Pasang Surut Polarisasi Elit Di Dalam Etnis Bugis Dan Makassar
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Performance of Paotere Port in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 6, Issue 1 (January 2017), PP.59-61 Performance of Paotere Port in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Markus Asta Patma Nugraha1, M. Yamin Jinca2, Jamaludin Rahim3 ¹Postgraduate Student, At Master Degree Of Transportation, Faculty Of Postgraduate, Hasanuddin University, ²Professor, For Infrastructure And Transportation Planning, Hasanuddin University, ³Lecturer, Transportation Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar-Indonesia Abstract: This study aims to analyze the performance of the port of Paotere-Makassar and their impact on service of the ships, using Formula Port Planning and Operational Performance Calculation according to Decree of the Minister of Transportation Number: KM 53 Year 2002 port performance is still low, Arrival Rate (AR) averaging 3 ships per day and Turn Round Time (TRT) is relatively long for each ship with a BOR value of 97.79%.Berth Through Put (BTP) is still below 30 thousand tons per month. The low performance of Paotere Port affect the service of the ships, so many ships tethered or anchored in the port is not because the number of ship arrivals (AR) is high, but because Turn Round Time (TRT) is relatively long, exceeding 24 hours per day per ship and influential against postphone time (time delayed which is not beneficial for the ship was in port) and add idle time (time wasted). Keywords: Performance, Ship Services, Quayside Utility, Efficiency I. INTRODUCTION Paotere port in Makassar city established in the 14th century by the Sultanate of Gowa and Tallo, belong to the local port as a port of the oldest people in Makassar [1]. -
Pengaruh Peradaban Islam Di Papua PENGARUH PERADABAN ISLAM DI PAPUA
M. Irfan Mahmud Pengaruh Peradaban Islam di Papua PENGARUH PERADABAN ISLAM DI PAPUA M. Irfan Mahmud (Balai Arkeologi Jayapura) Research on Islamic civilization in Papua has been implemented since 1996. Starting with limited exploration in the area of Raja Ampat Sorong regency. Then proceed in Fak-Fak regency and Kaimana. Study conducted found that the influence of Islamic civilization was stimulated by trade dynamics, especially the Islamic empire in the Moluccas, the Kingdom of Ternate and Tidore. In its development, the kingdom of Tidore absolute power and give a big hand in the formation of Islamic civilization color via satellite countries in the Bird’s Head region along the surrounding islands to colonial entered. Many archaeological remains indication, other than oral sources and the tradition continues. Archaeological remains were found, including the mosques, tombs, pottery, ceramics, religious symbols, and ancient manuscripts. This paper will focus the discussion on three things: (1) a review of Islamic civilization studies conducted Jayapura Archeology, particularly the constraints and problems that still contain the debate to date, (2) the elements of Islamic civilization are essential, such as cultural character and government (petuanan), network scholars, and elements of material culture, and tradition, (3) Islamic cultural traditions inherited colored Muslim communities in certain pockets on the coast. Thirdly it is expected to provide information and research results that will be developed within the framework of the Islamic era in Papua theme. Key words: Islamic influence, Islam Cultural, Papua Latar Belakang Kerajaan-kerajaan (petuanan) di Papua dalam konteks jaringan Islamisasi dan perdagangan, tampak sebagai halaman belakang dengan meletakkan wilayah Aceh sebagai serambinya. -
