAT n calligraphy XATTOT n calligraphier, scribe ADIB n writer, poet adiba n writer woman, poetess adiblik n writing (as an occupation) adabiy adj literary adabiy asar literary work adabiyot n literature adabiyotchi n man of letters adabiyotshunos n literary critic
144 ASAR n work, writings san'at asar work of art shoh asar masterpiece USLUB n style of writing style, manner balandparvoz adj grandiloquent, emphatic MUALLIF n author AVTOR n author qalamkash n effective writer yozuvchi n writer, author, letter writer SHE'R n poem, poetry she'riyat n poetry SHOIR n poet shoira n poetess shoirona adj poetic POEMA n poem POETIK adj poetical POEZIYA n poetry BAYT n couplet, verse poetry QOFIYA n rhythm, metre QASIDA n ode DOSTON n epic, poem, tale dostonchi n bard, epic reciter BAXSHI n bard, narrator of epic poetry HIKOYA n story, tale hikoya ayt- tell a story hikoyachi n storyteller QISSA n story, tale, narrative yilnoma n annals, chronicles ERTAK n tale, story xalq ertaklari folktales AFSONA n legend afsonaviy adj legendary MASAL n fable LATIFA n anecdote, joke PROZA n prose NASR n prose ROMAN n novel NOVELLA n short novel OCHERK n essay qo'yin daftari diary BIOGRAFIYA n biography EPIZOD n episode TEATR n theater KOMEDIYA n comedy muzikali komediya musical comedy DRAMA n drama
145 PYESA n play O'YIN n play O'YNA- v.t act o'ynal- v.int be acted, be performed PARDA n act SAHNA n stage ESTRADA n stage ROL n role REPETITSIYA n rehearsal
MUSIQA n music musiqa asbobi musical instrument musiqachi n musician MUZIKA n music klassik muzika classical music rok muzikasi rock 'n' roll xalq muzikasi folk music muzikali adj musical muzikachi n musician muzikashunos n musicologist MUSIQIY adj musical JAZ n jazz ESTRADA n pop music KUY n melody, tune kuyla- v.t hum, sing OHANG n harmony, melody, tune hamohang adj in harmony, harmonious (l/f) ohangdor adj harmonious, melodious NAVO n tune, melody TARONA n tune, melody MAQOM n mode, tune (traditional, classical) maqom qil- keep time (with the rhythm) CHAL- v.t play (a musical instrument) CHOLG'U n musical instrument cholg'u asbobi musical instrument cholg'uchi n instrumentalist OQIN n minstrel SOZ n musical instrument soz chal- play an instrument, play music sozla- v.t tune sozchi n musician SOZANDA n musician (playing, traditional) TOR n string (of a musical instrument) torli adj stringed DUTOR n dutar (2 strings) TANBUR n tanbur (3 or 4 strings) RUBOB n robab (5 strings) DO'MBIRA n dombira (stringed) QO'BIZ n qobiz (stringed, used by shamans) G'IJJAK n ghijjak (similar to the violin) CHANG n dulcimer
146 NOG'ORA n drum CHILDIRMA n tambourine DOIRA n tambourine KARNAY n suona horn NAY n flute naychi n flutist SKRIPKA n violin PIANINO n piano GITARA n guitar AKKORDEON n accordion ASHULA n song ashula ayt- sing (songs) ashula aytuvchi singer ashulachi n singer (modern songs) HOFIZ n singer (traditional songs) XONANDA n singer (traditional songs) QO'SHIQ n song qo'shiq ayt- sing (songs) qo'shiqchi n singer LAPAR n song (sung in turns by young girls and men) YALLA n (lighthearted and naughty) song AYT- v.t recite, sing aytil- v.int be recited, be sung KOMPOZITOR n composer KOMPOZITSIYA n composition BASTAKOR n composer RAQS n dance raqs qil- dance raqsga tush- dance RAQQOS n dancer raqqosa n dancer (female) O'YIN n dance game, play, match o'yinga tush- dance, join in the dance O'YNA- v.t dance DISKOTEKA n discotheque, nightclub TOMOSHA n spectacle, show, entertainment fun, enjoyment, stroll, loitering NX+ni tomosha qil- watch, enjoy X(=spectacle, entertainment) tomoshabin n (member of the) audience SPEKTAKL n spectacle, performance, showing KONSERT n concert konsert hali concert hall BALET n ballet OPERA n opera opera zali opera house SIRK n circus DASTUR n program (spectacle, event) REPERTUAR n repertoire, schedule REJISSOR n (film) director
147 ARTIST n artist, actor, actress, movie star artistka n actress AKTYOR n actor AKTRISA n actress qiziqchi n clown
148 Spirit
JON n life, soul, spirit jonga kir- revive jon ber- give one's life jon+i chiq- die jonli adj alive, living, vivid, full of vitality jonsiz adj lifeless, spiritless RUH n soul, spirit, mental state ruhli adj in good spirits, full of vitality ruhiy adj spiritual, mental MA'NAVIY adj spiritual, moral (eg support) ma'naviyat n spirituality ILHOM n inspiration, enlightenment NX+ga ~ ber- inspire ilhom ol- be inspired ilhomlan- v.int be inspired ilhomlantir- v.t inspire ilhombaxsh adj inspiring YUKSAL- v.int rise, ascend (l/f) yuksalish elevation, development yuksaltir- v.t raise (l/f) VIJDON n conscience vijdonli adj with a conscience vijdonsiz adj conscienceless vijdonan adv in all conscience MADANIY adj cultural cultured, civilized madaniyat n culture, civilization madaniyatli adj cultured, refined madaniyatsiz adj uneducated, with little culture madaniylash- v.int become civilized SIVILIZATSIYA n civilization KLASSIK adj classical
DIN n religion, faith, belief diniy adj religious diniy bayram religious holiday dinsiz adj non-believer dinsizlik n agnosticism dindor n believer, faithful IMON n religious faith, belief imonsiz adj agnostic, non-believer E'TIQOD n | NX+ga ~ faith in X, conviction NX+ga ~+i bor have faith in X, be convinced of X e'tiqodli adj faithful, convinced ATEIST n atheist DAHRIY n atheist XUDO n God xudosiz adj atheistic xudoparast n believer,devout XUDOYI n sacrifice xudoyi ber- make a sacrifice to God xudoyi qil- make a sacrifice to God
149 TANGRI n God OLLOH n God PARVARDIGOR n God, creator, provider FARISHTA n angel PARI n fairy ARVOH n spirit, genie, ghost DEV n giant, ogre ALVASTI n evil spirit JIN n evil spirit, genie IBLIS n demon, devil SHAYTON n Satan, the Devil MUQADDAS adj holy, sacred PAYG'AMBAR n prophet AVLIYO n saint adj saintly avliyolik qil- prophesy, foresee OXIRAT n the next world (after death) JANNAT n Heaven, Paradise JAHANNAM n Hell DO'ZAX n Hell NAMOZ n prayer (esp. Islam) namoz o'qi- pray namoz qil- pray namozlik n prayer mat namozgoh n place for prayers SIG'IN- v.int | NX+ga ~ bow to X, pray X FOTIHA n short prayer blessing, permission fotiha o'qi- say a short prayer N(ish)X uchun ~ ber- give permission for X fotiha qil- say a short prayer OMIN n Amen BISMILLOH n In the name of God IBODAT n prayer, religious service, worship ibodat et-/qil- pray ibodatxona n worship place, temple DUO n prayer, good wishes NX+ga ~ ber- give good wishes, pray for X NX+ni duo qil- bless X, pray for X BARAKA NX+ga ~ ber- bless X NX+ga baraka qil- bless X MUBORAK adj blessed muborak bo'l- be blessed XAYR n blessing, good deed xayrli adj auspicious, propitious nice, satisfactory JANOZA n prayer for the dead
150 SADAQA n alms sacrifice sadaqa ber- give alms sadaqa so'ra- beg for alms xayr-ehson alms xayr-ehson ber- give alms xayr-ehson qil- give alms xayr-sadaqa alms xayr-sadaqa ber- give alms xayr-sadaqa qil- give alms QARG'A- v.t swear at, curse TALQIN n sermon talqin qil-/et- preach talqinchi n preacher VA'Z n sermon JODU n sorcery, witchcraft jodugar n wizard, sorcerer jodugar kampir witch, sorceress jodugarlik n sorcery, witchcraft jodugarlik qil- perform sorcery SEHR n sorcery, witchcraft magic sehrli adj bewitched bewitching sehrla- v.t cast a spell on, bewitch sehrgar n wizard, sorcerer magician AFSUN n spell KINNA n evil eye yomon ko'z evil eye TUMOR n talisman (triangular shape) tumorcha n small talisman KO'ZMUNCHOQ n necklace, bracelet to ward off the evil eye TASBEH n rosary FOL n prediction, divination fol och- tell fortunes fol ko'r- tell fortunes fol boq- tell fortunes folbin n shaman, fortune-teller BASHORAT n prediction, prophecy KAROMAT n miracle, prediction karomat qil- perform a miracle, tell the future
ISLOM n Islam islom dini the Muslim religion islomiyat n islamism islomshunos n specialist of Islam MUSULMON n, adj muslim musulmonlik adj muslim musulmonchilik n muslim attitude SUNNAT n Sunna (practices based on Muhammad's) SUNNIY n, adj sunni SHIA n, adj shia TASAVVUF n sufism, mysticism
151 SO'FI n, adj sufi, mystic VAHHOBIY n, adj Wahhabi vahhobiylik n Wahhabism QUR'ON n Koran HADIS n Hadith (the sayings of Muhammad) SHAR'IY adj lawful (according to the Shariat) SHARIAT n Shariat (religious law of Islam) HALOL adj permitted, permissible (moral, religion) honest(ly) HAROM adj forbidden (by religion) harom et-/qil- forbid (by religion) harom etil-/qilin- be forbidden (by religion) MASJID n mosque MADRASA n madrasah (islamic college) XONAQOH n prayer hall monastery UMMAT n umma, the community of muslims OXUN n man learned in religion MULLA n mullah (muslim theologian) learned man, literate man ULEMA n ulema, learned in muslim theology MO'MIN n (muslim) believer ESHON n ishan (ecclesiastic) IMOM n imam (prayer or spiritual leader) QOZI n qazi (muslim judge) MUFTI n mufti (arbiter in islamic law) MUAZZIN n muezzin (calling for the prayer) SHAYX n sheikh (head of a religious order) PIR n pir (head of a religious sect) MURID n disciple, follower XALIFA n caliph mullah's assistant OTIN n (woman, religious) teacher BANDA n servant, person (of God) SAYID n descendant of Muhammad KOFIR n pagan, unbeliever, heretic ZAKOT n alms (prescribed by Islam) VAQF n wakf (religious foundation) QURBON n sacrifice, offerings victime, martyr qurbon bayram feast of the Sacrifice qurbon hayit feast of the Sacrifice qurbonlik n animal for the fest of the Sacrifice qurbonlik ber- make a sacrifice RO'ZA n fast ro'za hayit end of the Ramadan RAMAZON n Ramadan
152 XATNA n circumcision HAJ n hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) ZIYORAT n pilgrimage ziyoratgoh n saint's tomb, shrine scenic spot; historical site ZIKR n remembrance, recollection reciting (performed by sufis) zikr tush- perform reciting HIJRAT n emigration the Hegira XRISTIAN n, adj christian xristian dini christianism xristianlik n christianity KATOLIK n, adj catholic katolik dini catholicism PRAVOSLAV n, adj orthodox pravoslavne n orthodoxy CHERKOV n church RUHONIY n priest ROHIB n monk YAHUDIY n, adj jew yahudiy dini judaism SINAGOGA n synagog BUDDO n bhudda buddo dini bhuddaism HINDU n hindu hindu dini hinduism MAZHAB n sect mazhabchi n member, follower of a sect BUT n icon, idole butparast n idolator MIFOLOGIYA n mythology
153 Character and Emotions Character
FE'L n character, disposition XARAKTER n character xarakterli adj | AX ~ having a X character XULQ n disposition, character, temper behaviour G'AYRAT n energy, willpower, zeal N(ish)X uchun g'ayrat qil- strive to X, endeavour to X g'ayratli adj energetic, dynamic, vigourous g'ayratsiz adj without any energy g'ayratlan- v.int display vigour, bestir oneself g'ayratlantir- v.t raise sb's spirit, cheer sb up serg'ayrat adj energetic, dynamic, full of vigour IRODA n will, willpower, determination irodali adj wilful, determined irodasiz adj lacking willpower, irresolute qat'iyat n determination, resolution, willpower qat'iyatli adj determined, resolute qat'iyatsiz adj irresolute, undecided QAYSAR adj stubborn, tenacious qaysarlik n stubbornness, tenacity O'JAR adj stubborn, obstinate o'jarlik n stubbornness, obstination akslik n stubborn akslik qil- persist SABOT n perseverance, firmness, tenacity sabotli adj persevering, tenacious MATONAT n firmness, resoluteness sabot-matonat perseverance KO'TAR- v.t bear, endure, stand CHIDA- v.int | NX+ga ~ endure, bear patiently, put up with X chidam n endurance, patience chidamli adj hardy, patient chidamsiz adj delicate, impatient chidamsizlik n impatience SABR n patience sabr qil- have patience, be patient sabr+i tuga- lose patience sabrli adj patient sabrsiz adj impatient sabrsizlik n impatience besabr adj impatient
154 TOQ toq bo'l- lose patience toq qolma- lose patience TOQAT n patience toqat qil- have patience toqat+i bit- lose patience toqatli adj patient toqatsiz adj impatient toqatsizlik n impatience toqatsizlan- v.int get impatient, lose patience betoqat adj impatient betoqatlik n impatience betoqatlan- v.int lose patience INTIZOR adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ eagerly, anxiously, impatiently awaiting X N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'l- await X eagerly, anxiously, impatiently intizor qil- oblige to wait intizorlik n waiting (with impatience) BARDOSH n patience, endurance NX+ga ~ ber- endure, bear patiently X bardosh qil- have patience, be patient bardoshli adj patient tirishqoq adj hardworking, diligent, assiduous tirishqoqlik n diligence, assiduity YALQOV adj lazy, idle yalqovlik n laziness, idleness yalqovlash- v.int laze around DANGASA adj lazy, bone-idle dangasalik n laziness, bone idleness dangasalik qil- laze around, loaf around XUSHYOQMAS adj idle, lazy ERIN- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ be lazy to X v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ be unwilling to X, reluctant to X erinchaq adj, n lazy, idle, languid; lazy fellow ERKA adj spoilt, pampered (of children) erkalik n whim, caprice, squeamishness erkalik qil- act out of capriciousness erkala- v.t spoil (children) v.int act like a spoiled child erkalan- v.int be spoilt, pampered INJIQ adj capricious, wayward injiqlik n caprice, whim injiqlan- v.int act out of capriciousness, be overfussy XARXASHA n caprice, whim, nagging xarxasha qil- keep on about something, be capricious NOZ n whim, caprice noz et-/qil- be flirtatious, act coquettishly; be capricious nozli adj coquettish nozlan- v.int simper
ISHON- v.int | NX+ga ~ trust X ishongan confident ishonish confidence ishonch n | NX+ga ~ (positive) belief, confidence in X ishonch+ini yo'qot- lose confidence OPTIMIZM n optimism OPTIMISTIK n optimist adj optimistic
155 PESSIMIST n pessimist pessimistik adj pessimistic PESSIMIZM n pessimism XOTIRJAM adj calm, serene xotirjam bo'l- keep calm xotirjamlik n calmness, serenity xotirjamlan- v.int calm down, get serene tinch ad quiet(ly), peaceful(ly), calm(ly) tinchlik n quietness, calmness peace tinchlik saqla- keep cool tinchsiz adj restless, not quiet tinchsizlan- v.int worry tinchi- v.int calm down, cool down ko'ngl+i tinchi- calm down, cool down tinchit- v.t calm down, cool down ko'ngl+ini tinchit- calm down, cool down tinchlan- v.int calm down; set one's mind at rest tinchlantir- v.t calm down; set sb's mind at rest notinch adj restless, not quiet notinchlik n restlessness JIM ad quiet(ly), still, silent JIMJIT adj very quiet, still, silent / JIM-JIT jimjitlik n quietness, stillness, silence OSOYISHTA ad quiet(ly), calm(ly), gentle(ly), careful(ly) osoyishtalik n quietness, calmness, gentleness, carefulness VAZMIN adj heavy even-tempered OROM n rest; peace, quietness oromsiz adj troubled, unquiet SOVUQQON adj cold-blooded, calm, sober, indifferent sovuqqonlik n cold blood, calmness, soberness, indifference TEZ ad quick(ly), fast, speedy quick-tempered, irritable qon+i qiziq quick-tempered, hot-tempered achchig'+i tez quick-tempered, irritable achchig'+i yomon quick-tempered, irritable TAJANG adj irritable, nervy ASAB n nerves NX+ning ~+ini chiqar- make X nervous NX+ning ~+iga teg- get on X's nerves asabiy adj nervous asabiylik n nervousness asabiylash- v.int lose one's cool JINNI n, adj mad; madman jinni bo'l- get crazy, behave stupidly jinnilik n madness, insanity TELBA adj crazy, abnormal, senseless NX+dan telba bo'l- get crazy about X adj | telba-teskari nonsensical, mad bolalarcha ad childish(ly) pishiq adj strong, solid
156 JIDDIY adj serious, earnest serious, grave, critical jiddiylik n seriousness, earnestness jiddiylash- v.int get serious BAMA'NI adj serious, sensible bama'nilik n seriousness, sensibleness TUYG'U n sense perception, sensation, feeling tuyg'uli adj sensitive (l/f) tuyg'usiz adj insensitive (l/f) sezgir adj sensitive sezgirlik n sensitiveness NOZIK adj fine, delicate, fragile refined, sensitive delicate, touchy, tricky noziklik n fineness, fragility, delicacy QO'POL adj coarse, vulgar rough, rude qo'pollik n coarseness, vulgarity roughness, rudeness QO'RS adj rude, coarse qo'rslik n rudeness, coarseness DAG'AL adj rude, coarse dag'allik n rudeness, coarseness
YURAK n courage NX+da ~ yo'q X be a coward yurakli adj bold, audacious yuraksiz adj timid, coward DOVYURAK adj intrepid, bold, brave JUR'AT n daring, determination jur'atli adj daring, courageous jur'atsiz adj timid, coward, indecisive DADIL ad bold(ly), brave(ly) dadillik n boldness, bravery dadillan- v.int grow bold JASUR adj brave, courageous, daring jasurlik n bravery, courage, daring jasurona adv bravely, courageously JASORAT n bravery, courage, daring jasorat ko'rsat- show bravery, courage jasoratli adj brave, courageous, daring jasoratsiz adj timorous, fearful MARD adj brave, courageous mardlik n courage, bravery mardlarcha adv bravely, courageously ER n, adj manly, courageous erlik n manliness BOTIR n hero adj heroic, brave botirlik n heroism, bravery botirlarcha adv heroically, bravely QAHRAMON n, adj hero; heroic qahramonlik n heroism qahramonona adv heroically qahramonlarcha adv heroically
157 QO'RQ- v.int | NX+dan ~ be afraid of X, fear X qo'rqmas adj fearless, brave qo'rqoq adj coward, fearful qo'rqoqlik n cowardliness, cowardice tortinchoq adj shy, bashful tortinchoqlik n timidity, shyness UYAT n shame, sense of shame uyatchang adj bashful, shy uyatchanglik n timidity, shyness, sense of modesty
158 Emotions
KO'NGIL n heart (fig), feelings, emotion, spirit (ko'ngl+i) ko'ngilli adj happy, cheerful (moment, event) adj | AX ~ having a X heart ko'ngilsiz adj unhappy (moment, event) ko'ngilsizlik n annoyance, trouble DIL n heart (fig) jon-dil heart and soul jon-dil+i bilan with all one's heart ich-ichidan in one's heart, to oneself HAYAJON n excitement, emotion, agitation hayajonga kel- get excited hayajonli adj excited hayajonlan- v.int be moved, get excited hayajonlantir- v.t move, excite QAYNA- v.int get excited CHO'K- v.int | NX+ga ~ sink in X NX+ga ~+ib ket- be deep in X, be lost in X(=thoughts) TA'SIR n influence, effect; impression NY+ga AX ~ qoldir- make a X impression on Y ta'sirli adj influential ta'sirlan- v.int be touched, be moved ta'sirlantir- v.t touch, move ta'sirchan adj easily touched, moved TAASSUROT n impression(s), reflections NY+ga AX ~ qoldir- make a X impression on Y
RUH n soul, spirit, mental state ruh+i tushib ket- get depressed, lose heart ruh+ini ko'tir- keep one's spirit up ruhli adj in good spirits, full of vitality ruhsiz adj in low spirits, out of sorts ruhsizlan- v.int get demoralized, low-spirited ruhsizlantir- v.t demoralize, depress ruhlan- v.int rouse oneself, bestir oneself ruhlantir- v.t stimulate, inspire, raise one's moral KAYF n mood, state of mind, spirits, humour drunkenness, enjoyment kayf+i chog' be in good spirits, in a good mood kayf+i yaxshi be in good spirits, in a good mood kayf+i uch- feel disappointed NX+ga kayf qil- amuse X kayfiyat n mood, state of mind kayfsiz adj in low spirits kayfsizlan- v.int be in low spirits DIMOG' n mood, humour adj arrogant, proud ko'ngl+i ko'taril- take fresh heart ko'ngl+i yarim(ta) be depressed MA'YUS adj dejected, dispirited, disheartened ma'yuslik n despair ma'yuslan- v.int despair, get dispirited, disheartened ma'yuslantir- v.t drive to despair, dispirit, dishearten ma'yusona adv dispiritedly
159 MAMNUN adj satisfied, pleased N(gani)X+dan ~ bo'l- be satisfied with X, be pleased with X mamnun qil- please, satisfy mamnuniyat n satisfaction QON- v.int | NX+ga ~ be satisfied with X qondir- v.t satisfy QONIQ- n be satisfied qoniqish n satisfaction qoniqarli adj satisfactory qoniqarsiz ad unsatisfactory(ly) QANOAT n satisfaction, patience qanoatli adj content with one's lot qanoatlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ be content with X, be satisfied with X qanoatlanarli adj satisfactory qanoatlantir- v.t satisfy KO'NGIL ko'ngildagidek satisfactorily (ko'ngl+i) SHIRIN adj sweet (l/f) shirinlik n sweetness, deliciousness (l/f) shirinchilik n nice, pleasant atmosphere TATI- v.int | NX+ga ~ taste nice to X (l/f) LAZZAT n taste, flavour pleasure VX+ib lazzat qil- enjoy X lazzatlan- v.int | VX+ib ~ enjoy X ROHAT n pleasure comfort, peace, rest rohatli adj pleasant, peaceful, comfortable rohatlan- v.int | VX+ib ~ get pleasure, comfort, peace, enjoy Xing HUZUR n pleasure, comfort, rest VX+ib ~ top- enjoy Xing huzur qil-/et- enjoy, get pleasure, comfort, rest huzurli adj pleasing, comfortable huzurlan- v.int enjoy, get pleasure, comfort, rest huzur-halovat pleasure ko'ngl+i och- enjoy oneself, have fun ko'ngil ochish recreation, distraction TOMOSHA n fun, enjoyment, stroll, loitering NX+ni tomosha qil- have fun, amuse oneself, take a stroll at X N(ish)X+ni yaxshi ko'r- like X N(ish)X+ni xush ko'r- like X, appreciate X YOQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ be pleasing to X, appeal to X suit X, be satisfying to X yoqtir- v.t please yoqimli adj pleasant, pleasing yoqimsiz adj unpleasant, unpleasing yoqimtoy adj pleasant (person) SO'LIM adj pleasant DILBAR adj charming, attractive (of a woman) n sweetheart, darling (of a woman) DILDOR n sweetheart, darling (of a woman) adj charming, attractive (of a woman) DILKASH adj enchanting, charming, jolly LATOFAT n charm, refinement latofatli adj charming, refined
160 ROZI adj | NX+dan ~ pleased, satisfied with X rozi qil- please, satisfy (a person) rozilik n satisfaction norozi adj displeased, dissatisfied norozilik n displeasure, dissatisfaction MA'QUL adj pleasable NX+ga ~ tush- please X N(ish)X+ni NY+dan yaxshi ko'r- prefer X to Y N(ish)X+ni NY+dan afzal ko'r- prefer X to Y MAYL n | NX+ga ~+i inclination, aspiration towards X, wish RAG'BAT n inclination, liking, desire rag'batlan- v.int be interested, be motivated rag'batlantir- v.t interest, motivate XUSH adj good, pleasant, pleasing n liking, taste NX+ga ~+i kel- please X NX+ga ~+i bor please X MAZA n taste, flavour delight, interest VX+ib maza qil- enjoy Xing maza+si qoch- do not feel well bemaza adj boring, tedious ZAVQ n mood to enjoy, interest VX+ib ~ ol- enjoy Xing, delight in Xing zavqli adj passionate, enthusiastic zavqlan- v.int be full of zest, be with keen pleasure SHAVQ n passion, desire shavqli adj passionate shavqsiz adj desireless, passionless shavqlan- v.int be passionate shavqlantir- v.t passionate zavq-shavq passion ISHTIYOQ n passion, strong desire, eagerness EHTIROS n passion SOG'IN- v.t miss, long for sog'inch n longing, nostalgia sog'inchli adj longing, nostalgic FIROQ n separation nostalgia NX+ni NY+ga jalb et-/qil- attract X, draw X to Y TORT- v.t attract, draw (l/f) AJOYIB adj wonderful, marvellous, great charming JOZIBA n attractiveness, charm jozibali adj attractive, charming jozibador adj attractive, charming JONON n beautiful woman, beauty MAFTUN adj | maftun bo'l- be fascinated, be bewitched maftun qil- fascinate, bewitch maftunlik n fascination
161 QIZIQ adj interesting, strange amusing, funny qiziqchilik n joke, jest QIZIQ- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ be interested in X, enjoy Xing, delight in X v.int | NX bilan ~ be interested in X, enjoy Xing, delight in X qiziqish n | NX+ga ~ interest in X (katta) qiziqish bilan with (great) interest qiziqtir- v.t interest, fascinate qiziqarli adj interesting, exciting qiziqarli qil- arouse interest qiziquvchi n | NX+ga ~ curious about, keen on X MAROQ n interest maroq bilan with interest maroqli adj interesting HAVAS n interest, hobby N(ish)X+ga havas qil- wish, desire X be interested in X, be keen on X havaslan- v.int | ~+ib CX do X with relish, with gusto havaskor n fan, amateur, diletant BARIBIR ad | NX+ga ~ all the same (for X) BIRDAY ad | NX+ga ~ all the same (for X) LOQAYD adj indifferent loqaydlik n indifference FARQ n difference farqi yo'q no difference, it doesn't matter befarq adj indifferent N(ish)X+ni yomon ko'r- hate X, dislike X NX+ni ko'ra olma- dislike X, hate X NAFRAT n hatred, loathing, disgust NX+ga ~ bilan qara- hate X, loathe X, despise X nafratli adj hatred nafratlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ hate X, loathe X, despise X JIRKAN- v.int | NX+dan ~ be repelled by X, be disgusted by X jirkantir- v.t repel, disgust jirkanch n disgust, revulsion, loathing YIRGAN- v.int | NX+dan ~ be repelled by X, be disgusted by X ZERIK- v.int | NX+dan ~ be fed up with X, tired of X be bored zeriktir- v.t bore, wear out zerikarli adj boring, tedious, wearisome BEZOR adj disgusting, loathesome NX+dan ~ bo'l- be disgusted at X, be fed up with X bezor qil- disgust, loathe jondan to'y- be fed up NX+ga ko'ngl+i teg- be tired of X QIZIQ adj amusing, funny qiziqchilik n joke, jest YUMOR n humour yumorist n humorist yumoristik adj humorous, comic HAJV n humour, satire hajviy adj humorous, satiric HAZIL n joke, jest hazil qil- joke, jest hazillash- v.int joke, jest hazilkash n joker
162 ERMAK n amusement, fun NX+ni ermak qil- make fun of X, laugh at X NX+ni mazax qil- poke fun at X, make fun of X kulgiga qol- be laughed at, make a fool of o.s. kulgili adj making one laugh, ridiculous comic, funny kulgili bo'l- get ridiculous
KUT- v.t expect kutil- v.int be expected kutilmagan unexpected kutilmaganlik n surprise N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i yet- see through that X, expect X oldindan ko'r- foresee, anticipate HAYRAT n surprise, amazement, wonder hayratda qoldir- surprise, astonish, amaze hayratga sol- surprise, astonish, amaze hayratlan- v.int be surprised, astonished, be amazed HAYRON adj | NX+ga ~ (bo'l-) (be) surprised, astonished, amazed at X (be) dizzy, be at a loss hayron qol- be surprised, astonished, amazed be dizzy, be at a loss hayron qoldir- surprise, astonish, amaze hayron qil- surprise, astonish, amaze hayronlik n surprise, astonishment, amazement AJAB adj strange, surprising, odd, extraordinary ajabo int | ~ CX it is very surprising, X ajablan- v.int | NX+dan ~ wonder at X, be astonished, amazed at X ajablanarli adj surprising, astonishing ajablantir- v.t amaze, astonish TAAJJUB n surprise, astonishment adj | NX+ga ~ bo'l- be surprised, astonished at X adj | NX+ga ~ qol- be surprised, astonished at X taajjublan- v.int be surprised, astonished taajjublanarli adj surprising, astonishing GANGIRA- v.int be astounded, be amazed, be disconcerted ESANKIRA- v.int be dizzy, be disconcerted UMID n hope, wish, expectation CX deb ~ bog'la- hope that X VX+ish uchun ~+i bor have hope for X NX+dan ~+ini uz- lose hope for X N(ish)X+ni umid qil- hope to X CX deb umid qil- hope that X umidsiz adj hopeless umidsizlik n despair umidsizlikka tush- despair, lose hope umidsizlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ despair of X, lose hope for X umidsizlantir- v.t discourage, dishearten umidlan- v.int | CX deb ~ hope that X umidvor adj hopeful ORZU n desire, aspiration, hope, wish, dream VX+ishni orzu qil- wish to X, hope that X, dream of Xing orzumand adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ hopeful about X, desirous of X NX+dan ko'ngl+i qol- be disappointed with X, take offence at X ko'ngl+i qoldir- disappoint X
163 QO'RQ- v.int | NX+dan ~ be afraid of X, fear X qo'rqinchli adj frightning, fearful, terrifying, scary qo'rqinch n fear, terror qo'rqit- v.t frighten NX+ni ~+ib yubor- frighten X, scare X qo'rquv n fear HADIK n fear hadiksira- v.int be afraid, worry hadiksirat- v.t frighten, make worry YOTSIRA- v.int be intimidated, keep out HURK- v.int get frightened hurkib ket- jump with fright hurkit- v.t frighten haybatli adj formidable, frightening, fearsome bahaybat adj colossal, huge formidable, frightning, fearsome VAHIMA n terror, panic, fear vahimaga bos- be seized with terror, get into a panic vahimaga tush- be seized with terror, get into a panic NX+ni ~+ga sol- frighten X, terrify X NX+ni vahima qil- cause X to panic vahimali adj terrifying, horrifying vahimachi n alarmist DAHSHAT n fear, terror, horror dahshat sol- terrorize dahshat oltida qol- be terrified dahshatli adj terrifying, threatening TERROR n terror terror qil- terrorize
TASHVISH n worry, trouble, anxiety N(gani)X uchun ~+ga tush- be worried, troubled by X, be anxious tashvishga sol- worry, trouble tashvishli adj worry, troubled, anxious tashvishsiz adj free of worries, untroubled betashvish adj free of worries, untroubled tashvishlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ be worried, troubled by X, be anxious tashvishlantir- v.t worry, trouble, bother XAVOTIR n worry, anxiety N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'l- be worried, alarmed by X xavotirli adj worrying, alarming xavotirlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ be worried, alarmed by X xavotirlantir- v.t worry, alarm BEZOVTA adj anxious, troubled, perturbed, disturbed bezovta qil- make anxious, trouble; disturb, bother bezovtalik n anxiety, trouble bezovtalan- v.int be anxious, troubled SAROSIMA n trouble, confusion, helplessness sarosima bo'l- get troubled, confused sarosimada qol- get troubled, confused sarosimaga tush- get troubled, confused sarosimaga sol- trouble, confuse, disturb sarosima qil- trouble, confuse, disturb sarosimalik n state of confusion o'ng'aysiz adj uneasy, confused o'ng'aysizlan- v.int feel uneasy, get confused G'ULG'ULA n confusion, trouble, disarray g'ulg'ula sol- cause confusion, sow confusion
164 bechora adj helpless, distraught DIQQAT N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'l- be worried, anxious about X xavflan- v.int | NX+dan ~ apprehend X, worry about X xavfsira- v.int | NX+dan ~ apprehend X, worry about X XUNOB adj nervous, uneasy, worried xunob bo'l- feel nervous, uneasy, get worried xunob qil- make nervous, worry BOS- v.t oppress, overcome ko'ngl+i to'k free of anxiety, calm yengillash- v.int be relieved, be eased yengillashtir- v.t relieve, ease
BAXT n good fortune, luck, happiness baxtli adj fortunate, lucky, happy (person) baxtsiz adj unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy badbaxt adj unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy baxtiyor adj fortunate, lucky, happy (moment, event) SAODAT n happiness, well-being saodatli adj happy, prosperous baxt-saodat happiness, well-being baxt-saodatli happy, prosperous XURSAND adj | N(gani)X+dan ~ happy, glad about X, joyful, cheerful VX+ib ~ bo'l- be glad, delighted that X, rejoice that X xursand qil- delight xursandlik n happiness, joy xursandchilik n rejoicing SHOD adj happy, glad, jolly, merry shodlik n happiness, joy, jollity, merriment shodlan- v.int rejoice, be glad, delighted shodon adj happy, glad, jolly, merry CHOG' adj happy, cheerful chog'lik n happiness, cheerfulness XUSHCHAQCHAQ adj cheerful, jolly, merry sevin- v.int | NX+dan ~ rejoice at X, be glad, delighted with X sevintir- v.t delight sevinch n rejoicing, joy, delight QUVNA- v.int rejoice quvnoq adj glad, happy quvnoqlik n joy, happiness QUVON- v.int | NX+dan ~ rejoice at X v.int | VX+ib ~ rejoice on Xing quvonch n rejoicing, joy, pleasure quvonch bilan with pleasure quvonchli adj joyful, heartening G'AM n sorrow, sadness, grief worry, trouble, anxiety g'am chek- be sad, be depressed, be worried g'am tort- be sad, be depressed, be worried NX+ning ~+ini ye- be worry about X, be anxious g'amli adj sad, depressed, sorrowful beg'am adj carefree, feeling easy beg'amlik n unconcern g'amgin adj sad, sorrow, melancholic g'amginlik n sadness, sorrow, melancholy
165 QAYG'U n sorrow, sadness N(gani)X uchun ~ tort- sorrow over X, grieve over X qayg'uga sol- sadden, grieve qayg'uli adj sad, sorrowful (people, event) qayg'usiz adj carefree, free of worries qayg'ur- v.int | N(gani)X uchun ~ sorrow over X, grieve over X show solicitude for X, look after X HASRAT n grief, sorrow NX+dan hasrat qil- grieve X hasratli adj grieved, sad hasratlan- v.int grieve RAHM NX+ga rahm+i kel- (NX+ga rahm+i feel sorry for X kel(di)) qon yut- nurse a grievance, suffer great sorrow XOMUSH adj sad, silent ALAM n pain, suffering, bitterness alam tort- suffer NX+ga alam qil- make X suffer, annoy X KULFAT n distress, trouble NX+ga ~ keltir- cause distress, trouble to X PARISHON adj perplex, confused ko'ngl+i parishon perplex, confused parishonlik n perplexity, confusion XAFA adj | NX+dan ~ upset at X, annoyed with X, unhappy about X offended by X be(come) offended by X NX+dan ~ bo'l- be(come) upset, annoyed with X upset, annoy, distress, grieve xafa qil- offend upset, unhappiness xafalik n offence (taken) upset, unhappiness xafagarchilik n / xafachilik offence (taken)
