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Fostering Peaceful Co-Existence Through Analysis and Revision of History Curricula and Textbooks in Southeast Europe

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Fostering Peaceful Co-Existence Through Analysis and Revision of History Curricula and Textbooks in Southeast Europe FOSTERING PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE THROUGH ANALYSIS AND REVISION OF HISTORY CURRICULA AND TEXTBOOKS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE Preliminary Stocktaking Report 2006 FOSTERING PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE THROUGH ANALYSIS AND REVISION OF HISTORY CURRICULA AND TEXTBOOKS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE Preliminary Stocktaking Report 2006 Acknowledgements The coordination team is grateful for the contributions from many historians and history teachers in the ten participating countries, as well to the many colleagues and knowledgeable persons both in and out of UNESCO who freely offered their advice and provided access to source materials. Coordination: Division for the Promotion of Quality Education Education Sector UNESCO Paris Author: Jean-Damascène Gasanabo Editor: Jade Maître Contributors include historians, ministry officials, curriculum developers, teachers and researchers in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. ED-2006/WS/70 3 Acronyms and abbreviations CDRSEE: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in South East Europe, Thessaloniki CoE: Council of Europe CSBSC: Center for the Study of Balkan Societies and Cultures EDC: Education for Democratic Citizenship EUROCLIO: European Standing Conference of History Teachers’ Associations GEI: Georg Eckert Institute GNP: Gross National Product IBE: International Bureau of Education NSF: National Salvation Front OECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OHR: Offi ce of the High Representative for the United Nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina OSCE: Offi ce for Security and Cooperation in Europe UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization UNICEF: The United Nations Children’s Fund UNMIK: United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo 4 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 2. General Background ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1. History teaching and textbook revision in 20th Century Europe ............................................................................................... 9 2.2. A Contemporary Southeast European Perspective ................................................................................................ 9 2.3. Common Features of History Teaching in Southeast Europe .................................................................................. 12 3. Country Profi les: States Emerging from the Former Yugoslavia ..................................................................................... 13 3.1. Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 3.1.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 13 3.1.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 17 3.2. Croatia .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 22 3.3. Montenegro ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.3.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 26 3.4. Serbia ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 3.4.1. Background ................................................................................................................................................. 28 3.4.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 30 3.5. Slovenia ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.5.1. Background ................................................................................................................................................. 33 3.5.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 33 3.5.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 34 3.6. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ................................................................................................................... 36 3.6.1. Background ................................................................................................................................................. 36 3.6.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 37 3.6.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 38 4. Other Countries of Southeast Europe ........................................................................................................................................ 39 4.1. Albania ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 4.1.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 39 4.1.2. Education system .......................................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 42 4.2. Bulgaria ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 43 4.2.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.3. History Curricula and Textbooks ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.3. Greece ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 4.3.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 47 4.3.2. Education System .......................................................................................................................................... 48 4.3.3. History Curricula and Textbooks .....................................................................................................................
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