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Lista Anotada De Las Plantas Vasculares Registradas En La Región De Madidi

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Lista Anotada De Las Plantas Vasculares Registradas En La Región De Madidi Ecología en Bolivia, Vol. 40(3): 70-169, Diciembre de 2005. P.M. Jørgensen et al. Lista anotada de las plantas vasculares registradas en la región de Madidi P.M. Jørgensen1, M.J. Macía2, A. Fuentes1,3, S.G. Beck3, M. Kessler4, N. Paniagua1,3, R. Seidel1,3, C. Maldonado1,3, A. Araujo-Murakami1,3, L. Cayola1,3, T. Consiglio1, T.J. Killeen1, W.H. Cabrera1,3, F. Bascopé1,3, D. De la Quintana1,3, T. Miranda1,3, F. Canqui1,3 & V. Cardona-Peña1,3 1Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, USA; [email protected] 2Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, España. [email protected] 3Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Casilla 10077, La Paz, Bolivia. 4Herbarium, Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany Resumen Se presenta la primera lista anotada de la región de Madidi que incluye tres áreas protegidas: Parque Nacional Madidi (18.854 km2), Reserva de la Biosfera y Territorio Indígena Pilón Lajas (4.027 km2), Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Apolobamba (4.765 km2), y una gran área alrededor de estas áreas (83.434 km2). La lista anotada se elaboró en base a las 23.515 colecciones botánicas con coordenadas geográficas. El número total de especies fue de 3.981, en 1.360 géneros y 211 familias. Debido al escaso número de colecciones en las áreas, el inventario es todavía desigual ya que el número de especies encontrado en Madidi fue 2.741, en Apolobamba 570 y en Pilón-Lajas solamente 231. Las áreas alrededor de los parques contienen un total de 2.034 especies. Las familias más diversas fueron Fabaceae con 231 especies (incluyendo Caesalpiniaceae y Mimosaceae), Rubiaceae con 208 y Asteraceae con 165. La mayoría de las familias más diversas coinciden con otras listas anotadas del Neotrópico. Los géneros más diversos fueron Miconia (71 especies), Solanum (58) y Elaphoglossum (56). Sorprendentemente ningún género de Orchidaceae estuvo entre los 15 más diversos. Se estima que el área de Madidi contiene 250 familias, más de 2.000 géneros y probablemente más de 8.000 especies. Se necesita un mínimo de 85.000 colectas adicionales para tener un inventario completo. Palabras clave: Bolivia, Madidi, Apolobamba, Pilón Lajas, Lista anotada, Fitodiversidad. Abstract We here present the first checklist of the larger Madidi region. The area includes the three National Parks Madidi, Apolobamba, and Pilón-Lajas plus a significant area surrounding the parks. The list was constructed from 23,515 collections with coordinates. The total number of species was 3,981 contained in 1,360 genera and 211 families. The inventory is still uneven and the number of species recorded for the National Parks were 2,741 for the Madidi Park, 570 for the Apolobamba, and only 231 for the Pilón-Lajas. Areas surrounding the parks housed a total of 2,034 species. We found the most diverse families to be Fabaceae with 231 species (incl. Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae), followed by Rubiaceae with 208, and Asteraceae with 165. Most of the diverse families coincide with other Neotropical checklists. The most diverse genera were Miconia (71 species), Solanum (58), and Elaphoglossum (56). It was surprising that no Orchidaceae genus made it into the 15 most 70 Lista anotada de las plantas vasculares registradas en la región de Madidi specious genera. We estimate the area to contain 250 families, more than 2,000 genera and probably more than 8,000 species. An additional 85,000 collections are probably needed to claim a complete inventory. Keywords: Bolivia, Madidi, Apolobamba, Pilón Lajas, Checklist, Plant diversity Introducción Madidi es el área de mayor diversidad biológica en Bolivia (e.g. Dinerstein et al. 1995, Davis et El inventario florístico de la región Madidi al. 1997, Killeen sin año, Foster & Gentry 1991a, comenzó por interés de cuatro instituciones: 1991b, Foster et al. 1991). Ello se debe a su Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Real Jardín ubicación al norte del país en una zona de Botánico de Madrid (España), Departamento de contacto entre grandes regiones biogeográficas, Botánica Sistemática de la Universidad de al enorme gradiente altitudinal, su variada Aarhus (Dinamarca) y Jardín Botánico de topografía en los distintos hábitats y a los Missouri, St. Louis (MO, Estados Unidos). Las numerosos tipos de vegetación existentes en tres instituciones extranjeras enviaron solicitudes estos ambientes (Killeen sin año, Fuentes en casi simultáneamente a diferentes fuentes para este volumen). Estudios anteriores en la región buscar subvención sobre el proyecto. El Real de Madidi estimaron que contenía unas 5.000 Jardín Botánico (MA) fue el primero en lograr especies de plantas vasculares (Killeen 1997). una respuesta positiva de la Comunidad de El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la Madrid (España) en el año 2000. En el 2001, la