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SMITH E LD ER A D 00 65 C ORNH I L L . , , N , ,

BO MB AY : SM TH TA YL R AND 00 I , O ,

1 85 4 . 32 7

LO ND ON AND V PRI T RS WH XT E D U F BI ABS . BRA B RY E ANS, N E , T H I S L I T T L E B O O K

I s B ebicateh

IN R U L C TI G ATEF AFFE ON,

TO H E R

W H O H AS E E N F O R T EN E A S TH E C O MP I N H Y S U D I ES B Y R AN O OF T , W H O H AS BR IGH TENED EV ER Y J O Y A N D C ONSO LED E VE RY so n o w I H AV E r um ;

W H O H A S BE EN T H E LIGH T OF MY H EARTH A ND T H E PR ID E OF H Y H EART

T HE RID E MY OU TH T H E R IE D OF MY M A H D B OF Y , F N N OO ;

W H BE U I U L A N D U T I IN L V V R C H I G A N D OSE A T F S S A N G O E, E E EER N ON

BEOKONIN G U PWA D R S,

H A S H A D FOR H E SOMETH ING AT O N C E H U MBLING A N D

X LT I T E A I NG N I .

INTRODU C TI N O .

T HE countrie s now known under the name s of

M W ll hi e th e n oldavia, a ac a, B ssarabia, Bucovi a, th e T ni m e in e Banat, and ransylva a, for d anci nt

m e th r th D i e ti s e count y of e acians, a warl k and

e e e me r m Jasebus savag p opl , who ca f o and

Mar iens th n th x T g on e ba ks of e O us . hey

e e e D e e D ae e w r first call d rbi s, or s, and th y

S e th am e n e th e e e pok e s la guag as G ta , who inhabited th e country at th e m outh of th e D anube . T heir God was calle d Zam olxis : he

ai e e e di e is s d to hav b n a scipl of Pythagoras,

to e e e e and hav stray d into th ir country, wher he establishe d a religion based on th e system

s h e of hi s great m aster . After hi death was honoure d as the chi ef of their divinitie s . viii INTRODUCTION .

T h e ancient Dacians appear to have had a

e e nm e we e e e lib ral gov r nt, and h ar that th y wer

e o e : th e K the divid d int four class s ing, Prie sts , ” th e E e the e e . T e m ld rs , and P opl h ir ost re mark

e ee in m are e A u abl d ds ar s th ir war against ug stus,

e e e B e ribaste s the e und r th ir chi f , and subse qu nt

e who d hi victori s of that barbarian , extende s

s rule a far as th e frontie rs of m odern Bavaria.

T u C T A in llius ato , iberius , and ppius Sab us were

e o ne a e the e th conqu re d , ft r oth r, by e victorious

e e i e Dacians but at l ngth th ir ch f, Duras , fe arful

e e e e n the m e of ultimat d f at, and dr adi g rese nt nt of the R m e mm D ec ebalus o ans , gav up his co and to ,

wh o becam e their fir st King ; and

uniting the various petty rulers under

m e i E e the e his sway, so th ng as gb rt did H ptarchy ,

e e e e e m s ms to hav e stablish d a pow rful onarchy .

H e fou ght again with the Romans ; and o ne

F inc ulus hi s m e , with successor Do itian , app ar to have been beaten by hi m at T alpa . A village in

” Vida C o alni ciano Histoin de la Mol o -Waflac hi e g , d e. H a ears to ave ta en his materials o wever wit out aufi c ieut pp h k , h , h INT RODUCTION . ix the district of Vlaskta is still pointed out as the scene of these engagem ents . But at

th E m e T e length e p ror rajan, surpris d

e i e eme le d n e e n at thes ach v nts , his invi cibl l gio s

D lu was m e . e c eba s e e into Dacia pro ptly d f at d ,

m n e H e a and his ar y a nihilat d . sued in v in for peac e h e appears to have been still too powerful

e m e the and troubl so to obtain it, and - 1 . x) . 101 2. war be gan again in the following spring .

D ec ebalus was again beaten ; and a fine histo t ical picture might be painte d of the vanquished

e th m th e R m barbarian s eking e ca p of o ans , hearin him e g with a fish, a littl corn , and a

u e ea e m . e b ndl of sp rs , in tok n of sub ission P ac e is grante d . But what barbarian e ver kept his m m word, or did not istake cle ency for we akne ss

T rajan has hardly reache d hom e when h e he ars

e D ec ebalus th e that his fri nd is again in e fi ld, and

the has thrown away scabbard .

Th e E m e e e e m p ror r turns , d t r ine d to quiet him this time ; and with T rajan com e his nephe w A i i M . T h dr an , and Lucius Qu ntus arcus e INT RODUCTION .

