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Montenegro's Tribal Legacy
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Montenegro's Tribal Legacy by Major Steven C. Calhoun, US Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared in Military Review July-August 2000 The mentality of our people is still very patriarchal. Here the knife, revenge and a tribal (plemenski) system exist as nowhere else.1 The whole country is interconnected and almost everyone knows everyone else. Montenegro is nothing but a large family—all of this augurs nothing good. —Mihajlo Dedejic2 When the military receives an order to deploy into a particular area, planners focus on the terrain so the military can use the ground to its advantage. Montenegro provides an abundance of terrain to study, and it is apparent from the rugged karst topography how this tiny republic received its moniker—the Black Mountain. The territory of Montenegro borders Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania and is about the size of Connecticut. Together with the much larger republic of Serbia, Montenegro makes up the current Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). But the jagged terrain of Montenegro is only part of the military equation. Montenegro has a complex, multilayered society in which tribe and clan can still influence attitudes and loyalties. Misunderstanding tribal dynamics can lead a mission to failure. Russian misunderstanding of tribal and clan influence led to unsuccessful interventions in Afghanistan and Chechnya.3 In Afghanistan, the rural population's tribal organization facilitated their initial resistance to the Soviets. -
Karadağ Beyi Durad Crnojevic'in Teftiş Defteri (1492)
Karadağ Beyi Durad Crnojevic’in Teftiş Defteri (1497) Feridun M. Emecen* The Teftiş Register (1497) of Đurađ Crnojević, Bey/Lord of Montenegro Abstract The Crnojević family was an important political entity among the lords of the Principality of Zeta. Their connection with the Ottomans is a typical example of patronage and hegemony processes. There are numerous studies related to this fam- ily, many of which include information derived from Ottoman sources and archives. However, newly discovered ahkam and teftiş registers dating back to the reign of Beyazid II provide until now unnoticed information about the family. This article publishes and evaluates a part of the Teftiş Register in which the land possessions of Đurađ Crnojević were recorded. He took refuge in Venice during the Ottoman- Venetian conflict in the period of Beyazid II and later appealed to the Ottomans in order to reclaim his former lands. However, the Ottoman administration granted him a timar estate in Anatolia. He left his country in 1496. These registers are also significant because they involve new-found information about the Crnojević family which played a prominent role in the history of Montenegro. Keywords: Lords of Zeta, Montenegro, Crnojević, Teftiş Register, Tahrir Register. Osmanlıların Balkanlara geçtikten sonra uyguladıkları siyaset içinde mahalli hanedanları doğrudan ortadan kaldırma yanında onları kendilerine tabi kılma veya himaye altında bir süre için dahi olsa mevcudiyetlerini korumalarını sağlama anlayışları öne çıkar. XV. yüzyıla ait tahrir kayıtları genellikle istimalet siyaseti çer- çevesinde dillendirilen bu kabil uygulamaların mahiyeti hakkında son derece belir- leyicidir. Hayli “geçişken” bir idari tasarruf dahilinde mahalli hanedanların zaman içinde temessülleri temin edilerek doğrudan sert bir hakimiyetin ortaya çıkaracağı tepkiler nispeten dengelenmiş, bunların bir bölümü Osmanlı sisteminin çarkları * İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi. -
9629582* A/51/563 S/1996/884 English Page 2
UNITED NATIONS AS General Assembly Distr. Security Council GENERAL A/51/563* S/1996/884* 14 November 1996 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL Fifty-first session Fifty-first year Agenda item 81 REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE STRENGTHENING OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY Letter dated 28 October 1996 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Yugoslavia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit, enclosed herewith, the aide-mémoire of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia concerning the Prevlaka issue. I should be grateful if you would have the text of the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 81, and of the Security Council. (Signed) Vladislav JOVANOVIC Chargé d’affaires, a.i. * Reissued for technical reasons. 96-32383 (E) 191196 /... *9629582* A/51/563 S/1996/884 English Page 2 ANNEX Aide-mémoire issued at Belgrade in October 1996 by the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia concerning the Prevlaka issue 1. Between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, namely between the Republic of Montenegro and the Republic of Croatia, there is a territorial dispute over the Prevlaka peninsula (Cape Ostri and a part of its natural hinterland) in the Boka Kotorska bay. This has been clearly noted in the first sentence of article 4 of the Agreement on Normalization of Relations between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Croatia of 23 August 1996 (A/51/351-S/1996/744, annex). -