ISLAMIC NARRATIVE and AUTHORITY in SOUTHEAST ASIA 1403979839Ts01.Qxd 10-3-07 06:34 PM Page Ii
1403979839ts01.qxd 10-3-07 06:34 PM Page i ISLAMIC NARRATIVE AND AUTHORITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 1403979839ts01.qxd 10-3-07 06:34 PM Page ii CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION A series published with the Society for the Anthropology of Religion Robert Hefner, Series Editor Boston University Published by Palgrave Macmillan Body / Meaning / Healing By Thomas J. Csordas The Weight of the Past: Living with History in Mahajanga, Madagascar By Michael Lambek After the Rescue: Jewish Identity and Community in Contemporary Denmark By Andrew Buckser Empowering the Past, Confronting the Future By Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart Islam Obscured: The Rhetoric of Anthropological Representation By Daniel Martin Varisco Islam, Memory, and Morality in Yemen: Ruling Families in Transition By Gabrielle Vom Bruck A Peaceful Jihad: Negotiating Identity and Modernity in Muslim Java By Ronald Lukens-Bull The Road to Clarity: Seventh-Day Adventism in Madagascar By Eva Keller Yoruba in Diaspora: An African Church in London By Hermione Harris Islamic Narrative and Authority in Southeast Asia: From the 16th to the 21st Century By Thomas Gibson 1403979839ts01.qxd 10-3-07 06:34 PM Page iii Islamic Narrative and Authority in Southeast Asia From the 16th to the 21st Century Thomas Gibson 1403979839ts01.qxd 10-3-07 06:34 PM Page iv ISLAMIC NARRATIVE AND AUTHORITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA © Thomas Gibson, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. -
Teuku Mohammad Hasan (Sumatra), Soetardjo Kartohadikoesoemo (Jawa Barat), R
GUBERNUR PERTAMA DI INDONESIA GUBERNUR PERTAMA DI INDONESIA KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA GUBERNUR PERTAMA DI INDONESIA PENGARAH Hilmar Farid (Direktur Jenderal Kebudayaan) Triana Wulandari (Direktur Sejarah) NARASUMBER Suharja, Mohammad Iskandar, Mirwan Andan EDITOR Mukhlis PaEni, Kasijanto Sastrodinomo PEMBACA UTAMA Anhar Gonggong, Susanto Zuhdi, Triana Wulandari PENULIS Andi Lili Evita, Helen, Hendi Johari, I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratih Linda Sunarti, Martin Sitompul, Raisa Kamila, Taufik Ahmad SEKRETARIAT DAN PRODUKSI Tirmizi, Isak Purba, Bariyo, Haryanto Maemunah, Dwi Artiningsih Budi Harjo Sayoga, Esti Warastika, Martina Safitry, Dirga Fawakih TATA LETAK DAN GRAFIS Rawan Kurniawan, M Abduh Husain PENERBIT: Direktorat Sejarah Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Senayan Jakarta 10270 Tlp/Fax: 021-572504 2017 ISBN: 978-602-1289-72-3 SAMBUTAN Direktur Sejarah Dalam sejarah perjalanan bangsa, Indonesia telah melahirkan banyak tokoh yang kiprah dan pemikirannya tetap hidup, menginspirasi dan relevan hingga kini. Mereka adalah para tokoh yang dengan gigih berjuang menegakkan kedaulatan bangsa. Kisah perjuangan mereka penting untuk dicatat dan diabadikan sebagai bahan inspirasi generasi bangsa kini, dan akan datang, agar generasi bangsa yang tumbuh kelak tidak hanya cerdas, tetapi juga berkarakter. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya mengabadikan nilai-nilai inspiratif para tokoh pahlawan tersebut Direktorat Sejarah, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan menyelenggarakan kegiatan penulisan sejarah pahlawan nasional. Kisah pahlawan nasional secara umum telah banyak ditulis. Namun penulisan kisah pahlawan nasional kali ini akan menekankan peranan tokoh gubernur pertama Republik Indonesia yang menjabat pasca proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia. Para tokoh tersebut adalah Teuku Mohammad Hasan (Sumatra), Soetardjo Kartohadikoesoemo (Jawa Barat), R. Pandji Soeroso (Jawa Tengah), R. -