R m n ss the e a o a s pa wint r in Bulg ria, and cross h t e Danube in spring, over a bridge

built for the purpose by the architect

A llo d po or of Damascus .

D ec e balu e e e un s, who appears to hav b n as

e scrupulous a barbarian as could b , now sent m m T so e assassins to m urder his ene y . hey

were of course discovered ; and the war be gan on

both sides with much violence .

T h e D acians are again routed . Sarm ese

Gh tusa e a rme ur e , th ir c pital, is sto d and b nt, and

D ec ebalus has co mmitte d suicide ; all a n. 106. h 1 before t e year 06 .

Th e conquere d province was now people d by one of those Rom an c olonie s which be cam e a

e e e e e e ed e bl ssing wh r v r th y s ttl , and which carri d the arts and civilization of the Quee n C ity from th e m m e E uphrate s to th U ber, fro Memphis to

T h n T hule . e ew colony was of course under th e

r e R me e e p ot ction of o , in whos history th irs is henceforth m erged .

e e e e Th e Wallac hs now liv d in p ac , a rac of INTRODUCTION . xi

e e e th e e the hunt rs and sh ph rds, till e app aranc of

E e T urks in urope . But th y soon had to defend

th e m them selve s against Payni horde , whi ch m the e e th e enace d lib rti s of world, till humble d

C e M e the l i T by harl s art l upon p a ns of ours .

I 1 393 M e m e n irc a, Do n (or Princ ) of the

e eei the e o th e Mussul Wallachs , for s ng succ ss f. man m a ve m e ar s, and nxious to sa hi s lf and his country from th e appalling rigour with which they

e ed n e e e e tr at co qu r d nations , sign d a tr aty with the Sul B a ze N he e tan ja t at icopolis , in which agr ed

l his fi f m th e to ho d principality as a e fro Soldan .

This tre aty stipulate d that the Wallachs were

e e e e e m en e to pr s rv th ir laws and gov rn t, that th y

en e m in e e should joy full pow r of ak g p ac or war, and that they should not be oblige d to deliver up to their Suzerain such Mussulm en as had be com e

C ri and k e e r h stians ta en refuge in th ir t rrito y .

O n e e the W e e e th ir sid , allachs agr d to pay, und r the m e of sum r e na a voluntary gift, a of th e

re d e e thousand (gold n) piastr s yearly .

It is hardly probable that such a m onarch as R xii INT ODUCTION .

’ B aj azet would have concluded a treaty so advan

s m the mm e m m e tage ou to the , but for i ens ar a nts which were then fitting out against him by the

Mirc é e o e o o r C rusaders . a c rtainly ch s his pp tunit me k h e y with so political s ill, though has been reproached by we ste rn historians for not having aided the famous Jean Sans Pe ur at th e

i e m e disastrous battle of Nicopolis , wh ch t r inat d th T he e e e e e C rusades . fact is, how v r, n ith r th e Wallachs nor th e Hungarians were really

h K the C friendly to t e nights of ross, and it is certain that they had re ason enough for dislike to them .

In 1 4 60 another treaty was concluded between

th W the e th e Domn of e allachs and Port , in which (without in any way prejudicing th e validity of the form er treaty) it was further stipulate d that all le gal processe s between T urks and

Wallachs should be heard and judged by th e

e Wallachian Divan according to th local laws ,

” “ Ba as et the anx-name Il erim o r the Li tnin ! j M d d . gh g

Kn hts M v 6. W e alta ol. l. . 0 ig of , , p 3 INTRODU CTION xiii and that no m osque should be built on any part h of t e Wallachian territorie s .

In 1 5 1 3 Moldavia also acknowledged th e sum t th o e n imilar to s e ainty of e P rt , on co ditions s tho

‘ T he e ee of her neighbour . tr aty betw n Bogdan , and th e Sultan Selim sets forth that Moldavia

m h er ee e l sub itte d of own fr and unconstrain d wil , and nothing was exacte d from th e Prince s but

e four thousand crowns of gold y arly, forty horses,

and twe nty - four falcons ; the whole to be given as

esc hthesh resent 1 5 8 3 e e the a p , or p t In , how v r,

Bo an ui c c a b. c an Phra Ste en the Great on 1504 gd q su éd ( ph ) , prit la t e so lution do so soum ettrc it la T urquie an 1 51 3. Le Grand C hanc ellior de la Princi aut Tantul alla m uite tro uv er le p é, ,

’ ai do dc Pr e e du an l ofirir h as H autc ms qu il ven t, la part inc t p p a,