Old Rascia) and Old Herzegovina During Ottoman Rule
UDC 930.85(4–12) ISSN 0350–7653 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES BALCANICA XLVI ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES Editor-in-Chief DUŠAN T. BATAKOVIĆ Director of the Institute for Balkan Studies SASA Editorial Board JEAN-PAUL BLED (Paris), LJUBOMIR MAKSIMOVIĆ, ZORAN MILUTINOVIĆ (London), DANICA POPOVIĆ, BILJANA SIKIMIĆ, SPIRIDON SFETAS (Thessaloniki), GABRIELLA SCHUBERT (Jena), NIKOLA TASIĆ, SVETLANA M. TOLSTAJA (Moscow) BELGRADE 2015 Radenko Šćekić DOI: 10.2298/BALC1546079S Original scholarly work Žarko Leković http://www.balcanica.rs Historical Institute of Montenegro Podgorica Marijan Premović Faculty of Philosophy Nikšić Political Developments and Unrests in Stara Raška (Old Rascia) and Old Herzegovina during Ottoman Rule Abstract: During the centuries of Ottoman rule the Tara and Lim river valleys (or Potarje and Polimlje respectively), the Pešter Plateau and Old Herzegovina saw much turbulence, wars, rebellions, population migrations. This chaotic situation was combined with the arbitrary and repressive conduct of local Ottoman feudal lords. Migrations, interethnic contacts and mixing of populations as well as an intensified Islamization process caused by a number of factors greatly complicated the situation. Albanian northward penetration along the Lim and into Pešter as well as the expan- sion of the Vasojevići tribe into the Upper Lim valley added to the complexity of the ethnic and demographic picture of the region. Perpetual rebellions against the Otto- man occupation eventually led to the liberation of the Serbian Orthodox population of these areas. Keywords: Stara Raška (Old Rascia), Brda (Highlands), Old Herzegovina, Ottoman Empire, rebellions, migrations Introduction or the sake of clarity let us first define some terms used in this article. -
3. Multilateral Peace Missions
3. Multilateral peace missions SHARON WIHARTA I. Peace missions in 2002 The trend towards smaller, short-term and mandate-specific peace missions continued in 2002. Several long-standing missions were closed: the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH), the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) in Croatia, the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Assistance Group to Chechnya, NATO’s Task Force Fox (TFF)1 in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace- donia (FYROM), and the Australian-led International Peace Monitoring Team for the Solomon Islands (IPMT). In the case of two of the closed UN missions, smaller missions were set up with clear, credible and achievable mandates. After seven years in operation, UNMIBH ended its tenure at the end of 2002, and the mandate to oversee the development and strengthening of police forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina was handed over to the European Union Police Mission (EUPM).2 UNTAET was succeeded by the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET). The two other new UN missions—the United Nations Mission in Angola (UNMA) and the United Nations Assis- tance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)––were of a more political and peace- building nature, acting as adviser to the host governments. Events in both Angola and Afghanistan prompted the reactivation of dormant UN missions. In East Timor, the largely smooth transition to the independent state of Timor- Leste in May 2002 allowed for an appropriately reduced UN engagement there. Several other missions—particularly in the Balkans—were restructured because of the growing political and security stability in these countries and the successful completion of mission mandates. -
The Emergence of Weak, Despotic and Inclusive States∗
The Emergence of Weak, Despotic and Inclusive States∗ Daron Acemogluy James A. Robinsonz May 30, 2018 Abstract Societies under similar geographic and economic conditions and subject to similar external influ- ences nonetheless develop very different types of states. At one extreme are weak states with little capacity and ability to regulate economic or social relations. At the other are despotic states which dominate civil society. Yet there are others which are locked into an ongoing competition with civil society and it is these, not the despotic ones, that develop the greatest capacity. We develop a model of political competition between state (controlled by a ruler or a group of elites) and civil society (representing non-elite citizens), where both players can invest to increase their power. The model leads to different types of steady states depending on initial conditions. One type of steady state, corresponding to a weak state, emerges when civil society is strong relative to the state (e.g., having developed social norms limiting political hierarchy). Another type of steady state, corresponding to a despotic state, originates from initial conditions where the state is powerful and civil society is weak. A third type of steady state, which we refer to as an inclusive state, emerges when state and civil society are more evenly matched. In this last case, each party has greater incentives to invest to keep up with the other, which undergirds the rise of high-capacity states and societies. Our framework highlights that comparative statics with respect to structural factors such as geography, economic conditions or external threats, are conditional | in the sense that depending on initial conditions they can shift a society into or out of the basin of attraction of the inclusive state. -
