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Die Wikingerzeitlichen Grabbefunde Bei Wiskiauten/Mochovoe Im Kaliningrader Gebiet

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Die Wikingerzeitlichen Grabbefunde Bei Wiskiauten/Mochovoe Im Kaliningrader Gebiet Die wikingerzeitlichen Grabbefunde bei Wiskiauten/Mochovoe im Kaliningrader Gebiet Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der philosophischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Vorgelegt von Nina Dworschak Kiel 2018 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Claus von Carnap-Bornheim Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Matthias Wemhof Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24.01.2018 Durch den zweiten Prodekan Prof. Dr. Ulrich Müller zum Druck genehmigt am 22.01.2019. Für meinen Vater Helmuth Dworschak Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung.............................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Einführung ........................................................................................................................................1 1.2. Zielsetzung der Arbeit......................................................................................................................4 1.3. Zur Methodik und dem theoretischen Hintergrund...................................................................5 1.4. Siedlungsforschung..........................................................................................................................8 1.5. Oikonyme und Toponomastik des Fundplatzes und der Region.............................................11 2. Forschungsgeschichte und Forschungsstand..............................................................................15 2.1. Von der Entdeckung des Gräberfeldes bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs......................15 2.2. Die nachkriegszeitlichen Feldforschungen.................................................................................22 2.3. Bemerkungen zur Chronologie im Samland..............................................................................24 3. Zur Quellenlage und Quellenkritik der Altgrabungen............................................................27 3.1. Die Archivalien...............................................................................................................................27 3.1.1. Die Prussia-Sammlung im Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Berlin.....................28 3.1.2. Die Archivalien im Bundesarchiv, Abteilung Filmarchiv in Berlin......................................29 3.1.3. Das Grenz-Archiv und die Nachlässe von H. Jankuhn, P. Paulsen und C. Engel im Landesmuseum Schleswig-Holstein in Schleswig...................................................................37 3.1.4. Der Nachlass von Carl Engel im Herder Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforsch- ung in Marburg, an der Universität Göttingen und auf Schloß Gottorf in Schleswig..........38 3.1.5. Der Nachlass von Birger Nerman in Stockholm.....................................................................38 3.1.6. Der Nachlass von J. Heydeck im Museum für Ermland und Masuren in Olsztyn.............41 3.2. Die verbliebenen Originalfunde ..................................................................................................41 3.2.1. Im Museum für Geschichte und Kunst in Kaliningrad..........................................................42 3.2.2. Teile der Prussia-Sammlung im Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Berlin...............42 3.2.3. Im Museum für Ermland und Masuren in Olsztyn, Polen....................................................43 4. Bestattungsform- und ritus...................................................................................................45 4.1. Die Prä- und Postwikingerzeitlichen Befunde in der Kaup.......................................................47 4.2. Grabformen.....................................................................................................................................53 4.2.1. Die Brandgräber..........................................................................................................................56 4.2.1.1. Typ A Brandgrubengräber......................................................................................................57 4.2.1.2. Typ B Brandschüttungsgräber................................................................................................57 4.2.1.3. Typ C Urnengräber..................................................................................................................58 4.2.1.4. Typ D bitrituelle Gräber..........................................................................................................60 4.2.2. Körpergräber................................................................................................................................60 4.2.2.1. Typ A Erdgräber.......................................................................................................................61 4.2.2.2. Typ B Sarggräber.......................................................................................................................61 4.3. Leere Gräber....................................................................................................................................63 4.4. Sonderbestattungen........................................................................................................................65 4.4.1. Mögliches Bootsgrab...................................................................................................................66 4.4.2. Mehrfachbestattungen................................................................................................................66 4.4.2.1. Grabhügel 163 (Kat.–Nrn. 71; 151)........................................................................................66 4.4.2.2. Dreipersonen Bestattung (Kat.–Nr. 104)...............................................................................68 4.4.2.3. Massengrab (Kat.–Nrn. 142–149)............................................................................................70 4.4.2.4 Mögliche Doppelbestattung von einer Mutter mit ihrem neugeborenen Kind.................73 4.4.3. Bestattung in Bauchlage...............................................................................................................75 4.4.4. Nachbestattung..............................................................................................................................77 4.5. Die Grabhügel..................................................................................................................................78 4.6. Die Kleine Kaup – der spätheidnische Aschenplatz...................................................................82 4.7. Bermerkungen zur Interpretation von Kultstätten innerhalb des Gräberfelds.......................88 4.8. Anthropologische Untersuchungen.............................................................................................92 4.9. Fazit und Interpretation.................................................................................................................93 5. Fundmaterial....................................................................................................................................97 5.1. Wafen- und Pferdezubehör...........................................................................................................99 5.1.1. Schwerter....................................................................................................................................101 5.1.1.1. Schwertortbänder...................................................................................................................111 5.1.2. Lanzenspitzen............................................................................................................................114 5.1.3. Pfeilspitzen.................................................................................................................................117 5.1.4. Äxte.............................................................................................................................................117 5.1.5. Schildbuckel...............................................................................................................................118 5.1.6. Pferdezubehör............................................................................................................................119 5.1.6.1. Steigbügel................................................................................................................................120 5.1.6.2. Sporen......................................................................................................................................125 5.1.6.3. Zaumzeug...............................................................................................................................129 5.1.6.4. Glöckchen................................................................................................................................131 5.1.6.5. Schnallen.................................................................................................................................132 5.1.7. Exkurs: Vergleich zur Zusammensetzung und Quantität von Wafengräbern auf wikingerzeitlichen Gräberfeldern............................................................................................133 5.2. Tracht- und Körperschmuck......................................................................................................136 5.2.1. Fibeln..........................................................................................................................................137 5.2.1.1. Schalenfbeln...........................................................................................................................137
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