RANJI- v.int | NX+dan ~ be offended by X, upset at X, hurt by X ranjit- v.t offend, upset, hurt ranjitib qo'y- offend, upset, hurt G'AZAB n anger, rage, fury g'azab+i kel- get angry, furious NX+ning ~+ini keltir- make X angry, furious g'azabli adj angry, furious g'azablan- v.int get angry, furious, indignant g'azablantir- v.t make angry, furious, indignant darg'azab adj angry, furious, offended ACHCHIQ n bitterness, anger achchiq+i kel- get angry, bitter NX+ning ~+ini keltir- make X angry, bitter achchiq qil- get angry, bitter achchig'+i tez quick-tempered, irritable achchig'+i yomon quick-tempered, irritable achchiqlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ get angry with / at / about X achchiqlantir- v.t make angry, bitter achchiqlash- v.int get angry at each other, quarrel
166 JAHL n anger, temper (NX+dan) ~+i chiq- get angry (at X), lose one's temper NX+ning ~+ini chiqar- make X angry, make X lose one's temper jahlli adj angry, irritated jahldor adj quick-tempered, irascible badjahl adj angry, cross QAHR n anger qahrli adj angry, irritated qahrlan- v.int get angry, lose one's temper QIZI- v.int get angry QAYNA- v.int boil, get angry fe'l+i ayni- get upset BUZ- v.t upset fe'l+ini buz- get angry, lose one's tamper jon+i chiq- get furious jon+ini chiqar- annoy, trouble, bother NX+ning jon+iga teg- nag X, bother X, annoy X, get X in trouble NX+ning bosh+ini og'rit- bother X kuyin- v.int suffer, be grieved kuydir- v.t anger, annoy, cause trouble QIZAR- v.int | NX+ning yuz+i ~ turn red, blush BO'ZAR- v.int grow pale KUL- v.int laugh kuldir- v.t make laugh kulgi n laughter kulimsira- v.int smile XAXOLA- v.int roar with laughter TABASSUM n smile tabassum qil- smile ILJAY- v.int smile, grin JILMAY- v.int smile YIG'I n weeping, crying, sobbing yig'i-sig'i weeping and wailing YIG'LA- v.int weep, cry, sob v.int | NX+dan ~ cry with / about X yig'lat- v.t make cry yig'loq n whiner HIQILLA- v.int sob hiqillab yig'la- sob O'KIR- v.int howl cry loudly HO'NGRA- v.int weep loudly ho'ngrab yig'la- weep loudly INGRA- v.int groan oh tort- moan, groan, sigh oh ur- moan, groan, sigh XO'RSIN- v.int sigh
167 Action and Modality Will, Ability and Necessity
KEL- v.int | N(gi)X+i ~ feel like Xing, get X(y) ISTA- v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ desire X, want X, wish X istar-istamas reluctantly istak n | N(ish)X+ga ~ aspiration, desire, wish for X XOHISH n | N(ish)X+ga ~ wish, aspiration, desire for X xohish+ini bajo keltir- satisfy one's wish, desire XOHLA- v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ want X,wish X, desire X xohlamasdan reluctantly xohlovchi n volunteer IXTIYOR n will ixtiyoriy adj voluntary, of one's free will ixtiyorsiz ad involuntary(ly) compelled beixtiyor adj involuntary(ly) HAVAS n wish, desire NX+da N(ish)Y+ga ~+i bor (X) have desire for Y havasmand adj easily getting carried away NAFS n desire, greed, lust ORZU n desire, aspiration, hope, wish, dream VX+ishni orzu qil- wish to X, hope that X, dream of Xing MUSHTOQ adj desired, highly-coveted mushtoqlik n desire, covetousness HAFSALA n desire, wish kamhafsala adj inert, passive TILA- v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ wish X (for Y) tilak n wish MAYL n | NX+ga ~+i inclination, aspiration towards X, wish RAG'BAT n inclination, liking, desire rag'batlan- v.int be interested, be motivated rag'batlantir- v.t interest, motivate INTIL- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ have a leaning towards X, endeavour to X N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i qiyma- be reluctant to X ERIN- v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ be unwilling to X, reluctant to X ARANG adv with difficulty reluctantly N(ish)X+ga bel bog'la- make up one's mind to X o'z-o'zicha go one's own o'z-o'zidan spontaneously JON jon deb CX eagerly looking forward to X VX+ish uchun ko'ngl+i bor be willing to X VX+ishga ko'ngl+i tortma- be unwilling to X ko'ngilli adj voluntary
168 QAT'IY adj firm, resolute, determined adv thoroughly, resolutely N(ishi)X+dan qat'iy nazar regardless of X, irrespective of X qat'iylik n firmness, resolution, determination qat'iyat n determination, resolution, willpower qat'iyatli adj determined, resolute qat'iyatsiz adj irresolute, undecided qat'iylash- v.int get resolute, determined NX+da qattiq tur- persist in X VOZ n | NX+dan ~ kech- abandon X, renounce X, give up X QAYT- v.int | NX+dan ~ refrain from X N(ish)X+dan bo'yin tovla- refrain from X TIY- v.t hold back, restrain tiyil- v.int hold off TASHLA- v.t give up, stop tashlab ket- give up, stop JUR'AT n daring, determination N(ish)X+ga jur'at qil-/et- dare X NX uchun jur'at qil-/et- be bold, daring in X BOTIN- v.int | VX+ish uchun ~ dare X QAROR n decision, resolution NX haqida ~ chiqar- adopt a decision about X VX+ishga qaror qil- decide to X qarorga kel- make up one's mind beqaror adj undecided fickle, inconstant ikkilan- v.int hesitate, be undecided ikkilanish hesitation ikkilanmasdan / ikkilanmay without hesitation ikkilanuvchi n hesitant, wavering
QOBILIYAT n capacity, capability, ability NX+da N(ish)Y ~+i bor (X) have the ability for Y qobiliyatli adj capable, competent, able qobiliyatsiz adj incapable, incompetent qobiliyatsizlik n incompetence ISTE'DOD n talent, faculty, ability iste'dodli adj talented, able TALANT n talent talantli adj talented talantsiz adj untalented QODIR adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (be) able to X qodirlik n ability LAYOQAT n ability, capability layoqatli adj able, capable layoqatsiz n incapable layoqatsizlik adj inability SHUD n ability, dexterity shudli adj capable, competent noshud adj incapable, incompetent, clumsy NO'NOQ adj clumsy, awkward, inapt no'noqlik n clumsiness, awkwardness, inaptitude OL- v.t take VX+a ~ can X
169 BIL- v.t know, comprehend VX+ishni ~ know how to X VX+a ~ know how to X USTA adj | NX+ga ~ expert in X, skilled in X ustalik n mastery, skills TEXNIKA n technique, art, skill HUNAR n craft, handicraft, profession, trade skill, talent MOHIR adj skilful, masterly, clever mohirlik n skill mohirona adv skilfully, masterfully, cleverly MAHORAT n skill, mastery, technical ability mahoratli adj highly skilled, masterly mahoratsiz adj unskilled MALAKA n qualifications malakali adj qualified, skilled NX+ning ko'z+ini bil- know well how to do X bosh+i garang bo'l- do not know what to do NX+ning bosh+ini garang qil- bother X LAPASHANG adj sluggish, slow MUMKIN adj possible adj | NX VY+ishi ~ (Y) be possible for X mumkin qadar to the best of one's ability BO'L- v.int | VX+ish ~ (X) be possible NX+ga kuch+i yet- be in one's power to X NX+ga qo'l+idan kel- be in position to X, have ability in X EP n | N(ish)X+ning ~+i possibility, opportunity to X ojizona ad helpless(ly), powerless(ly) xudo xohlasa if God wills
TANLA- v.t choose, select tanlab ol- pick up tanlash choice tanlan- v.int be chosen, selected tanlov n competition, selection SARALA- v.t sort saralab ol- select, pick up SAYLA- v.t elect, vote for, choose saylab ol- choose, select O'RIN NX+ning o'rniga instead of X (o'rn+i) ERK n freedom, liberty erksiz adj without liberty; forced, compelled erkin ad free(ly) erkinlik n freedom, liberty OZOD adj free, liberated, emancipated ozod bo'l- be freed, liberated, exempted NX+ni NY+dan ozod qil- free, liberate, exempt X from Y ozodlik n freedom, liberation, emancipation ozodlikka chiq- get one's freedom ozodlikka chiqar- free, emancipate, liberate ozodla- v.t free, liberate
170 HUR adj free hurlik n freedom HURRIYAT n freedom, liberty ISTIQLOL n independence MUSTAQIL adj independent mustaqillik n independence AVTONOM adj autonomous avtonomiya n autonomy MUXTOR adj autonomous muxtoriyat n autonomy XALOS NX+dan ~ bo'l- be relieved, get rid of X, be freed from X NX+dan xalos qil- relieve, free from X xaloskor n liberator, saviour QUTUL- v.int | NX+dan ~ be released, break away, free o.s. from X NX+dan qochib ~ escape X, flee X, break away from X qutultir- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ release, free, liberate X from Y MAJBUR adj | VX+ishga ~ (bo'l-) (be) forced, compelled, obliged to X majbur qil- force, compel, oblige majburiy adj compulsory, obligatory majburiyat n obligation, constraint duty majburan adv by force zo'rla- v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~ force, compel, oblige X to Y TO'SQIN n obstacle, hindrance NX+ga ~ bo'l- hinder X, be an obstacle to X to'sqinlik n hindrance, opposition NX+ga to'sqinlik qil- hinder X, oppose to X XALAQIT n hindrance, trouble N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- hinder X, prevent from X, interfere in X BO'SH adj empty, void free (time, people), vacant (space) bo'shla- v.int become empty, be free BAND adj busy, engaged, taken (space, people) band bo'l- be busy band qil- occupy rent; reserve VAQT vaqt+i bor have time vaqt+i yo'q have no time N(ish)X+ga qo'l+i tegma- have no time for X
N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri kel- it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X KERAK n necessity, need adj | NX+ga NY ~ (X) need Y adj | NX VY+ishi ~ (X) must Y keragicha as necessary, as required keraklik n necessity, need, requirement kerakli adj necessary, needed keraksiz adj unnecessary LOZIM n necessity, need, requirement adj | NX+ga NY ~ (X) need Y adj | NX VY+ishi ~ (X) must Y ZARUR adj necessary, essential zarurlik n necessity zarurat n necessity, need zaruriyat n necessity, need
171 ZOR n strong need zoriq- v.int | NX+ga ~ be in great need of X DARKOR n necessity, need adj | NX+ga NY ~ (Y) be necessary, needed to X SHART n condition (necessary for sth) NX VY+ishi ~ (X) have to Y (emphatic) HOJAT n need, necessity, urge NX+ning NY+ga ~+i bor X need Y NX+ning NY+ga ~+i yo'q X have no need of Y hojatli adj necessary hojatsiz adj unnecessary ASLO adv (with neg.) not at all, on no account, never ZINHOR adv (with neg.) on no account SIRA adv (with neg.) never qat'iyan adv definitely MUHTOJ adj needy, in need NX+ga ~ (bo'l-) need X, be in need of X muhtojlik n need muhtojsiz adj without any need EHTIYOJ n needs, demands KET- v.int | NY uchun NX ~ need to take/spend X for Y BURCH n duty, obligation burchli adj indebted majburiyat n duty navbatchi n (person) on duty navbatchilik n duty
172 Acts and Results
QIL- v.t do, make, perform qilin- v.int be done, be made, be performed qilmish n action, conduct ISH n matter, affair, business, thing work, job, task NX bilan ~+i bor have business to do with X NX+ni ~+ga osh- carry out X ish ko'r- handle affairs, act ish tut- handle affairs, act ishla- v.int work ishlat- v.t use, utilize, employ ishchan adj hard-working, dynamic, resourceful YUMUSH n work, job, task HARAKAT n movement, move action harakat qil- act qarshi harakat qil- react harakatsiz adj inactive harakatchan adj active FAOL adj active faoliyat n activity faoliyatli adj active, of action faoliyatsiz adj inactive AMAL n action, deeds amalda in practice NX+ni ~+ga oshir- bring about, realize X, put X into effect amal qil- act amaliy adj practical amaliyot n practice amalla- v.t come through all right, handle well tomonidan post | NX+ning ~ by X (action performed thru X) tarafidan post | NX+ning ~ by X (action performed thru X) BEKOR adj, n idle(ness) useless(ness), empty, emptiness n nothing bekorga for nothing, in vain bekorga ket- be in vain bekor qil-/et- cancel, rescind, annul ZOYE adv in vain, at a loss zoye bo'l- be in vain, be wasted zoye ket- be in vain, be wasted zoye qil- waste, squander BEHUDA ad useless, nonsensical BEJIZ ad without a reason, aimless(ly) bejiz emas not without reason
UCHUN post | N(ish)X ~ for X (sake/purpose), in order to X post | N(gani)X ~ for X (reason), because of X DE- NX deb CY Y with X in mind, Y for the sake of X NIYAT n intention, aim VX+ishga niyat qil- intend to X, mean to X NX+ni niyat qil- aim X AX niyat qil- mean X, intend X
173 MAQSAD n purpose, goal, aim, intention maqsad+iga yet- achieve one's aim maqsad bilan with a purpose maqsadsiz adj aimless, purposeless MUROD n wish, aim murod+iga yet- achieve one's aim MANZIL n goal, aim, destination manzil+iga yet- attain one's goal G'OYA n ideal, aim, object g'oyali adj with ideals g'oyaviy adj ideal g'oyasiz adj with no ideal NISHON n mark, sign target nishona n mark JO'RTTAGA adv deliberately, intentionally G'ARAZ n (evil) design, (ill) intent VX+ishga g'araz qil- have evil designs, ill intent to X g'arazli ad intentional(ly), deliberate(ly) g'arazsiz ad unintentionally, inadvertently QASD n (evil) design; grudge qasdan adv intentionally, deliberately LOYIHA n project, scheme, plan, design loyihala- v.t plan, design loyihachi n designer REJA n plan, project, draft NX+ni ~+ga ol- plan X rejali adj planned rejasiz adj unplanned rejalashtir- v.t plan PROYEKT n project, design XOMAKI n draft PLAN n plan planli adj planned plansiz adj unplanned planlashtir- v.t plan planlashtirish planning MO'LJAL n estimate, draft, plan mo'ljalla- v.t estimate, draft, plan TASHABBUS n initiative, proposal, efforts tashabbuskor n initiator, instigator, pioneer tashabbuskorlik n initiative, venture, undertaking oldini ol- prevent, pre-empt PROGRAMMA n program kun tartibi agenda
KUT- v.t wait for expect kutil- v.int be waited for kuttir- v.t keep sb waiting POYLA- v.t wait for, await poylat- v.t keep sb waiting
174 INTIZOR adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ eagerly, anxiously, impatiently awaiting X N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'l- await X eagerly, anxiously, impatiently intizor qil- oblige to wait intizorlik n waiting (with impatience) NAVBAT n turn queue, line navbatda tur- stand in a line, in a queue navbatdagi following, next KO'R- v.int | VX+ib ~ try to X, attempt to X BOQ- v.int | VX+ib ~ try to X, attempt to X harakat qil- act N(ish)X uchun harakat qil- endeavour to X, try to X VX+ishga harakat qil- endeavour to X, try to X urin- v.int | VX+ishga ~ attempt to X, try to X VX+ishga ~+ib ko'r- attempt to X, try to X urinish attempt, try TIRISH- v.int | VX+ish uchun ~ try hard to X, endeavour to X tirishqoq adj hardworking, diligent, assiduous zo'r ber- make an effort, take the trouble to try INTIL- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ have a leaning towards X, endeavour to X G'AYRAT n energy, willpower, zeal N(ish)X uchun g'ayrat qil- strive to X, endeavour to X g'ayratlan- v.int display vigour, bestir oneself g'ayratlantir- v.t raise sb's spirit, cheer sb up ishchan adj hard-working, dynamic, resourceful ishchanlik n dynamism, resourcefulness QUNT n persistence, concentration KURASH- v.int wrestle, fight v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ struggle, fight, strive for X NOMZOD n candidate nomzodlik n application BEKOR adj, n idle(ness) bekorchi n idler, unoccupied person bekorchilik n idleness, inactivity
TAYYOR adj ready, prepared tayyor bo'l- be ready, get ready, get prepared tayyor qil- prepare tayyorlik n preparations tayyorla- v.t prepare tayyorlan- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ prepare (o.s) for X, get ready for X tayyorgarlik n preparations readiness HOZIR adj | ~ (bo'l-) be present, be ready hozirlik n preparations NX+ga ~ ko'r- get ready for X hozirla- v.t prepare, get ready hozirlan- v.int | NX+ga ~ prepare for X, get ready for X kirish- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ set about X, start Xing OCH- v.t open, set up, start ASOS n basis, foundation, ground NX+ga ~ sol- lay the foundations of X asosla- v.t argue found, base asoschi n founder
175 QO'ZG'A- v.t arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause qo'zg'at- v.t arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause QO'Y- v.t put forward, give put away, quit, give up v.int | VX+ib ~ do X (and cause a result) v.int | VX+may ~ stop Xing yo'lga qo'y- put into effect, implement TASHLA- v.t throw, throw away VX+ib ~ do X quickly and thoroughly YUBOR- v.t send VX+ib ~ do X suddenly and completely AMAL amalga osh- be completed NX+ni ~+ga oshir- bring about, realize X, put X into effect BAJO adj not bad, okay bajo keltir- fulfill, complete BAJAR- v.t carry out, fulfill, complete bajaril- v.int get carried out, fulfilled, completed IJRO n execution, carrying out, fulfillment ijro et-/qil- execute, carry out, fulfill ijrochi n executant ijroiya adj executive ADO n fulfillment, carrying out ado et-/qil- fulfill, carry out TARAQQIY adj developing, progressing taraqqiy qil-/et- develop, progress, advance taraqqiyot n development, progress, advancement oldga sur- push forward, advance oldga suril- progress NX+ni olib bor- conduct X NX+ni NY+ga olib bor- fulfill X to Y(=degree of achievement) MASHG'UL adj | NX bilan ~ (bo'l-) (be) busy with X mashg'ulot n task, operation studies SHUG'ULLAN- v.int | NX bilan ~ be engaged in X, go in for X O'T- v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~ change to (an other) X o'tkaz- v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~ go to (an other) X
ERISH- v.int | NY+da NX+ga ~ achieve, obtain X in Y, see X through QOZON- v.t gain, win, obtain NATIJA n result; conclusion N(gani)X ~+sida as a result of X natija ber- have, yield a result NX+da ~+ga erish- achieve results in X natijali ad effective(ly), with results natijasiz ad ineffective(ly), without results OQIBAT n result, end oqibatli adj effective, with results oqibatsiz adj vain, without results
176 MUVAFFAQ VX+ishga ~ bo'l- succeed in Xing, manage to X muvaffaqiyat n | N(ish)X+ida ~ success in X, achievement in X muvaffaqiyatga erish- be successful (person) muvaffaqiyat qozon- succeed muvaffaqiyatli ad successful(ly) muvaffaqiyatli chiq- be successful (action) muvaffaqiyatsiz adj unsuccessful muvaffaqiyatsizlik n failure, setback muvaffaqiyatsizlikga uchra- fail, be unsuccessful MUYASSAR n | N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'l- succeed in X, obtain X, achieve X yutuq n achievement, success NX+da ~ qozon- succeed in X yutuqli adj successful o'ngidan kel- go ahead successfully (affairs) ULGUR- v.int | NX+ga ~ get to X, reach X in time epla- v.t manage to, do successfully qo'l+idan kel- be able to manage yetish- v.int | NX+ga ~ attain X, catch up with X tugat- v.t finish, complete liquidate, wipe out BARTARAF bartaraf bo'l- end, get settled bartaraf qil- end, settle, get rid of tugalla- v.t eliminate, eradicate, finish off O'T- v.int be valid, be effective, have market
OL- VX+ib ~ X for one's own benefit / suffering BER- v.int | VX+ib ~ X for s.o. else's benefit, assistance FOYDA n advantage, benefit, profit NX+ning ~+siga bo'l- be to the advantage of X foyda chiqar- take advantage of foyda keltir- bring benefit, help foyda qil- bring benefit, help foydali adj advantageous, beneficial, useful foydasiz adj without advantage, not beneficial, useless befoyda adj without advantage, not beneficial, useless foydalan- v.int | NX+dan ~ take advantage of X, use X, utilize X MANFAAT n interest, profit, benefit o'z+ining manfaatga to one's advantage manfaatli adj advantageous, interesting manfaatsiz adj without advantage, uninteresting manfaatparast n person looking for advantages manfaatdor n beneficiary NAF n worth, value, benefit N(ish)X+dan ~ ol- benefit from X nafsiz adj without value, not beneficial SAMARA n result, fruit, product samarali adj fruitful, profitable, efficient samarasiz adj fruitless, unprofitable, inefficient
177 ZARAR n harm, damage, loss NX+ga ~ yetkaz- harm X NX+ga ~ ber- harm X zarar tort- lose, get damage zarar keltir- cause damage zarar qil- lose, get damage zararli adj harmful, detrimental zararsiz adj harmless ZIYON n loss, damage, harm NX+dan ~ ko'r- suffer loss, damage in X NX+dan ~ tort- suffer loss, damage in X ziyon keltir- cause damage ziyon tort- sustain loss (in business) NX+dan ziyon qil- suffer loss, damage in X ziyonli adj harmful, detrimental ziyonsiz adj harmless TALAFOT n loss, damage, harm talafot ko'r- suffer loss, damage FIDO n sacrifice fido qil-/et- sacrifice oneself fidokor adj devoted fidokorlik n self-sacrifice, abnegation QURBON n sacrifice, offerings victime, martyr qurbon bo'l- sacrifice oneself, be sacrificed qurbon qil- sacrifice
BUNYOD bunyod bo'l- appear, be created bunyod qil- make appear, create bunyodkor n creator bunyodkorlik n creation YARAT- v.t create, compose, produce yaratil- v.int be created, be composed, be produced yaratuvchi n creator, composer IJOD n creation, invention ijod et-/qil- create, invent ijodiy adj creative, inventive ijodiyot n creation ijodkor n creator, inventor ijodkorlik n creativeness, inventiveness IXTIRO n invention ixtiro qil-/et- invent ixtirochi n inventor YASA- v.t make, construct yasama adj man-made, artificial, false QUR- v.t build, construct (l/f) qayta qur- rebuild, reconstruct quril- v.int be built, in construction v.int | NX+dan ~ be constituted, composed, made up of X qurilish n building, construction (l/f) quruvchi n builder, constructor (l/f) rivojlantir- v.t develop OBOD adj prosperous, flourishing / OBODON obod qil- develop, make prosperous obodonlik n development obodlashtir- v.t develop obodonchilik n development
178 TUZ- v.t draw up, form, make
NAMUNA n, adj model, example NX+ga ~ bo'l- be an example to X NX+dan ~ ol- take X as an example namunali adj model, exemplary IBRAT n | NX+dan ~ ol- take X as an example, learn from X o'xshat- v.int | NX+ga ~ imitate X TAQLID n copy, imitation NX+ga taqlid qil- copy X, imitate X taqlidiy adj imitative taqlidchi n imitator O'RIN NX+ning o'rn+ida in X's place (o'rn+i) TUT- v.t hold, keep (l/f) maintain, preserve SAQLA- v.t keep, guard, safeguard, take care of keep, observe (rules) v.t | NX+dan ~ save, preserve, protect from X NX+ning jon+ini ~ save X's life saqlan- v.int be saved, preserved v.int | NX+dan ~ take precautions, guard against X HIMOYA n protection, defence, support NX+dan himoya qil- protect from X, defend, support against X himoyasiz adj defenceless, helpless QUTQAR- v.t save, preserve, rescue, deliver qutqarib qol- save, preserve (life,...) qutqaruvchi n saviour; rescuer OMON adj safe, unharmed omon bo'l- be safe, unharmed omonlik n safety omonsiz adj with no safety BOSHPANA n shelter, refuge (l/f) TUZA- v.t arrange, decorate, adorn tuzal- v.int recover (from an illness) get better; be mended, be repaired tuzat- v.t arrange, tidy repair, mend, fix correct tuzatish n proof(s), correction(s) REMONT n repair(s), maintenance remont qil- repair, mend, fix TA'MIR n repair(s), mending, reconstruction, restoring ta'mirla- v.t repair, mend, reconstruct, restore tikla- v.t restore mukammallashtir- v.t perfect
ishdan chiq- be out of order ishdan chiqar- damage YO'QOT- v.t lose eliminate, abolish, put to an end yo'qotil- v.int be eliminated, be abolished yo'q qil- destroy, annihilate, wipe out yo'q qilib tashla- destroy, annihilate, wipe out
179 YEMIR- v.t destroy, smash, erode yemiril- v.int be destroyed, smashed, eroded yemiruvchi n destroyer BUZ- v.t break, destroy, demolish, ruin spoil, corrupt buzil- v.int be broken, destroyed, ruined, out of order be spoilt, corrupted YAKSON yakson bo'l- get destroyed yakson qil- destroy, devastate, ruin VAYRON adj destroyed, devastated vayron bo'l- get destroyed, devastated vayron qil- destroy, devastate, ruin vayrona n ruins vayronalik n destruction, devastation, ruin XONAVAYRON adj ruined, destroyed xonavayron bo'l- be ruined, destroyed xonavayron qil- ruin, destroy XAROB adj ruined, collapsed, destroyed xarob bo'l- get ruined, destroyed, damaged xarob qil- ruin, destroy, damage xaroba n ruins xaroblik n destruction, devastation xaroblash- v.int get ruined, destroyed MAHV mahv (bo'l-) (get) annihilated, eliminated, destroyed mahv et-/qil- annihilate, eliminate, destroy SHIKAST adj damaged, broken, injured, hurt shikastla- v.t damage, break, injure NX+ning jon+iga teg- nag X, bother X, annoy X, get X in trouble
VAZIFA n task, mission, responsability assignment N(ish)X ~+si responsability of X ~ topshir- give a task, the responsability ~ ber- give a task, the responsability TOPSHIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ hand over, deliver X to Y entrust Y with X, trust X to Y topshiriq n task, mission KOMANDIROVKA n mission komandirovkaga bor- go on a mission, an assignment javobgar adj | NX+ga ~ responsible of X guilty javobgarlik n responsibility MAS'UL n person in charge adj responsible mas'uliyat n | N(ish)X ~+i responsibility of X mas'uliyatli adj of responsibility mas'uliyatsiz adj without responsibility mas'uliyatsizlik n irresponsibility ZIMMA n responsability, charge NX+ni NY+ning ~+siga yukla- put Y in charge of X N(ish)X+ni NY+ga havola qil- charge Y to X, entrust Y with X QATNASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ take part, participate in X, attend X qatnashish participation qatnashchi n participant qatnashuvchi n participant
180 ISHTIROK n attendance NX+ga ishtirok et-/qil- attend X ishtirokchi n participant DAVOMAT n presence, attendance qoldir- v.t leave, put aside miss NX+ga quloq qoq- respond to X, react to X javoban adv | NX+ga ~ in answer/response to X ARALASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ get mixed up with X take part in X, interfere in X oraga chiq- not interfere oraga kir- interfere, bother about NX+ga kun berma- bother X, not leave X in peace chetda qol- keep out of things, stay on the sidelines (o'z+ini) chetga tort- keep out of things, stay on the sidelines YORDAM n help, assistance N(ish)Y+da NX+ga ~ ber- help X in Y NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- give help to X, render assistance to X tez yordam first aid NX+ga yordam qil- give help to X, render assistance to X yordamsiz adj helpless yordamlash- v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~ help X in Y yordamchi n helper assistant, auxiliary KO'MAK n help, assistance ko'maklash- v.int help, assist o'zara ko'maklash- help, assist each other ko'makchi n helper assistant MADAD n help, assistance NX+ga ~ ber- help X, assist X HASHAR n mutual help, collective work DOD dod sol- call for help int | dod! help! SHERIK n partner friend, comrade, companion NX+ga ~ bo'l- be partner with X sheriklash- v.int cooperate sherikchilik n partnership good-companionship HAMKOR n collaborator hamkorlik n cooperation hamkorlik qil- cooperate SAFARBAR adj mobilized safarbar qil- mobilize safarbarlik n mobilization TARAF n side (one of two opposite sides) side, party NX+ning ~+idan on behalf of X betaraf adj neutral, abstainer betaraflik n neutrality, abstention, non-participation tarafdor n supporter NOM NX+ning nom+idan on behalf on X NX+ga yon bos- side with X, support X
181 MASLAHAT n advice NY+ga VX+ishni ~ ber- advise X to Y CY deb NX+ga ~ ber- advise X to Y NX+dan ~ so'ra- ask advice from X NX bilan maslahat qil- consult X NX+ga maslahat qil- consult X maslahatlash- v.int | NX bilan ~ consult X, ask advice from X maslahatchi n adviser; consultant, counselor KENGASH n council, advice NX+ga yo'l o'rgat- give X advice yo'ldan chiqar- mislead TAVSIYA n recommendation N(ishi)X+ni tavsiya et-/qil- recommend to X TAQDIM n recommendation NX+ni NY+ga taqdim et-/qil- recommend X to Y offer, present, donate X to Y NASIHAT n advice, lecture, sermon nasihat qil- advise, sermonize
182 Circumstances
FURSAT n opportunity, chance fursatdan foydalan- seize the opportunity TAVAKKAL adv chancing tavakkal qil- take a chance, risk tavakkalchi n daring person imkoniyat n possibility, opportunity N(ish)X munosabat+i bilan on the occasion of X YO'LAKAY adv on the way yo'l-yo'lakay on the way, unexpectedly kezi kelganda some time QOL- v.int | NX+dan ~ lose X(=opportunity, ability) PAYT n (opportune) moment VAQT n time o'z vaqtida on time, in time vaqtsiz adj untimely bemahal adj untimely, inopportune BAHONA n pretext, excuse N(ish)X ~+sida under the pretext of X N(ish)X ~ bilan under the pretext of X CX deb bahona qil- pretend X VAJ n excuse, reason VX+ishi uchun ~ ko'rsat- make an excuse to VX+ishi uchun ~ top- find an excuse to vajsiz ad for no reason, arbitrari(ly) QOCH- v.int | NX+dan ~ flee X, run away from X avoid X NX+dan ~+ib ket- escape X, evade X qochir- v.t let escape, miss chetda qol- keep out of things, stay on the sidelines (o'z+ini) chetga tort- keep out of things, stay on the sidelines chetla- chetlab o't- flee; evade, elude GAROV n pawn, guarantee bet garov bog'lash- bet, wager garov o'yna- bet, wager NX yuz+i ko'r- get access to X
BAXT n good fortune, luck, happiness NX+ga ~ kel- X be lucky NX+ga ~ keltir- bring luck to X baxtga qarshi unfortunately baxt+i qora unlucky, born unlucky baxtli adj fortunate, lucky, happy baxtsiz adj unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy baxtsizlik n misfortune, ill luck badbaxt adj unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy baxtiyor adj fortunate, lucky, happy (moment, event)
183 OMAD n luck, success omad+i bor be lucky omad+i kel- be lucky omad+i ket- be unlucky omadni sinab ko'r- try one's luck omadli adj lucky omadsiz adj unlucky omadsizlik n ill luck qo'l+i kel(di)- one's luck's in IQBOL n luck, happiness, success TOLE n luck, fortune, fate (tole+i) YAXSHIYAMKI adv | ~, CX fortunately, X XAYRIYAT adv | ~, CX what a good thing, X QUTLUG' adj propitious SHO'R adj sad, unlucky (fate) peshana+si sho'r unfortunate (sad lot) BALO n misfortune, disaster, trouble NX+ga ~ teg- X be struck by misfortune baloga uchra- experience misfortune FALOKAT n ill-fortune, disaster, calamity falokatga yo'liq- suffer a disaster falokatli adj unfortunate MUSIBAT n misfortune, disaster musibat chek- experience misfortune, suffer musibat tort- experience misfortune, suffer musibatli adj unfortunate, painful OFAT n catastrophe, disaster tabiiy ofat natural disaster TANGLIK n crisis, difficulties KRIZIS n crisis ko'ngilsizlik n annoyance, trouble ko'ngilsizliklarga duchor bo'l- be in trouble DUCHOR NX+ga ~ bo'l- meet with X, suffer X(=ill fortune) duchor qil- bring (ill fortune) UCHRA- v.int | NX+ga ~ meet X, run into X, hit upon X experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness) YO'LIQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ meet X, see X, run into X experience X(=bad situation, illness) TUSH- NX+ga ~(+ib qol-) fall in/on X(=bad situation) YE- v.t suffer, endure (blow, attack) achchiq-chuchuk hardship, ups and downs FOJIA n tragedy, tragic situation fojiali adj tragic
QIYIN adj difficult, complicated, hard qiyinlik n difficulty (degree in) NX+ga qiyinlik qil- present problems to X qiyinlash- v.int get difficult qiyinlashtir- v.t make difficult qiyinchilik n difficulty QIYNA- v.t harass, torture, torment
184 OSON adj easy, light, simple osonlik n convenience, easiness osonlikcha adv easily OG'IR adj heavy, weighty difficult, hard og'irlik n difficulty, burden, hardship NX+ga og'irlik qil- be a burden for X og'irlash- v.int become heavy get worse (l/f) og'irchilik n difficulty, hardness ZO'R n force, might, strength zo'r bilan with all one's might, strenuously zo'rg'a adv with difficulty, barely enough YENGIL adj light (l/f) yengillik n easiness yengillash- v.int get lighter (l/f) yengillashtir- v.t lighten, make lighter (l/f) MUSHKUL adj arduous, difficult, hard mushkulot n difficulty, arduousness mushkullash- v.int get difficult MASHAQQAT n trouble, difficulty, suffering mashaqqatli adj hard, painful mashaqqatsiz adj without difficulty ARANG adv with difficulty reluctantly (bir) amallab with great difficulty JO'N adj easy, simple RAVON ad fluent(ly), smooth(ly) O'NG'AY adj favourable, easy o'ng'aylik n convenience, easiness o'ng'aysiz adj unfavourable, uneasy o'ng'aylash- v.int get easier QULAY adj convenient, handy, comfortable qulaylik n convenience, handiness noqulay adj inconvenient noqulaylik n inconvenience, disadvantage qulayla- v.t make easier, facilitate qulaylash- v.int get easier, convenient SHINAM adj comfortable, cozy, nice
XAVF n danger, threat xavf ostida bo'l- be in danger xavf ostida qol- be in danger xavfdan qoch- escape danger xavfli adj | NX uchun ~ dangerous to X, perilous xavfsiz adj safe xavfsizlik n safety xavfsizlikda being safe xavflan- v.int | NX+dan ~ apprehend X, worry about X XATAR n danger, hazard xatar ostida (qol-) (be) in danger xatarli adj dangerous, hazardous bexatar adj safe xavf-xatar peril TAHLIKA n danger tahlika ostida (qol-) (be) in danger tahlikaga solib qo'y- put in danger
