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Visual Culture in Communist Albania: Photography and Photographers at the Time of the Stockmann-Sokoli Expedition (1957) Gilles Rapper (De)

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Visual Culture in Communist Albania: Photography and Photographers at the Time of the Stockmann-Sokoli Expedition (1957) Gilles Rapper (De) Visual Culture in Communist Albania: Photography and Photographers at the Time of the Stockmann-Sokoli Expedition (1957) Gilles Rapper (de) To cite this version: Gilles Rapper (de). Visual Culture in Communist Albania: Photography and Photographers at the Time of the Stockmann-Sokoli Expedition (1957). Eckehard Pistrick. Deutsch-Albanische Wis- senschaftsbeziehungen hinter dem Eisernen Vorhang, 39, Harrassowitz Verlag, pp.113-128, 2016, Al- banische Forschungen. halshs-01368548 HAL Id: halshs-01368548 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01368548 Submitted on 13 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Albanische Forschungen Begründet von Georg Stadtmüller Für das Albanien-Institut herausgegeben von Peter Bartl unter Mitwirkung von Bardhyl Demiraj, Titos Jochalas und Oliver Jens Schmitt Band 39 2016 Harrassowitz Verlag . Wiesbaden Deutsch-Albanische Wissenschaftsbeziehungen hinter dem Eisernen Vorhang Herausgegeben von Eckehard Pistrick 2016 Harrassowitz Verlag . Wiesbaden Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Martin Camaj Gesellschaft e.V. Bibliograische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliograie; detaillierte bibliograische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliograie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de Informationen zum Verlagsprogramm inden Sie unter http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden 2016 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen jeder Art, Übersetzungen, Mikroverilmungen und für die Einspeicherung in elektronische Systeme. Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier. Druck und Verarbeitung: Hubert & Co., Göttingen Printed in Germany ISSN 0568-8957 ISBN 978-3-447-10650-4 Inhaltă Hellmut Hofmann, Botschafter der BRD in Albanien Grußwortă.........................................................................................................................ăă 9ă ă Eckehard Pistrick Einleitungă........................................................................................................................ăă 11ă ă Wilfried Fiedler Dieădeutsch-albanischeăExpeditionăvonă19ő7ăă undăihreăBedeutungăfürădieădeutschsprachigeăAlbanologieă.............................................ăă 17ă ă Rexhep Ismajli WilfriedăFiedlerăundădieăKontakteăzwischenăkosovarischenăAlbanologenăă undăihrenădeutschsprachigenăKollegenă............................................................................ăă 27ă Ardian Vehbiu MitădenăgroßenăBuchstabenă–ăDieăfletë-rrufeăimăkommunistischenăAlbanienă.................ăă 39ă ă Kurt Gostentschnigg DieăDiskussionăderăFrageăderăalbanischenăEthnogeneseă–ăEinăhistorischerăAbrissă.........ăă ő1ă ă Gerda Dalipaj Aăpost-mortemăjourneyă–ăAmbiguitiesăofăhomeăandăreturnăă amongătheăAlbanianămigrantsăinăGreeceăă.........................................................................ăă 7őă ă Karl Kaser DerăIslam,ăEnverăHoxhaăundădasăalbanischeăKinoă–ăă UmwegeăzurăwestlichenăvisuellenăModerneă....................................................................ăă 91ă ă Robert Elsie JosefăSzékelyăundădieăAnfängeăderăFotografieăinăAlbanienă.............................................ăă 10őă ă Gilles de Rapper VisualăCultureăinăCommunistăAlbania:ăPhotographyăandăPhotographersăă atătheătimeăofătheăStockmann-SokoliăExpeditionă(19ő7)ă.................................................ăă 113ă ă Henry Ludwig FotografienăalsăideologischerăFilter:ăKurtăSeligersă„Albanienă–ăLandăderăAdlersöhneˮă zwischenăethnologischemăBlickăundăsozialistischemăRealismusă.....................................ăă 129ă ă 6ă Inhaltă Eckehard Pistrick Eineămusikalischeă„terraăincognitaˮ?ă–ăAlbanienăimăSpiegelăă derămultimedialenăErgebnisseăderăExpeditionăvonă19ő7ă.................................................ăă 1Ő3ă ă Miaser Dibra MaterialsăofătheăAlbanian-GermanăFieldworkăofă19ő7ăinătheăArchiveăofăMusicăă atătheăInstituteăofăCulturalăAnthropologyăandăArtăStudies:ăă Values,ăPreservationăandăUtilityăofăaăCulturalăHeritageă...................................................