War in the Balkans, 1991-2002
WAR IN THE BALKANS, 1991-2002 R. Craig Nation August 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or be e-mail at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-134-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword . v Preface . vii Map of the Balkan Region. viii 1. The Balkan Region in World Politics . 1 2. The Balkans in the Short 20th Century . 43 3. The State of War: Slovenia and Croatia, 1991-92. -
Pavlovic, Aleksandar (2012) from Traditional to Transitional Texts
Aleksandar Pavlović From Traditional to Transitional Texts: Montenegrin Oral Tradition and Vuk Karadžić’s Narodne srpske pjesme Supervisors: Dr David Norris, Dr Vladimir Zorić Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Southeast European Studies, February 2012 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ……..…………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction …….......……………………………………………………………………….. 4 Chapter 1. The Concepts of Oral Traditional, Transitional and Nontraditional Texts ……..…...… 56 Chapter 2. Genuine Oral Traditional Songs in Narodne srpske pjesme ……...…………………….. 114 Chapter 3. Transitional Texts about the Battles against Mehmet Pasha .......…………………….... 169 Chapter 4. Between Traditional and Nontraditional Texts: The Songs of Đuro Milutinović .......... 228 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………… 261 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………… 280 1 ABSTRACT This thesis analyses the influence of literate culture on the corpus of Montenegrin oral epic songs published in Vuk Karadžić’s edition of Narodne srpske pjesme from 1823 to 1833. The Introduction places the research in the scholarly context of the Parry-Lord theory of oral composition, later analyses of transitional texts that contain both oral traditional and literary characteristics, and recent interest in the entire process of transcription, edition and publication of songs belonging to the oral tradition. This is followed by an outline of facts relevant to the social and political history of Montenegro, its epic tradition and earliest -
Plemena U CG | Prezimena U CG Vabić, Baošići, Herceg-Novi
Program | Uprava | O nama | Reagovanja, pisma... | Plemena u CG | Prezimena u CG V Vabić, Baošići, Herceg-Novi; u Nikšiću Vavis, Podgorica Vavić, u Kruševicama, Herceg-Novi; u Nikšiću Vaga, Herceg-Novi Vagas, i, Kotor 1350. god. Vagner, Herceg-Novi Vadić, Herceg-Novi, po nahočetu Vadotić, Podgorica Vadjon, Berane i Budva Vajat, Nikšić Vajdić, Herceg-Novi Vajzović, Pljevlja 1854. god. Vajmeš, u Šekularima (Vasojevići) Vajmeši u Šekularima (Gornji Vasojevići) su Drobnjaci! Vajmeši i Babići su Ćetkovi potomci. Vajmeši su: Pantovići sa ogrankom Aleksići (prezime), Markovići, Ivovići, Milunovići, Devići, Miloševići sa Nedovićima, Radoševići i Đorđijevići. Vajmeši su i Stijovići (Brunčevići, Brunci) koji su ranije živjeli u Budimlji. Babići su: Babići, Đorovići, Tomovići i Mlađenovići. Slave Đurđevdan, a prislužuju sv. Iliju. Ovim bratstvima su rod Asovići iz Donje Ržanice i Šekularci iz Gornjih Sela. Izvor/ prenijeto iz knjiga: Blaža Ralevića – Kaludra 1676 – 1976, Beograd 1976, i Mirka Raičevića – Gornja sela, naselja i stanovništvo, Beograd 1994. Vajner, Kotor Vakleš, u Kotoru Vaknituki, Kotor Vala, Herceg-Novi Valac Gornjevuk, predak bratstva Gornjevuka u Dobrskom Selu Valengino, Herceg-Novi Valentin, Ulcinj Valentinović, Kotor 1534. god. Valentinčić, Kotor Valenčić, Kotor Valeri, Budva Valetić, Herceg-Novi Vales, Kotor Valijero, Kotor Valosenjori, u Šasu (Ulcinj) Valčić, Kotor; Budva Valšić, Kotor Valjato, u Baošićima, Herceg-Novi Valjari, rod u selu Bioskoj u Užičkoj Crnoj Gori Vamović, Bes, uz Skadarsko jezero, porijeklom su iz Bratonožića Vanacek, Kotor Vandup, kod Mojkovca Vanđević, u Kotoru iz Crne Gore Vanid, Herceg-Novi Vanis, vidi: Vano Vano = Vanis, Bar Vancek, Kotor Vaporić, Kotor Varaga, u Potarju (Mojkovac), potomci su saskih rudara iz 13. v. Varagić = Verović, iz limske doline preselili se oko 1700. -
Yugoslav Foreign Policy: Continuity and Changes