The Implementation of Islamic Law at the Early Spread of Islam in Indonesian Archipelago
Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah Vol. 16, No. 2 (2018): 113-125 Website: http://journal.iain-manado.ac.id/index.php/JIS ISSN 2528-0368 (online) ISSN 1693-4202 (print) 113 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC LAW AT THE EARLY SPREAD OF ISLAM IN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO Kasman Bakry Sharia Department, Sekolah Tinggi Islam dan Bahasa Arab Makasar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Jl. Inspeksi PAM, Manggala, Makassar, South Sulawei, 90234 Email: [email protected] Edi Gunawan Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, Jl. Dr. S.H. Sarundajang Kawasan Ring Road I Manado, 95128 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The study on the graduality principle (tadarruj) of Islamic law in the context of Islamic law legislation in Indonesia has broad issues. The process of Islamization in the archipelago has been taking place gradually, since the advent of Islam in the 7th century AD or the first century of the emergence of Islam in Arab. The legislation efforts of Islamic law in the context of the legal system of a country always raises two sides, they are universal and the particular. Universality and particularity of the Islamic law are motivated by two dimensions, the dimensions of divinity (ilāhiyyah) and the human dimension (insāniyyah). This paper is a qualitative research that focuses on discussing regarding the implementation of Islamic law at the early spread of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago, with the historically normative approach. The conclusion is the graduality principle has been applied in the legislative process in the Islamic law in Indonesia, but it has no formal legal basis in the form of laws regulating the formation of a national law, although it has been implemented in the legislation process of Islamic law. -
Multicultural Narratives in Indonesian Education Historiography: Study Discourse-Historical Approach History Textbook of Senior High School
The 2nd International Conference on Technology, Education, and Social Science 2018 (The 2nd ICTESS 2018) Multicultural Narratives in Indonesian Education Historiography: Study Discourse-Historical Approach History Textbook of Senior High School Akhmad Dwi Afiyadi, Leo Agung S, Sunardi Department of History Education, Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This research tries to trace the multicultural narrations produced by government through textbooks of history lesson (high school) as compulsory subjects. This research is based on the theory of multiculturalism which states that multiculturalism is the recognition of cultural diversity including ethnic, religious, racial and intergroup diversity. On the other hand this articles attempts to look at the multicultural narrations produced by the government in the textbooks of historical pursuits and the political context of education in the production of multicultural narratives. The multicultural narratives described in the textbook of the history lessons ideally depict the territory of Indonesia which has a diversity of tribes, religions, race and groups. The result of this study are expected to find whether the narrative textbooks of history lessons have revealed historical facts that reflect the diversity of Indonesian society and see how the political context of education, whether to position the textbook as a way of controlling the official historical narratives that students, educators and policy makers education. Keywords: [Multicultural Narratives, History Textbook, Discourse-Historical Approach, Education Historiography] 1. INTRODUCTION not be separated from the political interests of the government. State political conditions The lesson of history is the lessons affect the curriculum and textbook material. taught at the school from the elementary to This is because history textbooks in schools the secondary level. -