primera lista anotada de las plantas vasculares Fundación Nacional de Ciencias de Estados registradas en la región de Madidi. La Unidos (National Science Foundation, NSF) importancia de estas listas es primordial para aprobó financiar la parte del Jardín Botánico de conocer en forma pormenorizada cómo es la Missouri y además en 2002, obtuvo riqueza y qué especies de plantas vasculares financiamiento del fondo Taylor para componen los distintos hábitats, así como para investigación ecológica. A mediados de 2003, el cualquier tipo de inventario florístico (botánico, Departamento de Botánica Sistemática de la forestal, agronómico) que se lleve a cabo en el Universidad de Aarhus, junto al Instituto de área o para cualquier tipo de manejo potencial Ecología de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés que se pueda realizar en las regiones protegidas. y otras instituciones ecuatorianas obtuvieron Para preservar la naturaleza hay que conocer financiamiento del programa ENRECA de las especies que componen los hábitats y Danida para su proyecto “Biodiversidad de mediante el manejo ordenado de las especies y Especies Económicamente Importantes de los sus hábitats se contribuye a su conservación. Andes tropicales - Una Colaboración entre Bolivia, Ecuador y Dinamarca” en Bolivia. Área de estudio, materiales y métodos La región de Madidi incluye tres áreas protegidas: Parque Nacional Madidi (18.854 El área de estudio está limitada en la parte km2), Reserva de la Biosfera y Territorio boliviana por un rectángulo que encierra a las Indígena Pilón Lajas (4.027 km2), Área Natural tres áreas protegidas. Queda delimitada por de Manejo Integrado Apolobamba (4.765 km2) las coordenadas 12º25’48”S 66º39’36”W, y sus alrededores (83.434 km2). Las tres áreas 12º25’48”S 69º27’36”W, 15º43’12”S 66º39’36”W protegidas ocupan una superficie de 27.646 y 15º43’12”S 69º27’36”W. El rectángulo cubre km2 y son las áreas donde se ha trabajado con aproximadamente 111.000 km2 y se encuentra más intensidad al norte de Bolivia. La región mayormente en territorio boliviano. 71 P.M. Jørgensen et al. Las colecciones botánicas, que son la base que un género o una familia estuvieran de la presente lista anotada de las plantas presentes en el área pero sin una identificación vasculares, se realizaron en su mayoría por los precisa con nombre científico completo (género investigadores y estudiantes que son parte de + epíteto) que lo representara, solo se incluyó la este trabajo, como participantes de los proyectos información relativa a ese taxón, mencionados anteriormente. Todos los considerándolo como una sola especie. Por especímenes colectados fueron incorporados ejemplo, si un género tuvo tres especies y dos en el sistema informático Tropicos, desarrollado morfoespecies solamente se contaron las tres y actualizado por Missouri Botanical Garden especies. En el caso de géneros que solo tuvieron (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ morfoespecies, se incluyó únicamente el género vast.html, http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/ para registrar su presencia. Se puede decir que Search/madidi/madidifr.html, http:// los datos de diversidad presentados en este mobot1.mobot.org/website/madidi/). La base artículo son los valores mínimos de la región y de datos fue completada con las siguientes que con seguridad van a aumentar según se fuentes: (1) Información de las colecciones vayan realizando más colectas botánicas en el botánicas de expediciones anteriores en el área, campo y se avance con las identificaciones. como por ejemplo las de D.N. Smith, J.C. Hemos usado la fórmula de Chao (1984) [Sest = Solomon, T. Killeen, y A. Gentry; (2) colectas Sobs + (a2/2b), donde Sest = número estimado históricas realizadas en la primera mitad del de especies, Sobs = número observado de siglo XX, por ejemplo las de M. Bang, R.S. especies, a = número de especies encontradas Williams, G. Mandon y H.H. Rusby (aunque en una sola vez y b = número de especies estos casos la información es incompleta). (3) encontradas dos veces] para estimar el número datos de colectas existentes en el área de la base total de especies en el área inventariada hasta de datos del Herbario Nacional de Bolivia y (4) la fecha. la base de datos con las colecciones de helechos elaborada por M. Kessler. En total se cuenta Resultados con 23.515 colecciones botánicas georeferenciadas obtenidas en el área de Las 23.515 colecciones incluidas en el análisis estudio. representaron a 211 familias, 1.360 géneros y Se utilizó un sistema de información 3.981 especies (Anexo 1). Del total de geográfica (SIG) sencillo compuesto por dos colecciones, 13.700 (58.3%) fueron realizadas variables. La primera, es un mapa de vegetación por los miembros del proyecto Madidi en los preliminar elaborado por el Departamento de últimos tres años. El Parque Nacional Madidi Geografía del Museo Noel Kempff Mercado es la región donde se ha realizado el mayor (Santa Cruz) en base a un modelo digital de número de colecciones botánicas y también imágenes de satélite del área y sus altitudes.
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