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Puerto Rico Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy 2005

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Puerto Rico Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy 2005 Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico PUERTO RICO COMPREHENSIVE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION STRATEGY 2005 Miguel A. García José A. Cruz-Burgos Eduardo Ventosa-Febles Ricardo López-Ortiz ii Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Financial support for the completion of this initiative was provided to the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DNER) by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Federal Assistance Office. Special thanks to Mr. Michael L. Piccirilli, Ms. Nicole Jiménez-Cooper, Ms. Emily Jo Williams, and Ms. Christine Willis from the USFWS, Region 4, for their support through the preparation of this document. Thanks to the colleagues that participated in the Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) Steering Committee: Mr. Ramón F. Martínez, Mr. José Berríos, Mrs. Aida Rosario, Mr. José Chabert, and Dr. Craig Lilyestrom for their collaboration in different aspects of this strategy. Other colleagues from DNER also contributed significantly to complete this document within the limited time schedule: Ms. María Camacho, Mr. Ramón L. Rivera, Ms. Griselle Rodríguez Ferrer, Mr. Alberto Puente, Mr. José Sustache, Ms. María M. Santiago, Mrs. María de Lourdes Olmeda, Mr. Gustavo Olivieri, Mrs. Vanessa Gautier, Ms. Hana Y. López-Torres, Mrs. Carmen Cardona, and Mr. Iván Llerandi-Román. Also, special thanks to Mr. Juan Luis Martínez from the University of Puerto Rico, for designing the cover of this document. A number of collaborators participated in earlier revisions of this CWCS: Mr. Fernando Nuñez-García, Mr. José Berríos, Dr. Craig Lilyestrom, Mr. Miguel Figuerola and Mr. Leopoldo Miranda. A special recognition goes to the authors and collaborators of the supporting documents, particularly, Regulation No. 6766, Law 241-New Wildlife Law of Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rico Critical Wildlife Areas. iii Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................ x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 1 Background.......................................................................................... 1 Objective.............................................................................................. 5 Expected Results and Benefits............................................................ 5 Approach ............................................................................................. 5 Eight Required Elements..................................................................... 6 II. SPECIES OF CONSERVATION PRIORITY (ELEMENT 1) ..................... 8 Species and Actions for Prioritization................................................... 10 Status and Protection of Species of Greatest Conservation Need....... 11 Marine Mammals....................................................................... 11 Terrestrial Mammals ................................................................. 16 Birds.......................................................................................... 20 Reptiles ..................................................................................... 44 Amphibians ............................................................................... 50 Freshwater Fishes..................................................................... 55 Saltwater Fishes........................................................................ 60 Invertebrates ............................................................................. 65 III. HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION NEEDS FOR PRIORITY SPECIES (ELEMENTS 2 & 3)................................................. 74 Puerto Rico GAP Analysis ................................................................... 74 DNER Natural Heritage Program......................................................... 81 IV. IDENTIFIYING STRESSORS/THREATS TO PUERTO RICO WILDLIFE (ELEMENT 3)............................................................................................ 83 V. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES FOR PUERTO RICO CWCS (ELEMENT 4)............................................................................................ 88 iv Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico Development of Strong Private Lands Program……………………… .. 88 Strengthening of the Existing Natural Heritage Program ..................... 89 Identification of Waterfowl Focus Areas............................................... 90 Identification of Critical Wildlife Areas.................................................. 94 Comprehensive Land Use Plan ........................................................... 103 VI. HABITATS OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED (ELEMENT 2)............................................................................................ 107 Terrestrial Habitats .............................................................................. 107 General..................................................................................... 107 Caves........................................................................................ 107 Freshwater Habitats............................................................................. 108 General..................................................................................... 108 Rivers and Streams................................................................... 108 Reservoirs................................................................................. 109 Artificial Freshwater Bodies....................................................... 109 Lagoons.................................................................................... 109 Initiatives to identified areas of greatest conservation need................. 111 Natural Heritage Program......................................................... 111 Critical Wildlife Areas................................................................ 115 Other Sources of Information............................................................... 131 Wildlife Conservation Areas Selection and Forest Type, and Land Cover Geographic Shape, Location, and Description ...... 131 VII. MONITORING AND ADAPTATION OF CONSERVATION ACTIONS (ELEMENT 5)............................................................................................ 138 Monitoring approaches ........................................................................ 138 Wildlife Permits .................................................................................... 138 Game species...................................................................................... 139 Threatened and Endangered Species ................................................. 139 Habitat Conservation and Protection ................................................... 139 Technical Assistance for Wildlife Conservation in Puerto Rico . 140 Safe Harbor Agreements .......................................................... 141 Natural Heritage Program......................................................... 141 Puerto Rico Conservation Trust................................................ 142 Ciudadanos del Carso............................................................... 142 Adaptive Management......................................................................... 142 Portals of Information on the DNER Web page ................................... 144 VIII. REVISIONS TO THE CWCS - 10 YEARS (ELEMENT 6) ...................... 145 IX. COORDINATION OF DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, REVIEW, AND REVISION (ELEMENTS 7 & 8) ...................................... 146 v Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico History.................................................................................................. 146 Coordination ……………………………………………………………….. 146 Agencies and Organizations that Provided Input................................. 147 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................... 148 APPENDIX I – Categories and Definitions………………………………………. 155 APPENDIX II – List of Acronyms……………………………………………........ 163 vi Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1 Number of species per each taxon included in Regulation No. 6766 as species of conservation priority ........................................................... 9 2 Number of species per taxon included in the CWCS as species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) .................................................................... 11 3 Threat categories and classes used for Puerto Rico Critical Wildlife Conservation Strategy ......................................................................... 87 4 Puerto Rico Waterfowl Focus Areas, Sub-Focus Areas and Municipalities ............................................................................... 93 5 Puerto Rico Critical Wildlife Areas (2005) and their respective localities (Municipalities) ........................................................................................ 97 6 Land cover and land use classification scheme..................................
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