RIVALITAS ELIT BANGSAWAN DENGAN KELOMPOK TERDIDIK PADA MASA REVOLUSI: Analisis Terhadap Pergulatan Nasionalisme Lokal Di Sulawesi Selatan Menuju NKRI
SEMINAR NASIONAL “Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Membentuk Karakter Bangsa Dalam Rangka Daya Saing Global” Kerjasama: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Makassar dan Himpunan Sarjana Pendidikan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Indonesia Grand Clarion Hotel, Makassar, 29 Oktober 2016 RIVALITAS ELIT BANGSAWAN DENGAN KELOMPOK TERDIDIK PADA MASA REVOLUSI: Analisis Terhadap Pergulatan Nasionalisme Lokal di Sulawesi Selatan menuju NKRI Najamuddin Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Makassar ABSTRAK Stratifikasi sosial masyarakat Bugis-Makassar telah memberikan posisi istimewa terhadap kaum bangsawan sebagai elit strategis dari kelompok masyarakat lainnya dalam struktur sosial, dan sebagai pemimpin puncak dalam struktur politik atau struktur kekuasaan. Sementara elit terdidik muncul sebagai elit kedua dalam struktur sosial nasyarakat yang turut berpengaruh dalam dinamika politik lokal di masa revolusi. Ketika kelompok terdidik tampil dalam Pergerakan Nasional di Sulawesi Selatan bersama elit bangsawan, politik kolonial Belanda berhasil mempolarisasi keduanya menjadi bagian yang terpisah menjadi konflik di awal kemerdekaan RI. Kedua kelompok elit tersebut kemudian memilih jalannya masing masing dalam proses perjuangan. Konflik tersebut akhirnya banyak berpengaruh terhadap kelanjutan revolusi di Sulawesi Selatan dan sepanjang berdirinya Negara Indonesia Timur (NIT) hingga menyatakan diri bergabung dengan RI dalan negara kesatuan. Kata kunci: Rivalitas Elit, Bangsawan, Kelompok Terdidik PENDAHULUAN Persiapan menjelang kemerdekaan RI di Sulawesi Selatan -
SULAWESI and Beyond
SULAWESI and beyond The FRANtišek Czurda Collection Sulawesi and Beyond. The František Czurda Collection. This publication is a result of the forMuse-project ‘Sharing cultural Memory’ Edited by Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo, Dagmar Pospíšilová, and funded by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research. CONTENTS Intan Mardiana Philipp Hesser This publication was issued as part of the scientific research project of the 4 Preface National Museum, Prague No. MK 0002327202 - Personalities of the Czech ISBN 978-3-85497-189-4 science and culture, supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo / Dagmar Pospíšilová 6 The Aim of the Research project “Sharing Cultural Memory” Published by: © 2010 Kunsthistorisches Museum mit Museum für Völkerkunde Museum für Völkerkunde und Österreichischem Theatermuseum, Wien, Philipp Hesser National Museum Prague Neue Burg, 1010 Wien, Austria 10 The Life of Dr. Franz Czurda Photography: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior 20 Sources for the Research Project on Dr. Franz Czurda’s collection Christian Mendez permission of the copyright owners. Alexander Rosoli Andreas Uldrich 24 Czurda’s Strategy of Collecting and the Catalogue Front cover: Back cover: Jiří Vaněk Ritual object | simpa Charm | simak Dagmar Pospíšilová South Sulawesi South Sulawesi Photographic Supervisor: 30 The Collection of František Czurda at the Náprstek Museum, Prague MVW 17710 MVW 17741 Stefan Zeisler Bamboo, lontar leaves, cotton. Cotton, paper. Petra Martin L 46 cm, W 25 cm, H 3 cm W 15 cm x H 33 cm Image Editing: 38 The Collection of František Czurda in Dresden Reinhold Mittersakschmöller 507. -
