Guide to the EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-2002 Compiled
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Guide to THE EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-2002 compiled and edited by Jill Jolliffe on Microfiche Jill Jolliffe, Lisbon, Portugal & MMF Publications, Lisse, The Netherlands Specifications Title: "The East Timor Question, 1975-2002" Contents: clippings, correspondence, photos and other documents gathered in the course of twenty years of reporting on East Timor by Australian journalist Jill Jolliffe. Location: Lisbon, Portugal Size: 1056 microfiches Order no.: M442 Polarity: positive, silver-halide film Finding aids: eye-legible headers on fiches and a printed guide compiled by Jill Jolliffe Collection price: please inquire Availability: available now Orders & Inquiries MMF Publications PO Box 287 2160 AG Lisse The Netherlands Tel + 31 252 413100 Fax + 31 252 432101 E-mail: [email protected] Guide to THE EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-2002 compiled and edited by Jill Jolliffe on Microfiche Jill Jolliffe, Lisbon, Portugal & MMF Publications, Lisse, The Netherlands ©2002 MMF Publications, Lisse, The Netherlands & Jill Jolliffe, Lisbon, Portugal CONTENTS Preface by Jill Jolliffe………………………………………………………………………. 5 Publisher’s Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 6 Acknowledgements, Rights and Permissions.……..………………………………………. 8 Contents of the Collection in chronological order…………………………………………. 9 Timorese Newspapers .…………..…………………..……………………………………. 41 Photos……………………………………………………………………………………… 42 Supplement 1997……………………………………..……………………………………. 57 Supplement 1998…………………………………………………………………………… 61 Supplement 1999…………………………………………………………………………… 66 Supplement 2000 ....................................................................................................................... 67 Supplement 2001-2002 .............................................................................................................. 70 Note: References to the deaths of five journalists at Balibo on 16 October 1975, and of freelancer Roger East in Dili in December 1975 are highlighted by the words (Balibo/Roger East) at the beginning of each such item. PREFACE By Jill Jolliffe A few words need to be said about how this collection came about. It is very much a journalist's archive, amassed during two decades in a haphazard way on rather personalized criteria: some items came into the author's possession almost by accident. There are, therefore, major gaps, and it does not pretend to be an exhaustive or rigorous body of information. Periodicals, for example, are in broken series; some major events, such as the Nobel Peace Prize awards of late 1996, are barely covered; there is a shortage of material from UDT, East Timor's second major political party during these years; and the photographic collection omits some of the best photographs taken in the period spanned. Significant collections of photos have been taken by Oliver Strewe, Bob Hannan, Penny Tweedie, Ellen Briere and Steve Cox, for example. The only pretension the collection has is to provide a rough outline to events in the years covered (and in particular to the years 1974-1996), through cuttings, photos and documents which can be a useful tool for researchers, and which can be built on at a later date. Above all it aims to preserve a basic record of years when almost no records could be kept, to keep a flame alive for the future. Special thanks are owed to Xanana Gusmão for consenting to the reproduction of documents of his authorship, and for supporting the project in general. 5 PUBLISHER'S INTRODUCTION Background Reacting against the seemingly endless colonial wars in which Portugal was still involved in April 1974, junior officers of the Portuguese army overthrew the Caetano regime, successor to the lengthy Salazar dictatorship, installing democracy in the country for the first time in decades. The new Portuguese government initiated a process of decolonization that had the aim of granting independence to the colonies in Africa and the eastern half of the island of Timor, which the Portuguese had held since the sixteenth century. Claiming the support of the population of East Timor, the Suharto government in Jakarta invaded the former colony on 7 December 1975 and later incorporated it as a province of Indonesia, an act still not recognized by the U.N. Many Timorese opposed the Indonesian regime, launching the guerrilla movement Fretilin, under the leadership of Nicolau Lobato, who was later succeeded by José Alexandre Gusmão ("Xanana"). During the two decades since the invasion there have been systematic violations of human rights and a process of neocolonization on the part of Indonesia that continues to this day, despite the continued resistance of many Timorese and protests from sections of the international community. Archive formed Following this story