185 QALTIS adj perilous, risky, dangerous qaltislik n peril, risk, danger qo'rqinchli adj dangerous, perilous
186 Manner
USUL n | VX+ish ~+i method (of Xing), manner (of X), way of (Xing), procedure form, style METOD n method, way YO'L n way, road path way, method USLUB n style, manner RAVISH n manner, way TARZ n manner, form, way YO'SIN n manner, way turmush tarzi way of life yashash ravishi way of life VOSITA n means, measures, method vositali adj indirect vositasiz adj direct bevosita ad direct(ly) vositachi n intermediary vositachilik n | NX+ning ~+ida through the intermediary of X TADBIR n measure, steps, precaution N(ish)X uchun ~ ko'r- take steps to X tadbirli adj methodical SHAKL n form, shape manner, way ILOJ n | N(ish)X+ga ~ means, way, possibility of X iloj+i yo'q have no way out, can't help it iloji boricha AX+roq as X as possible iloj top- think of a way, find a solution ilojsiz adj beyond remedy, without solution having no way out CHORA n | N(ish)X+ga ~ way, means of X action, measures chora+si yo'q can't help it chora top- think of a way, find a solution chora ko'r- take measures chorasiz adj having no way out beyond remedy, without solution
BILAN post | NX ~ with X, by means of X, and X ORQALI post | NX ~ by means of X, through X, via X VOSITA NX+ning vositasi bilan by means of X YO'L NX+ning yo'li bilan by means of X bo'yicha post | NX ~ throughout X, all over X, all along X in accordance with X, in connection with X ever since X post | N(gani)X ~ asosan adv in principle, basically post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X, according to X BINOAN post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X, in consequence of X yuzasidan post | NX ~ in accordance with X
187 YARASHA post | NX+ga ~ according to X, corresponding to X QARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ look at X, watch X, gaze at X qarab post | NX+ga ~ in accordance with X qaramasdan post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ although X, notwithstanding X qaramay post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ although X, notwithstanding X qaraganda post | NX+ga ~ in comparison with X post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ considering X KO'RA post | N(ish)X+ga ~ in accordance with X, according to X, because of X foydalan- v.int | NX+dan ~ take advantage of X, use X, utilize X ishlat- v.t use, utilize, employ ishlatil- v.int be used, utilized, employed qo'lla- v.t adopt, use, employ qo'llan- v.int be adopted, be used, be employed qo'llanma n instruction(s), guide ISTE'MOL n use; consumption iste'mol qil- make use of; consume SUIISTE'MOL n misuse, use wrongly, abuse NX+dan suiiste'mol qil- misuse X, use X wrongly TATBIQ n use, implementation tatbiq et-/qil- apply, employ, adopt SARF n expenses; expenditure, spending sarf qil- spend sarfiyat n loss, wastage, expense sarfla- v.t spend ISROF n wasting, squandering isrof qil- waste, squander isrofgar n waster, squanderer isrofgarchilik n wasting, squandering ZOYE adv in vain, at a loss zoye bo'l- be in vain, be wasted zoye ket- be in vain, be wasted zoye qil- waste, squander YARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ be useful, helpful for X yaramas of no use, useless yaroqli adj | NX+ga ~ well-suited, suitable; useful for X yaroqsiz adj unsuitable; of no use, useless AYA- v.t spare, pity use sparingly, make best use of tayan- v.int | NX+ga ~ lean on/against X rely on X
CHIQ- v.int go out, exit v.int | VX+ib ~ do X thoroughly beril- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ devote o.s. to X berilgan devoted, loyal, staunch IXLOS n devotion, dedication, sincerity JONKUYAR adj devoted, dedicated jonkuyarlik n devotion, dedication chuqurlash- v.int deepen (l/f) chuqurlashtir- v.t deepen (l/f) ASTOYDIL adv diligently, conscientiously, wholeheartedly jon ber- give one's life do wholeheartedly jon-tan bilan with all one's heart
188 hayvonlarcha adj like beasts of burden atroflicha n in detail, thoroughly yuzaki ad superficial(ly) (l/f) yarim-yorti (only) half, anyhow, haphazardly betayin adj unclear, imprecise, vague untidy, muddle-headed betayinlik n imprecision, vagueness untidiness shaxsan adv personally YAQIN yaqindan directly, intimately
DIQQAT n attention, care, caution diqqat! attention! / look out! diqqat bilan carefully, attentively N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'l- be worried, anxious about X diqqat qil- pay attention to, be careful with diqqatsiz adj inattentive, careless diqqatsizlik n inattention, carelessness E'TIBOR n attention authority NX+ga ~ ber- pay attention to X e'tiborga ol- take into consideration e'tibor bilan attentively e'tiborsiz adj inattentive NX+ga ~ qara- pay no attention to X, neglect X e'tiborsizlik n inattention, carelessness diqqat-e'tibor attention, seeing and hearing EHTIYOT n care, caution, safeguard NX+dan ~ bo'l- be careful, cautious, prudent with X ehtiyotdan as a precaution ehtiyot qil- treat with care, caution set aside, reserve ehtiyotsiz ad not paying attention, careless(ly), imprudent ehtiyotsizlik n inattention, carelessness ehtiyotla- v.t guard, take care of ehtiyotlan- v.int guard against, protect o.s. of ehtiyotkor adj careful, cautious, prudent, circumspect ehtiyotkorlik n precaution, care, caution ehtiyotkorona adv carefully, cautiously, prudently, sparingly SAQLA- v.t keep, guard, safeguard, take care of saqlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ take precautions, guard against X PARVO n attention, notice NX+ga parvo qil- pay attention to X, take notice of X beparvo adj careless, negligent beparvolik n carelessness, negligence PARVARISH n care, tending parvarish qil- take care of, tend PUXTA adj strong, durable, thick, firm thorough, efficient, proper(ly) careful, prudent, deliberate puxta qil- be careful, be attentive puxtalik n efficiency carefulness jon kuydir- be concerned with, care for, treasure ZEHN NX+ga zehn qo'y- pay attention to X POYLA- v.t guard, watch
189 KUT- v.t wait for look after, receive, entertain (guests) BOQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ take care of X, bring up X feed X, pasture X boqim n care, supervision, maintenance boqimsiz adj uncared-for, abandoned boquvchi n herder watcher, tender QARA- v.int | NX+ga ~ look after X, take care of X qarash- v.int | NX+ga ~ help X, lend a hand to X TEJA- v.t save, economize take care of, care for, look after unutuvchan adj absent-minded, inattentive unutuvchanlik n absent-mindedness, inattention HUSHYOR adj vigilant, attentive, watchful hushyorlik n vigilance, attention OGOH adj cautious, careful, watchful, vigilant ogohlantir- v.t warn, caution, remind, admonish ogohlantirib qo'y- warn, caution, remind, admonish ko'r-ko'rona blindly, blindfold NAZORAT n control, supervision nazorat qil- control, supervise nazoratchi n controller, inspector, supervisor KONTROL n control, check, inspection REVIZOR n inspector, auditor atrofli ravishda in an all-round way OSOYISHTA ad quiet(ly), calm(ly), gentle(ly), careful(ly) osoyishtalik n quietness, calmness, gentleness, carefulness TEKIS ad smooth(ly); level JOY joyida just right, smoothly telbalik n crude and rash action, madness telbalarcha adv madly, crudely and rashly zo'rlik n violence zo'rlik bilan violently zo'ravon n brute, violent person zo'ravonlik n violence, brutality yashirincha adv secretly ALDA- v.t cheat, deceive aldan- v.int be cheated, be deceived aldamchi n cheat, swindler, deceiver aldamchilik n trickery, swindle, trap FIR- v.int | NX+ga ~+ib ber- deceive, fool G'IRROM n cheat, cardsharper adj dishonest g'irromlik n dishonesty, cheating g'irromlik qil- cheat YOLG'ON n lie, falsehood yolg'on gapir- lie, tell lies yolg'on so'zla- lie, tell lies NIQOB n guise, cover n | NX+ning ~+i under the guise of X niqobla- v.t mask, disguise, conceal
190 TUZOQ n trap NX+ga ~ qo'y- set a trap for X tuzoqqa tush- fall into the trap QOPQON n trap HIYLA n cunning, guile, trick, ruse NX+ga ~ ishlat- trick, cheat, deceive X NX+ga hiyla qil- trick, cheat, deceive X hiylali adj tricky hiylagar adj sly, cunning NAYRANG n trick, cunning NX+ga nayrang qil- trick, deceive X nayrangboz n cheat hiyla-nayrang cunning, trick, ruse hiyla-nayrang o't- use cunning mug'ombirlik qil- use cunning, pretend MAKKOR adj cunning, deceitful, perfidious makkorlik n cunning, deceitfulness, perfidy makkorona adv cunningly, deceitfully, perfidiously AYYOR adj crafty, deceitful ayyorlik n trickery, slyness, cunning ayyorlik qil- use trickery, cheat, deceive shaytonlik n malice, spite shaytonlik qil- do things maliciously
191 Attitudes Behaviour
MUOMALA n behaviour, conduct relations NY+ga AX ~ bo'l- behave X towards Y NY+ga AX muomala qil- treat Y X muomalali adj | AX ~ having a X character, behaviour xatti-harakat conduct, behaviour XULQ n disposition, character, temper behaviour qiliq n manners o'z+ini tut- behave POZITSIYA n position, attitude
YAXSHI ad good, fine, well, nice, kind yaxshilik n kindness, goodness; good deed yaxshilikcha adv in earnest, willingly EZGU adj good, kind, benevolent DURUST adj upright, correct, good MULOYIM adj soft, mild, silken gentle, mild, fond muloyimlik n softness, mildness, gentleness muloyimlash- v.int mellow xushfe'l adj gentle, mild, kind xushfe'llik n gentleness, mildness, kindness YUMSHA- v.int turn soft, become mellow ko'ngl+i yumsha- turn soft, become mellow yumshat- v.t soften ease, soften, pacify yumshoq adj soft, mild ko'ngl+i yumshoq soft-hearted yumshoq ko'ngilli soft-hearted yumshoqlik n softness, mildness ko'ngilchan adj soft-hearted, good-hearted ko'ngl+i oq kind-hearted, frank, honest oq ko'ngilli kind-hearted, frank, honest odamiy adj humane odamgarchilik n humaneness, humanity YOMON ad bad, wicked, evil yomonlik n evil deed YOVUZ adj evil, ferocious yovuzlik n evil; evil deed yovuzlash- v.int act ferociously yovuzlarcha adv fiercely, ferociously YIRTQICH adj predatory, ferocious yirtqichlik n predation, ferocity yirtqichlarcha adv like a predator
192 VAHSHAT n brutality, savageness, barbarity vahshat qil- act, behave barbarously, savagely vahshatli adj brutal, savage, barbarous VAHSHIY adj savage, brutal, barbarous, cruel vahshiylik n savage, brutal, barbarous, cruel act vahshiyona adj savagely, brutally, barbarously, cruelly ko'ngl+i qora dishonest, evil minded qora yurak evil ko'ngl+i qattiq hard-hearted qattiq ko'ngilli hard-hearted fe'l+i yaxshi of good character fe'l+i yomon of bad character xulq+i yaxshi of good character xulq+i yomon of bad character SHO'X adj naughty sho'xlik n naughtiness
SAXIY adj | NX+ga ~ generous, liberal towards X saxiylik n generosity, liberality SAXOVAT adj generosity, philantropy saxovatli n generous, philantropic, charitable MURUVVAT n humanity, generosity, leniency muruvvatli adj humane, generous, lenient ko'ngl+i keng generous yurag+i keng generous ochiq qo'lli generous qo'l+i ochiq generous OLIJANOB adj noble, high, magnanimous olijanoblik n nobleness, nobility, magnanimity FAZILAT n virtue, worth, moral character fazilatli adj | (yaxshi) ~ virtuous, of worth, with high moral character ko'ngl+i tor narrow and limited, mean yurag+i tor narrow and limited, mean BAXIL n, adj mean, spiteful (person) baxillik n meanness, spite, spitefulness PAST adj low, mean pastlik n lowness, vileness pastkash adj, n low, mean (people) yaramas adj vile, low yaramas qiliq vile action, low conduct QABIH adj wretched, lowly, disgusting RAZIL adj loathsome, contemptible, mean razillik n mean action razilona ad meanly IFLOS adj dirty (l/f), filthy, muddy mean ifloslik n dirtiness, dirt mean action ABLAH n scoundrel, bastard shaxsiyat n personality, inner-self self-esteem shaxsiyatparast n selfish, egoist shaxsiyatparastlik n selfishness, egoism
193 XUDBIN adj egoist, selfish xudbinlik n egoism, selfishness XASIS adj mean, stingy, miserly xasislik n stinginess, avarice, miserliness ZIQNA adj mean, stingy, miserly ziqnalik n stinginess, avarice, miserliness dunyoparast n greedy, grasping person pulparast n moneygrubbing, grasping person
VIJDON n conscience vijdonli adj with a conscience vijdonsiz adj conscienceless vijdonan adv in all conscience AXLOQ n morals, morality axloq+i buzuq immoral axloqli adj of high moral standards well-mannered axloqiy adj moral axloqsiz adj immoral, mean, wicked ill-mannered axloqsizlik n immoral action buzuq adj broken, spoilt, out of order unprincipled, dissolute, licentious fisq-fasod rumors, intrigue; immoral, promiscuous boyvachcha n daddy's boy, rich man's son dandy ODIL adj just, fair, impartial odillik n fairness, justice, impartiality odilona ad fair(ly), just(ly) ADOLAT n justice, righteousness XOLIS adj impartial, neutral xolislik n impartiality, neutrality xolisona ad impartial(ly)
INSOF n honesty, fairness, conscience insof qil- be fair, be just insofli adj honest, fair insofsiz adj dishonest, unfair, conscienceless insofsizlik n dishonesty, crookedness noinsof adj dishonest, unfair noinsoflik n dishonesty, crookedness HALOL adj honest(ly) halollik n honesty SOFDIL ad honest(ly), sincere(ly) sofdillik n honesty, sincerity TO'G'RI adj honest, sincere, upright (man or words) to'g'rilik n rightness, correctness honesty, sincerity, uprightness SODIQ adj faithful, true, loyal, sincere sodiqlik n faithfulness, loyalty, sincerity SADOQAT n faithfulness, fidelity, devotion sadoqatli adj faithful, devoted sadoqatsiz adj unfaithful, not devoted ko'ngl+ida kir yo'q clean, openhearted beril- berilgan devoted, loyal, staunch
194 IXLOS n devotion, dedication, sincerity JONKUYAR adj devoted, dedicated jonkuyarlik n devotion, dedication ochiq adj open adv openly, clearly, frankly ko'ngl+i ochiq frank, straightforward; good-natured ochiq ko'ngilli frank, straightforward; good-natured ochiq ko'ngillik frankness; goodness ochiq yuzli friendly ro'yi-rost frankly DANGAL adv frankly, openly CHIN adj true, sincere (words) chindan in all sincerity, indeed chin dildan with all one's heart chin ko'ngildan in all sincerity, indeed CHINAKAM n sincerity, earnestness adj sincere, true (words) SAMIMIY adj sincere, hearty, cordial samimiylik n sincerity, good faith, wholeheartedness samimiyatsiz adj insincere samimiyatsizlik n insincerity, bad faith iliq ad warm (l/f), tepid warm(ly), hearty(ly) RIYOKOR n hypocrite, dissembler riyokorlik n hypocrisy, dissembling, deceit riyokorona adv hypocritically, deceitfully SOXTA adj false, forged sham, hypocritical soxtalik n sham, hypocrisy QALBAKI adj false, forged hypocritical IKKIYUZLAMA adj two-faced, hypocritical ikkiyuzlamachi n double-dealer, hypocrite ikkiyuzlamachilik n hypocrisy, double character MUNOFIQ adj, n hypocritical, treacherous; hypocrite munofiqlik n hypocrisy, betrayal XIYONAT n treachery, betrayal NX+ga xiyonat qil-/et- betray X, deceive X xiyonatchi n traitor xiyonatkorlik n (action of) treachery, betrayal xiyonatkorona ad breaking faith, perfidious, treacherous XOIN n traitor, renegade adj treacherous xoinlik n betrayal xoinlik qil- betray xoinlarcha adv treacherously SOT- v.t sell, offer for sale sell out, betray sotil- v.int | NX+ga ~ sell o.s. to X sotqin adj mercenary, bribable NX+dan yuz+ini o'gir- turn one's face away from X G'IRROM adj dishonest g'irromlik n dishonesty, cheating g'irromlik qil- cheat
195 VA'DA n promise, word, pledge NY+ga VX+ishga ~ ber- promise Y to X, make a promise to Y, guarantee X promise to X CX deb ~ ber- keep one's promise va'da+si ustidan chiq- keep one's promise va'da+si ustida tur- break one's promise va'dani buz- promise (each other) to X va'dalash- v.int | VX+ishga ~ SO'Z n words, speech, statement word, promise NX+ga ~ ber- give one's word to X, promise X so'z+i ustidan chiq- keep one's word so'z+ida tur- keep one's word LAFZ n words, language; promise VAFO n promise NX+ga vafo qil- be true to X(=promise), keep one's word vafosiz adj breaking one's word, unfaithful, disloyal bevafo adj breaking one's word, unfaithful, disloyal bevafolik n unfaithfulness, disloyalty vafodor adj a man of his word QASAM n oath NX uchun ~ ich- take an oath to X, swear to X VX+ay deb ~ ich- take an oath to X, swear to X qasam+idan qayt- go back on one's word qasam+ini buz- go back on one's word NX+ga ~ ber- swear X in ONT n oath N(gani)X uchun ~ ich- take an oath to X NX+ga ~ ber- swear X in NX+ga ~ ichir- swear X in ISHON- v.int | N(ish)X+ga~ believe in X v.int | NX+ga ~ trust X ishonmaslik n distrust, mistrust, suspicion NX+ga ~ bilan qara- mistrust X ishonch n | NX+ga ~ (positive) belief, confidence in X ishonchli adj trustworthy, reliable ishonchsiz adj not trustworthy, unreliable ishonmovchilik n distrust, mistrust, suspicion SHUBHA n doubt, suspicion NX+ga ~ bilan qara- be doubtful, be suspicious about X shubhala- v.t doubt, suspect shubhalan- v.int | NX+dan ~ be doubtful, be suspicious about X shubhalantir- v.t | NX NY+ni ~ (Y) have doubts about X GUMON n suspicion, doubt (about people) NY+dan NX+ning ~+i bor (X) be suspicious of Y NX+dan gumon qil- suspect X, doubt X gumondor adj | NX+dan ~ suspicious, dubious about X gumonsira- v.int | NX+dan ~ be suspicious, be doubtful about X
ODAMSHAVANDA n sociable NAZOKAT n refinement, tenderness nazokatlik adj refined, tender nazokatsiz adj unrefined
196 ADAB n politeness, manners, upbringing / ODOB NX+ning ~+i ber- teach X a lesson adabli adj polite, courteous, well-mannered / odobli adablilik n decency, propriety boadab adj well-bred, polite adabsiz adj impolite, discourteous, ill-mannered adabsizlik n impoliteness, discourtesy beadab adj ill-mannered, impolite, obscene beadablik n impoliteness, obscenity xushmuomala adj polite, courteous, solicitous xushmuomalalik n politeness, courtesy, solicitude xushmuomalalikdan out of politeness MARHAMAT n consideration, favour, grace please NX+ga marhamat qil- be considerate to X QARG'A- v.t swear at, curse TAHQIR n insult, mockery tahqir qil- humiliate, insult tahqirla- v.t humiliate, insult HAQORAT n insult haqorat qil- insult, offend haqoratli adj insulting, offending haqoratla- v.t insult, offend SO'K- v.t abuse, use bad language, scold so'kish n abuse, insult so'kil- v.int be abused, get scolded so'kin- v.int swear og'z+i buzuq abusive; foul-mouthed
197 Feelings
SEV- v.t love o'z-o'zini sev- love each other NX+ni ~+ib qol- fall in love with X sevil- v.int be loved sevin- v.int | NX+dan ~ rejoice at X, be glad, delighted with X sevish- v.int love each other sevgi n love sevikli adj beloved, cherished, darling sevimli adj beloved, cherished MUHABBAT n | NX+ga ~ love, affection for X NX+ga ~+i tush- fall in love with X muhabbatli adj full of tenderness, affection ISHQ n love ishqiy adj love ISHQIBOZ n fan, admirer JON adj dear, beloved JONAJON adj very dear, dearest JAJJI adj cute, small and sweet (of a child) MEHR n love NX+da ~ bor love X MEHRIBON adj affectionate, kind mehribonlik n affection, kindness yaxshi ko'radigan yigit boyfriend yaxshi ko'radigan qiz girlfriend OSHIQ n person in love, lover NX+ga ~ bo'l- be, fall in love with X oshiq-ma'shuq (pair of) lovers XUSHTOR adj | NX+ga ~ in love with X NX+ga ~ bo'l- fall in love with X xushtorlik n passion SHAYDO adj | shaydo (bo'l-) (be) madly in love JAZMAN n lover; mistress DILBAR n sweetheart, darling (of a woman) DILDOR n sweetheart, darling (of a woman) YOR n loved one, friend o'ynash n lover; mistress xotinparast n womanizer
SILA- v.t stroke, caress, pat erkala- v.t pet, caress, stroke; pamper O'P- v.t kiss o'pich n kiss BO'SA n kiss bo'sa ol- kiss QUCHOQ n embrace quchoqla- v.t embrace quchoqlash- v.int embrace (each other)
198 DO'ST n friend do'st bo'l- make friends do'stlik n friendship do'stlash- v.int make friends do'stona ad friendly o'rtoqlarcha adv friendly, in a friendly way NX+ni o'z+iga ulfat qil- be friendly with X BIRODAR n friend, brother birodarlik n friendship, fraternity birodarlash- v.int fraternize birodarlarcha adv fraternally INOQ adj | NX bilan ~ close, intimate with X inoqlik n closeness, intimacy inoqlash- v.int become friends RAFIQ n (male) friend rafiqa n wife (female) friend QADR n worth, value qadrli adj dear, esteemed; held in esteem qadrdon adj dear, esteemed and beloved, close AZIZ n, adj dear, respected, esteemed (one) YOQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ be pleasing to X, appeal to X yoqimli adj pleasant, pleasing yoqimlilik n pleasantness, charm yoqimsiz adj unpleasant, unpleasing yoqimtoy adj pleasant (person) yoqimtoylik n pleasantness, charm ISHVA n interest in one's appearance ishvali adj appearance-conscious NX+ning ko'ngl+ini ol- (try and) win X's sympathy XAYRIXOH adj | NX uchun ~ sympathetic to X, well-wishing for X xayrixohlik n sympathy xayrixohlik qil- show sympathy bir-birini tushun- understand one another AHIL adj harmonious, close ahillik n harmony, closeness SOG'IN- v.t miss, long for sog'inch n longing, nostalgia sog'inchli adj longing, nostalgic
NAFRAT n hatred, loathing, disgust NX+ga ~ bilan qara- hate X, loathe X, despise X nafratli adj hatred nafratlan- v.int | NX+dan ~ hate X, loathe X, despise X XUSUMAT n hatred, hostility, enmity NX+ga xusumat qil- show hatred, hostility, enmity to X xusumatli adj full of hatred, hostile ADOVAT n hostility, enmity NX ust+ida adovat qil- be hostile to X, nurse hatred adovatli adj hostile adovatsiz adj without hatred
199 G'ARAZ n grudge, resentment (evil) design, (ill) intent g'arazli ad resentful intentional(ly), deliberate(ly) beg'araz adj disinterested, impartial GINA n resentment NX+dan gina qil- be offended with X KEK n grudge, ill-will QASD n (evil) design; grudge ko'rolmaslik n jealousy, envy, hatred KUNCHI adj jealous kunchilik n jealousy RASHK n jealousy NX+ni rashk qil- be jealous of X rashkli adj jealous rashkchi n jealous people HASAD n envy, jealousy NX+ga hasad qil- envy X, be envious, be jealous of X hasadli adj envious, jealous hasadchi n envious, jealous people NX+ni ko'ra olma- envy X SUQ n envious, greedy suqlan- v.int | suqlanib qara- look enviously at NAFS n desire, greed, lust nafs+i buzuq dissatisfied, discontented nafs+i yomon greedy, grabbing NAFSONIYAT n self-esteem, vanity
TILA- v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ wish X (for Y) tilak n wish QUTLA- v.t congratulate greet, express good wishes for v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ congratulate X on the occasion of Y QUTLUG' adj propitious AFSUS int what a pity! afsus(ki), CX what a pity that X afsus qil- regret afsuslan- v.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ regret for/that X afsuslanish regret ATTANG int what a pity!, what a shame!, darn it! attang qil- regret O'KIN- v.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ regret for X, be sorry about X o'kinch n regret, vexation o'kinchli adj regrettable, unfortunate vijdon azobi remorse PUSHAYMON n regret, repentance N(gan)X+i uchun pushaymon qil- regret (that) X TAVBA n remorse, regret tavba qil- repent, regret qayg'ur- v.int | N(gani)X uchun ~ show solicitude for X, look after X G'AM NX+ning ust+ida ~ ye- worry about X g'amxo'r adj showing solicitude, caring g'amxo'rlik n solicitude, care g'amxo'rlik qil- show solicitude for, care for
200 NX+ga ko'z-quloq bo'l- keep an eye on X(=person) HIMMAT n solicitude, consideration, kindness himmatli adj solicitous, attentive, watchful, kind himmatsiz adj without solicitude ILTIFOT n favour, grace, consideration NX+ga iltifot qil- show X consideration, do X a kindness iltifotli adj considerate, kind iltifotsiz adj unkind, without consideration behafsala adj indifferent, negligent tashlandi adj abandoned, neglected suyan- v.int | NX+ga ~ lean on/against X (l/f) suyanch n support (of action) suyanchiq n support (person) tayan- v.int | NX+ga ~ lean on/against X tayanch n support (of action) tayanchiq n support (person) NX+ning ko'ngl+ini ko'tar- cheer X up DALDA n comfort, support NX+ga ~ bo'l- be a comfort to X, relieve X NX+ga ~ ber- comfort X, support X OVUN- v.int be consoled, quieten ovuntir- v.t comfort, quieten, soothe, console ovunch n consolation YUPAN- v.int calm down yupanch n consolation, comfort YUPAT- v.t comfort, calm, soothe hamdard adj | NX+ga ~ sympathetic towards X hamdardlik n | NX+ga ~ sympathy towards X ACHIN- n sympathize achinarli adj pitiful, piteous
RAHM n pity, mercy NX+ga rahm qil- show mercy to X, have pity on X rahmsiz adj merciless, cruel, ruthless rahmsizlik n cruelty, ruthlessness berahm adj merciless, cruel, ruthless RAHMDIL adj merciful, kindhearted rahmdillik n benevolence MARHAMAT n consideration, favour, grace marhamatli adj merciful, kindhearted marhamatsiz adj merciless, cruel, ruthless SHAFQAT n mercy, compassion, kindness NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- show mercy, compassion to X NX+ga shafqat qil- show mercy, compassion to X shafqatli adj merciful, compassionate, kind shafqatsiz adj merciless, cruel, ruthless shafqatsizlik n cruelty, ruthlessness rahm-shafqat mercy, pity, compassion AYA- v.t spare, pity NX+ga mehr qil- show mercy to X qattiq qo'l unfeeling, cold-blooded, cruel qattiq qo'llik coldness, cruelty sovuqlik n coldness, chilliness
201 MINNATDOR adj | NX+dan ~ grateful, obliged, indebted to X minnatdorlik n thanks minnatdorchilik n gratitude, gratefulness NX uchun ~ bildir- express one's gratitude for X SHUKUR n thanks NX+ga shukur qil- thank X noshukur adj ungrateful TASHAKKUR n thanks, gratitude NX uchun ~ ayt- thank, be grateful for X NX uchun ~ bildir- thank, be grateful for X RAHMAT n thank NX uchun ~ ayt- thank for X NX uchun ~ bildir- thank for X (sizga) (katta) rahmat! thank you (very much)
202 Self-Image
KIBR n haughtiness, arrogance, airs kibrli adj haughty, arrogant kibrlan- v.int put on airs KEKKAY- v.int put on airs kekkaygan stuck up GERDAY- v.int put on airs TAKABBUR adj arrogant, conceited, proud takabburlik n arrogance, conceit, pride takabburlan- v.int be/get arrogant, conceited takabburona adv arrogantly, conceitedly DIMOG' n mood, humour adj arrogant, proud dimog'dor adj arrogant, proud G'URUR n pride, arrogance g'ururli adj proud, arrogant MAG'RUR adj proud, arrogant mag'rurlik n pride, arrogance mag'rurlan- v.int be/get arrogant mag'rurona adv proudly, arrogantly FAXR n pride VX+gani uchun faxr qil- be proud of X faxriy adj honorary faxrlan- v.int | VX+gani bilan ~ be proud of X IFTIXOR n pride NX bilan iftixor et- be proud of X iftixorli adj proud MANMAN adj self-important, boastful manmanlik n self-important, boasting, self-praise maqtan- v.int pride o.s., boast, brag maqtanchoq n braggart, boaster maqtanchoqlik n boastfulness katta gapir- boast og'z+i katta boastful burn+i ko'taril- be conceited BIL- v.t | NX bil- regard oneself as a X shaxsiyat n personality, inner-self self-esteem NAFSONIYAT n self-esteem, vanity shuhratparast adj avid of glory, ambitious shuhratparastlik n ambition (for glory) SODDA adj simple, plain, naive soddalik n simplicity, plainness, naivety SODDADIL adj simple, ingenuous, naive KAMTAR adj modest, unassuming kamtarlik n modesty kamtarona adv modestly, unassumingly MO'MIN adj modest, unassuming
203 TORTIN- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ be shy of X, be hesitant for X v.int | NX+dan ~ be ill at ease with X tortinchoq adj shy, bashful tortinchoqlik n timidity, shyness UYAT n shame, sense of shame uyatga qol- be ashamed, humiliated uyatli adj shameful (behaviour, feeling) uyatsiz adj shameless, impudent uyatchang adj bashful, shy uyatchanglik n timidity, shyness, sense of modesty UYAL- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ be / feel shy of X uyaltir- adj embarrass, make feel uncomfortable UYATIR- v.t make ashamed SHARM n bashfulness, modesty HAYO n bashfulness, shyness, sense of modesty N(ish)X+dan hayo qil- be bashful about X, be / feel shy of X hayoli adj bashful, shy hayosiz adj shameless, impudent sharm-hayo bashfulness, modesty SIPO adj reserved, discreet, shy kamgap n reserved, taciturne MALOL n embarrassment, inconvenience NX+ga ~ kel- be inconvenient, difficult for X bemalol adj easily, freely, without trouble IZZA n shame, embarrassment, confusion izza bo'l- feel ashamed, be ill-at-ease izza tort- feel ashamed, be ill-at-ease izza qil- embarrass, abash OR n sense of shame, shame or+i yo'q (have) no shame or+i kel- feel ashamed orsiz adj shameless, impudent NOMUS n honour sense of modesty, shame N(ish)X+ga nomus qil- be shy of X, bashful Xing nomusli adj with honour nomussiz adj without honour benomus adj without honour dishonest or-nomus sense of shame and honour izzati nafs self-respect o'z+ini tuta bil- be reserved, sober, unassuming IFFAT n chastity, virginity iffatli adj chaste, virgin ISNOD n disgrace, shame NX+ga ~ keltir- bring disgrace, shame to X SHARMANDA n, adj disgrace(ful), shame(ful) NX+ning ~+sini chiqar- bring disgrace, shame to X sharmanda bo'l- bring shame upon o.s. sharmandalarcha adv disgracefully OZOR n offence, insult NX+ga ~ ber- ill-use X, offend X ozor ye- be offended ozor top- be offended beozor adj inoffensive, harmless
204 XAFA adj | NX+dan ~ offended by X NX+dan ~ bo'l- be(come) offended by X xafa qil- offend xafalik n offence (taken) xafagarchilik n offence (taken) / xafachilik haqoratla- v.t insult, offend haqoratlan- v.int take offence o'pkala- v.int | NX+dan ~ take offence at X NX+ni aybga ol- take offence at X SURBET adj impudent, insolent, impertinent surbetlik n impudence, insolence, impertinence surbetlarcha adv impudently, insolently, impertinently yuzsiz adj insolent, impudent yuzsizlik n insolence, impudence
205 Authority
E'TIBOR n authority NX+ning ~+i bor have authority e'tibor top- obtain authority e'tiborli adj with authority e'tiborsiz adj without authority OBRO' n authority, influence; reputation, prestige / OBRO'Y obro'li adj influential; reputable, prestigious obro'siz adj without authority, prestige obro'sizlan- v.int get discredited obro'sizlantir- v.t discredit qaram adj dependent NX+ga ~ bo'l- get dependent on X qaram qil- make dependent, bring to subjection qaramlik n dependence MUSTAQIL ad independent mustaqillik n independence bosh ko'tar- lift / keep one's head up BUYUR- v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ order Y to X, command Y to X buyruq n order, command buyruq ber- give an order buyruq ol- receive an order buyruq qil- give an order buyruqboz n authoritarian buyruqbozlik n authoritarianism FARMON n order, command, decree FARMOYISH n order, decree, measures AMR n order, instruct, request SO'RA- v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ ask X from Y, inquire after X from Y ask for X from Y, request X from Y so'roqsiz ad without permission DE- v.t | NY+ga CX ~ say X to Y, tell Y X, ask Y to X (X in direct speech, esp. imperative) DA'VO n claim, claiming da'vo qil- claim, demand da'volash- v.int claim, demand TALAB n | NX+dan ~ demand on X, request to X N(ish)X+ni NY+dan talab qil- demand X from Y, require X from Y talabchan adj demanding, strict talabchanlik n strictness talabnoma n request, petition ILTIMOS n | NX+dan ~ request to X N(ish)X+ini NY+dan iltimos qil- beg Y to X, ask X from Y n iltimosnoma petition, request O'TIN- v.t | N(ish)X+ini NY+dan ~ implore Y to X, beg Y to X o'tinch n request, plea ZOR n complaint, plea zorlan- v.int beg, implore, beseech YALIN- v.int | N(ish)Y uchun NX+ga ~ beg X to Y, plead X with Y YOLVOR- v.int | NX+ga ~ beg X, plead X
206 NX+ga murojaat qil-/et- address oneself to X, make a request to X, call upon X ko'rsatma n instruction(s) yo'l-yo'riq directions, instructions yo'l-yo'riq ko'rsat- show directions, give instructions qarat- v.t | NX+ga ~ direct to X qaratil- v.int | NX+ga ~ be directed to X NX+ga rioya qil- observe, respect X, comply with X(=rules) rioyali adj disciplined rioyasiz adj undisciplined rioyagarchilik n leniency INTIZOM n discipline intizomli adj disciplined intizomsiz adj undisciplined intizomsizlik n indiscipline TARTIB n discipline tartibli adj well-disciplined tartibsiz adj ill-disciplined, undisciplined bebosh adj ill-disciplined, undisciplined uncontrolled BO'YSUN- v.int | NX+ga ~ obey X, submit to X, be obedient to X bo'ysundir- v.t submit ITOAT n obedience, submission NX+ga itoat et-/qil- obey X, submit to X itoatsiz adj disobedient itoatsizlik n disobedience itoatsizlik qil- disobey itoatkor n obedient person NX+ga quloq os- listen to X, obey X, take heed of X NX+ga quloq sol- listen to X, obey X, take heed of X NX+ga bo'yin eg- obey X bosh eg- submit to X NX+ga yon ber- give in to X NX+ning gap+iga kir- listen to X, obey X agree with X TAKLIF n suggestion, proposal, offer invitation NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga taklif qil-/et- invite X to Y, offer X to (do) Y RUXSAT n | N(ish)X+ga ~ permission for/to X, leave n | N(ish)X uchun ~ permission for/to X, leave NX+ga ~ ber- give permission to X, permit, grant leave N(ish)X+ga ~ ol- get, receive permission for/to X N(ish)X uchun ~ ol- get, receive permission for/to X N(ish)X+ga ~ so'ra- ask permission for X NX+ga ruxsat qil- give permission to X, permit, grant leave ruxsat bor have permission ruxsat yo'q not have permission ruxsatingiz bilan with your permission ruxsatsiz adj without permission IJOZAT n | N(ish)X uchun ~ permission for/to X N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- give permission for/to X ijozat ol- get, receive permission for/to X ijozat bor have permission ijozat yo'q not have permission ijozat so'ra- ask permission NY+ning VX+ishi uchun yo'l qo'y- allow Y to X
