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Sinopsis De La Familia Acanthaceae En El Perú

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Revista Forestal del Perú, 34 (1): 21 - 40, (2019) ISSN 0556-6592 (Versión impresa) / ISSN 2523-1855 (Versión electrónica) © Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima-Perú DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/rfp.v34i1.1282 Sinopsis de la familia Acanthaceae en el Perú A synopsis of the family Acanthaceae in Peru Rosa M. Villanueva-Espinoza1, * y Florangel M. Condo1 Recibido: 03 marzo 2019 | Aceptado: 28 abril 2019 | Publicado en línea: 30 junio 2019 Citación: Villanueva-Espinoza, RM; Condo, FM. 2019. Sinopsis de la familia Acanthaceae en el Perú. Revista Forestal del Perú 34(1): 21-40. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/rfp.v34i1.1282 Resumen La familia Acanthaceae en el Perú solo ha sido revisada por Brako y Zarucchi en 1993, desde en- tonces, se ha generado nueva información sobre esta familia. El presente trabajo es una sinopsis de la familia Acanthaceae donde cuatro subfamilias (incluyendo Avicennioideae) y 38 géneros son reconocidos. El tratamiento de cada género incluye su distribución geográfica, número de especies, endemismo y carácteres diagnósticos. Un total de ocho nombres (Juruasia Lindau, Lo­ phostachys Pohl, Teliostachya Nees, Streblacanthus Kuntze, Blechum P. Browne, Habracanthus Nees, Cylindrosolenium Lindau, Hansteinia Oerst.) son subordinados como sinónimos y, tres especies endémicas son adicionadas para el país. Palabras clave: Acanthaceae, actualización, morfología, Perú, taxonomía Abstract The family Acanthaceae in Peru has just been reviewed by Brako and Zarruchi in 1993, since then, new information about this family has been generated. The present work is a synopsis of family Acanthaceae where four subfamilies (includying Avicennioideae) and 38 genera are recognized. Treatment of each genus includes description, geographical distribution, number of species, ende- mism and diagnostic characters. A total of eight names (Juruasia Lindau, Lophostachys Pohl, Te­ liostachya Nees, Streblacanthus Kuntze, Blechum P. Browne, Habracanthus Nees, Cylindrosolenium Lindau, Hansteinia Oerst) are subordinated as synonyms and, three endemics species are added to the country. Key words: Acanthaceae, update, morphology, Peru, taxonomy 1 División de Ecología Vegetal - CORBIDI, Lima, Perú. * Autor de Correspondencia: [email protected] 21 Enero-Junio 2019 Sinopsis de la familia Acanthaceae en el Perú Introducción principal de este trabajo es presentar un pa- norama general de la familia Acanthaceae en La familia Acanthaceae está representada el Perú, incluyendo su última clasificación y el por especies con flores conspicuas y un atrac- número actualizado de géneros y especies. Asi- tivo follaje como Acanthus mollis L., Aphelan­ mismo, proporcionar datos sobre la distribu- dra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl. y Sanchezia ción, el número de especies endémicas y carac- speciosa Leonard, ampliamente solicitadas en teres diagnósticos de los géneros peruanos. los invernaderos y presentando un alto val- or ornamental (Leonard 1951, Durkee 1986). Historia Taxonómica Además, Acanthaceae cumple un importante rol ecológico al poseer un amplio rango de A lo largo de la historia, la familia Acan- adaptaciones ecológicas y formas florales rel- thaceae ha sufrido una serie de cambios con acionadas con una gran diversidad de sín- respecto a su posición taxonómica. A nivel dromes de polinización y cambios de poliniza- inter-familiar, Acanthaceae ha sido ubicada dor (Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007, Daniel y Lott en diferentes órdenes, los primeros botánicos 2016). consideraron a Acanthaceae dentro del Orden Tubiflorae junto con Solanaceae, Bignoniaceae, Las