ăă 163ă ă VisualăcultureăinăcommunistăAlbania:ă PhotographyăandăPhotographersăatătheătimeăă ofătheăStockmann-Sokoliăexpeditionă(19ő7)ă GillesădeăRapperă(Aix-en-Provence)ă ă ă Apartăfromăethnomusicologicalădataăandăobservations,ătheăStockmann-Sokoliăexpeditionăofă summeră 19ő7ă leftă whată mightă beă calledă by-products.1ăOneă ofă themă isă theă collectionă ofă photographsătakenăbeforeăandăduringătheăethnomusicologistsʼătripăinăSouthernăAlbaniaăbyă WilfriedăFiedler,ătheălinguistăofătheăteam.2ăThisăsetăofăseveralăhundredăphotographsăinăcoloură andăblack-and-whiteăisăaăvaluableătestimonyăofătheăkindăofăimagesăofăcommunistăAlbaniaă thată wereă emergingă ată thată time.ă Ită isă interestingă toă lookă ată themăinătheăcontextăofătheiră production,ănotăonlyăbecauseătheyădocumentătheăsituationăofătheăcountryăinătheăsecondăhalfă ofătheă19ő0să(weăwillăseeăthatătheyăcanăbarelyăbeăusedăforăthatăpurpose),ăbutăbecauseătheyă formă aă photographică recordă ofă aă kindă thată willă notă liveă longă afteră theă deteriorationă ofă relationsă withă theă Sovietă Union.ă Ită isă alsoă ană opportunityă toă reflectă onă theă differenceă betweenăthisăoutsiderăandăindividualăgaze,ăandăthoseăproposedăatătheăsameătimeăbyălocală photographers.ăTheăactivityăofăforeignăphotographers,ămuchălessănoticeableăafterătheăbreakă withătheăSovietăUnionăină1961,ăisăthusăanăopportunityătoăcompareătheădifferentăgazesăandătoă highlightătheăspecificitiesăofătheălocalăproduction.ăThisăisănotătrivial,ăgivenătheăfactăthatătheă visuală cultureă ofă communistă Albaniaă hasă receivedă littleă attentionă apartă fromă theă mostă spectaculară aspectsă ofă theă falsificationă ofă photographsă andă theă cultă ofă personality.3ăTheă situationăofătheă1970săandă1980s,ămoreover,ăisăbetterăknownăthanăthatăofăearlierăperiodsăbothă becauseăofătheănumberăofăsurvivingăwitnessesăandăofătheăsheerăscaleăofătheăphotographică productionăofătheseălaterădecades.ăYetătheă19ő0săsawătheăintroductionăofăaănumberăofăinstitu- tionsăthatăplayedăaăkeyăroleăinătheădevelopmentăofăAlbanianăphotographyăandăinăitsăuses.ăForă allătheseăreasons,ăinăwhatăfollowsăIătakeăasăaăpretextătheăphotographicăcollectionăofăWilfriedă Fiedler,ă ină itsă contentă andă ină itsă conditionsă ofă production,ă toă analyseă theă situationă ofă Albanianăphotographyăină19ő7.ăForăthis,ăIăbeginăbyăpresentingătheăcollectionăandăitsăcontext,ă i.e.ăAlbaniaăandăitsărelationsăwithătheăCommunistăworldăbeforeă1961.ă Iă thenă turnă toă theă situationăofăcontemporaryăAlbanianăphotographyătoăhighlightătheăspecificitiesăofăWilfriedă Fiedlerʼsă photographsă andă dwellă onă aă determiningă criterion:ă colour.ă Iă concludeă withă considerationsăonăphotographyăandămodernity.ăă ă 1ăă IăwouldălikeătoăthankăAnouckăDurandăforăherăcommentsăonăanăearlierăversionăofăthisăpaper.ă 2ăă Apartă fromă Fiedleră ită seemsă thată alsoă Erichă Stockmannă andă ată leastă oneă Albaniană participantă hadă camerasăasăwell.ăKyritzătheătechnicianăinsteadăboughtăpostcardsăasăsouvenirs.ă 3ă See,ăhowever,ăVORPSIă201Őăonătheăimageăofăwomenăinătheăofficialăpress.ăSeeăalsoăDURANDă201Ő;ăDEă RAPPERăandăDURANDă2011a,ă2012.ă 11Ő GillesădeăRapperă 1. A photographic record of 1957 Albania? MyăanalysisăisăbasedăonălittleămoreăthanăeightyăphotographsămadeăavailableăbyăWilfriedăFiedler.ă Theyă representă onlyă aă smallă portionă ofă theă 63őă photographsă takenă duringă hisă threeă tripsă ină Albaniaă betweenă 19ő6ă andă 19ő9ă (ină winteră 19ő6–19ő7,ă summeră 19ő7ă andă summeră 19ő9).ă Theseăareădividedăintoă389ăcolourăphotographsămadeăonăAgfacolorfilms,ăandă2Ő6ăblack-and- whiteăphotographsăonăAgfaăIsopanăF/Rapid.ăWilfriedăFiedlerăhadăaăPrakticaăcamera,ăanăEast- Germană productă thată wasă toă beă largelyă usedă byă Albaniană photographersă ină theă followingă decades,ăbutăheădoesănotărememberăifăheăhadăusedătwoăcameras,ăoneăforăblack-and-whiteăandă oneăforăcolour,ăorăifăheăwouldăalternateăblack-and-whiteăandăcolourăfilmsăinăaăsingleăcamera.ŐăAă colourăphotographăshowingăhimăholdingăaă cameraăaroundă hisăneck,ăinătheăsummerăofă19ő7,ă suggestsăhoweverăthatăheăusedătwoăcameras,ăatăleastăduringătheăexpeditionăitself. Heăbroughtăhisă ownăfilmsăfromăGermanyăandăwouldădevelopăthemăonăhisăreturn.ăNeitherătheăsupplyăofăfilms,ă letăaloneăcolourăfilm,ăorălaboratoryăworkăseemedăsafeăenoughătoăhimăinăAlbania.ăContactsăwithă localăphotographersăwereăinăthisăwayălimited.ăByătheăendăofă19ő6,ăduringăaăpreparatoryătwo- monthăstay,ăheăneverthelessămetăaăjournalistăfromăTirana,ăaăphotographyăenthusiast,ăPiroăNaçeă (1928–2006).őăTheălatterăwasăinăchargeăofăaccompanyingăhimăthroughăAlbania,ăaătaskăthatăwasă
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