207 JAVOB N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- give permission for X TAQIQ adj | VX+ishga ~ forbidden to X, taboo taqiq qil- ban, forbid VX+ish taqiq qilin- X be forbidden taqiqla- v.t | VX+ishni ~ forbid X taqiqlab qo'y- forbid, ban taqiqlan- v.int be forbidden, be banned N(ish)X+ni man et-/qil- forbid X man etil-/qilin- be forbidden HAROM adj forbidden (by religion) harom et-/qil- forbid (by religion) harom etil-/qilin- be forbidden (by religion) KO'R- VX+a ko'rma- do not X (imperative)
MA'QUL adj agreeable, reasonable, suitable agreed!, very fine! NX+ga ~ bo'l- agree with X ma'qullik n approval ma'qulla- v.t agree with, approve of MAYLI int all right!, OK! CX+sa, ~ it does not matter if X QOL- v.int remain, stay v.int | VX+a ~ OK with X, let X QABUL n reception acceptance qabul bo'l- be received, accepted qabul qil-/et- receive, accept ROZI adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) agree to X rozi bo'lmaslik refusal rozilik n consent, permission, blessing, leave N(ish)X+ga ~ ber- give leave/permission to X NX+dan ~ ol- receive blessing from X rozichilik n mutual agreement TASDIQ n approval, ratification tasdiq qil- approve, ratify, sanction tasdiqla- v.t approve, ratify, sanction tasdiqlan- v.int be approved, ratified UNA- v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ agree to X unamaslik n refusal unash- v.int come to an agreement unat- v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ persuade to X AHD n agreement, treaty, pledge N(ish)X+ga ahd qil- agree to X, pledge to X, decide to X RAD n rejection rad javobi refusal N(ish)X+ni rad qil-/et- reject X, turn down X N(ish)X+dan bosh tort- refuse X CX deb tarang qil- refuse X from capriciousness bo'yn+iga ol- admit, acknowledge IQROR n | NX+ga ~ bo'l- admit, acknowledge X v.int | tan ol- admit, acknowledge e'tirof et-/qil- acknowledge, admit, recognize
208 KECH- v.int | NX+dan ~ forgive X kechir- v.t forgive kechirish forgiveness, pardon kechirasiz! excuse me! kechiring! excuse me! kechirim n pardon kechirim so'ra- beg one's pardon, apologize AVF n apology avf so'ra- apologize NX uchun avf et- forgive, excuse UZR n apology N(gani)X uchun NY+dan ~ so'ra- apologize to Y for X uzr ayt- apologize
209 Appraisal
MAQTA- v.t praise, commend, compliment maqtab yubor- highly praise, glorify, commend maqtan- v.int pride o.s., boast, brag maqtov n praise, commend taqdir et-/qil- appraise, evaluate taqdirla- v.t appraise, praise, commend MADH n praise, apology OLQISH n applause, acclamation olqishlar applause, acclamations olqishla- v.t applaud, acclaim QARSAK n applause, clapping qarsak chal- applaud, clap qarsak ur- applaud, clap CHAPAK n clapping, applause chapak chal- clap, applaud TABRIK n congratulation, compliment, greetings tabrikla- v.t | N(gani)X bilan ~ congratulate on X, compliment on X tabriklan- v.int be congratulated, complimented tabriklash- v.int congratulate, compliment one another QUTLA- v.t greet, express good wishes for v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ congratulate X on the occasion of Y XUSHOMAD n compliment, flattery NX+ga xushomad qil- pay a compliment to X, flatter X XUSHOMADGO'Y adj flattering ko'klarga ko'tar- praise to the skies yashang! well-done! MUKOFOT n reward, award NX+ga NY ~ ber- give X a reward of Y mukofot ol- receive a reward mukofotla- v.t reward, recompense mukofotlan- v.int be rewarded MUNOSIB adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) deserving X munosiblik n merit LOYIQ adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) suitable for X, fit X; deserving X SAZOVOR adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) worthy of X, deserving X qo'lla- v.t support, back, stand up for YOQLA- v.t defend, argue in favour of, protect HOMIY n protector, defender, intercessor homiylik n protection, defense, intercession homiylik qil- protect, defend, intercede, take under one's wing oqla- v.t absolve, clear o'z+ini oqla- justify o.s., clear o.s. oqlan- v.int be proved innocent
TANBEH n warning, remonstrance NX+ga ~ ber- warn X, remonstrate NX+ning ~+ini ye- be warned by X tanbehla- v.t warn, remonstrate NASIHAT n advice, lecture, sermon nasihat qil- advise, sermonize
210 TA'NA n reproach NY+ning N(ish)X+ini ta'na qil- reproach Y for X , reprove for X ta'na eshit- suffer reproach ta'nali adj reproachful TANQID n criticism tanqid qil-/et- criticize tanqidiy adj critical tanqidla- v.t criticize tanqidchi n critic aybla- v.t accuse, put the blame on, find fault with ayblan- v.int get blamed SHIKOYAT n complaint NX+dan shikoyat qil- complain of X(=misfortune) NX+ning haq+ida shikoyat qil- complain about X(=person) ARZ n complaint, plea, request arz qil-/et- complain DOD n complaint, wailing dodla- v.int complain, wail NX+ni yuz+iga sol- blame X qorala- v.t accuse qoralan- v.int be accused NX+dan gap ye- be told off by X CHAQIM n denouncement, informing; slander chaqimchi n informer, telltale; slanderer
MAZAX n mockery, fun NX+ni mazax qil- poke fun at X, make fun of X NX+ni mazax qilib kul- have a laugh at X's expense mazaxla- v.t poke fun at, make fun of mazaxchi n mocker MASXARA n mockery, scoffing, sneer masxara bo'l- be mocked, be scoffed at NX+ni masxara qil- mock X, scoff at X, sneer at X masxarali adj mocking, scoffing, sneering masxarala- v.t mock, scoff at, sneer at masxaralan- v.int be mocked, be scoffed at masxaraboz n entertainer, clown masxarabozlik n foolery, jesting MAYNA mayna bo'l- be ridiculed, be scoffed at NX+ni mayna qil- ridicule X, scoff at X KALAKA n mockery, scoffing kalaka bo'l- be mocked, be scoffed at kalaka qil- mock, scoff KUL- v.int laugh v.int | NX+ning ust+idan ~ have a laugh at X's expense kulgiga qol- be laughed at, make a fool of o.s. kulgili adj making one laugh, ridiculous kulgili bo'l- get ridiculous KINOYA n irony kinoya qil- be ironic kinoyali adj ironic kesat- v.int be ironic, gibe with sarcastic language ISTEHZO n irony istehzoli adj ironic SHAMA n irony, hint
211 KAMSIT- v.t humiliate, belittle XO'R adj humiliated xo'r bo'l- be humiliated xo'r qil- humiliate
HURMAT n | NX+ga respect for X, honour NX+ga ~ bilan qara- respect X, have respect for X, honour X hurmat qil- respect X, have respect for X, honour X hurmatli adj respected, respectable, honourable hurmatsiz adj disrespectful hurmatla- v.t respect, have respect for, honour IZZAT n respect, esteem izzat qil- respect, have respect for, hold in esteem izzatli adj respected, held in esteem izzatla- v.t respect, have respect for, hold in esteem EHTIROM n respect, honour MUHTARAM adj dear, respected, honoured TA'ZIM n respect, regard NX+ga ~ ber- show respect to X, bow to X NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- show respect to X, bow to X NX+ga ta'zim qil- show respect to X, bow to X SIYLA- v.t respect, pay homage to QADR n honour, value qadr qil- honour, esteem, regard qadrli adj dear, esteemed; held in esteem qadr-qimmat honour and dignity SHA'N n self-respect, dignity, honour QOYIL NX+ga ~ bo'l- admire X NX+ga ~ qol- admire X NX+ni qoyil qil- do X admirably, wonderfully SHON n glory, honour shonli adj glorious, honourable shon-shuhrat fame and glory SHARAF n honour NX+ning ~+i uchun in X's honour NX+ning ~+iga in X's honour sharafli adj honourable, honorific shon-sharaf honour and glory ARBOB n | NX/AX ~+i noteworthy, famous people in X(=realm) SIYMO n figure, personality OVOZA n fame, (good) reputation MASHHUR adj famous, well-known mashhur qil- glorify mashhurlik n fame, glory SHUHRAT n fame, glory shuhratli adj famous, glorious shuhratparast adj avid of glory, ambitious DONG n fame, prestige dongdor adj famous, prestigious DOVRUQ n fame, glory ulug'la- v.t glorify, venerate
212 Community Family tug'ishgan n relative, relation URUG' n seed clan, family urug'dosh n of the same clan urug'doshlik n clanic system AYMOQ n relative, kin, clan urug'-aymoq relatives, kith and kin NASL n blood lineage, tribe young generation, descendants nasldosh n of the same lineage nasldor n of high birth xonadon n family dynasty SULOLA n dynasty SHAJARA n genealogy QARINDOSH n sibling, relative qarindoshlar the relatives qarindoshlik n sibling relation qarindosh-urug' relatives, relations, kith and kin JIGAR n nearest and dearest OILA n family, household oila a'zolari members of the family oilali adj having a family oilaviy adj family oilaviy ahvol marital status oilaviy holat marital status oilasiz adj having no family UY n home, family uy bekasi housewife RO'ZG'OR n household uy-ro'zg'or household uy-ro'zg'or ishlari housework, household duties uy-ro'zg'orli household uylarni yig'ishtir- do the housework, the household xonaki adj hand-made, home-made domestic (animal) AYOLMAND adj (of the) family FAMILIYA n surname, last name
AJDOD n forefathers, ancestors ota-bobolar older generations, forefathers BOBO n grandfather BUVA n grandfather BIBI n grandmother BUVI n grandmother, granny
213 bobo va buvi grand parents OTA n father otalik n fatherhood, paternity DADA n daddy, papa ADA n daddy ONA n mother onalik n motherhood, maternity OYI n mummy AYA n mummy ota-ona father and mother, parents ENAGA n wet nurse AMAKI n uncle (father's brother) TOG'A n uncle (mother's brother) AMMA n aunt (father's sister) XOLA n aunt (mother's sister)
AKA n (elder) brother UKA n (younger) brother aka-uka brothers OPA n (elder) sister SINGIL n (younger) sister (singl+i) opa-singil sisters aka-singil brother and sister EGIZAK n twin(s) amakivachcha n cousin (child of father's brother) tog'avachcha n cousin (child of mother's brother) ammavachcha n cousin (child of father's sister) xolavachcha n cousin (child of mother's sister)
AVLOD n later generations, descendants NASL n young generation, descendants BOLA n child bola-chaqa children large and small bolali adj having children bolasiz adj childless FARZAND n child farzandlik n state of being a child farzandlikka ol- adopt (as one's children) farzandli adj having children farzandsiz adj childless O'G'IL n boy (o'g'l+i) son o'g'illik n state of being a son o'g'illi adj | numX ~ having X sons
214 QIZ n girl, maiden daughter qizlik n state of being a daughter qizli adj | numX ~ having X daughters KATTA adj big, large grand; eldest, elder kattakon adj huge, immense elder KICHIK adj small, little younger katta-kichik young and old KENJA n, adj youngest (child), last born JIYAN n nephew qiz jiyan niece NEVARA n grandchild NABIRA n grandchild o'g'il nabira grandson qiz nabira granddaughter EVARA n great-grandchild CHEVARA n great-great-grandchild ABIRA n great-grandchild
SOVCHI n matchmaker sovchilik n matchmaking uylan- v.int | NX+ga ~ get married to X (for a man) uylantir- v.t marry (one's son) xotin ol- take a wife xotin qo'y- divorce (for a man) TURMUSH n marital life (for women) turmush qur- get married (for a man or a woman) turmushga ber- marry (one's daughter) NX+ga turmushga chiq- get married to X (for a woman) erga qil- get married (for a woman) erga teg- get married (for a woman) UZAT- v.t marry (one's daughter) NIKOH n marriage nikoh to'yi wedding nikohli adj married nikohsiz adj unmarried, single CHIMILDIQ n nuptial curtain QALIN n dowry (paid by the bridegroom's family) SEP n dowry KELIN n bride daughter-in-law (son's husband) kelin dugona bride's witness kelinlik n life as a daughter-in-law KUYOV n bridegroom son-in-law (daughter's husband) brother-in-law (younger sister's husband) kuyov jo'ra bridegroom's witness
215 ajral- v.int | NX bilan ~ separate from X, divorce X ajralish separation, divorce, parting ajralgan divorced ajralmas inseparable ajrash- v.int | NX bilan ~ separate from X, divorce X TALOQ n repudiation NX+ni ~ qo'y- repudiate X, divorce X NX+ga ~ ber- repudiate X, divorce X NX+ni taloq qil- repudiate X, divorce X erdan ajral- get divorced (of women) erdan chiq- get divorced (of women) BO'YDOQ adj single, unmarried (of men) bo'ydoqlik n state of being single, the life of a single man turmush qurmagan single, unmarried (esp. of women) turmushga chiqmagan single, unmarried (of women) TUL adj widow(ed) tul erkak widower tul xotin widow tullik n widowhood, widowerhood BEVA n widow, widower beva kishi widower beva xotin widow bevalik n widowhood, widowerhood beva-bechora widows and orphans YETIM n orphan(ed) yetimlik n state of being an orphan YESIR n widow yetim-yesir widows and orphans ER n, adj man, male husband, man erli adj married (of a woman) ersiz adj unmarried (of a woman) XO'JAYIN n husband XOTIN n woman wife xotinli adj married (of a man) xotinsiz adj unmarried (of a man) er-xotin man and wife, married couple er-xotinlik coupledom RAFIQA n wife KUNDOSH n husband's second or former wife QAYIN adj -in-law QAYNATA n father-in-law QAYNANA n mother-in-law QAYNAG'A n brother-in-law (wife's or husband's elder brother) QAYNI n brother-in-law (wife's or husband's younger brother) / QAYNINI QAYN'EGACHI n sister-in-law (wife's or husband's elder sister) QAYNSINGIL n sister-in-law (wife's or husband's younger sister) OVSIN n sister-in-law (wives of brothers in relation to each other) POCHCHA n brother-in-law (elder sister's husband or husband's elder brother)
216 BOJA n brother-in-law (wife's sister's husband) YANGA n sister-in-law (elder brother's wife) KELINOYI n sister-in-law (elder brother's wife) QUDA n father/mother of son/daughter-in-law quda taraf relations by marriage QUDAG'AY n mother of son/daughter-in-law O'GAY adj step- o'gay bola stepchild o'gay o'g'il stepson o'gay ona stepmother o'gay ota stepfather o'gay qiz stepdaughter
217 Social Life
HAYOT n life (lived), livelihood life (existence) hayotsiz adj lifeless, dull TURMUSH n life (lived), livelihood tirikchilik n livelihood KUN n day time, days, life kun kechir- live, get along
TANI- v.t know, be acquainted with tanish n acquaintance tanishlar acquaintances adj | NX+ga ~ familiar with X notanish adj unknown, unfamiliar tanish- v.int | NX bilan ~ get acquainted with X NX bilan ~+ib ol- get acquainted with X tanishtir- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ introduce X to Y tanishuv n (process of) getting acquainted tanish-bilish acquaintance BEGONA adj unknown begona kishi stranger, unknown person begona odam stranger, unknown person begonalik n strangeness begonalash- v.int | NX+dan ~ become estranged from, grow away from X O'ZGA adj strange, stranger ALOQA n | NX bilan ~ contact, communication with X NX bilan ~ bog'la- link to X, connect with X NX bilan ~ ornat- set up relations with X NX bilan ~ uz- break off, lose contact with X NX bilan aloqa qil- be/keep in touch with X MUNOSABAT n | NX bilan ~ relations, connections with X NX bilan ~ uz- break off relations with X bordi-keldi contact, relationship JUDO adj | NX+dan ~ bo'l- be separated from X NX+ni NY+dan judo qil- separate X from Y SENSIRA- v.t use (familiar) 'sen' when speaking to SHERIK n partner friend, comrade, companion sherikchilik n partnership good-companionship OSHNA n friend, acquaintance oshnalik n relationship, acquaintance OG'AYNI n friend, pal oshna-og'ayni friends and relations JO'RA n friend, pal O'RTOQ n companion, comrade, colleague, friend o'rtoqlarcha ad friendly, in a friendly way
218 ULFAT n companion, friend NX+ni o'z+iga ulfat qil- be friendly with X ulfatchilik n company, friendly relations ulfatchilik qil- keep company, have contact with RAFIQ n (male) friend travelling companion, colleague rafiqa n wife (female) friend DO'ST n friend do'st bo'l- make friends do'stlik n friendship do'stlash- v.int make friends do'stona ad friendly DUGONA n (female) friend SIRDOSH n close friend, special friend topish- v.int | NX bilan ~ get acquainted, make friends with X NX+dan yuz+ini o'gir- turn one's face away from X YAQIN yaqinlar near ones, close relatives QO'SHNI n neighbour qo'shnichilik n neighbourhood YOLG'IZ ad alone, solitary, single yop-yolg'iz quite alone yolg'izlik n loneliness, solitude O'Z pro self, own o'z+i alone bir o'z+i alone yolg'iz o'z+i alone TANHO ad alone, solitary tanholik n loneliness, solitude YAKKA adj alone, individual yakka-yakka alone, by oneself yakkama-yakka in private yakkalik n isolation, solitude yakkala- v.t isolate
UCHRA- v.int | NX+ga ~ meet X, run into X, hit upon X experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness) uchrash- v.int | (NX bilan) ~ meet one another (with X) uchrashuv n appointment, rendez-vous, meeting NX+ga ~ belgila- make an appointment with X uchrat- v.t meet, run into, hit upon DUCH n encounter, meeting NX+ga ~ kel- meet X, run into X YO'LIQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ meet X, see X, run into X experience X(=bad situation, illness) YUZ n face yuzma-yuz face to face yuzlash- v.int | NX bilan ~ meet with X betma-bet face to face KO'R- v.t see, meet NX+ni borib ~ visit X (social) NX+ni kelib ~ visit X (social) NX+ni ~+ishga bor- pay X a visit, call X on, visit X NX+ni ~+ishga kel- pay X a visit, call X on, visit X ko'rish- v.int | (NX bilan) ~ see, meet one another (with X)
219 MULOQOT n appointment, rendez-vous, meeting ZIYORAT n pilgrimage visit ziyorat qil- visit YO'QLA- v.t call on, (pay a) visit (to) remember, ask for (a person) yo'qlama n call, register yo'qlama qil- call the register (of X) SALOM n greetings, salutation NX+ga ~ ber- greet X, salute X NX+ga ~ bildir- extend greetings to X salom! hello! salomlash- v.int exchange greetings so'rash- v.int | NX bilan ~ greet X, salute X TA'ZIM n respect, regard NX+ga ~ ber- show respect to X, bow to X NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- show respect to X, bow to X NX+ga ta'zim qil- show respect to X, bow to X XAYR int goodbye! NX bilan xayr qil- take leave of X xayrlash- v.int part, take leave one another v.int | NX bilan ~ part from X, take leave from X ALVIDO n farewell VIDOLASH- v.int | (NX bilan) ~ take leave one another, pay homage to X FIROQ n separation nostalgia
TAKLIF n suggestion, proposal, offer invitation NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga taklif qil-/et- invite X to Y, offer X to (do) Y N(ish)X+ga taklif qilin-/etil- n be invited to X taklifnoma invitation card DA'VAT n invitation da'vat qil-/et- invite MEZBON n host MEHMON n guest mehmon bo'l- be invited mehmonda bo'l- be on a visite mehmonga bor- pay a visite mehmonga kel- pay a visite NX+ni ~+ga chiqar- invite X as a guest mehmon qil- entertain a guest MEHMONDO'ST adj hospitable, welcoming mehmondo'stlik n hospitality keluvchi n guest, visitor xush kelibsiz! welcome! NX+ni qarshi ol- greet, welcome QUTLA- v.t congratulate greet, express good wishes for QABUL n reception acceptance qabul bo'l- be received, accepted qabul qil-/et- receive, accept qabul soatlari reception hours
220 KUT- v.t wait for look after, receive, entertain (guests) kutib ol- receive, entertain (guests) go and meet, pick up (sb somewhere) kutil- v.int be entertained, be received UZAT- v.t accompany, send off, see off KUZAT- v.t see off, accompany, send off HAMROH NX+ga ~ bo'l- accompany X yo'lla- v.t direct, show the way, send off yo'llanma n guidebook, directions, instructions permit, pass, authorization o'tkaz- v.t hold (meeting, ceremony) o'tkazil- v.int be held (meeting, ceremony) QATNASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ take part, participate in X, attend X ISHTIROK n attendance NX+ga ishtirok et-/qil- attend X BOR- NX+ga borib tur- (regularly) attend X MAJLIS n meeting, conference, assembly parliament, assembly majlis chaqir- convene a meeting majlis och- open a meeting majlis yop- close a meeting YIG'- v.t collect, gather yig'il- v.int gather, meet, assemble yig'ilish n gathering, meeting yig'in n meeting, gathering o'tirish n party, social gathering, meeting o'tirish qil- have a party tug'ilgan kun(+i) birthday yillik n anniversary muchal to'yi birthday (every 12 years on Nowruz) ZIYOFAT n banquet, social entertainment NX+ga ~ ber- entertain X, give hospitality to X NX+ni ziyofat qil- entertain X, give hospitality to X BAZM n party, banquet bazm qil- enjoy oneself at a party, banquet TO'Y n celebration, feast (wedding, circumcision...) beshik to'yi cradle feast nikoh to'yi wedding o'g'il to'yi circumcision feast qiz to'yi wedding sunnat to'yi circumcision feast to'y qil- hold a feast xatna to'yi circumcision feast to'yona n wedding present (or for other feasts) TO'YBOSHI n master of ceremonies to'y-tomosha feasting and merry-making sharbatnoma n account book for noting gifts received CHILLA n a period of 40 days (esp. after birth, wedding) MAROSIM n ceremony, rite
221 ko'rik n review, inspection ko'rikdan o't- be reviewed ko'rikdan o'tkaz- review TANTANA n celebration, festivity, triumph solemnity tantana qil- celebrate, cheer tantanali adj ceremonious, solemn nishonla- v.t commemorate, celebrate nishonlan- v.int be commemorated, celebrated TABRIK n congratulation, compliment, greetings tabrikla- v.t | N(gani)X bilan ~ congratulate on X, compliment on X HAYIT n feast, festival hayit qil- celebrate a festival BAYRAM n holiday, festival bayram kuni holidays bayram qil- celebrate a festival diniy bayram religious holiday SAYIL n (traditional) festival NAVRO'Z n Nowruz, the day of new year, March 21st qurbon bayram feast of the Sacrifice qurbon hayit feast of the Sacrifice ro'za hayit end of the Ramadan hosil bayrami the harvest festival PARAD n parade
JANOZA n prayer for the dead DAFN n burial dafn et-/qil- bury KO'M- v.t bury (corpse) ko'mish burial ko'mil- v.int be buried (corpse) MOTAM n mourning NX uchun ~ tut- mourn X motamli adj mourning motamdor n mourner AZA n mourning aza tut- be in mourning azador n mourner TA'ZIYA n condolence, sympathy NX+ga ~ bildir- gave one's condolence to X
222 Society jamiyat n society association, society, union JAMOA n community, group JAMOAT n, adj (the) public, (the) people, common jamoatchilik n community social participation hamjamiyatlik n community IJTIMOIY adj social ijtimoiy ahvol social condition SOTSIAL n social AHOLI n population, inhabitants numX aholisi population of X (inhabitants) QABILA n tribe qabilaviy adj tribal QAVM n tribe, clan NASL n blood lineage, tribe young generation, descendants TOIFA n tribe, race
EL n country, land people, population ELAT n race, tribe YURT n native place, homeland people, population yurtlik n inhabitant yurtdosh n fellow villager, townsman, provincial el-yurt peoples, populations XALQ n people, masses, nation xalqchil adj folk, popular xalqaro adj international UMUMXALQ adj national (of property) MILLAT n nation mayda millat minority (ethnic) group millatchi n nationalist millatdosh adj compatriot millatparvar n person taking care of the nation MILLIY adj national, ethnic milliylik n national characteristics VATAN n fatherland, homeland vatandosh n compatriot vatanparvar n patriot vatanparvarlik n patriotism MAMLAKAT n country, nation mamlakatlararo ad international(ly) GRAJDAN n citizen grajdanlik n citizenship FUQARO n people, inhabitant national, citizen common people, ordinary people fuqarolik n nationality
223 CHET adj foreign chet el foreign country chet el(lar)da abroad chet elli foreign chet ellik foreigner AJNABIY adj foreign n foreigner XORIJ n abroad, foreign countries xorijiy adj foreign (e.g books) TASHQI adj foreign HIJRAT n emigration hijrat qil- emigrate MUHOJIR n migrant, exilee, refugee SURGUN n exile, deportation surgun qil- exile, deport
SINF n class (social, school, transport) sinfiy adj class (social) sinfsiz adj classless XO'JA n descendant of the first four caliphs lord, master xo'jalik n economy XO'JAYIN n master, owner boss SAYID n descendant of Muhammad OLIJANOB n sir, nobleman, majesty NX olijanoblari His Majesty the X BEK n nobleman, prince beka n noblewoman OQSUYAK n nobleman, aristocrat JANOB n gentleman Sir, Mister Excellency X janoblari His Excellency X XONIM n lady, woman Madam BURJUA n bourgeois burjuaziya n bourgeoisie BURJUY adj bourgeois PROLETAR n proletarian proletariat n proletariat QUL n slave qullik n slavery qullarcha ad slavish(ly) quldor n slave owner CHO'RI n female slave ko'chmanchi n, adj nomad; nomadic ko'chmanchilik n nomadism DEHQON n farmer, peasant, farm-worker shahar kishisi city dweller shaharlik n city dweller
224 UMUM n everybody, the public umumiy adj general, common, public, universal umumiylik n universality umumlashtir- v.t generalize, collectivize OLOMON n crowd(s), the masses GAVJUM adj crowded, full of people XALOYIQ n the public, everybody OMMA n the masses, people ommaviy adj mass, people's, common ommalashtir- v.t popularize ommabop adj popular, common ommaboplik n popularity KISHI kishilar people ODAM odamlar people ko'pchilik n majority everybody, many people ozchilik n minority KENG adj broad, wide, vast, spacious extensive, wide-spread XOS adj personel, private hammaga xos public XUSUSIY adj personal, private shaxsiy adj individual, private shaxsiyat n personality, inner-self DAYDI adj stray, wandering SAYOQ adj, n vagrant, tramp DOIRA n circle, sphere, limits qarindoshchilik n nepotism qarindosh-urug'chilik family network (and its use) tanish-bilishchilik acquaintance's network (and its use) GAP n regular gathering held by a group of friends JO'RABOSHI n leader in a gap bibi seshanba women's gathering TO'P n, meas group, flock, heap to'plash- v.int gather, group GURUH n group TO'DA n | NX+lar ~+si group of Xs, gang of Xs GRUPPA n, meas group tuzum n system, structure KOMANDA n team, crew BRIGADA n team, brigade tashkil qil-/et- organize, found, establish form, make up tashkilot n organization tashkilotchi n organizer tashkiliy adj organized tashkillan- v.int organize O'RNAT- v.t establish, found
225 TA'SIS n establishment, foundation ta'sis et-/qil- establish, found UYUSH- v.int unite, ally uyushtir- v.t unite, ally organize, form uyushma n union, federation, association BIR num one birlik n unity birlash- v.int unite birlashtir- v.t unite, combine birlashma n alliance, union BIRDAM adj unanimous, standing together birdamlik n unanimity, solidarity BIRIK- v.int unite biriktir- v.t unite ITTIFOQ n union, alliance ittifoqsizlik n disunity ittifoqlash- v.int unite, become allied ittifoqdosh n ally hamjihat adj (being) together, joint, united hamjihatlik n solidarity, union tanlov n competition, selection tanlov ko'rigi competition, (competitive) examination NOMZOD n candidate nomzodlik n application KANDIDAT n candidate qo'shil- v.int | NX+ga ~ be added to X, be included to X join X, participate to X KIR- v.int | NX+ga ~ enter X(=organization) A'ZO n member partiya a'zosi Party member a'zolik n membership KLUB n club
MARKAZ n centre (location and organization) markaziy adj central markazlashtir- v.t centralize, concentrate OLIY adj high, highest, supreme MAS'UL n person in charge mas'ulli adj in charge, responsible mas'uliyat n | N(ish)X ~+i responsibility of X mas'ulsiz adj not in charge, not responsible KATTA n senior, chief, head BOSH n, adj head, chief, top, main boshliq n chief, leader boshchilik n direction, leadership boshchilik qil- chair, lead RAHBAR n leader rahbarlik n leadership rahbarlik qil- lead, rule DOHIY n leader dohiylik n leadership YO'LBOSHCHI n leader yo'lboshchilik n leadership
226 SARKARDA n leader, commander-in-chief RAIS n president; chairman, director, leader raislik n presidency; leadership HUKM hukm sur- reign over hukmdor n in power, ruling HOKIM n local ruler, judge ruler NX+ning ust+idan ~ bo'l- rule over X, dominate X hokimlik n ruling, dominant position hokimlik qil- rule over, dominate hokimiyat n power, rule, domination, regime HUKMRON adj in power, ruling oq soqol white-beard, chief, leader (traditional) TOBE n subject, subordinate (tobe+i) NX+ga ~ bo'l- become subject to X NX+ni NY+ga tobe qil- (Y) make X subject, submit X, conquer X tobelik n subordination, dependence SEKRETAR n secretary sekretariat n secretariat SAYLA- v.t elect, vote for, choose saylan- v.int | NX+ga ~ be elected to X(=office) saylov n election saylov qutisi ballot box saylovchi n voter, elector OVOZ n vote, voice bir ovozdan unanimously NX+ga ovoz ber- vote for X KO'TAR- v.t elect, promote QASAM NX+ga ~ ber- swear X in ONT NX+ga ~ ber- swear X in NX+ga ~ ichir- swear X in AYB aybga qol- fall into disgrace KAMPANIYA n campaign
ODAT n habit custom, usage odatda habitually, customarily, usually ODDIY adj ordinary, usual, regular URF n custom(s) urf-odat custom(s) RASM n custom, tradition, habit AN'ANA n tradition an'anaviy adj traditional TRADITSION adj traditional TRADITSIYA n tradition FOLKLOR n folklore
QOIDA n rule, regulation qoidalashtir- v.t regularize NIZOM n regulations, statute
227 QONUN n law qonuniy adj legal, lawful qonuniylik n legality, lawfulness qonunsiz adj lawless illegal qonunsizlik n lawlessness illegality qonunlash- v.int be legalized qonunlashtir- v.t legalize RASMIY adj official rasmiyat n procedures, formalities rasmiyatchi n formalist rasmiyatchilik n formalism rasmiylash- v.int get officialized rasmiylashtir- v.t officialize MUNTAZAM adj regular, official ZAGS bo'limi registry office QOG'OZ n paper qog'ozlar documents, papers qog'ozboz n burocrat qog'ozbozlik n burocracy, red tape HUJJAT n document, paper (attesting) document hujjatlar documents, papers (attesting) documents hujjatli adj with document attached documentary DOKUMENT n document guvohnoma n attestation, certificate haydovchi guvohnomasi driving licence PRAVO n driving licence PASPORT n passport VIZA n visa BLANK n form / BLANKA VARAQA n form RO'YXAT n list, register NX+ni ro'yxatga ol- register X ro'yxatdan o't- register, check in ro'yxatdan o'tkaz- get registered REGISTRATSIYA n registration BITIM n contract, agreement, treaty bitim tuz- sign a contract, make an agreement shartnoma n (written) contract, treaty, pact shartnoma tuz- sign a treaty, a pact AHD n agreement, treaty, pledge ahd tuz- make an agreement, sign a treaty ahdlash- v.int come to an agreement ahdnoma n treaty, pact TASDIQ n approval, ratification tasdiq qil- approve, ratify, sanction tasdiqla- v.t approve, ratify, sanction tasdiqlan- v.int be approved, ratified QO'L n, adj signature NX+ga qo'l qo'y- sign X
228 IMZO n signature NX+ga ~ chek- sign X imzosiz adj anonymous imzola- v.t sign imzolan- v.int be signed ATTESTAT n certificate, testimonial SHAHODAT n evidence, testimony, reference shahodat ber- give a testimonial, reference shahodat qil- give a testimonial, reference shahodatnoma n certificate, testimonial KAFIL n witness, guarantor kafillik n guarantee NX+ga ~ ber- five X a guarantee KAFOLAT n guarantee GARANTIYA n guarantee NX+ga ~ ber- five X a guarantee garantiyalan- v.int be guaranteed ruxsat qog'ozi permit ruxsatnoma n permit yo'llanma n permit, pass, authorization IMTIYOZ n (special) privilege imtiyozli adj having privilege imtiyozsiz adj without special privilege
NAMUNA n, adj model, example NISHON n distinction, decoration nishonla- v.t commemorate, celebrate SOVRIN n prize TAMG'A n brand, stamp, trade-mark; coat-of-arms NX+ga ~ bos- stamp, seal, place a seal on X tamg'ali adj branded, stamped tamg'ala- v.t brand, stamp MUHR n seal, stamp NX+ga ~ bos- stamp, seal, place a seal on X muhrla- v.t stamp, seal BAYROQ n flag, standard bayroqdor n standard-bearer (l/f) GIMN n hymn, anthem
229 State and Politics