Acanthaceae, con aproximadamente entre otros (Lindau 1895, Engler y Diels 1936, 4750 especies y 190 géneros, es una de las 12 Melchior 1964). En base a la corola zigomór- familias de angiospermas más diversas en el fica, reducción progresiva del número de es- mundo (Tripp y Fatimah 2012, Daniel y Mc- tambres y filotaxis opuesta, Hutchinson (1973) Dade 2014). A lo largo del Neotrópico, Acan- incluyó a Acanthaceae en el Orden Personales, thaceae posee una gran riqueza de especies sin embargo, fue ubicada en el Orden Scrophu- siendo México y Centro América, las porciones lariales bajo el sistema de Takhtajan (1987). mejores inventariadas. Asimismo, América del Cronquist (1988) mantuvo a Acanthaceae en Sur es considerada como una zona rica en es- este orden, diferenciándola de Scrophularia- pecies, principalmente la parte norte de Argen- ceae por la dehiscencia exclusiva de los fru- tina, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia y tos y funículo especializado. Posteriormente, Perú (Tripp y Luján 2018). Thorne (1992) incluyó a Acanthaceae en el Or- En el Perú, la familia Acanthaceae carece de den Bignoniales colocando a Acanthaceae en una revisión general al no ser incluida en Flora el suborden Bignonineae. of Perú (MacBride 1936-1962). Sin embargo, En base a datos moleculares, Olmstead et en el Catálogo de Angiospermas y Gimnosper- al. (1993) incluyó a Acanthaceae en el orden mas del Perú (Brako y Zarucchi 1993) se repor- Lamiales junto a Scrophulariaceae, Callitricha- taron 262 especies y 39 géneros de Acanthaceae ceae, etc. Otros autores siguieron esta clasifi- para el país. Desde entonces, producto de re- cación (Thorne 2007, Takhtajan 2009, Reveal visiones taxonómicas de esta familia en países 2012), así como, el sistema de clasificación aledaños (Leonard 1951, Wasshausen y Wood filogenético de APG. En la actualidad, el APG 2004, Wasshausen 2013a), tratamientos reci- IV (2016) mantiene a Acanthaceae en el Orden entes de géneros Neotropicales (Ezcurra 1993, Lamiales, cuyos caracteres diagnósticos son 2002; Schmidt-Lebuhn 2003; Wasshausen y la presencia de hojas opuestas, flores mayor- Wood 2004; Daniel y McDade 2014; Kamey- mente zigomórficas, tricomas glandulares con ama 2008; Côrtes 2013; Tripp y Koenemann células radiales, flavonoides, oligosacáridos 2015; Daniel 2016) y exploraciones en el Perú cornósidos y verbascósidos (Stevens 2017). (Wasshausen 1996, 1997a, 2006, 2013b) se han reportado nuevos registros y especies que han ido contribuyendo al conocimiento taxonómi- Clasificación Intrafamiliar co de la familia. Sin embargo, no exis te una lit- La primera descripción de los géneros de eratura con los datos actualizados de la familia Acanthaceae fue publicada por Linneo (1753a, Acanthaceae para el país. Por ello, el objetivo 1753b) en su clásico “Species Plantarum”, entre 22 Vol. 34 (1): 21 - 40 Revista Forestal del Perú los que destacan Acanthus L., Avicennia L., Di­ y McDade et al. (2000b) quienes demostraron anthera L. y Justicia L. Posteriormente, Jussieu que Thunbergia, Nelsonioideae y Mendoncia no (1789) clasificó a Acanthaceae en dos grupos: pueden ser separados de Acanthaceae como los que poseen dos estambres, conformado por lo menciona Bremekamp (1965). Scotland y los géneros Justicia y Dianthera; y los de cuatro Vollesen (2000) incluyeron a Mendoncioi deae estambres “didínamos”, constituido por Acan­ y Ruellioideae en Thunbergioideae y Acan- thus L., Dilivaria Juss., Blepharis Juss., Thun­ thoideae, respectivamente. Por consiguiente, bergia Retz., Barleria L. y Ruellia L. En base Acanthaceae solo estuvo conformada por tres a la presencia o ausencia del retináculo, Nees subfamilias: (1) Nelsonioideae, (2) Thunber- (1847) reconoció dos subórdenes: Anechmata- gioideae y (3) Acanthoideae. Asimismo, su- cantheae y Echmatacantheae. Algunas de las