I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I ±1 I I 1 I ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROJECT I I I I I I I I I I Picpnrcd [u:. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION I OFFICE OF HEALTH AND NUTRITION USAit) CLTltL: ~~il [‘J~)LJ~I[iL’!), ~ C!!i~~T~i~[;iL: 1 I GLJ~LJL; L: G)ui~:!P:uq::n~s,FILM SL:upn: rUiL) I ~ tu. U S AL MC~F Ii ‘L t I Liut Ici! u’ \ L I t ~ii f 202.2_936U_13031 I - - -- - - ---I I ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROJECT WASH Reprint: Field Report No. 387 Survey of Pnvate-Sector Participation in Selected Cities in Indonesia J. Woodcock M. Maulana LIBRA~Y R. Thabrani INTERNATIONAL RFFERENCE CfrNT~Ø FOR COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY ANØ SANITATlONd~ber1993 Co-Sponsored by USAI D/Indonesia Office of Private Enterprise Development, Urban Policy Division (PED/UPD) and the PURSE Steering Committee, composed of BAPPENAS, the Ministry of Home Affairs and -t~~~f Public Works LIBRARYc ~WA~skî~to~ 39g CENTRE FOR OOMMUNI 1 y WA UE~ ~-L’~ AND SAM ATflN ~C) 1 PC U-3’~ ~ 2U.~09AD T;~ 1(~(070) 81 1911 ext. 1411142 1f~J ~ Environmental Health Project Contract No. HRN-5994-C-0O-3036-00, Project No 936-5994 is sponsored by the Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research Office of Health and Nutntion U.S. Agency for International Development Washington, DC 20523 WASH and EHP With the launching of the United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade in 1979, the United States Agency for International Development (USAI D) decided to augment and streamline its technical assistance capability in water and sanitation and, in 1980, funded the Water and Sanitation for Health Project (WASH). -
Daftar Arsip Statis Foto Kementerian Penerangan RI : Wilayah DKI Jakarta 1950 1 11 1950.08.15 Sidang BP
ISI INFORMASI ARSIP FOTO BIDANG POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN KURUN KEGIATAN / NO. POSITIF/ NO ISI INFORMASI UKURAN FOTOGRAFER KETERANGAN WAKTU PERISTIWA NEGATIF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1950.08.15 Sidang Pertama Ketua DPR Sartono sedang membuka sidang pertama Dewan 50001 5R v. Eeden Dewan Perwakilan Perwakilan Rakyat, duduk di sebelahnya, Menteri Rakyat Penerangan M.A. Pellaupessy. 2 Presiden Soekarno menyampaikan pidato di depan Anggota 50003 5R v. Eeden DPR di Gedung Parlemen RIS. [Long Shot Suasana sidang gabungan antara Parlemen RI dan RIS di Jakarta. Dalam rapat tersebut Presiden Soekarno membacakan piagam terbentuknya NKRI dan disetujui oleh anggota sidang.] 3 Presiden Soekarno keluar dari Gedung DPR setelah 50005 5R v. Eeden menghadiri sidang pertama DPR. 4 Perdana Menteri Mohammad Natsir sedang bercakap-cakap 50006 5R v. Eeden dengan Menteri Dalam Negeri Mr. Assaat (berpeci) setelah sidang DPR di Gedung DPR. 5 Lima orang Anggota DPR sedang berunding bersama di 50007 5R v. Eeden sebuah ruangan di Gedung DPR, setelah sidang pertama DPR. 6 Ketua Sementara DPR Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat sedang 50008 5R v. Eeden membuka sidang pertama DPR, di sebelah kanannya duduk Sekretaris. 7 Ketua Sementara DPR Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat sedang 50009 5R v. Eeden membuka sidang pertama DPR, di sebelah kirinya duduk Ketua DPR Mr. Sartono. 8 Suasana ruangan pada saat sidang pertama DPR Negara 50010 5R v. Eeden Kesatuan. 9 [1950.08.15] Sidang BP. KNIP Suasana sidang Badan Pekerja Komite Nasional Indonesia 5R Moh. Irsjad 50021 Pusat (BP. KNIP) di Yogyakarta. 10 Presiden Soekarno sedang berpidato sidang BP. KNIP di 5R 50034 Yogyakarta. -
The Toraja As an Ethnic Group and Indonesian Democratization Since the Reform Era