DAVLAT n state, government; state, national davlatlararo adj between states JUMHURIYAT n republic RESPUBLIKA n republic PODSHOH n padishah, king / PODSHO podshohlik n kingdom; reign; royal / podsholik podsho(h)lik qil- reign, rule SHOH n shah SHAHZODA n (crown) prince SULTON n sultan SALTANAT n reign, rule; empire XON n khan xonlik n khanat xonli adj khan, monarchical AMIR n emir amirlik n emirate QIROL n king qirollik n kingdom qirolicha n queen (reigning queen or king's wife) MALIKA n princess IMPERIYA n empire IMPERATOR n emperor RAIS n president; chairman, director, leader raislik n presidency; leadership raisxona n presidential residence PREZIDENT n president prezidentlik n presidency VAZIR n minister bosh vazir prime minister vazirlik n ministry MINISTR n minister ministrlik n ministry davlat arbobi statesman shahar boshlig'i mayor
HUDUD n frontier (of a territory) hududiy adj territorial O'LKA n territory, region, district, country, land VILOYAT n province, region OBLAST n province, region RAYON n district, region, area TUMAN n district, region POYTAXT n capital (city) MUSTAMLAKA n colony mustamlakachilik n colonialism
230
KONSTITUTSIYA n constitution HUKUMAT n government hukumat boshlig'i prime minister KABINET n cabinet O'RDA n horde (turk, mongol) palace, court MAJLIS n meeting, conference, assembly parliament, assembly Oliy Majlis the National Parliament PARLAMENT n parliament parlamentar n member of Parliament ASSAMBLEYA n assembly QURULTOY n congress KONGRESS n congress SESSIYA n session SHO'RO n council KENGASH n council, conference KONFERENSIYA n conference ANJUMAN n conference, association, society FORUM n forum KOMITET n committee HAY'AT n presidium, board KOMISSIYA n commission VAKIL n representative, delegate, deputy vakil bo'l- represent vakillik n delegation VAKOLAT n plenary powers, mandate DELEGATSIYA n delegation DEPUTAT n deputy, representative O'RIN n place to sit, seat, place to sleep (o'rn+i) hokimiyat n power, rule, domination, regime shahar hokimiyati municipality DEVON n council, chancellery devonxona n house of council amaldor n official, civil servant CHINOVNIK n senior official, apparatchik MA'MUR n official, administrator ma'murlik n administrative position ma'muriy adj administrative ma'muriyat n administration (public services) MANSAB n official position, post, rank mansabparast n careerist mansabdor n official UNVON n title, rank DIPLOMAT n diplomat diplomatik adj diplomatic diplomatiya n diplomacy
231 ELCHI n ambassador elchixona n embassy KONSUL n consul konsulxona n consulate
MAFKURA n ideology mafkuraviy adj ideological IDEOLOGIK adj ideological IDEOLOGIYA n ideology SIYOSAT n policy, politics siyosatchi n statesman siyosatboz n politician SIYOSIY adj political PARTIYA n party partiyaviy adj party, inner-party partiyasiz adj outside the party, independent oqim n current, trend (l/f) millatchi n nationalist millatchilik n nationalism milliylashtir- v.t nationalize milliy ma'naviyat national spirituality irqchi n racist JAHONGIR n conqueror; imperialist jahongirlik n imperialism IMPERIALIST n imperialist imperialistik adj imperialist IMPERIALIZM n imperialism podshohparast n monarchist / podshoparast respublikachi n republican DEMOKRAT n democrat demokratlash- v.int democratize demokratik adj democratic demokratiya n democracy DIKTATOR n dictator DIKTATURA n dictatorship LIBERAL n liberal liberalizm n liberalism kapitalist n capitalist kapitalistik adj capitalist kapitalizm n capitalism sotsialist n socialist sotsialistik adj socialist sotsializm n socialism KOMMUNIST n communist kommunistik adj communist KOMMUNIZM n communism SOVET n Soviet ANARXIST n anarchist ANARXIYA n anarchy ANARXIZM n anarchism
232 SO'L adj left-wing so'llik n leftism / so'lchilik O'NG adj right-wing o'nglik n rightism / o'ngchilik SAF n rank, front safdosh n companion-in-arms O'RTOQ n | ~ NX comrade X insonparvar n humanist insonparvarlik n humanism ISLOH n reform isloh qil- reform islohot n reform islohotchi n reformist islohotchilik n reformism REFORMA n reform reformator n reformer REFORMIST n reformist REFORMIZM n reformism JADID n jadid, reform jadidchilik n jadidism INQILOB n revolution, uprising inqilob qil- revolt, carry the revolution inqilobiy adj revolutionary inqilobiylashtir- v.int revolutionize inqilobchi n revolutionary REVOLUTSION adj revolutionary revolutsionlashtir- v.t revolutionize revolutsioner n revolutionary REVOLUTSIYA n revolution to'ntarilish n revolution, overthrow davlat to'ntarilishi coup d'etat, putsch NAMOYISH n demonstration, march namoyish qil- demonstrate, march namoyishchi n demonstrator, protester TASHVIQOT n agitation, propaganda NX+ni tashviqot qil- campaigning for X tashviqotchi n agitator, propagandist TARG'IBOT n propaganda targ'ibotchi n propagandist PROPAGANDA n propaganda propaganda qil- spread propaganda PROPAGANDIST n propagandist VARAQA n leaflet SHIOR n slogan SENZOR n censor SENZURA n censorship
233 Conflict and Justice Conflict
TO'QNASH- v.int conflict, clash to'qnashuv n conflict, clash ADOVAT n hostility, enmity NX ust+ida adovat qil- be hostile to X, nurse hatred adovatli adj hostile adovatsiz adj without hatred XUSUMAT n hatred, hostility, enmity NX+ga xusumat qil- show hatred, hostility, enmity to X xusumatli adj full of hatred, hostile DUSHMAN n | NX+ga ~ enemy (of X) dushmanlik n enmity dushmanlash- v.int be enemies YOV n enemy, foe RAQIB n rival, competitor; opponent raqiblik n rivalry, competition; opposition RAQOBAT n competition raqobat qil- compete raqobatchi n competitor BELLASH- v.int | NX bilan ~ rival, compete with X IG'VO n provocation, intrigue NX+ning ustida ~ yurit- intrigue, plot against X ig'vo qil- provoke ig'vo qiluvchi provocateur ig'vogar n provocateur ig'vogarlik n provocation, intrigue ig'vogarona ad provocative(ly) FITNA n plot, conspiracy, intrigue fitnachi n intriguer, instigator FASOD n scheme, evil plot, intrigue NX+ga til tegiz- swear at X, abuse X yomonla- v.t find fault with, denigrate gap qaytar- answer back, reply defiantly tortish- v.int discuss, debate, contend v.int | bir-birlari bilan tortish- have a tug-of-war, pull each other JERK- v.int yell at, bark at VOVILLA- v.int yell at, bark at ARAZ n quarrel, breach arazla- v.int take offence, have a sulk arazlash- v.int quarrel, fall out (each other) IXTILOF n divergence, discord ixtilof sol- sow discord, strife ixtilof chiqar- sow discord, strife JANJAL n uproar, brawl, quarrel janjal qil- brawl, quarrel janjallash- v.int brawl, quarrel janjalkash adj quarrelsome TO'PALON n noise, row, brawl
234 G'AVG'O n noise, row, scene g'avg'o qil- be noisy, make a row, make a scene g'avg'oli adj noisy, scandalous g'avg'osiz adj quiet, peaceful G'ALVA n quarrel, row, scene g'alva qil- quarrel, make a row, make a scene TALASH n quarrel, argument, controversy, dispute TALASH- v.int quarrel, argue aytish- v.int | NX bilan ~ quarrel with X, wrangle be at odds with X DO'Q n threat NX+ga ~ ur- threaten X NX+ga do'q qil- threaten X do'qla- v.t threaten PO'PISA n threat po'pisa qil- threaten do'q-po'pisalar all kinds of threats TAHDID n threat tahdid qil- threaten DAHSHAT n fear, terror, horror NX+ga dahshat qil- threaten X dahshatli adj terrifying, threatening TERROR n terror terror qil- terrorize terrorchi n terrorist terrorchilik n terrorism JABR n oppression, suffering NX+ga jabr et-/qil- oppress X, torture X jabrla- v.t oppress ZULM n oppression, yoke NX+ga ~ ber- oppress X zulm ko'r- be oppressed NX+ga zulm qil- oppress X jabr-zulm oppression EZ- v.t crush, squeeze oppress, repress ezil- v.int be oppressed, repressed QARSHI adj opposing, against post | NX+ga ~ against X, contrary to X qarshi tur- resist qarshilik n opposition, resistance NX+ga ~ ko'rsat- protest, resist against X NX+ga qarshilik qil- protest, resist against X MUXOLIF n opponent, rival muxolifat n opposition muxolifatchi n opponent ZID adj | NX+ga ~ opposed to X zidlik n contradiction, opposition, conflict zidlash- v.int | NX bilan ~ oppose X TESKARI adj | NX+ga ~ opposed to X, against X E'TIROZ n protest, objection NX qarshi ~ bildir- object, protest against X NX qarshi e'tiroz qil- object, protest against X e'tirozsiz adj without objection
235 G'ALAYON n unrest, agitation, anger g'alayonga kel- grow angry g'alayonga tush- grow angry g'alayon ko'tar- revolt bosh ko'tar- revolt QO'ZG'OLON n revolt, rebellion, uprising qo'zg'olon ko'tar- revolt, rebel, rise up qo'zg'olon qil- revolt, rebel, rise up qo'zg'olonchi n rebel ISYON n rebellion, revolt isyon ko'tar- rebel, rise in rebellion, revolt isyon qil- rebel, rise in rebellion, revolt isyonchi n rebel
KURASH n struggle, fight, fighting, battle kurashchi n fighter KURASH- v.int wrestle, fight v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ struggle, fight, strive for X kurashchan adj combat-worth kurashchanlik n fighting spirit yoqalash- v.int fight (each other) UR- v.t beat, strike hit, knock urish- v.int fight bir-birisi bilan ~ fight each other urishish- v.int fight each other ur-sur fight DO'PPOSLA- v.t beat unmercifully ZARB n blow, strike / ZARBA NX+ga ~ ber- strike a blow at X zarba ye- be struck (a blow) MUSHT n fist / MUSHTUM NX+ga ~ sol- struck X with one's fist musht ko'rsat- shake one's fist mushtla- v.t punch mushtlash- v.int exchange blows HUJUM n attack, assault hujum et-/qil- attack, assault hujumkor n attacker TAJOVUZ n aggression, encroachment, attack tajovuz qil- aggress, encroach on, attack tajovuzkor n aggressor, attacker bosqinchi n aggressor, bandit bosqinchilik n aggression, crime AGRESSIV adj aggressive quvla- v.t chase, pursue quvlan- v.int be chased, pursued TA'QIB n pursuit, persecution ta'qib qil-/et- pursue, persecute YOR- yorib o't- break through
236 QOCH- v.int | NX+dan ~ flee X, run away from X NX+dan ~+ib ket- escape X, evade X qochoq n fugitive, deserter refugee, displaced person qochqoq n fugitive, deserter qochqin n fugitive, runaway refugee qo'lga tush- get caught QAMAL n siege MUDOFAA n defence NX+dan mudofaa qil- defend against X mudofaachi n defender HIMOYA n protection, defence, support NX+dan himoya qil- protect from X, defend, support against X himoyasiz adj defenceless, helpless himoyachi n defender QO'RI- v.t guard, protect, defend qo'riq adj defence, protection, safeguard qo'riqchi n guard qo'riqla- v.t guard, defend
G'OLIB n, adj winner g'olibona ad victorious(ly) G'ALABA n victory, success NX ust+idan ~ qozon- be victorious over X g'alaba qil- win, be victorious g'alabali adj victorious MAG'LUB mag'lub (bo'l-) (be) defeated, conquered mag'lub qil- defeat, conquer mag'lubiyat n defeat mag'lubiyatga uchra- be defeated ZAFAR n victory zafarli adj victorious YENG- v.t win, be victorious (against) defeat yengil- v.int be defeated, conquered yengilmas adj invincible yengilmaslik n invincibility USTUN ustun bo'l- be victorious, be the victor ustun chiq- be victorious, be the victor tor-mor qil-/et- defeat, crush ZABT n conquest zabt et-/qil- conquer, overcome ISTILO n conquest istilo qil- conquer istilochi n conqueror JAHONGIR n conqueror; imperialist BOS- bosib ol- grab, seize, capture, conquer TASLIM NX+ga ~ bo'l- surrender to X, capitulate taslimchi n advocate of surrender O'CH n revenge NX+dan ~ ol- take revenge on X o'ch oluvchi avenger QASOS n revenge, vengeance NX+dan ~ ol- revenge o.s. on X qasoschi n avenger
237 QURBON n sacrifice, offerings victime, martyr qurbon bo'l- sacrifice oneself, be sacrificed qurbon qil- sacrifice urish- v.int fight urishtir- v.t cause to fight, set at odds urishqoq adj warlike, bellicose urishqoqlik n bellicosity, warmongering URUSH n war, warfare fuqaro urushi civil war jahon urushi world war JANG n battle jang maydoni battlefield, front jang qil- fight, do battle jangchi n soldier, warrior janggoh n battlefield, front JANGOVAR adj fighting warlike, fearless, fierce jangovarlik n fighting spirit HARB n war, battle harbiy adj military n regular soldier harbiylashtir- v.int militarize harbiycha adj army, military ASKAR n soldier askarlik n military service askariy adj army, military SOLDAT n soldier OFITSER n officer GENERAL n general SARKARDA n leader, commander-in-chief QOROVUL n guard, sentry, watchman qorovullik n guard (duty, activity) qorovulxona n guardroom SOQCHI n guard, watchman soqchilik n guard (duty, activity) qo'riqchi n guard navbatchi n (person) on duty guard, watchman navbatchilik n duty POSBON n guardian, sentinel protector RAZVEDKA n reconnaissance intelligence; intelligence service JOSUS n spy SHPION n spy ARMIYA n army, forces QO'SHIN n army, troops, forces OTRAD n detachment, troops LASHKAR n army, forces lashkargoh n military camp headquarters LASHKARBOSHI n commander
238 QUROL n arms, weapons, armaments, guns equipment qurolli adj armed qurolsiz adj unarmed, disarmed qurolsizlantir- v.t disarm qurollan- v.int arm o.s. qurollantir- v.t arm YAROG' n arms, weapons KALTAK n stick kaltak ye- get a beating kaltakla- v.t beat (with a stick) TAYOQ n stick tayoqla- v.t beat (with a stick) QAMCHI n whip qamchi bos- whip qamchila- v.t whip NAYZA n spear, lance QILICH n sword, sabre qilichboz n fencer SHAMSHIR n sabre XANJAR n dagger OT- v.t fire (weapon), shoot otish- v.int fire (each other) otishma n firing, skirmish o't och- fire on/at, shell MO'LJAL n aim NX+ni ~+ga ol- take aim at X KAMON n bow O'Q n arrow bullet, shell o'qqa tut- shoot, fire, bombard NX+ga ~ teg- X be struck, be hit o'qla- v.t load (weapon) o'qchi n bowman, rifleman, gunner MILTIQ n gun, rifle TO'PPONCHA n revolver, pistol PULEMYOT n machine-gun AVTOMAT n machine-gun MERGAN n gunman, rifleman, sniper hunter, huntsman TO'P n cannon to'pchi n gunner ZAMBARAK n cannon PUSHKA n cannon RAKETA n rocket missile ARTILLERIYA n artillery portlovchi moddalar explosive SNARYAD n shell
239 BOMBA n bomb BOMBARDMON n bombardment bombardmon qil- bombard MINA n mine DORI n (gun)powder o'q-dori ammunitions QALQON n shield DUBULG'A n (traditional) helmet KASKA n helmet TANK n tank
MUZOKARA n discussion, debate, negotiation muzokara olib bor- conduct negociations muzokara olib boruvchi negociator bir-biriga yon ber- come together, draw closer together o'zaro kelish- come together, draw closer together MUROSA n reconciliation, compromise murosa qil- reconcile, make concessions murosasiz adj uncompromising murosachi n mediator tinch ad quiet(ly), peaceful(ly), calm(ly) tinchlik n quietness, calmness peace TINCHLIKSEVAR adj pacific totuv adj friendly, peaceful totuvlik n friendship, peace tinch-totuv peaceful(ly) BOS- v.t calm down, quiet down bosil- v.int calm down, quiet down SULH n peace, armistice, reconciliation sulh tuz- make peace sulh qil- make peace
240 Justice
ADOLAT n justice, righteousness adolatli adj just, righteous adolatsiz adj unjust adolatsizlik n injustice adolatparvar n righteous man HAQ n right(s) N(ish)X+ga ~+i bor have a right to X ish haq+i pay, wages haqlik n right (on one's side) haqli adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ having a right to X nohaq adj unjust against the law nohaqli adj without the right HUQUQ n rights law inson huquqlari human rights huquqiy adj legal; juridical huquqsiz adj having no right huquqshunos n lawyer, jurist huquqshunoslik n law (as a discipline) HAQQONIY adj just, appropriate haqqoniylik n justice, appropriateness haqqoniyat n justice, legitimacy, appropriateness GUNOH n sin, crime gunohsiz adj innocent begunoh adj innocent begunohlik n innocence gunohkor n sinner, guilty person criminal; the accused AYB n guilt, fault disgrace aybsiz adj innocent aybla- v.t accuse, put the blame on, find fault with ayblan- v.int get blamed ayblanuvchi n the accused, defendant aybdor adj guilty the accused, defendant himoyachi n defender lawyer javobgar adj | NX+ga ~ responsible of X guilty SHIKOYAT n complaint NX+ning haq+ida shikoyat qil- complain about X(=person) shikoyatchi n litigant ARZ n complaint, plea, request arz qil-/et- complain ARIZA n appeal, application, petition NX+ga ~ ber- appeal to X NX+ning ust+ida ariza qil- complain about X DOD n complaint, wailing dodla- v.int complain, wail
241 JINOIY adj criminal JINOYAT n crime jinoyat qil- commit a crime jinoyatchi n criminal jinoyatkorona ad criminal(ly) PORA n bribe pora ber- bribe pora ol- take bribes poraxo'r n corrupt person poraxo'rlik n bribery, corruption KORRUPSIYA n corruption SOXTA adj false, forged soxtalashtir- v.t forge, falsify soxtagar n forger aldamchi n cheat, swindler, deceiver aldamchilik n trickery, swindle, trap SUIISTE'MOL n misuse, use wrongly, abuse NX+dan suiiste'mol qil- misuse X, use X wrongly O'G'RI n thief, burglar o'g'rilat- v.t | NX+ini ~ be robbed of X o'g'rincha adv stealthily, secretly, covertly O'G'IRLA- v.t steal, rob O'G'IRLIK n stealing, robbery, theft o'g'irlik qil- steal, rob KISSAVUR n pickpocket QAROQCHI n robber, bandit qaroqchilik n robbery, banditry BOS- NX+ga ~ burst in X, break into X TALA- v.t plunder, burgle TALON n plunder, robbery talon qil- plunder, burgle talonchi n plunderer, robber BEZORI n hooligan bezorilik n hooliganism FOHISHA n prostitute fohishalik n prostitution fohishaxona n brothel buzuq xotin immoral woman, prostitute zo'rla- v.t rape zo'rlash- v.int get raped nomus+iga teg- rape o'ldir- v.t kill, murder o'ldirish murder QOTIL n murderer, killer qotillik n murder qotillik qil- murder SUIQASD n attempt on sb's life NX+ga suiqasd qil- attempt on X's life suiqasdchi n murderer odamxo'r n cannibal, murderer odamxo'rlik n cannibalism qirg'in n slaughter
242 JAZO n punishment NX+ga NY uchun ~ ber- punish X for Y NX+ga NY uchun ~ beril- (X) be punished for Y o'lim jazosi death penalty jazola- v.t punish, penalize jazolan- v.int get punished, penalized NX+ga chora ko'r- punish X NX+ga chora ko'ril- (X) be punished NX+ga hukm qil- sentence to X KES- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ sentence X to Y SHTRAF n fine, penalty shtraf sol- fine shtraf qil- fine JARIMA n fine, penalty jarima to'la- pay a fine AMNISTIYA n amnesty
QONUN n law qonunlar code qonunlar to'plami code qonuniy adj legal, lawful qonuniylik n legality, lawfulness qonuniyat n law (regular pattern) qonunsiz adj lawless illegal qonunsizlik n lawlessness illegality noqonuniy adj illegal qonunlash- v.int be legalized qonunlashtir- v.t legalize SHAR'IY adj lawful (according to the Shariat) SHARIAT n Shariat (religious law of Islam) YURIST n jurist YURIDIK adj juridical ADLIYA n (administration of) justice SUD n court trial sud qil- try, judge sudya n judge sudla- v.t try, judge HUKM n judgement, sentence, verdict NX ust+idan ~ chiqar- sentence X NX+ga hukm qil- sentence to X hukmnoma n judgement HAKAM n judge, referee MAHKAMA n law court QOZI n qazi (muslim judge) qozixona n court MUFTI n mufti (arbiter in islamic law) HOKIM n local ruler, judge MILITSIYA n police, militia militsiya bo'limi police station militsiya idorasi police station militsiya uchastkasi police station militsiyaxona n police station
243 POLITSIYA n police politsiyachi n policeman Milliy Xavfsizlik Xizmati (SNB) National Security Service tergovchi n detective, examining judge GUVOH n witness guvoh bo'lib chiq- testify guvohlik n testimony guvohlik ber- testify, give evidence guvohlik qil- testify, give evidence guvohnoma n attestation, certificate SHOHID n witness, eyewitness shohidlik n testimony shohidlik qil- testify, give evidence DALOLAT n testimony, evidence dalolat ber- testify, give evidence ADVOKAT n lawyer, attorney oqlovchi n lawyer PROKUROR n prosecutor qoralovchi n prosecutor HIBS n arrest hibsga ol- arrest QAMA- v.t arrest qamal- v.int be arrested qamoq n arrest, detention qamoqqa ol- be arrested, be put in jail qamoqda yot- be in jail, be imprisoned qamoqda o'tir- be in jail, be imprisoned qamoqxona n prison, jail TURMA n prison turmachi n jailer ZINDON n dungeon MAHBUS n prisoner, convict mahbuslik n detention ASIR n prisoner, captive, prisoner-of-war asirga ol- capture, arrest asirlik n captivity TUTQUN n captive, prisoner tutqun bo'l- get captive tutqun qil- capture, take (sb) prisoner tutqun qilib ol- capture, take (sb) prisoner tutqunlik n captivity KISHAN n handcuffs; fetters, chains, bonds kishan sol- handcuff; fetter
244 Work and Possession Possession and Exchange
BOR adj existent, present adj | NY+ning NX+i ~ (Y) have X (possession) adj | NY+da NX ~ (Y) have X (with it) adj | NY+ga NX ~ there is X for Y borliq n possession(s) YO'Q adj non-existent, absent NY+ning NX+i ~ (Y) have not X (possession) NY+da NX ~ (Y) have not X (with it) EGA n | NX+ning ~+si owner, recipient (of X) n | NX+ga ~ own X, possess X, have X NX+ga ~ bo'l- get, acquire X egalik n ownership, possession egalik qil- own, possess egalla- v.t occupy, take over egallab ol- take over qarashli adj | NX+ga ~ belonging to X qarashlilik n belongings TEG- v.int | NY+ga NX ~ (Y) receive X, (Y) get X tegish n share, portion tegishli adj | NX+ga ~ appropriate to X, relevant to X belonging to X tegishlilik n belongings ULUSH n share, part, allotment YON NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga near X, beside X on X, with X MOL n property, possessions, belongings commodity, goods, articles, produce MULK n property xusisiy mulk private property mulkiy adj (of) property mulkchilik n system of ownership mulkdor n owner (of an enterprise, estate) mol-mulk property yer-mulk property xususiylashtir- v.t privatize xususiylashtirish n privatization XAZINA n treasure xazinachi n treasurer XO'JAYIN n master, owner boss husband
BOY adj | NX+ga ~ rich (in X), wealthy (l/f) n wealthy person, squire o'ta boylar the very rich boylik n wealth, riches, resources tabiiy boyliklar natural resources boyi- v.int grow rich DUNYO n wealth dunyoparast n greedy, grasping person
245 DAVLAT n wealth, riches, good fortune davlatli adj wealthy, rich badavlat adj wealthy, rich, prosperous davlatmand adj wealthy, rich puldor adj rich MO'L adj abundant, plentiful, rich mo'l bo'l- be abundant mo'llik n abundance, profusion / mo'lchilik SEROB adj abundant, plentiful serob bo'l- be abundant serobgarchilik n abundance, profusion TO'Q adj full, replete prosperous to'qlik n satiety prosperity FAROVON adj prosperous, abundant farovonlik n prosperity, well-being farovonlash- v.int get prosperous, develop SAODAT n happiness, well-being saodatli adj happy, prosperous baxt-saodat happiness, well-being baxt-saodatli happy, prosperous BARAKA n abundance, prosperity NX+ga ~ ber- bless X NX+ga baraka qil- bless X barakali adj prosperous, flourishing barakasiz adj declining gulla- v.int blossom, flourish (l/f) OBOD adj prosperous, flourishing / OBODON DABDABA n pomp, splendour, magnificence dabdabali adj splendid, magnificent HASHAMAT n magnificence, splendour, lavishness hashamatli adj magnificent, splendid, sumptuous, lavish o'rta yashaydiganlar the middle class yaxshi yashaydiganlar the well-to-do KAMBAG'AL n poor person adj | NX+ga ~ poor in X, needy, short of X (l/f) kambag'allik n poverty, neediness kambag'allash- v.int get poorer, become impoverished FAQIR adj poor faqirlik n poverty QASHSHOQ adj poor, wretched, poverty-striken qashshoqlik n poverty, wretechedness qashshoqlikka tush- fall on bad times, become impoverished MUHTOJ adj needy, in need muhtojlik n poverty, neediness bechora adj poor, pitiful, miserable bechoralik n poverty, misery NOCHOR n, adj destitute, miserable yo'qchilik n poverty, destitution XOR adj humble, poor, ruined xor-zor humble, poor, ruined xor-zorlik poverty, ruine
246 DEVONA n beggar, poor man GADO n beggar / GADOY gadoylik n begging ocharchilik n famine
OL- v.t take obtain, get, acquire buy, purchase olin- v.int be taken, be obtained oldir- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ cause Y to take / get X oldirib qo'y- lose QOZON- v.t gain, win, obtain qo'lga kirit- seize, obtain, get BOS- bosib ol- grab, seize, capture, conquer egalla- v.t occupy, take over egallab ol- take over egallan- v.int be occupied, be taken over TOP- v.t find, discover, detect gain, earn, get qidirib top- (search and) find izlab top- (search and) find topish n earnings, gains (numX NY) pul ishlab top- earn (X Y(=currency)) money topil- v.int be found, discovered, earned YUT- v.t win, gain yutib ol- win, gain yutqiz- v.t lose yutqiziq n loss; failure MEROS n heritage, inheritance, legacy meros ol- inherit merosxo'r n heir VORIS n heir, successor voris bo'l- inherit VASIYAT n testament, will NX+ni NY+ga vasiyat qil- bequeath X to Y vasiyatnoma n testament YO'QOT- v.t lose eliminate, abolish, put to an end yo'qotib qo'y- lose yo'qotish loss(es) NX+ni boy ber- lose X, waste X ayril- v.int | NX+dan ~ leave X get separated from X, lose X AJRA- v.int | NX+dan ~ leave X, separate from X get separated from X, lose X ajral- v.int | NX+dan ~ get separated from X, lose X ajrat- v.t divide, split dispatch ajratil- v.int | NX uchun ~ be reserved for X TASHLA- v.t throw, throw away abandon, cast aside give up, stop tashlab qo'y- abandon, cast aside, put aside, leave tashlandi adj abandoned, neglected tashlandiq n garbage, refuse
247 KECH- v.int | NX+dan ~ give up X, abandon X BER- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ give X to Y, grant X to Y berib tur- lend beril- v.int be given, granted v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ devote o.s. to X NX+ni NY+ga olib ber- pass Y to X UZAT- v.t pass, hand over, give uzatib yubor- pass yetkaz- v.t transmit, pass on, convey, deliver yetkazib ber- pass on, deliver TOPSHIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ hand over, deliver X to Y qo'lma-qo'l from hand to hand n | NX+ni NY bilan ta'min et-/qil- supply X with Y ta'minot n supplies guarantee ta'minla- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ supply X with Y NX+ni NY+ga taqdim et-/qil- offer, present, donate X to Y SOVG'A n present, gift sovg'a qil- give a present, a gift sovg'alar do'koni gift shop HADYA n present, gift NX+ni NY+ga hadya qil- make Y a present, a gift of X TORTIQ n present, gift TUHFA n present, gift IN'OM n present, gift BAG'ISHLA- v.t dedicate beg'araz yordam humanitarian aid IJARA n rent ijaraga ber- let, rent out ijaraga qo'y- let, rent out ijaraga ol- rent, hire ijaraga o'tir- rent (a house) ijara haqi rent (money) ijarachi n hirer out, renter out hirer, renter, tenant ijarador n hirer, renter, tenant KIRA n charge, fare (vehicle) / YO'LKIRA kiraga ber- hire out (vehicle) kiraga ol- hire (vehicle) BO'L- v.t separate NX+ni NY+ga bo'lib ber- distribute X to Y, share X among Y TAQSIM n distribution NX+ni NY+ga taqsim qil- distribute X to Y, divide X by Y taqsimla- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ distribute X to Y, divide X by Y taqsimlan- v.int | NX+ga ~ be distributed among X tarat- v.t scatter, disperse, spread out v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ distribute X to Y qaytar- v.t send back, return qaytarib ber- send back, return qaytarib ol- get back almashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ change X for Y, exchange X(= money, etc.) for Y ALISHTIR- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ change X for Y, exchange X for Y
248 AYIRBOSH n exchange NX+ni NY+ga ayirbosh qil- exchange X for Y ayirboshla- v.t exchange ayirboshlash exchange, barter
249 Work and Production
ISH n matter, affair, business, thing work, job, task ishga bor- go to work ishdan chiq- go off work ish kuni working day ish qil- do work ish axtar- seek job ishdan bo'shat- dismiss, lay off ishli adj employed, having a job ishsiz adj unemployed ishsizlik n unemployment ishla- v.int work ishchi n worker, workman ishxona n office workshop YUMUSH n work, job, task MEHNAT n work, labour mehnat qil- work mehnatsiz adj without working mehnatkash n labourer, worker XIZMAT n service work, labour; job xizmatga bor- go to work xizmatdan tush- go off work xizmatga ol- appoint, hire xizmatdan chiqar- dismiss xizmat qil- serve, work qora xizmat dirty work xizmatchi n employee, service worker servant xizmatdosh n colleague, fellow worker xizmatkor n servant MARDIKOR n day labourer, casual labourer HAMKOR n colleague, fellow-worker collaborator HASHAR n mutual help, collective work AGENT n agent agentlik n agency HUNAR n craft, handicraft, profession, trade skill, talent hunarmand n craftsman, artisan hunarmandlik n handicrafts hunarmandchilik n craft industry QO'LHUNAR n handicrafts qo'l mehnati handicrafts (handmade) QO'LBOLA adj handmade home-made USTA n foreman, master worker SHOGIRD n apprentice shogirdlik n apprenticeship
250 KASB n profession, occupation, speciality kasbiy adj professional, occupational hamkasb n of the same trade, occupation kasbdosh n of the same trade, occupation KOSIB n craftsman, artisan kosibchilik n craft industry KASABA n profession, trade kasaba birlashmasi trade union kasaba uyushmasi trade union ishla- v.t work (material) ishlab chiqar- produce ishlab chiqarish production ishlab chiqaril- be produced ishlab chiqaruvchi producer yetishtir- v.t bring up (children); breed, raise (animals) yetishtiril- v.int be brought up (children); be bred, raised (animals) RESURS n resource resurslar resources ZAXIRA n stock, reserve ZAPAS n stock, reserve, supply XOM adj unripe raw xom ashyo raw materials xom mollar raw materials ASHYO n materials, goods (ashyo+i) MATERIAL n materials HOSIL n harvest, crop hosil qil- produce, create, build hosilot n production, harvest hosildor adj productive MAHSUL n produce, product, result mahsulot n output, production, yield, product mahsuldor adj productive mahsuldorlik n productivity unum n harvest, yield; output unumli adj fertile (land); productive unumsiz adj infertile, barren (land); unproductive unumdor adj fertile (land); productive unumdorlik n productivity
SHIRKAT n company, firm, cooperative society KOMPANIYA n company FIRMA n firm KORXONA n enterprise, business n | NX ~+lari the X industry korxonachi n entrepreneur FILIAL n subsidiary company bo'lim n section, unit, department, division XO'JAYIN n master, owner boss n | xo'jayinlik qil- manage (household) affairs, be the boss
251 MUDIR n director, manager, head mudirlik n direction, management mudirlik qil- manage, head DIREKTOR n director BOSHQAR- v.t manage, direct, be in charge of boshqaruv n management boshqaruvchi n manager, director boshqarma n department MENEJER n manager MENEJMENT n management IDORA n office, agency, unit, department idora qil- manage, run, administer, supervise idoraviy adj administrative idorachilik n administration MUASSASA n institute, institution, office OFIS n office BYURO n bureau, office XODIM n personnel member, office worker, associate AMAL n post, position, job amalparast n careerist, self-seeker amaldor n official, civil servant MANSAB n official position, post, rank LAVOZIM n (high) function, position, post KADR n expert, cadre YOLLA- v.t hire, recruit, employ yollan- v.int be hired, recruited, employed yollanma adj hired, recruited, employed yollanuvchi n employer NX+ni NY+ga tayin qil-/et- appoint X to Y NX+ga tayin qilin-/etil- be appointed to X tayinla- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ appoint X to Y tayinlan- v.int | NX+ga ~ be appointed to X chiqar- v.t | NX+dan ~ dismiss, remove, expel from X bo'sh- v.int | NX+dan ~ resign from X(=work, post, office) bo'shat- v.t | NX+dan ~ remove from X(=work, post, office) ISTE'FO n resignation iste'fo ber- hand in one's resignation iste'foga chiq- hand in one's resignation ish tashla- go on strike ish tashlash strike ish tashlovchi striker ZABASTOVKA n strike zabastovkachi n striker
DEHQON n farmer, peasant, farm-worker dehqonchilik n agriculture, cultivation, farming qishloq xo'jaligi agriculture FERMER n farmer kolxozchi n kolkhoz worker, farmer DALA n field dala ishlari cultivation of fields
252 POLIZ n field, plantation, vegetable garden TOMORQA n small garden, plot bug'doylik n wheatfield sholipoya n paddy field g'o'zapoya n cotton field paxtachilik n cotton growing paxtakor n cotton grower paxtazor n cotton field paxta terimchi cotton picker oq oltin cotton qovunlik n melon field mevazor n orchard mevali bog' fruit garden, orchard olmazor n apple orchard shaftolizor n peach orchard uzumzor n vineyard tokzor n vineyard ipakchi n silkworm breeder ipakchilik n sericulture, silkworm breeding tutzor n mulberry orchard yer och- clear land SOCH- v.t sow EK- v.t sow, plant ekil- v.int be sown, be planted ekin n sowing crop ekinlar crops ekinzor n plant, plantation TIK- v.t plant tikil- v.int be planted JO'YAK n furrow yer hayda- plough HOSIL n harvest, crop NX+dan ~ ol- harvest mo'l hosil good harvest hosilot n production, harvest hosildor adj productive unum n harvest, yield; output unumli adj fertile (land); productive unumsiz adj infertile, barren (land); unproductive unumdor adj fertile (land); productive unumdorlik n productivity yig'im-teg'im harvest o'rmonchi n forester CHORVA n livestock chorvachi n animal breeder, herder chorvachilik n animal breeding, husbandry chorvador n herd owner YAYLOV n summer pasture o'tloq n pasture, range