girieron localizar al género Avicennia en la tribus de Echmatacantheae se convirtieron familia Acanthaceae. En base a caracteres mor- en rango de subtribus o géneros dentro de la fológicos y datos moleculares, Schwarzbach tribu Justicieae, según la clasificación de Ben- y McDade (2002) sustentaron la inclusión de tham (1876) que reconoció 5 tribus en Acan- Avicennia L. en Acanthaceae y posteriormente, thaceae. Clarke (1885) siguió la clasificación Thorne (2007) dilucidó su posición convirtién- de Bentham, sin embargo, varió el número de dola en la cuarta subfamilia de Acanthaceae. subtribus que conformaban la tribu Ruellieae y Actualmente, Acanthaceae está conformada Justicieae. por 4 subfamilias: (1) Thunbergioideae, (2) Lindau (1895) en base al tipo de fruto, núme- Nelsonioideae, (3) Acanthoideae y (4) Avicen- ro de óvulos y presencia/ausencia de retinácu- nioideae (Tripp y McDade 2014). En la Figura lo divide a Acanthaceae en cuatro subfami- 1, se grafica los cambios taxonómicos que ha lias: (1) Nelsonioideae, (2) Thumbergioideae, sufrido Acanthaceae. (3) Acanthoideae y (4) Mendoncioideae. Van Tieghem (1908), sustentó que Acanthaceae Morfología solo estaba representada por Acanthoideae in- Acanthaceae se puede distinguir por las ho- cluyendo las otras subfami lias en Thunbergia- jas opuestas decusadas, nudos hinchados, línea ceae. Sin embargo, Wettstein (1924) consideró estas subfamilias como tribus y las localizó en interpeciolar más o menos marcada, presencia Thunbergioideae, presentando Acanthaceae de brácteas y/o bractéolas conspicuas, fruto dos subfamilias: (1) Acanthoideae y (2) Thun- cápsula, y carencia de caracteres organolépti- bergioideae. Posteriormente, Bremekamp cos como olor o látex. La mayoría de especies (1965) excluiría los géneros que carecían de son de porte herbáceo o arbustivo, pocos son semillas con retináculo reconociendo dos sub- los géneros que presentan especies arbóreas ya familias: (1) Acanthoideae y (2) Ruellioideae. sean árboles pequeños (Suessenguthia Merxm., Cronquist (1988), excluyó el género Nelsonia Bravaisia DC. y Trichanthera Kunth) o grandes R. Br. de Scrophulariaceae
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    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 503 THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY NANCY VANDER VELDE ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. AUGUST 2003 Uliga Figure 1. Majuro Atoll THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ABSTRACT Majuro Atoll has been a center of activity for the Marshall Islands since 1944 and is now the major population center and port of entry for the country. Previous to the accompanying study, no thorough documentation has been made of the vascular plants of Majuro Atoll. There were only reports that were either part of much larger discussions on the entire Micronesian region or the Marshall Islands as a whole, and were of a very limited scope. Previous reports by Fosberg, Sachet & Oliver (1979, 1982, 1987) presented only 115 vascular plants on Majuro Atoll. In this study, 563 vascular plants have been recorded on Majuro. INTRODUCTION The accompanying report presents a complete flora of Majuro Atoll, which has never been done before. It includes a listing of all species, notation as to origin (i.e. indigenous, aboriginal introduction, recent introduction), as well as the original range of each. The major synonyms are also listed. For almost all, English common names are presented. Marshallese names are given, where these were found, and spelled according to the current spelling system, aside from limitations in diacritic markings. A brief notation of location is given for many of the species. The entire list of 563 plants is provided to give the people a means of gaining a better understanding of the nature of the plants of Majuro Atoll.
  • UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA COORDINACIÓN GENERAL ACADÉMICA Coordinación De Bibliotecas Biblioteca Digital

    UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA COORDINACIÓN GENERAL ACADÉMICA Coordinación De Bibliotecas Biblioteca Digital

    UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA COORDINACIÓN GENERAL ACADÉMICA Coordinación de Bibliotecas Biblioteca Digital La presente tesis es publicada a texto completo en virtud de que el autor ha dado su autorización por escrito para la incorporación del documento a la Biblioteca Digital y al Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Guadalajara, esto sin sufrir menoscabo sobre sus derechos como autor de la obra y los usos que posteriormente quiera darle a la misma. Av. Hidalgo 935, Colonia Centro, C.P. 44100, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México [email protected] - Tel. 31 34 22 77 ext. 11959 UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA Centro Universitario de los Lagos Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología “Evaluación del efecto ansiolítico del extracto metanólico de hojas de Justicia spicigera (Schltdl.) y sus fracciones en ratas hembra en las fases de proestro- estro”. TESIS PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA CON ORIENTACIÓN EN BIOMÉDICA PRESENTA: IBQ. ANA RAQUEL RAMOS MOLINA Director de tesis: Dr. en C. Cesar Soria Fregozo Codirector de tesis: Dr. en C. Armando Mora Pérez Lagos de Moreno, Jal., junio de 2019. II El presente trabajo se realizó en el laboratorio de Ciencias Biomédicas (Área Histología y Psicobiología) y Síntesis de Química Orgánica del Centro Universitario de los Lagos de la Universidad de Guadalajara, bajo la Dirección del Dr. Cesar Soria Fregozo y la Co-Dirección del Dr. Armando Mora Pérez. El proyecto recibió apoyo financiero parcial del PROGRAMA DE APOYO A LA MEJORA EN LAS CONDICIONES DE PRODUCCIÓN DE LOS MIEMBROS DEL SNI Y SNCA (PRO-SNI) convocatoria 2017 y 2018. Durante la realización del presente trabajo Ana Raquel Ramos Molina recibió una beca del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) para estudios de posgrado con número de registro CVU 855016.
  • Downloaded and Set As out Groups Genes

    Downloaded and Set As out Groups Genes

    Alzahrani et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:393 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06798-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Barleria prionitis, comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetic relationships among Acanthoideae Dhafer A. Alzahrani1, Samaila S. Yaradua1,2*, Enas J. Albokhari1,3 and Abidina Abba1 Abstract Background: The plastome of medicinal and endangered species in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Barleria prionitis was sequenced. The plastome was compared with that of seven Acanthoideae species in order to describe the plastome, spot the microsatellite, assess the dissimilarities within the sampled plastomes and to infer their phylogenetic relationships. Results: The plastome of B. prionitis was 152,217 bp in length with Guanine-Cytosine and Adenine-Thymine content of 38.3 and 61.7% respectively. It is circular and quadripartite in structure and constitute of a large single copy (LSC, 83, 772 bp), small single copy (SSC, 17, 803 bp) and a pair of inverted repeat (IRa and IRb 25, 321 bp each). 131 genes were identified in the plastome out of which 113 are unique and 18 were repeated in IR region. The genome consists of 4 rRNA, 30 tRNA and 80 protein-coding genes. The analysis of long repeat showed all types of repeats were present in the plastome and palindromic has the highest frequency. A total number of 98 SSR were also identified of which mostly were mononucleotide Adenine-Thymine and are located at the non coding regions. Comparative genomic analysis among the plastomes revealed that the pair of the inverted repeat is more conserved than the single copy region.