The Toraja as an Ethnic Group and Indonesian Democratization Since the Reform Era Inaugural-Dissertation Zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Sukri Sukri aus Makassar, Indonesia Bonn, 2018 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich- Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Herr Prof. Dr. Stephan Conermann, Institut für Orient-und Asienwissenschaften (Vorsitzende) Herr Prof. Dr. Christoph Antweiler, Institut für Orient-und Asienwissenschaften (Betreuer und Gutachter) Herr Prof. Dr. Wolfram Schaffar, Universität Wien (Gutachter) Frau Prof. Dr. Karoline Noack, Institut für Archäologie und Kulturanthropoligie (weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06. Februar 2016 ii Abstrakt Als das autoritäre Suharto-Regime 1998 fiel, trat Indoensien in eine Periode des Übergangs zur Demokratie ein, die unter dem Namen „era reformasi“ (Reform-Ära) bekannt ist. Für lokale Gemeinschaften bot sich dabei die für sie wichtige Möglichkeit, mehr Mitspracherechte in verschiedenen politischen Feldern zu fordern. Als Antwort auf diese Forderungen und als Teil der Bemühungen zu zeigen, dass Demokratie vor Ort implementiert wird, verabschiedete die Regierung eine Reihe von Gesetzen zur Dezentralisierung und regionaler Autonomie sowie Gesetze zu einem veränderten System der Wahlen der Regierungsoberhäupter auf lokaler und regionaler Ebene (Gouverneur, Landrat, Bürgermeister). Durch diese Maßnahmen hat die lokale Bevölkerung wichtige Rechte erhalten um die regionalen und lokalen Regierungsoberhäupter gemäß der formal demokratischen Verhältnisse zu wählen, aber andererseits beruht das Wahlverhalten der lokalen Bevölkerung auf verschiedenen lokalen Normen. Der Prozess der Wahlen als eine demokratische Arena fordert das demokratische Muster des Staates heraus indem die lokale Bevölkerung darauf in ihren eigenen Kontext reagiert. -
Proklamasi Dan Dilema Republik Di Indonesia Timur
Seminar Nasional “Proklamasi Kemerdekaan RI di 8 Wilayah” PROKLAMASI DAN DILEMA REPUBLIK DI INDONESIA TIMUR Abd. Rahman Hamid Jurusan Sejarah Univ. Hasanuddin - Makassar Prolog O Proklamasi kemerdekaan 17-8-’45 PPKI menetapkan 8 propinsi (19-8-’45) O Perundingan Linggajati (Maret 1946) wilayah RI: Jawa, Madura, dan Sumatera O Proklamasi terbentuknya NKRI 17-8-’50 O Proklamasi sbg “tonggak” atau “terminal sejarah” Dinamika Lokal sebelum Proklamasi O Gerakan Merah Putih di Sulawesi (tengah) Februari 1942: Gorontalo, Toli-toli, Luwuk, dan Ampana (Poso) O Alih kuasa pemerintahan (sementara), dari Jepang kepada (di) Palu, Poso, Gorontalo. Tapi, tidak di Minahasa. O Sulawesi tenggara bendara merah putih dan lagu Indonesia Raya di distrik Gu (Buton) bersama bendera dan lagu Jepang. Menjelang Proklamasi O Akhir tahun 1944, Bung Karno, Mr. Ahmad Subardjo, dan Mr. Summanang (tiba) di Makassar untuk mempersiapkan kemerdekaan. Bendera merah putih dikibarkan. O Tetapi, kemudian diturunkan oleh Jepang Memberikan motivasi/harapan akan merdekaan O 1 Agustus ‘45, merah putih di Irian (kampung Harapan Jaya) oleh: Marcus Kasiepo, Frans Kasiepo, dll Proklamasi dan Tindak Lanjutnya OProklamasi 17-8-45 di Jakarta ORatulangi bersama Andi Pangerang Pettarani, Andi Sultan Dg. Raja, dan Andi Zainal Abidin ke Jakarta (10-8- ’45). OTerbentuk 8 propinsi, al. Sulawesi (Ratulangi) dan Maluku (Latuharhary). Mendukung Republik (Maluku) O Latuharhary sulit kembali, lalu membentuk pemerintahan di Jakarta (kmd Yogyakarta). Membuka kantor perwakilan di Jawa dan Sumatera membimbing sekitar 30.000 penduduk Maluku di sana. O Perserikatan Pemuda Ambon di Jawa berjuang “membela dan mempertahankan pemerintahan Republik” Semarak Kemerdekaan O Minahasa, merah putih dikibarkan 22 Agustus ‘45 O Pelaut Buton mengibarkan merah putih sepanjang route pelayaran (Sumatera-Jawa-Buton).