YUGOSLAV FOREIGN POLICY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGES PREDRAG SIMIC Predrag Simic is the Director of the Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade. INTRODUCTION Changes in Yugoslav foreign policy began towards the end of the eighties under the influence of numerous external and internal factors which called for a profound revision of the country’s foreign policy agenda in order to meet the new realities in Europe and the world. Yugoslavia emerged from World War II as a socialist country, but after conflict with the Soviet Union in 1948, it solicited the support of the West, and, finally, in the mid-fifties, it found a comfortable position as a strategic buffer between the East and West, whilst at the beginning of the sixties she likewise became one of the leading countries of the Non-Aligned Movement. The end of the Cold War changed this international position: the changes in Eastern Europe made her lose her position as a strategic buffer and marginalized the significance of the Non-Aligned Movement in international relations. The drastic internal crisis that incited centrifugal aspirations among the Yugoslav republics likewise had its effect, necessitating an immediate revision of her foreign policy towards European integration. Yugoslavia thus cautiously began approaching the European Community, but this process was suddenly shattered when civil war broke out in June 1991 and soon resulted in the secession of four Yugoslav republics and the creation of a new Federal Republic of Yugoslav (FRY) comprised only of Serbia and Montenegro. The events in Slovenia, Croatia (the Krayina) and Bosnia and the international sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council in May 1992 on the new Yugoslavia, condemning her for alleged interference in the war in Bosnia, likewise dictated changes in her foreign political agenda. -
Serbia and Montenegro Is to Reap the Full Benefits of Stabilisation and Association
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 26.3.2003 SEC(2003) 343 &200,66,2167$)):25.,1*3$3(5 6HUELDDQG0RQWHQHJUR 6WDELOLVDWLRQDQG$VVRFLDWLRQ5HSRUW >&20 ILQDO@ 6HUELDDQG0RQWHQHJUR 6WDELOLVDWLRQDQG$VVRFLDWLRQ5HSRUW 7$%/(2)&217(176 (;(&87,9(6800$5< 32/,7,&$/6,78$7,21 2.1 Democracy and rule of law......................................................................................................3 2.2. Human rights and protection of minorities............................................................................14 2.3. Regional co-operation............................................................................................................19 2.4. Priority areas needing attention in the next 12 months..........................................................25 (&2120,&6,78$7,21 3.1. Current Economic Situation ..................................................................................................26 3.2. Existence of a Free Market Economy and Structural Reform ...............................................30 3.3. Management of Public Finances............................................................................................32 3.4 Priority areas needing attention in the next 12 months..........................................................34 ,03/(0(17$7,212)7+(67$%,/,6$7,21$1'$662&,$7,21352&(66 4.1. General Evaluation ................................................................................................................34 4.2. Internal market and trade.......................................................................................................36 -
Radoje Pajović
ODNOS CRKVE I DRŽAVE U DOBA PETRA I Radoje Pajović In this article, the author gives a brief history of the Montenegrin state and the Orthodox Church from the 15th cen - tury, and pays special attention to the church-state relationship in the time of Petar I. The church and the state were in a person - al union, and the high priests were at the same time military leaders who chaired the state assembly. In relation to the titles given to Montenegrin bishops, he distinguishes between the terms vladika and metropolitan. Padom pod osmansku vlast, krajem XV vijeka, teritorija Crne Gore je faktički podijeljena na četiri oblasti: 1) tzv. podlovćensku Crnu Goru, 2) Sedmoro brda, 3) tzv. Crnogorsku Hercegovinu i 4) Crnogorsko primorje. Početkom XVI vijeka, podlovćenska Crna Gora, u literaturi poznatija, iako ne baš opravdano, kao Stara Crna Gora, bila je podijeljena na sedam nahija: Lješansku, Župu Malonšići, Pje - šivce, Cetinje, Katunsku (koja je nastala diobom nahije Pje - šivci), Riječku i Crmničku. Krajem XVI vijeka Bjelopavlići su uništili Malonšiće, tako da su oni nestali i kao pleme i kao na - hija. U XVII i XVIII vijeku Cetinje i Pješivci su se integrisali u Katunsku nahiju, tako da je slobodna Crna Gora u doba Petra I www. maticacrnogorska.me MATICA, br. 81, proljeće 2020. 425 Radoje Pajović bila organizovana u četiri nahije: Katunsku (Čevo, Cuce, Bjelice, Ćeklići, Njeguši, Cetinje – Bajice, Pješivci, Komani i Zagarač), Riječku (Ceklin, Kosijeri, Dobrsko Selo i Ljubotinj), Crmničku (Podgor, Brčeli, Dupilo, Gluhi Do, Sotonići, Limljani, Boljevići) i Lješansku nahiju. Sedmoro brda su obuhvatala: Bjelopavliće, Pipere, Kuče, Bratonožiće, Rovca, Moraču i Vasojeviće.