1a Mo ldavia h den c o nditions h o no rablea. Il demands qua la reli ion fut c o nserve ue les lo in fum t res ec ts! ue le g , q p . q Princ e fut tou ours indi cnc at 5 Ic e c on itions la a s evi j g , d p y d ' e f lim ac avsc em reasam ent c ndra un fi de l Empire . Se c epts p ’ " - l fl c dc Gran h e lli r. C mo n c r d C anc a o . “ ” “ A Princ e onl s C antemir c an understandth a o o ft e y, say , j y h Sultan on this oc casion ; fo r Moldavia was very tro ublesome to him ” e and h e was obliged c onstantly to have an eye o n he r mo vem nts. 1’ It may be as well to n y that tt allac h c riginals c f these treaties are u The T u i o i inals o ever are sai to b rnt. rk sh r g , h w , d ’ be in tha arc hives f h l Th r d no t seem to ba an o t c ortc . e e oc s y is ute a out th e tenor of t em d p b h . D xiv INT RO UCTION .

Sultan Soliman insisted on this pre sent b eing

formally acknowledge d as a tribute . O f th e subse

n e e o f e h th e m em e que t v nts th ir istory, ost r arkabl

’ the me M l th e e took place in ti of iha brav , who

’ h end th e 1 6th i reigne d at t e of century . Miha

e ven went so far as to declare war against the

T e em m the H e urks , and drov th fro country.

e M vi s e e conqu re d olda a, and po s ss d himse lf of

nearly all th e T urkish strongholds on the

e H e e e e e the T Danub . r puls d, and disp rs d urkish

armies sent to chastise him : and his achi eve

e e H e m ents ar th e subj ct of song and ballad . is the H e national hero of Roumania . was assas a e a th e em e o n o f in t d by issari s of e Basta, Prince

‘ ' l h alao a fam ul allac ian w rt who ouris e are is o W h o hy, fl h d th c ntur Bano Ma ini b n ms who m tha in c fourteenth e y, n c y a , renc c allc e Mar uis c o n u d and who undc r that title F h q c , bac ama so wall kno wn in ao ng m d atory that l think l hava m at i with his name in R tso n. On hm bwh and with hia harnaas ’ ou his bac h ho led a c h oac n hand c f brave lanc u to he lp l hilip do Valo is against the English ; and then j oining the C o unt da la uc h J a n t T ram ouillc aud de C o y,with t c famo us a n 8a a Peur,C o un h o a nl u an h do c ora, e f ught suc c essfully ag i t the S lt Am arat . Ha was a po ot ; INTRODU CT ION . xv

the As to their mode rn history, first relations betwee n the Russians andth e Wallachs date from

e the e e the tim e of P ter Gr at, who conclud d a

e e e i 1 7 10 e s cr t tr aty w th Wallachia in , and anoth r

C em e M l a with ant ir, Princ of o d via, in

T he C zar engaged to maintain th e rights of

M - W e e oldo allachia, without in any way int rf ring

the e m e or m e with Gov rn nt, laying clai to tribut

. T h e e e m of any kind Princ was , how ver, to ain

e th e th z . tain soldi rs, in pay of e C ar .

“ r u anc etre il a ir s tra e O q and, h m on , t é a c , ’ D o h le lass Danu e est voisin de la T rac e g b h , Pl a ua la B o n is an une fro i e art us h s q gr d p , i n r om m l Mar uis de Ro n a Est un Se g eu n é a q e rd. ’ o r da villas de e . Ric he d at da ge ns, at t t ra v ur l U n do see 613 pumas a ait am our po a guerre ,

En quittant so n pays fait C apitains deux ; v H a T ra arsa la ongt ie t la bases Allem agne, Traversa la Bou r o na e la ra g g t g sss c hampagne , Et ar i vint servir P ili e de Valois h d h pp , ” ui o ur lo rs avait um s was h e An lois Q p g g . John and hfathias C orvinus are also said to bc o f Wallac hian o ri in g . In 17 7 1 Austria nearly o btained part o f Wallac hia by a sec re t treaty with the Po rts ; the Buc o vina was finally c ede d to her in 17 7 7 . xvi INTRODU CTION .

e m No Russian was allow d to arry, or buy

lands .

H e era the ere comm ence s th disastrous , of

ee e th e Phanariot Prince s . It is n dl ss to say that

treatie s just m e ntioned were hostile to th e

s the P T h e ee the a inte re st of orts . Gr ks of Phan r

were therefore se nt to prevent such an event in

e B ut e e eem e the futur . th r s s a fat in history of

nations ; and the result of their policy will be

found in th e tre aty of Kutchuk Kai nardji

in which m ention is first made of the Russian

Th r e e e Prote ctorate . e Phana iot Princ s r ign d

1 7 1 6 1 8 1 wh n in e e me from to 2 e , consequ nc of so proce edings adopte d by Prince So utz o against the

T ur o vist th e nh an se the e e city of g , i abit ts ro ; r b l

e Vladinic resc o e m e ef. lion spr ad, and b ca its chi

T he native Prince s were re store d .