253 O'R- v.t mow, cut (grass) o'roq n sickle o'rim n mowing, reaping, harvest CHO'PON n shepherd qo'ychivon n shepherd YILQIBOQAR n horse herder podachi n cowherd tuyakash n camel driver mol boqar cowherd, cattle-drover boquvchi n herder mol boquvchi cowherd, cattle-drover OG'IL n barn molxona n sheepfold, cowshed, barn otxona n stable, barn yem n fodder, food (for animals) SOG'- v.t milk OV n hunt ovga chiq- go hunting ov qil- hunt ovla- v.t hunt (animals) ovlash hunt ovchi n hunter MERGAN n hunter, huntsman baliq ovi fishing baliq ovla- fish baliq tut- fish baliqchi n fisherman baliqchilik n fishing termachilik n gathering FERMA n farm xo'jalik n farm, household KOLXOZ n (collective) farm, kolkhoz SOVXOZ n state farm, sovkhoz SUG'OR- v.t water, irrigate sug'orish irrigation sug'oril- v.int be irrigated IRRIGATSIYA n irrigation QUDUQ n well ARIQ n (irrigation) canal, ditch ANHOR n small river irrigation canal KANAL n canal TO'G'ON n dam, dyke O'G'IT n fertilizer, manure o'g'it ber- fertilize o'g'itla- v.t fertilize OMOCH n plough, plow PLUG n plough, plow TRAKTOR n tractor
254 KOMBAYN n combine harvester TEGIRMON n mill
SANOAT n industry og'ir sanoat heavy industry oziq-ovqat sanoati food industry, farm-produce industry yengil sanoat light industry sanoatlash- v.int become industrialized sanoatchi n manufacturer, industrialist INDUSTRIAL adj industrial INDUSTRIYA n industry ZAVOD n factory FABRIKA n factory ustaxona n workshop remontxona n repair shop OMBOR n warehouse, storehouse, reservoir omborchi n warehouseman elektr stansiyasi power station / plant yadro stansiyasi nuclear power station KON n | NX ~+i X mine kon ishchi miner konchi n miner konchilik n mining industry SHAXTA n mine, pit SHAXTYOR n miner gaz maydoni gas field neft maydoni oilfield neftchi n oil worker ishchi n worker, workman kon ishchi miner qora ishchi labourer, unskilled worker mehnatkash n labourer, worker TEXNIK n technician, mechanic dasturlovchi n programmer INJENER n engineer injenerlik n engineering MUHANDIS n engineer hunarmand n craftsman, artisan KOSIB n craftsman, artisan shoemaker remontchi n repairer, restorer soatsoz n watchmaker qulfchi n locksmith ZARGAR n jeweler, goldsmith temirchi n blacksmith yog'ochchi n carpenter yamoqchi n cobbler MEXANIK n mechanic
255 ELEKTROMEXANIK n electrician binokor n builder quruvchi n builder, constructor (l/f) bo'yoqchi n (house) painter g'isht teruvchi mason, bricklayer, builder DURADGOR n carpenter bog'bon n gardener to'qimachi n weaver gilamchi n carpet, rug weaver tikuvchi n dressmaker, taylor CHEVAR n seamstress, dressmaker etikdo'z n shoemaker qalpoqdo'z n hatter do'ppido'z n maker of skullcaps gazlamafurush n draper, clothier bo'yoqchi n dyer
SHOFYOR n driver, chauffeur haydovchi n driver uchuvchi n pilot (plane) STYUARDESSA n stewardess dengizchi n sailor, seaman KAPITAN n captain temir yo'lchi railway worker POCHTALYON n postman pochtachi n post office worker, mailman YUGURDAK n courier, messenger radiochi n wireless operator aloqachi n communications worker ARXITEKTOR n architect ME'MOR n architect
ISHBILARMON n businessman BIZNESMEN n businessman savdogar n merchant, trader, businessman birjachi n stockbroker sotuvchi n salesperson, seller bozorchi n stallholder magazinchi n shop assistant, salesclerk do'konchi n shopkeeper do'kondor n shopkeeper BAQQOL n small trader, grocer
256 yoymachi n street pedlar NOVVOY n baker QASSOB n butcher ko'kchi n vegetable seller shakarpaz n confectioner qandolatchi n confectioner kabobpaz n kebab seller o'tinfurush n seller of firewood gulchi n florist ATTOR n perfumer kitob sotuvchi bookseller ko'zoynak mutaxassis optician oshpaz n cook SARTAROSH n hairdresser, barber MANIKURCHI n manicurist DALLOL n broker, middleman maslahatchi n adviser; consultant, counselor xizmatchi n employee, service worker servant xizmatkor n servant xizmatkor ayol maid choyxonachi n tea house worker samovarchi n tea house worker CHOPAR n courier sayohat agent travel agent yo'l boshlovchi tour guide GID n tourist guide OFITSIANT n waiter ofitsiantka n waitress HAMMOL n porter saroyvon n hotel-keeper FARROSH n janitor, streetsweeper
KASSIR n cashier hisobchi n bookkeeper, accountant BUXGALTER n accountant, bookkeeper KOTIB n secretary kotiba n secretary (female) kotiblik n secretarial work MASHINISTKA n typist (female) yordamchi n assistant, auxiliary ko'makchi n assistant BANKIR n banker amaldor n official, civil servant
257 MA'MUR n official, administrator INSPEKTOR n inspector sudya n judge ADVOKAT n lawyer, attorney oqlovchi n lawyer politsiyachi n policeman harbiy n regular soldier bojgir n customs officer
DOKTOR n doctor ko'z doktori occulist mol doktori veterinarian tish doktori dentist shifokor n doctor; healer VRACH n doctor TABIB n doctor (traditional medicine) JARROH n surgeon XIRURG n surgeon HAMSHIRA n nurse SANITAR n medical orderly dorigar n pharmacist, chemist aptekachi n pharmacist, chemist nashriyotchi n publisher MUXBIR n correspondent, journalist gazetachi n journalist newspaper seller jurnalist n journalist axborotchi n journalist intelligence personnel kutubxonachi n librarian o'qituvchi n teacher, lecturer MUALLIM n teacher DOMLA n professor, teacher, master PROFESSOR n professor izlanuvchi n researcher, research worker ilmiy xodim scientific worker, research worker TARJIMON n translator, interpreter boshlovchi n (TV, radio) host yozuvchi n writer, author, letter writer FOTOGRAF n photographer san'atchi n artist ARTIST n artist, actor, actress, movie star
258 AKTYOR n actor AKTRISA n actress rasmchi n artisan-painter, photographer RASSOM n painter, artist suratchi n artisan-painter, photographer haykaltarosh n sculpter, carver musiqachi n musician muzikachi n musician sozchi n musician SOZANDA n musician (playing, traditional) ashulachi n singer (modern songs) HOFIZ n singer (traditional songs) XONANDA n singer (traditional songs) qo'shiqchi n singer RAQQOS n dancer raqqosa n dancer (female) qiziqchi n clown
259 Economy
IQTISOD n economy iqtisod fani economics iqtisod qil- economize, save iqtisodiy adj economic iqtisodchi n economist adj economical, frugal, thrifty EKONOMIK n economic ekonomika n economics EKONOMIST n economist EKONOMIYA n economy XO'JA n lord, master xo'jalik n economy xalq xo'jaligi national economy xo'jasizlik n carelessness, mismanagement xo'jasizlarcha ad carelessly, mismanaged KAPITAL n capital kapitalist n capitalist kapitalistik adj capitalist kapitalizm n capitalism MABLAG' n capital, sum of money MOLIYA n finance moliyaviy adj financial MOL n property, possessions, belongings commodity, goods, articles, produce TOVAR n commodity, goods BUYUM n thing(s), articles (for use), goods MARKA n trade mark markali adj | NX ~ X trade mark REKLAMA n advertisement, ad reklama qil- advertise E'LON n announcement, declaration; advertisement
PUL n money NX uchun numY NZ ~ pay Y Z for X NX+ning ~+ini to'la- pay for X pullik adj not free, which one must pay for pulsiz adj without money, penniless free bepul adj gratis, free not having money pulparast n moneygrubbing, grasping person puldor adj rich LOY n dough, cash NAQD adj cash naqd ber- pay in cash naqd to'la- pay in cash naqd ol- receive in cash naqd pul cash QAYTIM n change mayda pul (small) change
260 SO'M n som, rouble numX ~ (pul) (amount of) X som so'mlik adj | numX ~ worth X som / so'mli TIYIN n cent, kopeck tiyinlik adj | numX ~ worth X tiyin / tiyinli TANGA n coin(s), silver coin CHAQA n small change, copper coins BANKNOT n bank note VALUTA n (foreign) currency DOLLAR n dollar YURO n euro RUBL n rouble FUNT n pound MARKA n mark KURS n | (ayirbosh) kurs(+i) (exchange) rate almashtir- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ change X for Y, exchange X(= money, etc.) for Y foreign exchange office, change pul almashtirish do'koni BAHO n price, value, worth grade, evaluation, mark NX+ga (AY) ~ ber- evaluate X (as Y) NX+ga ~ qo'y- price X, value X baho ko'tar- raise the price baho pasaytir- lower the price baho tushir- lower the price qat'iy baho set price baholi adj costly, expensive bahosiz adj priceless, invaluable bebaho adj priceless, invaluable bahola- v.t fix the price evaluate baholash- v.int bargain over, haggle NARX n price, cost narx+i tushir- lower the price KIRA n charge, fare (vehicle) / YO'LKIRA kira haqi fare yo'l haqi fare QIYMAT n cost, value, price TUR- v.int | NX ~ cost X(=price, money) QIMMAT n value, worth adj | (bahosi) qimmat expensive, costly QIMMATBAHO adj valuable, precious ARZON adj cheap, low (price) arzonlash- v.int get cheaper, go down in price arzonlashtir- v.t lower, reduce the price of, give a discount on arzonlashtirish discount, rebate CHEGIR- v.t discount chegirma n discount chegirma ber- give a discount TEKIN adj free (of charge), gratis tekinlik n the state of being free
261 PASAY- v.int lower, decrease, come down pasayish down in price pasaytir- v.t lower, decrease MAOSH n salary, pay, earnings ish haq+i pay, wages xizmat haq+i salary oylik n monthly salary NAFAQA n benefit, grant, allowance, alimony nafaqachi n beneficiary, grantee nafaqaxo'r n pensioner, retired (person) PENSIYA n pension pensiyaga chiq- retire PENSIONER n pensioner, retired (person) INFLATSIYA n inflation
SAVDO n trade, trading, commerce, business savdo qil- engage in trade, be in business savdolash- v.int bargain over, haggle savdogar n merchant, trader, businessman savdogarlik n business, trade / savdogarchilik TIJORAT n trade, commerce, business BIZNES n business BIZNESMEN n businessman SOT- v.t sell, offer for sale sell out, betray sotish sales sotib ol- buy, shop sotib oluvchi buyer, purchaser arzon sot- sell for cheap qimmat sot- sell at a high price sotil- v.int be sold sotiq n selling, sale, trade sotuv n sale sotuvda bor on sale, for sale sotuvchi n salesperson, seller savdo-sotiq buying and selling; business, trade KO'TARA n wholesale ko'tara savdo wholesale CHAKANA n retail chakana savdo retail business chetdan mol kirit- import chetga mol chiqar- export IMPORT n, adj import XARID n purchase xarid qil- shop, buy; go shopping XARIDOR n customer, purchaser, buyer ISTE'MOL n use; consumption iste'mol qil- make use of; consume iste'molchi n consumer
262 TO'LA- v.t pay (money) pay back, compensate NY+ga NX ~ pay X(=money) for Y to'lan- v.int be payed for to'lov n payment, compensation to'lovsiz adj unpaid to'lovchi n payer KASSA n pay-desk, cashier's desk, booking office KASSIR n cashier TILXAT n receipt KVITANSIYA n receipt PATTA n ticket cheque receipt SCHYOT n bill, account HISOB n bill, check ovqat hisobi bill, check (at a restaurant) taom hisobi bill, check (at a restaurant) hisoblash- v.int (make out) bill, check CHOYCHAQA n tip pocket money choy puli tip pocket money BADAL n subscription, fee refund n | NX+ning ~+iga in exchange for X BILET n ticket bilet kassasi ticket office CHIPTA n ticket, seat PATTA n ticket cheque receipt ABONEMENT n (subscription) ticket DARCHA n window, ticket office JETON n token SARF n expenses; expenditure, spending NX+ga ~ bo'l- be spent on X sarf qil- spend sarfiyat n loss, wastage, expense sarfla- v.t spend ISROF n wasting, squandering isrof qil- waste, squander XARJ n expenses kamxarj adj thrifty xarjla- v.t spend (money) XARAJAT n expense xarajat qil- spend (money) TEJA- v.t save, economize take care of, care for, look after numX NY+lik mablag' teja- save (a capital amount of X Y) tejal- v.int be saved, be economized AYA- v.t use sparingly, make best use of iqtisodchi adj economical, frugal, thrifty omonat n savings omonat kassa savings bank
263 JAMG'AR- v.t save (money), put money aside jamg'arma n savings, money put aside jamg'arilgan pul savings G'AMLA- v.t store in reserve, accumulate REZERV(LAR) n reserve(s) rezervlar reserves NX+ga pul qo'y- put money into X, invest in X QARZ n debt NX+dan NY ~ bo'l- owe X Y qarz(ga) ber- lend (money, object) qarz(ga) ol- borrow (money, object) qarzga bot- get into debt qarzdan qutul- settle a debt qarz to'la- repay a debt qarzdor n debtor HAQ n right(s) NX+da NY+ning NZ haq+i bor (X) owe Y Z NASIYA n credit nasiyaga on credit ZAYOM n loan o'sim n interest CHEK n cheque sayohat chek+i traveller's check PATTA n ticket cheque receipt BUYUR- v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ order Y to X, command Y to X order buyurib qo'y- order buyurt- v.t have (something) made, order / buyurtir- buyurtma n order buyurtma ber- reserve, order buyrutmachi n (person) having placed an order band qil- occupy rent; reserve OBUNA n subscription NX+ga ~ bo'l- subscribe to X obunachi n subscriber DALLOL n broker, middleman dallollik n broking AKSIYA n share aksiyador n shareholder GAROV n pawn, guarantee bet garovga qo'y- pawn garovxona n pawnshop CHAYQOV n speculative business chayqovchi n speculator chayqovchilik n speculation
BIRJA n exchange, market (stock, labour) birjachi n stockbroker
264 BOZOR n market, commercial district bozorlik n item sold/bought at the market bozoriy adj on sale, for sale at the market bozorchi n stallholder SUPERMARKET n supermarket MAGAZIN n store, shop kitob magazini bookshop kiyim(-kechak) magazini clothing store oziq-ovqat magazini grocery xo'jalik mollari magazini hardware store magazinchi n shop assistant, salesclerk UNIVERMAG n department store DO'KON n shop, store, (market) stall go'sht do'koni butcher's shop gul do'koni florist kitob do'koni bookshop kiyim(-kechak) do'koni clothing store mashina do'koni car dealer non do'koni baker's shop poyafzal do'koni shoeshop, shoe store sabzavot do'koni greengrocer sovg'alar do'koni gift shop uy jihozlari do'koni furniture store yodgorliklar do'koni souvenir shop zargarlik do'koni jeweller's shop do'konchi n shopkeeper do'koncha n small shop, (market) stall do'kondor n shopkeeper novvoyxona n baker's shop, bakery qassobxona n butcher's shop ochil- v.int open, open out, be open ochilish opening, inauguration yopil- v.int close, be closed, be shut ishla- v.int be open (shop, store) BAQQOL n small trader, grocer baqqollik n grocery trade RASTA n street market yoyma n stall yoymachi n street pedlar VITRINA n (shop) window YARMARKA n trade fair
BANK n bank bankir n banker SUG'URTA n insurance sug'urta qil- insure sug'urta qilin- be insured sug'urtala- v.t insure STRAXOVANIYE n insurance
265 HISOB n arithmetic, calculation, computation account, count, score bill, check NX+ga ~ ol- credit X bank hisobi deposit hisob qil- figure, tally out hisoblash- v.int (make out) bill, check hisobchi n bookkeeper, accountant hisob-kitob accounts; account book DAROMAD n profit, income numX NY ~ ol- make a profit (of X Y(=currency)) daromadli adj profitable daromadsiz adj unprofitable kirim n income, receipts, profit chiqim n expenditure, expenses, spending chiqim qil- spend money chiqimdor adj costly, sustaining heavy losses kirim-chiqim income and expenditure BUDJET n budget SOLIQ n taxes soliq sol- tax daromad solig'i income tax soliq boshqarmasi tax collector's office BOJ n (customs) duty, tax bojxona n customs bojgir n customs officer USHR n taxes, tithe FOYDA n advantage, benefit, profit foyda qil- make a profit foydali adj advantageous, beneficial, useful foydasiz adj without advantage, not beneficial, useless ZIYON n loss, damage, harm loss, deficit NX+ga ~ yetkaz- harm X ziyonli adj in deficit, losing ziyonsiz adj without losses SIN- v.int be bankrupted (l/f)
266 Daily Life (I) Housing
UCHASTKA n plot of land JOY n place (l/f), position (turar) joy house, dwelling O'RIN n place to sit, seat, place to sleep (o'rn+i) place, room o'rin ol- take place, take a seat o'rin tut- occupy a seat o'rinli adj | numX ~ with X seats O'RNASH- v.int | NX+ga ~ settle down in X, establish oneself o'rin-ko'rpa bed, bedding, place to sleep YASHA- v.int live, live (swh) yashovchi n inhabitant, dweller TUR- v.int dwell, settle down, live (swh), stay (at) turar dwelling turar joy dwelling quarters ISTIQOMAT n residence, habitation istiqomat qil- live, reside, stay istiqomat qiluvchi resident YOT- v.int lie, lie down settle down, stay (for some nights) KO'CH- v.int move, migrate (boshqa uyga) ko'ch- move (house) (yangi uyga) ko'chib kel- move in band qil- occupy rent; reserve IJARA ijaraga ol- rent, hire ijaraga o'tir- rent (a house)
BINO n building binokor n builder binokorlik n building industry, civil engineering IMORAT n (big) building imoratbop adj (for) construction OSMONO'PAR adj high (of building) osmono'par bino skyscraper UY n house, home, flat, apartment room home, family uysoz n house builder uy-joy living quarters, house KVARTIRA n flat, apartment, lodgings MINORA n tower, minaret GUMBAZ n dome, cupola QUBBA n dome, cupola CHAYLA n hut
267 CHODIR n tent chodir tikiladigan joy campsite KAPA n tent O'TOV n yurt, (nomad's) tent bo'lma n room section, part, partition ICHKARI n inner part of the house XONA n room; bedroom place, column (in a table) numX kishilik ~ single/double room for X people xonali adj | numX ~ kvartira X room(ed) flat xonadon n flat, apartment ZAL n hall, room mehmonxona n living room qabulxona n reception room KABINET n study, office HUJRA n small room, cell, den oshxona n kitchen ovqatxona n canteen, dining room ovqatlanish xonasi dining room YOTOQ n dormitory, lodging yotoq joy bedroom yotoq uy bedroom yotoqxona n dormitory, bedroom vannaxona n bathroom hojatxona n toilets, lavatory, convenience, restroom TUALET n toilets tualet qog'ozi toilet paper kir yuvish xonasi laundry o'qish xonasi lecture room kutish xonasi waiting room, area kutish zali waiting room, area YERTO'LA n cellar BALKON n balcony AYVON n verandah, terrace PESHAYVON adj verandah HOVLI n courtyard, yard hovlima-hovli from door to door SOYAVON n sunshade, umbrella awning GARAJ n garage KATAK n cage, run
QAVAT n storey, floor pastki qavat downstairs yuqori qavat upstairs qavatli adj | numX ~ uy X-storey house QAT n storey, floor
268 TOM n roof TIM n roof (of an open market) DEVOR n wall devorli adj with walls devoriy adj wall, mural USTUN n pillar, column POL n floor taxta pol wooden floor SHIP n ceiling ZINA n step, stairs (as a location) zinadan tush- go downstairs zinadan chiq- go upstairs zinapoya n stairs (as an object) NARVON n ladder SHOTI n ladder LIFT n lift, elevator ESKALATOR n escalator ESHIK n door, gate eshikcha n flap, door DARVOZA n gate darvozabon n gatekeeper, door-keeper OSTONA n threshold BO'SAG'A n threshold DAHLIZ n entrance hall, lobby qabul stoli reception desk KORIDOR n corridor, hallway YO'LAK n corridor, passage kirish n entrance, entry chiqish n exit, way out DERAZA n window deraza oynasi (window) pane derazali adj with window PANJARA n lattice window, trellis, fence MO'RI n chimney, funnel TUYNUK n chimney O'CHOQ n hearth; stove
SHAHAR n town, city (shahr+i) eski shahar old city shahar atrofi suburbs, outskirts shahar markazi downtown yangi shahar new town shaharlik n city dweller shaharlash- v.int become urbanized shaharcha n small town estate, residence shaharlararo adj interurban DAHA n town district
269 MAHALLA n town quarter, district, neighbourhood mahalladosh n from the same district MAHALLIY adj local GUZAR n small market place in a mahalla KVARTAL n block, town quarter; housing estate POSYOLKA n outlying township MAVZE n outskirts (mavze+i) QISHLOQ n village qishloq (joy) countryside qishloqlik n village dweller qishloqi adj country, rural qishloqcha n small village hamqishloq n fellow villager OVUL n village YOVON n countryside KO'CHA n street berk ko'cha dead end katta ko'cha avenue, main street ko'cha-ko'y streets shoh ko'cha avenue, main street tor ko'cha alley, side street XIYOBON n avenue BULVAR n boulevard MAYDON n square (in town) place, area, field, site, territory maydoncha n small square, field sayrgoh n walk, promenade CHORRAHA n crossroads (piyodalar) o'tish joyi (pedestrian) walkway yerosti o'tish joyi underground crossing to'xtash joyi parking SVETOFOR n traffic lights ko'cha fonari street lamp ADRES n address manzilgoh n address KO'CHA NX ko'chasi numY uy Y, X street (address) yodgorlik n monument OBIDA n ancien monument XAROBA n ruins QAL'A n fortress, stronghold QO'RG'ON n fortress, redoubt SAROY n palace, castle hostel, inn (for caravans) saroyvon n hotel-keeper QASR n castle, palace ARK n citadel, palace O'RDA n (turk, mongol) palace, court
270 elchixona n embassy konsulxona n consulate ishxona n office workshop pochta bo'limi post office pochtaxona n post office BOZOR n market, commercial district SUPERMARKET n supermarket MAGAZIN n store, shop kitob magazini bookshop kiyim(-kechak) magazini clothing store oziq-ovqat magazini grocery xo'jalik mollari magazini hardware store UNIVERMAG n department store DO'KON n shop, store, (market) stall go'sht do'koni butcher's shop gul do'koni florist kitob do'koni bookshop kiyim(-kechak) do'koni clothing store mashina do'koni car dealer non do'koni baker's shop poyafzal do'koni shoeshop, shoe store sabzavot do'koni greengrocer sovg'alar do'koni gift shop uy jihozlari do'koni furniture store yodgorliklar do'koni souvenir shop zargarlik do'koni jeweller's shop do'koncha n small shop, (market) stall novvoyxona n baker's shop, bakery qassobxona n butcher's shop choyxona n tea house choyxonachi n tea house worker RESTORAN n restaurant KAFE n cafe, cafetaria pivoxona n pub, bar sartaroshxona n hairdressing salon, barbershop HAMMOM n (public) baths, bathhouse KIOSKA n kiosk BUDKA n booth BANK n bank KUTUBXONA n library STADION n stadium KINOTEATR n cinema, movie theater / KINO TEATR n theater MUZEY n museum hayvonot bog'i zoo ZOOPARK n zoo MASJID n mosque MADRASA n madrasah (islamic college)
271 XONAQOH n monastery CHERKOV n church mehmonxona n hotel, inn, guesthouse mehmonlar uyi guesthouse KARVONSAROY n caravanserai MAKTAB n school, elementary school UNIVERSITET n university tajribaxona n laboratory LABORATORIYA n laboratory RASADXONA n observatory OBSERVATORIYA n observatory kasalxona n hospital POLIKLINIKA n (poly)clinic / KLINIKA shifoxona n dispensary, clinic meditsina punkti first-aide post, clinic TUG'RUQXONA n maternity home/clinic dorixona n chemist's, pharmacy ZAVOD n factory FABRIKA n factory remontxona n repair shop OMBOR n warehouse, storehouse, reservoir KANALIZATSIYA n sewerage BENZOKOLONKA n gas station STANSIYA n station railway station metro stansiyasi subway station VOKZAL n railway station OSTANOVKA n bus station, bus stop BEKAT n stop avtobus bekati bus stop metro bekati subway station AEROPORT n airport tayyoragoh n airport PORT n port, harbor LAGER n camp lager joyi campsite FERMA n farm BOSHPANA n shelter, refuge (l/f) PANOH adj sheltered, covered BAZA n base
BOG' n garden, park bog'cha n small park bog'bon n gardener bog'bonlik n gardening
272 PARK n park SKVER n square (with garden) gulzor n flower terrace guliston n floral garden BO'STON n floral garden CHAMAN n flowerbed, flower terrace SUPA n mound FAVVORA n fountain FONTAN n fountain BASSEYN n (man-made) pool, basin GO'R n grave, tomb go'rkor n gravedigger go'riston n graveyard, cemetery QABR n tomb, grave qabriston n cemetery, graveyard MAQBARA n mausoleum MAVZOLEY n mausoleum MOZOR n cemetery, graveyard
QUR- v.t build, construct (l/f) quril- v.int be built, in construction qurilish n building, construction (l/f) qurdir- v.t have built, have constructed quruvchi n builder, constructor (l/f) barpo bo'l- be built, erected barpo qil-/et- build, erect IMORAT imorat sol- erect a building TIK- v.t pitch (tent), stitch chodir tik- camp ARXITEKTOR n architect ARXITEKTURA n architecture ME'MOR n architect me'morlik n architecture (prof.) me'moriy adj architectural me'morchilik n architecture DURADGOR n carpenter duradgorlik n carpentry G'ISHT n brick g'isht teruvchi mason, bricklayer, builder LOY n mud clay (used for building) PAXSA n clay (mixed with straw), layer of clay SEMENT n cement BETON n concrete SHAG'AL n gravel
273 Objects and Tools
BUYUM n thing(s), articles (for use), goods ASBOB n tool, instrument asbobsoz n tool maker MASHINA n machine car mashinalash- v.int mechanize mashinalashtir- v.t mechanize APPARAT n apparatus AVTOMAT n automat avtomatlashtir- v.t automate avtomatik adj automatic O'ZIYURAR adj automatic DASTGOH n machine tool, workbench, loom QUROL n arms, weapons, armaments, guns equipment qurollan- v.int equip o.s. (l/f) qurollantir- v.t equip JIHOZ n equipment jihozla- v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ supply X with Y asbob-uskuna equipment ehtiyot qism spare part xo'jalik mollari hardware MOTOR n engine, motor motorli adj motorized motorsiz adj without motor motorlashtir- v.t motorize G'ILDIRAK n wheel g'ildirakli adj wheeled SHINA n tire BALLON n tire TORMOZ n brake tormoz qil- brake PEDAL n pedal RUL n steering PRUJINA n spring NASOS n pump TRUBA n pipe, tube / TRUBKA QUVUR n pipe, tube (oil, gas, irrigation) neft quvuri oil pipeline SHLANG n hose FILTR n filter filtrla- v.t filter SUZ- v.t filter, strain suzgich n filter; strainer ELA- v.t sieve, sift elak n sieve
274 JO'MRAK n tap, spout KRAN n tap, faucet TIQ- v.t stick, block tiqib bekit- plug in tiqin n plug, stopper PROBKA n plug, stopper RAKOVINA n sink UMIVALNIK n sink
TAYOQ n stick tayoqcha n small stick; chopsticks KALTAK n stick HASSA n stick, cane QAMCHI n whip BOLTA n axe boltala- v.t cut down (with an axe) TESHA n chopper o'roq n sickle KETMON n ketman, mattock ketmon chop- dig with a mattock ketmonchi n hoer KURAK n (wooden) spade, shovel BELKURAK n (iron) spade, shovel BEL n shovel, spade, pickaxe belcha n (small) shovel, spade, pickaxe PANSHAXA n pitchfork XASKASH n rake ZAMBILG'ALTAK n wheelbarrow QO'SH n harness; animals yoked for the plough QO'SH- v.t harness OMOCH n plough, plow PLUG n plough, plow EGAR n saddle JILOV n rein(s) YUGAN n bridle BOLG'A n hammer bolg'ala- v.t hammer OMBUR n pincers qisqich n tongs, pincers, tweezers QAYCHI n scissors qaychila- v.t cut (with scissors) ARRA n saw arrala- v.t saw RANDA n (carpenter's) plane randala- v.t plane (down) EGOV n file egovla- v.t file
275 DASTA n handle SOP n handle sopli adj with handle VINT n screw PARMA n drill, gimlet / PARMADASTA MIX n nail burama mix screw mixla- v.t nail (down) OTVERTKA n screwdriver GAYKA n nut gayka kaliti spanner, wrench KNOPKA n drawing pin ARG'AMCHI n rope, string ARQON n rope DOR n tightrope gallows CHILVIR n (thin) string IP n thread lace cord (music instrument) string REZINKA n rubber band BOG' n, meas bundle, bunch bog'ich n string, ribbon (shoe)lace G'ALTAK n reel O'RAM meas bunch TUGUN n knot KOPTOK n hank, skein IGNA n needle NINA n needle; pointer, needle TO'G'NAG'ICH n pin, safety-pin ILGAK n hook, hanger ilgich n hook, peg QOZIQ n stake, peg TO'R n net QARMOQ n fishing rod TAROZI n scales TERMOMETR n thermometer BAROMETR n barometer MIL n pointer, needle RANG n paint, dye
276 BO'YA- v.t paint; dye bo'yal- v.int get painted; get dyed bo'yoq n paint; dye bo'yoqchi n (house) painter dyer bo'yov n painting LAK n varnish YASAT- v.t decorate, adorn, deck out TUZA- v.t arrange, decorate, adorn LAVHA n slab, plaque TAXTA n board, plank (to sit on) wood, timber blackboard, chalk board yog'och-taxta wood, timber MEBEL n furniture uy jihozi furniture uy jihozlari do'koni furniture store STOL n table yozuv stoli desk PARTA n desk XONTAXTA n (low) table SANDAL n small table (over a pit containing charcoal) STUL n chair DIVAN n sofa, divan SKAMEYKA n bench o'rindiq n chair, seat KURSI n stool, chair KRESLO n armchair TAXT n throne SHKAF n cupboad, closet, cabinet JAVON n cupboard, wardrobe kitob javoni bookcase, bookshelf kitob shkafi bookcase, bookshelf TOKCHA n shelf OYOQ n leg (of a piece of furniture) tortma n drawer KARAVOT n bed O'RIN n bedding (o'rn+i) o'rin sol- make the bed KO'RPA n quilt ko'rpacha n bedding, rug used for sitting or for bedding ADYOL n blanket TO'SHAK n mattress MATRAS n mattress CHOYSHAB n sheet(s), linen YOSTIQ n pillow
277 BOLISH n pillow JILD n pillow-case yostiq jildi pillow-case, pillow cover o'rin-ko'rpa bed, bedding, place to sleep ko'rpa-to'shak bed and bedding uyqu qopi sleeping bag BESHIK n cradle TOBUT n beer, coffin KATAK n cage, run QAFAS n cage PARDA n curtain pashshaxona n mosquito net GILAM n carpet, rug gilamcha n small carpet, rug gilamdo'z n carpet, rug weaver gilamdo'zlik n carpet, rug weavering PALOS n kilim, palos (without pile) KIGIZ n felt carpet; felt BO'YRA n (reed) mat TUVAK n pot gul tuvak flowerpot guldon n vase, bowl VAZA n vase DASTA n, meas bunch, handful (of flowers) GULDASTA n bunch of flowers, spray of flowers GULCHAMBAR n wreath DASTURXON n tablecloth SALFYETKA n napkin RAMKA n frame (for pictures) ramkaga ol- frame kuldon n ashtray OYNA n mirror tosh oyna plate-glass KO'ZGU n mirror
YUK n load, burden, freight (l/f) luggage, baggage yukla- v.t | NY+ni NX+ga ~ load Y on to X; overload X with Y yuklan- v.int | NX+ga ~ be loaded on to X; be overloaded with X yukchi n loader yukxona n luggage storage office BAGAJ n baggage, luggage BO'XCHA n bundle TUGUN n bundle CHAMADON n suitcase, valise, trunk
278 QOP n, meas sack, bag qopla- v.t put in sacks qopla- v.t cover qopqoq n lid, cover qopchiq n small sack, bag RUKZAK n rucksack, back-pack XALTA n bag, small sack, shopping bag TO'RVA n sack, bag SUMKA n bag, handbag, schoolbag, sack sumkacha n handbag PORTFEL n portfolio, briefcase HAMYON n purse, wallet PACHKA n bag, packet, pack pachkala- v.t put in bags, packets, packs PAKET n packet QUTI n box, chest, drawer pochta qutisi letter-box, mailbox quticha n small box YASHIK n box SANDIQ n chest, trunk, hutch sandiqcha n small chest SAVAT n basket TOG'ORA n basin, container, bowl CHELAK n bucket, pail GULCHELAK n watering can PAQIR n bucket, pail BAK n tank sopol buyumlar pottery IDISH n vessel, dish, plate idish(lar) dishes, crockery QULOQ n handle (of pots) quloqli adj with handle(s) PATNIS n tray LAGAN n large dish, tray lagancha n dish TOVOQ n plate, (shallow) bowl (esp. for pilau) LIKOP n plate, saucer / LIKOPCHA TARELKA n plate / TARYELKA idish-tovoq dish idish-tovoqlar crockery, dishes tovoq-qoshiq crockery, dishes, pots and pans KOSA n bowl, large cup PIYOLA n cup TAQSIMCHA n saucer QADAH n goblet, (wine)glass, tumbler STAKAN n glass, tumbler
279 KRUJKA n pint, mug, mugful PICHOQ n knife QOSHIQ n spoon CHO'MICH n scoop VILKA n fork sanchqi n fork tayoqcha n small stick; chopsticks KO'ZA n water-jug, jar, pitcher QOVOQ n hollow gourd (dish) SHISHA n bottle BUTILKA n bottle shisha ochadigan bottle-opener bo'g'iz n throat (bo'g'z+i) neck (of a bottle) BANKA n jar, tin, can banka ochadigan can opener ochqich n (can, bottle) opener key QOZON n pot, cauldron, saucepan qozon os- put the saucepan on the fire qozoncha n saucepan TOVA n (frying) pan, skillet QASQON n steamer CHOYNAK n teapot CHOYDISH n kettle SAMOVAR n samovar QUMG'ON n metal jug, ewer TERMOS n thermos OBDASTA n water jug (used for washing hands) suzgich n filter; strainer CHILIM n hookah, nargileh OSHTAXTA n chopping board SUPRA n (leather) pastry board JO'VA n rolling-pin
GUGURT n match(es) ZAJIGALKA n lighter isitish n heating isitish sistemasi heating system gaz balloni gas canister RADIATOR n radiator KONDITSIONER n air conditioning VENTILATOR n ventilator
280 TANDIR n oven, furnace (fixed horizontally) DUXOVKA n oven O'CHOQ n hearth; stove PECHKA n stove PLITA n stove, cooker gaz plita gaz stove PLITKA n plate elektr plitka electric plate muzlatg'ich n refrigerator muzxona n refrigerator, icebox XOLODILNIK n refrigerator sovutgich n refrigerator
