SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 49: 1-152 Acanthaceae of Bolivia by Dieter C. Wasshausen and J. R. I. Wood Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2004 ABSTRACT Wasshausen, Dieter C., and J. R. I. Wood. Acanthaceae of Bolivia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 49: 152 pages (including 42 figures).—Recent fieldwork in Bolivia has resulted in the recognition of 180 species in 36 genera of Acanthaceae. The purpose of this taxonomic treatment is to discuss, in alphabetical order, all the known Bolivian species of the family, and as such, this work is a ready reference for botanists, so that they may identify their collections of acanthaceous plants or use the keys for detecting further undescribed species. Except for brief discussions to indicate possible relationships of the novelties to allied species, no phylogenetic inferences within the family have been made. A full list of synonyms for the Bolivian species and those of adjoining countries has been prepared. Keys, species descriptions, and specimen distribution data is provided. When available, illustrations, ecological and conservation data have been included. Two new species of Dicliptera, D. palmariensis and D. purpurascens are described and illustrated, and Lepidagathis alverezia is a new combination. The following 26 names are lectotypified: Ancylogyne peruviana, Aphelandra albadenia, Aphelandra simplex, Arrhostoxylum haenkeanum, Beloperone denudata, Beloperone matthewsii, Beleperone nodicaulis, Chaetochlamys ciliata, Chaetochlamys macrosiphon, Chaetothylax boliviensis, Chaetothylax tocantinus, Dicliptera pohliana, Dicliptera seriacea, Dicliptera squarrosa, Geissomeria tetragona, Justicia diamantina, Justicia dubiosa, Justicia yurimaguensis, Leptostachya parviflora, Mendoncia meyeniana, Orthotactus strobilacea, Pachystachys lutea, Porphyrocoma lanceolata, Ruellia glischrocalyx, Ruellia haenkeana, and Stephanophysum ruizianum. KEY WORDS: Acanthaceae, Bolivia, Nomenclature, Taxonomy. DATE OF PUBLICATION: May 2004 Cover Design by Alice Tangerini: front, habit of Suessenguthia wenzelii Schmidt-Lebuhn illustrated by ART; back, detail of Aphelandra castanifolia Britton ex Rusby illustrated by Cathy Pasquale, and Dyschorista boliviana Wassh. & J.R.I.Wood illustrated by ART. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium (ISSN 0097-1618) Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-166, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. The periodical, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, was first published in 1890 by The United States Department of Agriculture. From 1 July 1902 forward it was published as a Bulletin of the United States National Museum. The series was discontinued after volume 38 (1974), and has been revived with volume 39 (2000) as a venue for publishing longer taxonomic papers, checklists, floras, and monographs, produced by the staff and associates at the U.S. National Herbarium. It is externally peer reviewed, and published at irregular intervals. Subscription and other correspondence should be addressed to CUSNH, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA e-mail: [email protected]. The present issue is available for free while supplies last. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. 5 TAXONOMIC TREATMENT OF ACANTHACEAE ..................................................... 6 KEY TO THE GENERA........................................................................................ 6 CATALOGUE OF THE BOLIVIAN SPECIES OF ACANTHACEAE Acanthura............................................................................................................ 10 Acanthus .............................................................................................................. 10 Anisacanthus ....................................................................................................... 10 Aphelandra.......................................................................................................... 14 Asystasia .............................................................................................................. 19 Blechum ............................................................................................................... 19 Dicliptera ............................................................................................................. 21 Dyschoriste .......................................................................................................... 29 Elytraria .............................................................................................................. 33 Eranthemum ....................................................................................................... 33 Fittonia ............................................................................................................... 35 Geissomeria ......................................................................................................... 35 Hemigraphis........................................................................................................ 38 Herpetacanthus................................................................................................... 38 Hygrophila .......................................................................................................... 38 Hypoestes............................................................................................................. 41 Justicia ............................................................................................................... 41 Lepidagathis........................................................................................................ 85 Mendoncia ........................................................................................................... 88 Nelsonia ............................................................................................................... 92 Odontonema ........................................................................................................ 92 Oplonia ............................................................................................................... 95 Pachystachys ....................................................................................................... 95 Pranceacanthus................................................................................................... 96 Pesuderanthemum.............................................................................................. 99 Pulchranthus ....................................................................................................... 99 Ruellia ............................................................................................................. 101 Sanchezia ........................................................................................................... 120 Schaueria ........................................................................................................... 121 Staurogyne......................................................................................................... 121 Stenandrium...................................................................................................... 123 Stenostephanus ................................................................................................. 126 Streblacanthus .................................................................................................. 135 Suessenguthia.................................................................................................... 137 Tetramerium ..................................................................................................... 142 Thunbergia ........................................................................................................ 142 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................. 145 INDEX TO FIGURES .................................................................................................... 146 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES ................................................................................ 147 Acanthaceae of Bolivia 5 Acanthaceae of Bolivia Dieter C. Wasshausen1 and J. R. I. Wood2 INTRODUCTION The Acanthaceae are a large and diverse The major economic importance of the family pantropical family consisting of approximately is horticultural. Species of Acanthus, Aphelandra, 240 genera and 3250 species. In the New World Eranthemum, Hemigraphis, Hypoestes, Justicia, there are approximately 85 genera and 2000 known Odontonema, Thunbergia, and some other genera species. The two largest neotropical genera, are sometimes cultivated as ornamentals. Of these, Justicia (350-600 species) and Ruellia