closely from its start, first from the region and later from Lisbon, Portugal, Australian journalist Jill Jolliffe amassed a personal archive containing many rare and some unique materials in several languages originating from Portuguese, Indonesian, Australian, British, American and other international sources. Most of the documents cover the twenty years in question, such as: — a large file of newspaper clippings and other documentation in English, Portuguese and (some) Indonesian, organized chronologically — originals of letters and communiques sent from Timor by guerrilla leader José Alexandre Gusmão ("Xanana"), 1981-1994 and other resistance documents — an extensive file of interviews conducted with Timorese dissidents and refugees since 1975 — captured correspondence and reports of Indonesian authorities; Indonesian propaganda texts in English — documents relating to the deaths of foreign journalists at Balibo, East Timor on 16 October 1975, and other documentation of human-rights violations — the report of a Portuguese commission of inquiry into the decolonization of East Timor, in two versions (the original unedited one and that later released in a limited printed version by the Cabinet in 1981) — reports of parliamentary commissions in Australia and other countries; UN documents 6 — church documents on East Timor, including pastoral letters signed by Nobel Peace Prize winner D. Carlos Ximenas Belo — private correspondence with various figures — a photographic record 1975-1994, from various sources There is also earlier background material on Timor, such as: — 19th century Portuguese political pamphlets on Timor — much documentation on World War II on the island, including a censored report on events during the war by Governor Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho A note on the organization of the materials The material is presented in an integrated chronological fashion, weaving together press clippings, correspondence and various published and unpublished documents in order to follow the story as it developed over time. The microfiche headers provide the year and where possible the months of the documents contained on each microfiche. The following guide, compiled by Jill Jolliffe, gives the corresponding fiche numbers for each chronological segment and provides bibliographical information on the most important or noteworthy items reproduced. 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS This collection is made available on microfiche by MMF Publications for the sole purpose of personal study and research and is not to be reproduced in any fashion without the express written permission of the publishers. All copyrights are acknowledged and all rights reserved. Many institutions and individuals have contributed to making this collection possible. The editor and publishers are grateful to them all. In particular the cooperation is acknowledged of the National Archives of Portugal "Torre do Tombo", Lisbon, for material copied from the Salazar Archives and the Public Record Office, London, for documents concerning wartime use of the Azores islands as an air base, and the University Library, Australian National University, Canberra, for the two pre- annexation Timorese newspapers reproduced. The following individuals generously made materials available for use: "Xanana" Gusmão, Adalberto Alves, Shalar Kosi, D. Lourdes Sarmento, for material concerning the death of her daughter Maria Gorete, and João Silva, who photographed this material, Luis Corte Real, Pedro Letria, Michael Richardson, Domingos Seixas and José Simões. Credits for the photos reproduced are listed at the beginning of that section below. The editor wishes to thank Arnaud de la Tour and the INDE organisation for lending office space in Lisbon to prepare the material, and Adalberto Alves, Osvaldo Cova, José Filipe, Miguel Ferreira and Alex Alcobia for their sterling assistance in sorting and packing the documents ready for microfilming. 8 CONTENTS OF THE COLLECTION IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 1891 Bento da França, Timor, (series “Bibliotheca do Povo: Propaganda de Instrução para Portuguezes e Brazileiros”), Companhia Nacional Editora, Lisboa. 62-page booklet, part of series designed to educate the working man in Portugal and Brazil, describing the customs and history of East Timor. The author is described as a “cavalry lieutenant”. Relatively enlightened. Fiche 1-2 1901 Raphael das Dores, Congresso Colonial Nacional: A Força Armada em Timor (Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional, 1901) 5 pp. Discusses problem of security after assassination of Governor Lacerda Maia. Argues that current structure, inadequate depending unruly, ferocious Mozambican conscripts. Fiche 2 1907 Raphael das Dores, Diccionario Teto-Português (Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa, 1907), 247 pp. Fiche 2-5 1911 Timor: o governo do General de