KANTSELYARIYA n stationery YAPROQ n, meas sheet (of paper) VARAQ n, meas | (qog'oz) varag'i sheet (of paper) varaqla- v.t leaf through KITOB n book kitobcha n booklet DAFTAR n notebook, copy book xotira daftari notebook daftarcha n notebook, report book BLOKNOT n notebook, writing-pad JILD n cover, case (for books) MUQOVA n binding, cover muqova qil- bind, cover muqovali adj covered muqovala- v.t bind, cover BET n page n | numX+inchi ~ page X SAHIFA n page n | numX+inchi ~ page X KONVERT n envelope XATJILD n envelope QALAM n pencil, pen, ball-point, fountain pen qalam uchi nib, pen point qalamdon n pen container RUCHKA n (fountain) pen / AVTORUCHKA FLOMASTER n felt pen, marker SIYOH n ink siyohdon n ink container o'chirgich n rubber, eraser REZINKA n rubber, eraser rubber band QALAMTAROSH n penknife PAKKI n penknife chizg'ich n ruler LINEYKA n ruler
281 SIRKUL n compasses DOSKA n board, blackboard TAXTA n blackboard, chalk board MASHINKA n typewriter, small machine
SOAT n hour clock, watch devor soati wall-clock qo'l soati wristwatch soatsoz n watchmaker soatsozlik n watch-making BUDILNIK n alarm clock soat millari (clock) hand QO'NG'IROQ n bell qo'ng'iroq chal- ring qo'ng'iroqli adj with a bell KALIT n key ochqich n (can, bottle) opener key QULF n lock, padlock qulfla- v.t lock qulflan- v.int get locked qulfchi n locksmith TAMBA n lock; prop ZULFIN n door chain ZANJIR n chain zanjirla- v.t lock zanjircha n (small) chain SHAM n candle shamdon n candlestick FONAR n lantern cho'ntak fonari flashlight ko'cha fonari street lamp qo'l fonari flashlight CHIROQ n lamp, light chiroqpoya n lampstand LAMPA n lamp LAMPOCHKA n bulb QANDIL n candelabra, centre light MASH'AL n torch PROJEKTOR n projector FARA n head-light SIM n wire (electric, iron...) tikanli sim barbed wire simsiz adj wireless KABEL n cable SHNUR n flex, cable ANTENNA n antenna, aerial EKRAN n screen BATAREYA n battery
282 ROZETKA n plug VIKLUCHATEL n switch elektron buyumlar electrical goods QO'Y- v.t turn on, switch on, put on o'chir- v.t turn off, switch off, put off RADIOAPPARAT n radio, radio set TELEVIZOR n television, television set faks apparati fax machine TELEFON n (tele)phone telefon apparati handset, receiver uyali telefon mobile, cell phone TRUBKA n receiver, handset QULOQCHIN n ear-phone(s) MIKROFON n microphone PLASTINKA n record, disk, plate KASSETA n cassette (audio, video) VIDEOKASSETA n videotape CD-DISK n CD, compact disk / CD MAGNITOFON n tape recorder MAGNITOPLYONKA n tape VIDEOMAGNITOFON n video (player) KOMPAS n compass DURBIN n binocular(s) TELESKOP n telescope MIKROSKOP n microscope FOTO n photo, snap FOTOAPPARAT n camera PLYONKA n film (for camera) / FOTOPLYONKA LENTA n ribbon tape, film KADR n frame KINOKAMERA n (cine-)camera VIDEOKAMERA n video camera nusxa apparati photocopier KOMPUTER n computer KALKULATOR n calculator CHO'T n abacus PRINTER n printer KARTOCHKA n card kredit kartochkasi credit card
uy-ro'zg'or ishlari housework, household duties uylarni yig'ishtir- do the housework, the household
283 KIR n dirt, filth soiled clothes, washing adj dirty kir qil- make dirty, soil kir yoy- hang out washing kir yuv- wash clothes, do one's washing kirxona n laundry, dry cleaner IFLOS adj dirty (l/f), filthy, muddy iflos qil- make dirty, soil ifloslik n dirtiness, dirt mean action iflosla- v.t make dirty, soil ifloslash- v.int get dirty, filthy, muddy GARD n dirt DOG' n stain, patch dog' qil- stain, mark BULG'A- v.t dirty, soil AXLAT n rubbish, garbage, trash axlatni tashla- throw out the garbage eski-tuski old and shabby, worn-out junk, trash LATTA n (piece of) cloth, rag TOZA adj clean, clear pure tozalik n cleanness, clarity, cleanliness purity tozala- v.t clean, tidy (up) yuvib tozala- wash, clean OZODA adj clean, clear, tidy, net (person, place) ozodalik n cleanness, clarity, tidiness; cleanliness POK adj clean pure (l/f) nopok adj dirty impure (l/f) POKIZA adj clean pure (l/f) yig'ishtir- v.t gather up, tidy up, put in order, clean up SARANJOM adj tidy, clean (person, place) saranjom qil- tidy, put in order SARISHTA adj tidy sarishta qil- tidy saranjom-sarishta tidy, clean ART- v.t wipe, clean; wipe away YUV- n wash yuvil- v.int be washed yuvin- v.int wash, have a wash yuvintir- v.t make have a wash CHAY- v.t rinse out SOVUN n soap atir sovun toilet soap kir sovun household soap suyuq sovun liquid soap sovunla- v.t soap CHO'TKA n brush; paint brush cho'tkala- v.t brush
284 GUBKA n sponge SUPUR- v.t sweep supurindi n sweepings, refuse supurgi n floor-brush, broom PILESOS n vacuum cleaner kir mashinasi washing machine idish yuvadigan mashina dishwasher DAZMOL n iron dazmol bos- iron dazmol qil- iron dazmolla- v.t iron
285 Clothing
KIY- v.t wear, put on (clothes, shoes), dress kiyib yur- wear (clothes, shoes) kiyib tur- wear (clothes, shoes) kiyib ko'r- try on kiyim kiy- dress o.s., get dressed kiyil- v.int be worn kiyin- v.int dress o.s., get dressed kiyintir- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ have Y put on X(=clothes) kiydir- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ have Y put on X(=clothes) kiygiz- v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ have Y put on X(=clothes) kiyim n clothes, dress, garment, clothing kiyimlik n material for clothing kiyimsiz adj topless kiyim-kechak clothes SHIMAR- v.t | yeng+ini ~ roll up one's sleeves YECH- v.t take off (clothes) yechib qo'y- take off (clothes) yechib tashla- take off (clothes) yechil- v.int be taken off yechin- v.int take off one's clothes, undress yechinib kiyin- change one's clothes yechintir- v.t undress YALANG adj bare naked yalang bosh bare-headed yalang oyoq bare-legged YALANG'OCH adj naked, undressed bare eskirt- v.t wear out (clothes) kiyim n clothes, dress, garment, clothing bosh kiyimi hat (and the like) ichki kiyim undergarment, underwear oyoq kiyimi footwear, shoes kiyim(-kechak) do'koni clothing store kiyim(-kechak) magazini clothing store LIBOS n clothes, dress cho'milish libosi swimsuit PALTO n coat, overcoat PO'STIN n fur coat BARRA n lambskin PLASH n raincoat, cloak / PLASHCH KURTKA n jacket KAMZUL n jacket (upper outer garment, for women) KOSTUM n costume, suit kostumlik n (material) used for a suit ISHTON n underpants, (boxer) shorts kalta ishton underpants SHIM n trousers, pants kalta shim shorts
286 SHORT n shorts jinsi shim jeans TO'N n (traditional) long robe, coat CHOPON n (traditional) robe, coat KO'YLAK n shirt, dress, blouse ayollar ko'ylagi dress ko'ylaklik n dress(material) used for a shirt ko'ylakli adj wearing a shirt ko'ylak-ishton underwear MAYKA n T-shirt, sports shirt YUBKA n skirt KOFTA n jacket, blouse (for women) BLUZA n blouse BLUZKA n blouse (for women) FARTUK n apron YAKTAK n open-necked traditional shirt SVITER n sweater, pullover FUFAYKA n sweater, sweat shirt JEMPER n sweater, jumper SIYNABAND n bra XALAT n dressing gown PIJAMA n pyjamas, pajamas PAYPOQ n sock(s), stocking(s) NOSKI n sock(s) PAYTAVA n foot-cloth(s) oyog'+iga kiydir- put shoes on oyoq kiyimi footwear, shoes oyoqqa kiy- put one's shoes on POYAFZAL n footwear, shoes, boots poyafzal do'koni shoeshop, shoe store ETIK n (leather) boot(s) etikdo'z n shoemaker BOTINKA n boot(s), shoe(s) botinka ipi boot, shoelace(s) SHIPPAK n slipper(s); sandal(s) SANDAL n sandal(s) KAVUSH n (light summer) shoe(s) MAHSI n slipper(s) (soleless boots) TUFLI n flat shoe(s) (not above the anklebone) POSHNA n heel(s) (of shoes) poshnali adj with high heels baland poshnali tufli high heels O'KCHA n heel(s) (of shoes) bog'ich n string, ribbon (shoe)lace QO'LQOP n glove(s) bosh kiyimi hat (and the like)
287 SHLYAPA n hat SHAPKA n cap, shapka QALPOQ n felt hat, (round) cap, (round) hat qalpoqli adj wearing a hat qalpoqdo'z n hatter TELPAK n fur cap SALLA n turban QULOQCHIN n earflap(s) (on cap, hat) DO'PPI n (embroidered) skullcap do'ppido'z n maker of skullcaps BO'YINBOG' n tie scarf bo'yinbog' bog'la- tie a tie SHARF n scarf RO'MOL n headscarf, neckerchief ro'mol o'ra- put on a headscarf ro'molcha n handkerchief DASTRO'MOL n handkerchief CHIMMAT n veil CHACHVON n veil PARANJI n yashmak, burka KASKA n helmet SHLYEM n helmet, hard hat LENTA n ribbon GALSTUK n tie KAMAR n belt kamar bog'la- put on a belt QAYISH n belt BELBOG' n cloth belt TASMA n belt, bracelet ZONTIK n umbrella SOYAVON n sunshade, umbrella YELPI- v.t fan yelpin- v.int fan o.s. yelpig'ich n fan KO'ZOYNAK n glasses, spectacles ko'zoynak taq- put on glasses ko'zoynak tut- put on glasses ko'zoynakli adj wearing glasses LINZA n lens ERKAK erkaklar for men AYOL ayollar for women BOLA bolalar for children FORMA n uniform
GAZMOL n cloth, material, fabric, textiles GAZLAMA n cloth, material, fabric, textiles gazlamafurush n draper, clothier
288 MATO n cloth, material (mato+i) PAXTA n cotton BO'Z n coarse cotton cloth CHIT n cotton, print, chintz, calico KANOP n hemp CHIPTA n jute, hemp SURP n linen KIGIZ n felt carpet; felt DUXOBA n velvet KIMXOB n brocade DOKA n fine cloth, musli TERI n skin, leather adj leather qo'y terisi sheepskin teri mahsuloti leather products CHARM n leather MO'YNA n fur mo'ynali adj fur JUN n wool junli adj woolly YUNG n wool IPAK n silk ipak qurti silkworm ipakli adj silk ipakchi n silkworm breeder ipakchilik n sericulture, silkworm breeding SHOYI n silk ATLAS n satin LATTA n (piece of) cloth, rag YENG n sleeve(s) yengli n with sleeves YOQA n collar yoqali adj with collar CHO'NTAK n pocket KISSA n pocket TUGMA n button tugmala- v.t button up RAZMER n size (cloths) numX+inchi ~ X size YIGIR- v.t spin yigiruv n spinning TO'QI- v.t weave (cloth, item) to'quvchi n weaver to'qima n, adj textile to'qimachi n weaver to'qimachilik n textile (industry, activity) BICH- v.t cut out bichiq n cut bichim n cut
289 TIK- v.t sew (clothes) pitch (tent), stitch qo'lda tikilgan handmade (clothes) tikuv n sewing tikuvchi n dressmaker, taylor CHEVAR n seamstress, dressmaker QADA- v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ sew X(=button) on Y CHOK n seam, joint YAMA- v.t patch, mend, stitch, repair (clothes, shoes) yamoq n patch tuzat- v.t repair, mend, fix KASHTA n embroidery gul tik- embroider BO'YA- v.t paint; dye bo'yal- v.int get painted; get dyed bo'yoq n paint; dye bo'yoqchi n (house) painter dyer bo'yoqchilik n dyeing DAZMOL n iron dazmol bos- iron dazmol qil- iron dazmol urish steam-pressing dazmolla- v.t iron XIMCHISTKA n dry cleaner's kimyoviy tozalash dry cleaning yuvin- v.int wash, have a wash CHO'MIL- v.int bathe, have a bath cho'miltir- v.t bath DUSH n shower dushda cho'mil- have a shower dush qabul qil- have a shower dushli adj with shower VANNA n bath vanna qabul qil- have a bath vannada cho'mil- have a bath vannaxona n bathroom HAMMOM n (public) baths, bathhouse SOCHIQ n towel SOVUN n soap atir sovun toilet soap sovunla- v.t soap SHAMPUN n shampoo SARTAROSH n hairdresser, barber sartaroshxona n hairdressing salon, barbershop TARA- v.t comb soch+ini tara- comb one's hair taran- v.int comb one's hair taroq n comb soch cho'tkasi hairbrush
290 OL- v.t trim soch ol- cut hair soqol ol- shave tirnoq ol- cut one's nails soch+ini oldir- have a haircut soqol+ini oldir- get shaved FARQ n part O'R- v.t plait KOKIL n plait, pigtail soch bo'ya- tint hair soch bo'yash hair dye QIR- v.t shave qirin- v.int shave o.s USTARA n razor LEZVIE n razor blade soqol sovuni shaving cream tish cho'tkasi toothbrush tish pastasi tooth paste MASSAJ n massage massaj qil- massage UQALA- v.t massage
YASAN- v.int dress up, smarten up yasantir- v.t dress up, smarten up PARDOZ n make-up pardoz qil- make up pardozla- v.t make up pardozbop adj cosmetic KOSMETIKA n cosmetics ATIR n perfume, fragrance, scent NX+ga ~ sep- put perfume on X ATTOR n perfumer attorlik n perfumery UPA n (face) powder yuz+iga ~ surt- powder yuz+iga ~ qo'y- powder upa sur- make up, put on one's make-up atir-upa perfumery, perfumes upa-elik cosmetics lab pomadasi lipstick SURMA n eye and eyebrow make-up, mascara ZARGAR n jeweler, goldsmith zargarlik n jewelry (industry) zargarlik do'koni jeweller's shop JAVHAR n precious stone DUR n pearl(s) DURDONA n pearl(s) MARVARID n pearl(s) INJU n pearl UZUK n ring
291 BILAGUZUK n bracelet BOLDOQ n ring earrings ZIRAK n earrings ISIRG'A n earrings / SIRG'A ZANJIR n chain MUNCHOQ n necklace, beads MARJON n (coral) necklace TAQ- v.t wear, fasten, put on (jewels, tie) taqinchoq n jewels NIQOB n mask guise, cover niqoblan- v.int put on a mask, be disguised MODA n fashion modadagi fashionable, in fashion modadan chiqqan out-of-date, old-fashioned
292 Daily Life (II) Food
YE- v.t eat yeb ko'r- taste yeb qo'y- eat up yegiz- v.t force to / make eat yem n fodder, food (for animals) yem-xashak hay ICH- v.t drink, ingest ichir- v.t make drink ichimlik n beverage, drink ichimli adj drinkable RO'ZA n fast ro'za tut- fast PARHEZ n avoidance of food; diet parhez tut- diet parhez qil- diet parhezdor n (people) on a diet VEGITARIAN n vegetarian OG'IZ meas mouthful (og'z+i) QULTUM n sip, gulp OSHA- v.t eat with the fingers osham n, meas handful (food eaten with the fingers) SHIRIN adj sweet (l/f) shirinxo'r n, adj gourmand; greedy SHIRINTOMOQ n, adj gourmand; greedy nonxo'r n big eater MAST adj drunk mastlik n drunkenness araqxo'r n alcoholic, drunkard araqxo'rlik n alcoholism KAYF n drunkenness, enjoyment kayf+i bor be drunk osh bo'lsin! good appetite! OVQAT n food, feeding, meal, lunch ovqat pishir- do the cooking ovqat tayyorla- do the cooking ovqatlan- v.int eat, feed o.s. ovqatlantir- v.t feed OZIQ n food; fodder oziqli adj nourishing, nutritious oziqlan- v.int eat, feed o.s. oziq-ovqat food; provisions oziq-ovqat sanoati food industry, farm-produce industry TAOM n food, meal, dish NX taomlar+i X(=country, region) food NX+cha taom+i X(=country, region) food birinchi taom first course ikkinchi taom second course TOMOQ n food
293
TAMADDI n snack, bite tamaddi qil- have a snack GAZAK n snack, light meal NONUSHTA n breakfast (ikkinchi) nonushta lunch nonushta qil- have breakfast, have lunch ertalabki choy breakfast tushlik n lunch tushlik qil- have lunch tushki ovqat lunch kechki ovqat dinner PIKNIK n picnic MENU n menu taomnoma n menu ovqatlar ro'yxati menu quyuq ovqat second course suyuq ovqat first course ZIYOFAT n banquet, social entertainment NX+ga ~ ber- entertain X, give hospitality to X NX+ni ziyofat qil- entertain X, give hospitality to X KAFE n cafe, cafetaria qahvaxona n cafe, cafetaria choyxona n tea house choyxonachi n tea house worker BAR n bar BUFET n buffet, snack bar oziq-ovqat rastasi food stall RESTORAN n restaurant ovqatxona n canteen, dining room ovqatlanish xonasi dining room oshxona n kitchen canteen, restaurant oziq-ovqat magazini grocery NOVVOY n baker novvoylik n bakery trade novvoyxona n baker's shop, bakery non do'koni baker's shop QASSOB n butcher qassoblik n butchery qassobxona n butcher's shop go'sht do'koni butcher's shop
PISH- v.int get cooked pishir- v.t cook ovqat pishir- do the cooking pishiril- v.int be cooked pishiq adj ripe
294 XOM adj raw, uncooked unripe xom-xata under-cooked tag+iga olibdi overdone DAMLA- v.t steam, simmer; infuse, brew, make (tea) dimla- v.t steam, stew bug'la- v.t steam qaynat- v.t boil QOVUR- v.t roast, fry qovuril- v.int get roasted qovurdoq n roast (meat), joint qizartir- v.t grill tobla- v.t cook (on a spit) DUDLA- v.t smoke YOP- v.t bake (bread); prepare (somsa, ...) KONSERVA n preserve konservalar conserves, preserves konserva qil- can oshpaz n cook oshpazlik n cooking PAZANDA n master chief pazandalik n art of cooking RETSEPT n recipe dasturxon tayyorla- set the table
LAZZAT n taste, flavour pleasure VX+ib lazzat qil- enjoy X lazzatli adj delicious, tasty lazzatsiz adj tasteless, flavourless MAZA n taste, flavour delight, interest maza+sini ko'r- taste mazali adj delicious, flavourful, tasty, palatable mazasiz adj flavourless, bland, tasteless, unpalatable TA'M n flavour, taste ta'mli adj flavourful, tasty ta'msiz adj flavourless, tasteless TATI- v.int | NX+ga ~ taste nice to X (l/f) TOT n taste, flavour totli adj delicious, flavourful sweet toti- v.t taste / tot- totib ko'r- taste SHIRIN adj sweet (l/f) tasty, delicious shirinlik n sweet dish, dessert, pastry sweetness, deliciousness (l/f) ACHCHIQ adj bitter, hot, spicy, strong; sour achchiqlik n bitterness, spiciness ZIRAVOR n spice
295 dorivor n medecine ingredient spice TAXIR adj bitter, sour, sharp NORDON adj sour, bittersweet SIRKA n vinegar TUZ n salt tuz sol- salt, put salt tuzliq n salt-cellar tuzli adj salted, salty tuzsiz adj without salt tuzla- v.t salt tuzlan- v.int be salted SHO'R adj salty, salt sho'rlik n salinity suvi qochgan stale
OSH n hot meal, pilau oshpaz n cook oshxona n kitchen canteen, restaurant OSHA- v.t eat with the fingers BUG'DOY n wheat ARPA n barley MAKKAJO'XORI n maize, corn / MAKKA GURUCH n rice (husked) / GURUNCH UN n flour NX un+i X flour
GO'SHT n meat NX go'shti meat of X(=animal) buzoq go'shti veal cho'chqa go'shti pork go'sht do'koni butcher's shop kurka go'shti turkey mol go'shti beef qiyma go'shti minced meat qo'y go'shti mutton tovuq go'shti chicken go'shtli adj containing meat go'shtli ovqat meat dish go'shtsiz adj meatless, vegetarian qiyma n sliced meat, minced meat qiymala- v.t chop, mince BALIQ n fish baliqli n containing fish TUXUM n egg tuxum oqi white of egg tuxum sarig'i yolk of egg IKRA n caviar
296 KO'K n greens, vegetables KO'KAT ko'katlar greens, greenery n greens, greenery SABZA n greens, green vegetables sabzavot n vegetables, greens sabzavot do'koni greengrocer SABZI n carrot SHOLG'OM n turnip REDISKA n radish TURP n horse-radish, radish osh qovoq pumpkin (edible), squash BAQLAJON n egg-plant POMIDOR n tomatoe BODRING n cucumber KARAM n cabbage KARTOSHKA n potatoe LAVLAGI n beetroot QIZILCHA n beetroot MOSH n peas, beans, lentil NO'XAT n peas YASMIQ n lentil BURCHOQ n garden peas LOVIYA n haricot beans ISMALOQ n spinach SELDEREY n celery SALAT n lettuce salad (meal) PETRUSHKA n parsley PIYOZ n onion SARIMSOQ n garlic MURCH n (black) pepper GARMDORI n (cayenne) pepper QALAMPIR n (red) pepper murch-qalampir pepper XANTAL n mustard GORCHITSA n mustard ZAYTUN n olive BEDA n clover ZIRA n caraway SHIVIT n dill RAYHON n basil YALPIZ n mint QO'ZIQORIN n mushroom (edible) (qo'ziqorn+i)
297 MEVA n fruit meva-cheva all kinds of fruit mevali adj fruit, with fruit QOQI n | NX ~ dried X(=fruit, meat) quruq meva dried fruit ho'l meva fresh fruit QOVUN n melon XAMAK n small or unripe melon HANDALAK n small, early ripening melon TARVUZ n water-melon SHAFTOLI n peach O'RIK n apricot TURSHAK n dried apricot OLMA n apple NOK n pear ANOR n pomegranate ANJIR n fig BEHI n quince JIYDA n date XURMO n date-palm, date OLXO'RI n plum OLCHA n cherry GILOS n sweet cherry UZUM n grapes MAYIZ n raisin(s) KISHMISH n (seedless, currants) dried grapes QULUPNAY n strawberry TUT n mulberry SHOTUT n black mulberry APELSIN n orange PO'RTAHOL n orange LIMON n lemon BANAN n banana YONG'OQ n nut, walnut o'rmon yong'og'i hazelnut yer yong'oq peanut KASHTAN n chestnut BODOM n almond PISTA n pistachio nut
MOY n non-edible oil, grease edible oil, fat, grease moyli adj oily, greasy moyla- v.t oil, grease
298 YOG' n fat, oil, grease yog'li adj fat, oily, greasy yog'la- v.t grease, oil SUT n milk sutli adj with milk, milk, dairy sutli mahsulotlar dairy goods sutsiz adj without milk suzma n curd(s) QATIQ n yoghurt, sour milk QURTAVA n dried sour milk PISHLOQ n cheese SIR n cheese QAYMOQ n cream SARIYOG' n (dairy) butter MARGARIN n margarin
XAMIR n pastry, dough NON n bread non yop- bake bread non do'koni baker's shop non-pon all kinds of bread zog'ora non maize bread gijda non kind of bread, light in texture buxanka non bread (loaf), bread and buns KULCHA n small round flat bread YUPQA n thin sheet of dough used in cooking UGRA n noodles LAG'MON n noodles (with meat and vegetable soup) MAKARON n pasta, macaroni CHUCHVARA n meat dumplings DO'LMA n dolma (vegetable stuffed with meat and spices) MANTI n steamed big meat dumplings SOMSA n sinker, pie PATIR n thin flat cake patir non flat cake, bread GO'JA n pudding (made from cereals) suyuq osh soups, brouths (and the like) XO'RDA n rice soup MOSHXO'RDA n rice and lentil soup SHO'RVA n soup, brouth MASTAVA n rice soup with meat MOSHKICHIRI n mung beans and rice PALOV n pilaf SHIRGURUCH n rice cooked with milk and butter KABOB n kebab kabobpaz n kebab seller kabobxona n kebab stall
299 SHASHLIK n barbecued meat (or liver) qovurma n roast meat JARKOP n fried meat and potatoes dimlama n a kind of stew HASIP n sheep intestines stuffed with meat and rice QAZI n (horse) sausage(s) KOLBASA n (dry) sausage SOSISKA n (pork) sausage BUTERBROD n sandwich SANDVICH n sandwich GAMBURGER n hamburger PITSA n pizza SHAKAROB n salad with tomato and onions achchiq-chuchuk salad with tomato and onions QUYMOQ n omelette (made with flour) QAYLA n sauce shirinlik n sweet dish, dessert, pastry PECHENYE n pastries, cookie CHALPAK n pancake; kind of sweetmeat made of fruit QATLAMA n pastry containing yoghurt and butter SUMALAK n porridge of wheat, flour, sugar and butter, especially for Nowruz BISKVIT n biscuit PIROJNOYE n cake, pastry TORT n pie, cake obi-non (round flat) cake SHAKAR n sugar, granulated sugar shakarli adj with sugar shakarsiz adj without sugar shakarpaz n confectioner QAND n (lump) sugar, candy chaqmoq qand lamp sugar QANDOLAT n sweets, candy, sweetmeats qandolatchi n confectioner qand-qurs sweets, all kinds of sweetmeats KONFET n sweet(s), candy SAQICH n chewing-gum / CHAYNAG'ICH-SAQICH ASAL n honey BOL n honey SHINNI n fruit syrup QIYOM n thick syrup jam MURABBO n jam, preserve HOLVA n halva
300 SHOKOLAD n chocolate MUZQAYMOQ n ice cream MOROJNIY n ice cream ichimlik n beverage, drink SUV n water ichimli suv drinking water mineral suv mineral water muzli suv iced water qaynoq suv boiled water CHOY n tea famil choy black tea ko'k choy green tea qora choy black tea choyxona n tea house CHOYNAK n teapot SHIRCHOY n tea boiled with milk, butter, salt and pepper KOFE n coffee QAHVA n coffee qahvaxona n cafe, cafetaria KAKAO n cacao cocoa SHARBAT n sweet drink, sherbet NX sharbati X(=fruit) juice meva sharbati fruit juice SHIRA n fruit juice shirali adj juicy SUV NX suvi X(=fruit) juice LIMONAD n lemonad SPIRT n alcohol, spirits spirtli adj alcoholic spirtli ichimliklar (alcoholic) drinks spirtsiz adj non-alcoholic spirtsiz ichimliklar soft drinks SHAROB n wine, spirits oq sharob white wine qizil sharob red wine ARAQ n liquor, vodka, brandy / AROQ KONYAK n cognac, brandy LIKYOR n liquor SHAMPAN n champagne MUSALLAS n (home-made grape) wine VINO n wine MAY n wine, spirits PIVO n beer pivoxona n pub, bar QIMIZ n koumiss (fermented mare's milk) BO'ZA n boza (grain alcohol)
301 TAMAKI n tobacco tamakichi n tobacco manufacturer NOS n nas (chewing tobacco) PAPIROS n cigarette SIGARETA n cigarette FILTR n filter filtrli adj filtered filtrsiz adj filterless TRUBKA n pipe CHEK- v.t smoke chekil- v.int be smoked tamaki chekilmasin no smoking QORADORI n opium NARKOTIK n drugs, narcotics
302 Transport
YO'L n way, road route, line path yo'l+idan adash- lose one's way, get lost NX+dan ~ so'ra- ask X the way katta yo'l highway keng yo'l highway tosh yo'l road pavement yo'lga tush- set off yo'lovchi n pedestrian passenger, traveller yo'ldosh n travelling companion SO'QMOQ n (foot)path YO'LAK n corridor, passage YO'LKA n pavement, sidewalk KO'CHA n street katta ko'cha avenue, main street ko'cha-ko'y streets shoh ko'cha avenue, main street tor ko'cha alley, side street XIYOBON n avenue BULVAR n boulevard CHORRAHA n crossroads (piyodalar) o'tish joyi (pedestrian) walkway yerosti o'tish joyi underground crossing (mashina) to'xtash joyi parking SVETOFOR n traffic lights KO'PRIK n bridge TUNNEL n tunnel KANAL n canal
ARAVA n cart; waggon cart-load, load aravacha n small cart aravakash n carter, (coach) driver AVTOMOBIL n car truck, lorry yuk avtomobili truck, lorry avtomobilsozlik n car industry MASHINA n machine car mashina do'koni car dealer yuk mashinasi truck, lorry AVTOMASHINA n car FURGON n van AVTOBUS n bus TRAMVAY n tram TROLLEYBUS n trolleybus
303 METRO n underground, subway POYEZD n train PAROVOZ n locomotive VAGON n wagon, carriage vagon restoran dining car yotoq vagon sleeping car KUPE n sleeping compartment kupeli adj sleeping (car) POLKA n shelf; berth pastki qavat lower berth yuqori qavat upper berth temir yo'l railway, railroad temir yo'l bekati railway station temir yo'lchi railway worker RELS n rail, track KEMA n ship suv osti kemasi submarine yelkanli kema sailboat kemachilik n navigation kemasozlik n shipbuilding industry QAYIQ n (small) boat PAROXOD n steamship, steamer ESHKAK n oar, scull VINT n screw screw-propeller vintli adj with screw-propeller YELKAN n sail yelkanli adj with sails TAYYORA n (aero)plane SAMOLYOT n (aero)plane samolyotsozlik n aeronautics uchqich n (aero)plane AEROPLAN n (aero)plane QANOT n wing(s) VERTOLYOT n helicopter RAKETA n rocket VELOSIPED n bicycle, bike MOTOTSIKL n motorbike G'ILDIRAK n wheel g'ildirakli adj wheeled SHINA n tire CHANA n sled(ge) toboggan PARASHUT n parachute
TRANSPORT n transport transportda by public transport shahar transporti public transport PIYODA adv on foot
304 YAYOV adv on foot ko'cha harakati traffic yo'l harakati traffic BEKAT n stop avtobus bekati bus stop metro bekati subway station oxirgi bekat terminus so'nggi bekat terminus OSTANOVKA n bus station, bus stop space between two bus stations AVTOBUS numX+chi avtobus number X bus avtobus yo'li bus route TAKSI n taxi marshrutli taksi minibus BENZOKOLONKA n gas station STANSIYA n railway station metro stansiyasi subway station oxirgi stansiya terminus VOKZAL n railway station temir yo'l bekati railway station PERRON n platform PLATFORMA n platform EKSPRESS n express train tezkor adj express, fast (train) TEZYURAR adj express, fast (train) havo yo'li airline REYS n flight AEROPORT n airport tayyoragoh n airport PORT n port, harbor BANDARGOH n port junction
HAYDA- v.t drive (vehicle) haydovchi n driver BOSHQAR- v.t pilot (car, plane) SUZ- v.int sail, navigate kemada suz- sail, navigate SHOFYOR n driver, chauffeur temir yo'lchi railway worker dengizchi n sailor, seaman uchuvchi n pilot (plane) STYUARDESSA n stewardess KAPITAN n captain G'AVVOS n diver CHIQ- v.int | NX+ga ~ go up, rise, climb up, ascend X get into X, get on X(=vehicle)
305 O'TIR- v.int sit, sit down v.int | NX+ga ~ take X, board X(=vehicle) TUSH- v.int go down, descend v.int | NX+dan ~ get off X(=vehicle) tushib qol- get off v.int | NX+ga ~ get in X, board X(=vehicle) MIN- v.int | NX+ga ~ mount X(=horse), board X(=vehicle), ride X otda bor- ride a horse otdan tush- dismount otga min- get on a horse otga o'tir- get on a horse mashina qo'y- park a car mashina to'xta- park a car AVARIYA n accident, crash, wreck avariyaga uchra- have an accident, crash
SAFAR n journey, tour, trip safarda be travelling safarga chiq- set off on a journey safarga jo'na- set off on a journey NX+ga safar qil- (travel and) visit X SAYYOH n tourist, hiker SAYYOR adj itinerant, travelling SAYOHAT n travel, travelling, journey sayohatda be travelling sayohatga chiq- set off on a journey sayohatga jo'na- set off on a journey sayohat agentligi travel agency sayohat qil- travel sayohatchi n traveller, tourist oq yo'l! have a good / pleasant journey! QATNA- v.int | NX+ga ~ frequent (X=place) travel (regularly), ply (vehicle, ship) qatnov n traffic, running qatnov jadvali schedule borish-kelish come and go, round trip bir tomonga bilet one-way ticket ikki tomonga bilet round-trip ticket MARSHRUT n itinerary, route marshrutli adj with a specified itinerary MANZIL n stop, stage QO'N- v.int stop off, break the journey qo'noq n (traveller) guest O'T- v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~ change X(=transportation) KIRA n charge, fare (vehicle) / YO'LKIRA kira haqi fare yo'l haqi fare SINF n class (social, school, transport) KLASS n | numX+chi ~ Xrd class biznes klass business class darajali adj | numX+chi ~ Xrd class TOIFA numX+inchi toifa (first, second,...) class iqtisodiy toifa economy class
306 PASSAJIR n passenger yo'lovchi n pedestrian passenger, traveller HAMROH n travelling companion NX+ga ~ bo'l- accompany X yo'ldosh n travelling companion KARVON n caravan
307 Leasure
TOMOSHA n fun, enjoyment, stroll, loitering NX+ni tomosha qil- watch, enjoy X(=spectacle, entertainment) have fun, amuse oneself, take a stroll at X ko'ngl+i och- enjoy oneself, have fun ko'ngil ochish recreation, distraction bo'sh vaqt spare time OTPUSKA n leave, vacation otpuskada on leave otpuskaga chiq- go on leave hordiq kuni rest, day off TA'TIL n holidays, vacation, leave ta'tilda on holiday ta'tilga ket- go away on holiday dam olish holiday, vacation, leave dam olish kuni holiday, vacation, leave KANIKUL n holiday, vacation, leave kanikulda on holiday ISTIROHAT n rest, holiday BAYRAM n holiday, festival bayram kuni holidays
SAYR n walk, stroll, promenade sayr qil- go for a walk, for a stroll AYLAN- aylanib yur- go for a walk, for a stroll aylanib kel- go for a walk, for a stroll SAYYOH n tourist, hiker SAYOHAT n travel, travelling, journey sayohatchi n traveller, tourist TURIST n tourist TURIZM n tourism KO'R- NX+ni borib ~ visit X (social) NX+ni kelib ~ visit X (social) ZIYORAT n pilgrimage visit ziyorat qil- visit ziyoratchi n visitor ziyoratgoh n saint's tomb, shrine scenic spot; historical site EKSKURSIYA n excursion, sightseeing yo'l boshlovchi pathfinder tour guide yo'l ko'rsatuvchi guide(book) GID n tourist guide esdalik n souvenir esdalik sovg'a souvenir yodgorliklar do'koni souvenir shop
308 O'YIN n dance game, play, match o'yin maydonchasi playground o'yinchi n, adj player o'yinchoq n toy o'yinboz n keen player, gambler o'yingoh n sports ground O'YNA- v.t dance play, have fun v.t | NX ~ play X (ball, game, ...) play with X, dally with X o'ynoqi adj playful, mischievous ovunchoq n toy (used to quieten, console) TO'P n ball KOPTOK n ball PUFAK n balloon ARG'IMCHOQ n swing KARTA n (playing) cards SHAHMAT n chess SHASHKA n checkers, draughts ASKIYA n a type of word game QO'G'IRCHOQ n doll, puppet QIMOR n gambling qimor o'yna- gamble qimorboz n keen gambler
SPORT n sport sport klubi sports club sport maydoni sports ground sportchi n sportsman, sportswoman TRENER n trainer, coach STADION n stadium suv havzasi swimming-pool HOVUZ n swimming-pool cho'milish basseyni swimming-pool YAXMALAK n skating rink MUSOBAQA n competition, race musobaqa qil- compete musobaqalash- v.int compete musobaqadosh n competitor KONKURS n competition MATCH n match CHEMPION n champion YUT- v.t win, gain NX+da ~ yutib chiq- win X(=match, competition) yutqaz- v.t lose HISOB n | numX+ga numY ~ score of X to Y DURANG n draw KOMANDA n team, crew ATLETIKA n athletics
309 YUGUR- yugurish running, race POYGA n race, racing KROSS n cross suvda suzish swimming GIMNASTIKA n gymnastics FUTBOL n football, soccer futbolchi n football player GOL n goal gol ur- score DARVOZA n goal BASKETBOL n basketball VOLEYBOL n volleyball XOKKEY n hockey TENNIS n tennis RAKETKA n racket GOLF n golf BOKS n boxing bokschi n boxer KURASH n wrestling kurashchi n wrestler PAHLAVON n strong man, wrestler / POLVON ULOQ n ulak (on horseback to get an ox carcass) CHAVANDOZ n horseman velosiped poygasi cycling CHANG'I n ski(s) chang'i uch- ski KONKI n skate(s) konki uch- skate
310 Locutions Forms of Address dada(jon) daddy ada daddy oyi(jon) mummy aya mummy NX aka X(=first name) to one's elder brother NX+jon X(=first name) to one's younger brother NX opa X(=first name) to one's elder sister NX+hon X(=first name) to one's younger brother NX o'g'lim X(=first name) to one's son qizim NX X(=first name) to one's daughter NX X(=first name) to one's child buva (respectful) to an elderly man buvi (respectful) to an elderly woman ota / otajon (respectful) to an unknown older man ona / onajon (respectful) to an unknown older woman amaki (respectful) to an unknown older/elderly man aka (respectful) to an unknown elderly man xola (respectful) to an unknown older/elderly woman opa (respectful) to an unknown elderly woman do'stim male to an unknown male (same age) yaxshi qiz male to an unknown female (same age) ovsin elderly (rural areas) female to elderly female mulla aka elderly (rural areas) female to elderly male dugona young female to an unknown young female yaxshi yigit young female to an unknown young male ukam to a an unknown younger male singlim to a an unknown younger female yigit to an unknown young man (hoy), qizcha to an unknown girl (hoy), bola to an unknown boy bolalar to unknown children
NX aka X(=proper name) (to an older male friend) NX opa X(=proper name) (to an older female friend) janob NX Mr. X(=proper name) NX xonim Mrs. X(=proper name) domla! professor!
311 janob! (Mister!) xonim! (Madam!) xonimlar va janoblar! ladies and gentleman! o'rtoq // o'rtoqlar! comrade // comrades! kasbdosh // kasbdoshlar! colleague // colleagues! do'stim // do'stlarim! my friend // my friends! qadrli / aziz do'stim // do'stlar! my dear friend // dear friends! kechirasiz, CX. excuse me, X. (attracting attention on request X) hay! hey! ey! to'xtang! hey! menga qarang! look here!, listen! qani, CX! well, X!, come on X! (exhorting to X) ha, nima? yes? ha, nima demoqchisiz? yes, what it is?
312 Greetings
- salom! - hello! - salom! - hello! - assalomu alaykum! - peace be with you! (formal) - vaalaykum assalom! - and peace be with you! - salomu alaykum! - peace be with you! (formal) - vaalaykum assalom! - and peace be with you! xayrli erta / tong // kun // kech! good morning // afternoon // evening! allo! hello! (on the phone)
- qalaysiz? - how are you? - qalaysiz? - how are you? kayfingiz qalay? how are you? (are you in a good mood?) - yaxshimisiz? - are you well? - yaxshimisiz? // yaxshiman, rahmat! - are you well? // yes, thank you! // o'zingiz yaxshimisiz? // and how about you? ahvollar qalay? how's things? ahvollar yaxshimi? how are you? - ahvolingiz qanday/qalay? - how are you? - yaxshi // juda yaxshi. - fine // very well. - qandaysiz? - how are you? - yomon emas // zo'r, o'zingizchi? - not bad // fine, and you? omonmisiz? how are you? (are you safe?) (used by women) esonmisiz? how are you? (are you in good health?) (used by women) sog'-salomatmisiz? how are you? (are you in good health?) - sog'lig'ingiz qanday/qalay? - how is your health? - yomon emas // yaxshi // o'rtacha // joyida. - not bad // well // fair // all right. tinchmisiz? how are you? (is everything well?) - ishlar(ingiz) qanday/qalay? - how are things going? - (ishlar) joyida. - all right. - hammasi / hamma narsa joyidami? - is everything OK? - (hamma narsa) joyida, rahmat. - quite well, thank you. uy ichingiz / uydagilar / oilangiz tinchmi? is everything well at home?, how is your family? - qanday/nima yangiliklar bor? - what's new? - hammasi eskicha. - nothing new. a'lo darajada(, rahmat). very well (,thank you). juda yaxshi (, rahmat). very well (, thank you). hamma yaxshi. everyone is well. yaxshi (, rahmat). well, fine (, thanks). joyida (, rahmat). quite well, all right (,thank you). yomon emas. not bad. o'rtacha. so-so. bir nav. so-so sekin-sekin, o'rtacha. so-so, as usual.
313 yaxshiroq bo'lishi ham mumkin edi. could be better. mazam yo'q. not too good. yaxshi emas. not too good. o'zingizchi? and you?
314 Leave-taking xayr! goodbye!, bye-bye! xo'p, xayr! OK, see you! xayr endi! goodbye now! xayrli tun! good night! tuningiz xayrli bo'lsin! good night, have a pleasant evening! - hozircha! - see you soon! - xo'p, hozircha! - OK, see you soon! tez (orada / kunlarda) uchrashguncha! see you soon! - ko'rishguncha (xayr)! - see you!, see you again! - xo'p, ko'rishguncha - OK, see you soon! ertagacha (xayr)! see you tomorrow! kechqurungacha (xayr)! see you tonight! - xayr, yaxshi qoling! - good bye, stay well! (when parting) - xayr, yaxshi boring! - good bye, go in peace! (when staying) (xayr,) salomat bo'ling! (good bye,) may you be well! (when parting) alvido! farewell!
(NX+ga mendan) salom ayting. give (X) my best regards. hammaga mendan salom ayting/deb qo'ying. give everyone my best regards. mening nomimdan barchaga salom ayting. give everyone my best regards. oq yo'l! good journey! yo'lingiz oq bo'lsin. have a good / pleasant journey. yo'lingiz / safaringiz bexatar bo'lsin! have a safe / good journey/trip!
(menga // bizga xat) yozib turing. write letters to me // us. (menga // bizga) telefon/qo'ng'iroq qilib turing. phone me // us. meni // bizni esdan chiqarmang. don't forget me // us. xabarlashib turaylik. keep in touch.
315 Introductions kelinglar tanishamiz. mening ismim NX. let's get acquainted. my name is X. o'zimni tanishtirsam maylimi? may I introduce myself? sizga o'zimni tanishtirsam. mening ismim NX. may I introduce myself ? I am X. NX+imni tanishtirsam maylimi? may I introduce my X? sizni NX+ga tanishtirib qo'ysam maylimi? may I introduce you to X? iltimos, meni NX bilan tanishtiring. please introduce me to X. NX bilan tanishing. meet X. NX, bu NY. X(=name, title), this is Y(=name, title). mana NX. here is my X. (siz bilan) tanishganimdan xursandman. I'm pleased to meet you., glad to meet you. sizni uchratganimdan xursandman. very pleased to meet you. men siz haqingizga ko'p eshitgandim. I have heard a lot about you. avval ko'rishgan edik. we have met before. avval ko'rishmaganmidik? have not we met before? mening ismim NX. my name is X. mening familiyam NX. my last name is X. - ismingiz nima? - what is your name? - ismim NX. - my name is X. siz kimsiz? who are you?
316 Invitations marhamat, CX(+ing, polite imperative) please, X (offering X) marhamat keling // o'tiring // oling. please come // sit down // take some. menikiga // biznikiga keling. come and see me // us. mehmon bo'ling. be our guest. qani, keling, keling! come in, come in! (marhamat) kiring. / kiravering. (please) come in. - xush kelibsiz! - welcome! - xushvaqt bo'ling! - (answer to welcome) marhamat, o'tiring. please take a seat. dasturxonga marhamat. come and eat! choy iching! have a cup of tea! osh bo'lsin! good appetite! ishtahangiz yaxshi bo'lsin! good appetite! yoqimli ishtaha! good appetite! oshga qarang / oshdan oling! help yourself! olinglar! help yourself!, bon appetit! boshqa // hech narsa kerak emas, rahmat. no more // nothing else, thank you. endi ketishim kerak. I must go now. turadigan vaqtim keldi. I must go now. (if sitting) to'ylarga kelaylik. let us go to the feasts. (guest to his host, on parting) yana keling! please come again! (to guest parting) kelib turing. come again. tez-tez kelib turinglar! come again and again! sizga/siz uchun hamma vaqt eshigim(iz) ochiq. you are always welcome. eshigimiz doimo ochiq! our door is always open for you! men sizni NX+ga taklif qilmoqchiman. I'd like to invite you to X. sizni biznikiga // NX+ga may I invite you to visit us // to X? taklif qilsam maylimi? bugun oqshom siz biz bilan birga bo'la olmaysizmi? couldn't you spend this evening with us? men bilan ketishni istaysizmi? would you like to go with me? bir aylanib kelmaymizmi? shall we go for a walk? balki birga ovqatlanamiz? maybe we can get something to eat together? kinoga borishga qalaysiz? how about going to the movies? yuring raqsga tushamiz. shall we dance? taklifingizni jonim bilan qabul qilaman. I accept your invitation with great pleasure. afsuski, taklifingizni qabul qila olmayman. unfortunately, I can' accept your invitation. bo'shmisiz? are you free? (NX)bo'sh vaqtingiz bormi? have you got some spare time (on X)?
317 (nima) xizmat? what can I do for you?
318 Requests iltimos, CX(+ing, polite imperative) please (asking for X) sizga/sizdan (bir) iltimosim bor. I have a request to make. bir narsani iltimos qilsam bo'ladimi? may I ask you for something? marhamat qilib CX(+ing/sangiz, please X. (asking for X) polite imperative) marhamat qilib, aytingchi... please tell me... marhamat qilib, NX+ni uzating // ko'rsating. please pass me // show me X. CX+sam maylimi? may I X?, can I X? (VX+ishim) mumkinmi? may I (X)? (VX+ishga) ruxsat eting. give me permission (to X). ruxsatmi? may I?, do you mind? ruxsatingiz bilan. with your permission. ijozat bering. with your permission. sizga malol kelmasa, CX will it bother you if X?, do you mind if X?
319 Apologies kechirasiz / (meni) kechiring! excuse me! iltimos, meni kechiring. please, forgive me., excuse me, please. men sizdan kechirim so'rayman. I beg your pardon. uzr! I apologize! uzr, kechirasiz! I am sorry! - VX+ganim uchun uzr (so'rayman). - I apologize for Xing. - uzr so'rashning hojati yo'q. - you do not need to apologize. (iltimos,) VX+ganim uchun kechiring. I apologize for Xing., excuse me for Xing. (VX+ganim uchun) avf etasiz / eting! I apologize (for Xing). afsus qilaman. I am sorry! xafa bo'lmang! sorry!, don't take offence. jahlingiz chiqmasin. don't be angry. - xafa qilmoqchi emas edim. - I did not mean to upset you. - men xafa bo'lganim yo'q. - no offence taken. bu mening aybim / xatom. It is my fault. zarari yo'q. no harm done. hechqisi yo'q. that's all right, never mind, it's nothing. hech gap yo'q. nothing much, never mind, no problem. hech nima qilmaydi. it doesn't matter. ahamiyat bermang. never mind. buning ahamiyati yo'q. it's of no importance. bu muhim narsa. it's important.
320 Agreement and Disagreement ha! yes! yo'q! no!
(ha,) albatta. (yes,) certainly. shubhasiz. no doubt., undoubtedly. (ha,) shunday. yes, this is the case., certainly. men ham shunday deb o'ylayman. I think so, too. siz haqsiz. you are right. ehtimol. maybe. mana. // ana. here you are. // there. ha, marhamat. yes, here you are. mana, marhamat. here please (giving an object asked for) ha, albatta. yes, certainly! xo'p! OK! xo'p bo'ladi! OK!, agreed!, right! bo'pti! all right!, well! mayli! all right!, OK! xayr! agreed!, well! ma'qul! agreed!, very fine! kelishdik. agreed., deal. - CX? - X(=request)? - marhamat! - please! (offering) jonim bilan! with pleasure!, willingly! bajonidil! with pleasure! arzimaydi. you're welcome. gap yo'q. sure. men roziman. I do agree. men ham shuning tarafdoriman. I am all for it. (men // biz) qarshi emasman//miz. (I // we have) no objections. labbay! yes!, at your service! (when called by someone) ko'ramiz. we will see. o'ylab ko'raman. I will think about it. so'z berolmayman. I can not promise. albatta yo'q. / yo'q, albatta. sure not., certainly not. bunday emas. I don't think so. siz nohaqsiz. / siz haq emassiz. you are wrong.
321 sizga qo'shila olmayman. I can't agree with you. (sizning) fikringizga qo'shilmayman. I don't agree with you. hech ham shunday emas. it is not even close. yanglishasiz. you are mistaken. hech-da not at all. meniki to'g'ri. I am right. yo'q, rahmat. no thank you. yo'q // afsuski, qila olmayman. no // unfortunately, I can't do it. qo'limdan kelmaydi. I simply can't. rad etaman. I refuse. rad etishim kerak. I must refuse. afsuski, men buni rad etishga majburman. I am very sorry, but I must decline to do it. ilojim yo'q. I am afraid I can't. yordam qila olmayman deb qo'rqaman. I am afraid, I can not help. mayli-ya, lekin... I'd like to, but ... ming bor uzr, lekin... I am awfully sorry, but ... men istamayman. I don't want that. hech-da. by no means. hech qachon! never! bu to'g'risida gap ham bo'lishi mumkin emas. it's out of question. menga ishonmangiz. do not count on me. kechirasiz, (men) bandman. sorry, I'm busy. ishim ko'p. I've got things to do. vaqtim yo'q. I've no time (for it). mumkin emas. not allowed. avf etasiz, mumkin emas. I am sorry, it is not allowed. iloji yo'q. no way. iloji bo'lmasa kerak. there is no way.
322 Thanks
(sizga) (katta) rahmat! thank you (very much) (to you)! NX+ingiz uchun sizga rahmat. thank you for your X. arzimaydi. you're welcome. (don't mention it) (NX uchun) (sizga) tashakkur (aytaman). I'm grateful (for X). N(gan)X+ingizdan minnatdorman. I'm very grateful (for your X). NX+ingiz uchun (chin ko'nglidan) minnatdorman. I'm very grateful (for X). sizdan cheksiz minnatdorman. I'm extremely grateful to you. bo'ldi, bo'ldi! that's fine!, that's enough!
323 Congratulations and Wishes yaxshi! very well!, right!, good! juda soz! very well!, great! a'lo! very well!, great! ajoyib! great!, wonderful!, excellent! bu juda ajoyib! that's wonderful! zo'r! super!, cool! juda ham zo'r ekan! great!, super! barakalla! bravo! (sizga) balli! bravo! yashang! well done!, bravo! juda xursandman! I'm very happy! xudoga shukur! thanks to God! eh!, CX! (satisfaction, happiness) ura! hurrah! afsus! what a pity! / that's a pity afsus(ki), CX. what a pity that X. hayhot! alas! attang! what a pity!, what a shame!, darn it! shayton ursin! damn it!, darn it! qurg'ur! damn it!, darn it! (light) juda yomon bo'libdi! too bad! e xudo! my God! qanday ko'ngilsizlik! what a nuisance! qanday ko'ngilsiz voqea! how unpleasant. juda xafaman. I am very sorry. biz juda ham qayg'urdik. we are most distressed. sizga hamdardlik bildiraman. please accept all my condolences. biz hamdarlik izhor etmoqchimiz. we wish to express our condolences. sizga juda achinaman. I sympathize with you. biz juda ham achindik. we are deeply grieved. sog' bo'ling! be in good health! sog'ligingiz uchun! / sizning sog'ligingizga! (here's to your) good health! (sizga men) baxt tilayman. I wish you happiness, good fortune. - (sizga men) omad tilayman. - (I wish you) good luck. - men ham sizga omad tilayman. - I also wish you good luck. sizga omad! good luck! omad yor bo'lsin! good luck! omadingizni bersin! good luck! (sizga men) muvaffaqiyat tilayman. I wish you every success. sizga ham. the same to you.
324 yangi yil(ingiz) bilan. happy new year. yangi yilingiz qutlug' bolsin. a happy new year. mening eng yaxshi tilaklarim. my best wishes. NX muborak bo'lsin. God bless X, best wishes for X. yordam bersin. God help us. xudo xohlasa if God wills xudo saqlasin! bless you! xudo sizga baraka bersin! God bless you! xudo shifosini bersin. best wishes for a speedy recovery. yashasin NX! long live X! yo'qolsin NX! down with X! men//biz sizni tabriklayman//miz. I//we congratulate you. bayram bilan (tabriklayman//miz). I//we greet you on the occasion of the festival. tug'ilgan kun(ingiz) bilan (tabriklayman//miz). happy birthday. yutuq bilan (tabriklayman//miz). congratulations (on your lucky win). qulluq! thank you! (in response to congratulations)
325 Phone Conversation allo, labbay. hello. ha? yes? eshitaman. listening. NX eshitadi. X (=oneself's name) is listening.
NX gapiryapti. X (=oneself's name) is speaking. allo, bu NXmi? hello, is that X (=(title and) name of person looked for)? ha, bu menman. yes, it's me. bizda bunday odam yo'q. sorry, no one by that name here. kechirasiz, nomerni noto'g'ri teribsiz. sorry, wrong number. qaysi nomerga qo'ng'iroq qilyapsiz? what number were you calling? siz qaysi raqamni chaqiryapsiz? what number are you calling? trubkani qo'ymay turing. hold on, please.
NX, sizni so'rashyapti. X (=(title and) name of person looked for), it's for you. telefonda sizni so'rashyapti. you've got a phone call. nima deb qo'yay? may I take a message?
(liniya) band. it's busy. uzildi. I've been cut off. bizni uzib qo'yishdi. we've got disconnected. men qaytadan qo'ng'iroq qilaman. I'll call back.
326 Miscellaneous nima bo'ldi? what happened?, what is the matter? sizga nima bo'ldi? what happened to you?, what's the matter with you? xo'sh, nima gap? what's up?, what's the matter? sizga nima kerak? what do you want? men qilmadim. I didn't do it. hech nimani payqamadim. I didn't realize anything was wrong. bo'lishi mumkin emas! it is impossible! / that is not possible. - rostmi? - really? - rost! - really! rostdanmi? is that so?, really? chinmi ? / chin so'zmi? honest? xudo haqi! for Heaven's sake! (pleading) iye!, CX! oh!, X! (astonishment), is that so? oho!, CX! (astonishment) taajjub! very surprising! bu qiziq! that's odd!, that's funny! ana yangilik! that's something new! axir, CX! at last, X!, well then, X!, so, X! uf! / uh! phew!, whew! ajab bo'pti! serves him/you right! qo'ysangiz-chi! come on!, stop that! bas (qiling)! that's enough!, stop! bo'ldi yetar! that's enough! siz bunday demang! you don't say so!, how dare you say such things! bu qanday gap? what does that mean? seni nima jin urdi? what's up with you? mazasi yo'q. no interest at all., worthless. behuda gap! nonsense! safsata! nonsense! yaxshi uxlab turing! have a good sleep! - hormang! - do not tire! (to those working) - bor bo'ling! - (in response) uyalmang! don't mind, feel free! g'am yemang! don't worry! muammo yo'q! no problem! diqqat! attention! / look out! ehtiyot bo'ling! attention! / danger! / be careful!
327 xavf-xatar! / xavfli! danger! voy! ouch! (pain), oh!, oh dear! (surprise, fear) yordamga! help! menga yordam kerak. I have a problem. menga yordam bering! help me! menga yordam bermaysizmi? would you please help me? dod! help! o't tushdi! fire! o'g'ri! stop thief! o'sha odamni to'xtating! stop that man! to'xtab turing. just a moment. biroz kutib turing. wait a moment please. bir minut! just a minute! iltimos ozgina sabr qiling. please wait a while. shoshmang, shoshmang! just a moment, there's no urgency. shoshilmang. take your time. tez (bo'ling)! hurry up! hali vaqtli. it is early kech bo'ldi. it is (too) late. unutma! don't forget! quloq soling! listen! to'xtang! stop! qimirlamang! don't move! men bilan yuring! come with me! uzoq turing! stand back! keting! go away! yo'qoling! / yo'qol ko'zimdan! bugger off! yo'l bo'lsin? where are you going? men adashib qoldim. I am lost. jim! silence!, no talking! iltimos, tinchlik saqlang! quiet, please! ovozingni o'chir! shut up! o'ch! shut up! meni bezovta qilmang! don't bother me! ahmoq! stupid fool! pastkash! bastard! bu mumkin emas. it is forbidden kirish mumkin emas! no entrance!, no admittance! o'tish man etiladi. no trespassing. tamaki chekilmasin no smoking
328 qo'l tegizmang! don't touch!
NX(+ingiz) // kilosi // necha pul (turadi)? how much is (your) NX // for a kilo? muncha qimmat? is it that expensive? qimmat-qu! it is too expensive! men sizga necha pul qarzman? how much do I owe you? men sizdan qancha qarzman? how much do I owe you? iltimos, hisobni bering / qiling. the bill please. hisob qilasizmi? may I have the bill? adashmadingizmi? is it correct? baraka toping! settled!, well done! (when bargaining)
NX+cha bilasizmi / gapirasizmi? do you speak NX? ozgina NX bilaman. I speak a little NX. mening NX+cham uncha yaxshi emas. my NX is poor. - siz meni tushunyapsizmi? - do you understand me? - men sizni tushunmayapman. - I do not understand you. iltimos, qaytara olmaysizmi? can you repeat that, please? bu so'z // CX degani nima degani? what does this word // CX mean? buning ma'nosi nima? what does it mean? bu NX+chada qanday ataladi / aytiladi? what is this called in NX?
329 Proper Names Places and Peoples
O'ZBEK n, adj Uzbek o'zbek tili Uzbek (language) o'zbekchilik n Uzbekity, the Uzbek way o'zbekcha adv, n Uzbek (language) O'zbekiston n Uzbekistan o'zbekistonlik n Uzbekistanese QORAQALPOQ n Karakalpak Qoraqalpoqiston n Karakalpakistan TOJIK n, adj Tajik Tojikiston n Tajikistan QOZOQ n, adj Kazakh Qozog'iston n Kazakhstan QIRG'IZ n, adj Kirghiz Qirg'iziston n Kirghizstan TURKMAN n, adj Turkmen Turkmaniston n Turkmenistan UYG'UR n, adj Uighur Turkiston n Turkistan SART n Sart QIPCHOQ n Kipchak LO'LI n Gipsy AFG'ON n, adj Afghan afg'oni adj Afghan Afg'oniston n Afghanistan ERON n Iran eronlik n Iranian eroniy adj Iranian FORS n, adj Persian forsiy adj Persian forscha n Persian (language) POKISTON n Pakistan pokistonlik n Pakistanese HIND n India hindi n, adj Indian hindcha n Hindi Hindiston n India TURK n Turk turkiy adj Turkish turkcha n Turkish (language) Turkiya n Turkey ARAB n Arab arabiy adj Arabic arabcha n Arabic (language) Arabiston n Arabia MISR n Egypt misrlik n Egyptian misriy adj Egyptian
330 RUS n, adj Russian rus tili Russian (language) ruscha adv, n Russian (language) ROSSIYA n Russia O'RUS n, adj Russian o'ruscha n Russian (language) TATAR n, adj Tatar Tatariston n Tataristan BOSHQIRD n, adj Bashkir Boshqirdston n Bashkirstan OZARBAYJON n Azerbaidjan ozarbayjonlik n Azerbaidjanese ARMAN n, adj Armenian Armaniston n Armenia GRUZIN n, adj Georgian GRUZIYA n Georgia DOG'ISTON n Daghestan UKRANI n, adj Ukrainian UKRAINA n Ukraine Sovet Ittifoqi Soviet Union Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdo'stligi Commonwealth of Independent States (MDH) NEMIS n, adj German nemischa adv, n German (language) GERMANIYA n Germany GOLLAND n, adj Dutch Gollanda n Holland, the Netherlands gollandalik n Dutch FRANSUZ n, adj French fransuzcha adv, n French (language) FRANSIYA n France INGLIZ n, adj English Englishman inglizcha adv, n English (language) ANGLIYA n England BRITANIYALIK n, adj Bristish Buyuk Britaniya Great Britain ITALIYA n Italy ITALYAN n, adj Italian ISPAN n, adj Spanish ispancha adv, n Spanish (language) ISPANIYA n Spain AMERIKA n America amerikalik n, adj American Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari United States of America (USA) (AQSh) KANADA n Canada kanadalik n, adj Canadian AVSTRALIYA n Australia avstraliyalik n, adj Australian MONGOL n, adj Mongol Mongoliya n Mongolia MO'G'UL n, adj Mongol
331 DUNGON n, adj Dungan XITOY n China xitoylik n Chinese xitoyi adj Chinese xitoycha n Chinese (language) YAPON n, adj Japanese yaponcha n Japanese (language) Yaponiya n Japan KOREYA n Korea koreyalik n Korean KOREYS adj Korean
OSIYO n Asia osiyolik n Asian Markaziy Osiyo Central Asia O'rta Osiyo Central Asia OVRUPA n Europe ovrupalik n European YEVROPA n Europe yevropalik n European AFRIKA n Africa afrikalik n African
Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti United Nations (UNO) (BMT) Qizil Oy Red Crescent Qizil Xoch Red Cross
XORAZM n Khorezm FARG'ONA n Ferghana POMIR n Pamir SIBIR n Siberia
TOSHKENT n Tashkent SAMARQAND n Samarkand BUXORO n Bukhara ANDIJON n Andijan MARG'ILON n Margilan QO'QON n Kokand JIZZAX n Jizzakh NAVVOY n Navvoy NAMANGAN n Namangan GULISTON n Gulistan TERMIZ n Termiz URGANCH n Urgench XIVA n Khiva QARSHI n Karshi NUKUS n Nukus
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DUSHANBE n Dushanbe XO'JAND n Khojand OLMAOTA n Alma Ata BISHKEK n Bishkek O'SH n Osh QASHQAR n Kashgar ASHXOBOD n Ashkhabad QOBIL n Kabul HIROT n Herat BOKU n Baku QOZON n Kazan MAKKA n Mecca MADINA n Medina QUDDUS n Jerusalem TEHRON n Teheran ISFAHON n Ispahan BAG'DOD n Baghdad DAMASHQ n Damascus ISTANBUL n Istanbul QOHIRA n Cairo MOSKVA n Moscow LONDON n London PARIJ n Paris RIM n Roma VASHINGTON n Washington NYU-YORK n New-York TOKIO n Tokyo PEKIN n Beijing
AMUDARYO n Amu Darya (river) SIRDARYO n Sir Darya (river) JAYJUN n Amu Darya river (former noun) ZARAFSHON n Zarafshan (river) SURXONDARYO n Surkhan Darya (river) MURG'OB n Murgab (river) QASHQADARYO n Kashkha Darya (river)
qora dengiz Black Sea orol dengizi Aral Sea ISSIQKO'L n Issyq kol (lake)
333 Atlantika Okeani the Atlantic Ocean Hind Okeani the Indian Ocean Tinch Okean the Pacific Ocean
ust-yurt Ust-Yurt desert QIZILQUM n Kyzylkum QORAQUM n Karakum
Tyanshan tog'(lar)i Tian-Shan mountain(s) HISOR Hisor tog'(lar)i Hisar mountain(s) Oloy tog'(lar)i Alay mountain(s)
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