After various other change s which it is not

m e e e e y provinc to r lat , B ssarabia was ceded to

T urkey in 1 8 1 2 ; and in 1 828 the Principalitie s

e e e new th r c iv d a constitution , in which e Porte is

w e e S e again ackno l dg d as uz rain , and Russia is xviii INT ROD U CTION .

li R th e e th e e . 5 . e sponsibi ty of chi f of stat

e for ve n His el ction fi years o ly, and that h e should be eligible from every class of socie ty .

m t e . 6 . Di inu ion of th civil list

7 Re . spon sibility of ministers and other public

n fu ctio naries .

8 . l i berty of the pre ss .

All e v e e 9 . rewards for public s r ic to b be stowed

th e e the h er in nam of country, by rept asen

tatives .

1 0 . T he right of every district to ch oose its own functionaries .

A N n al . 1 1 . atio Guard

2 E m a the m n e e e a e 1 . ancip tion of o ast ri s d dic t d to th e Holy Places . c é 1 3. Abolition of the ele e (corv e) and of th e

e e em m disabiliti s of p asants, allowing th to beco e

‘ landowners .

as ths ussd to bs undsr the c ld s i y ystem n lrsland, m sxtremc ly ular and almost iso late the unpop , d re volutionary c hiefs in public INTRODUCTION . xi x

1 4 A th th e . e e bolition of slav ry of Zingari , with an indemnity to owners.

l be e e . no p e to a Wallach , not a for ign r

E u e 1 6 . qual and grat itous ducation for both sexe s .

1 7 A . bolition of titles to which no public functions were attac hed .

1 A l . 8 . bo ition of flogging

A m e . 1 9 . bolition of capital punish nt

E me e e e . 20. stablish nt of p nit ntiari s

1 E m i the w e 2 . anc pation of Je s, and quality of

e e political rights for v ry religion .

2 e Na 2 . Imm ediat convocation of a tional

Such were the demands of th e Wallachs in

1 4 8 T h e e Bi s e the m 8 . Princ be c o sign d procla a

n ee te . tio , and abdicate d thr days af rwards But th e P orts at first recognised the new Governm ent

“ " which was called a I /ieutena nc c D om iaire .

T i e e e did . h s stat of things, how v r, not last

T h e T R i urkish Ministry changed . A uss an xx INTR ODUCTION . and T urkish army m arched simultaneously on

‘ Buchare st. T he C ham be rs were dissolved ; the

e the m em e e e M B . chi fs of ov nt arr st d ; . arbs

Sterbieu me a was na d Hospodar of Wallachi , and

M Gre oré Ghika ee e e H urtz . g succ d d Princ o a in Moldavia.

T t e m hese fac s b long to history . Upon ore rec ent events I do not enter .

T he revenue of th e Principalitie s is derive d

m the th e m m e e fro contributions of co on p opl , th al - m Th n e . e s t pits, and custo s la ds, especially

M ar m the m in oldavia, e a ong ost fertile in the T world . heir principal export is wheat.

T he manners of th e Wallac hs are peculiarly 'b de onm /ire . T e are al an r gay and h y v i t, f ank, and

'

- open hearte d . I n their taste s they are Splendi d

m e . e em em e e and agnific nt Wh n it is r b r d , how e e e m u v r, t hat th y anufact re nothing, that all

“ Ac c o rdin to th e treat o fBalta Liman h Russ g y , t a ians have the ri ht of e nte rin the Princ i alitias in c o nc r h g g p , e t wit th e Turks, whe n in a stats o f insurrec tio n That th e d . y di sd howsvc r. alon wit o ut reason and in m fo und e, h p pc ac q makc s their present oc c upation a vio lation o fthe law of M ON T—R m INT RODUCTION .

f are m e n their obj ects o luxury i port d, a d that the contrasts of fortune in th e country are rather

ai i e we m too p nful and str king, p rhaps ust not be very angry with th e author of the Qu estion

” (E m e the m e i h cono iqu , for ann r in wh ch e treats this part of his subj ect.

In their social institutions th e Roumans are particularly aristocratic ; and a 130d of th e first class will by no m e ans mingle with his inferiors

m e ee the e e wee in rank . So ark d ind d was lin b t n

m n w B the , that, ot t enty years ago, a oyard who

e e paid a visit to anoth r of higher rank, was oblig d to wait respe ctfully on th e threshold of th e door till hidden to enter ; nor could he sit down in the

pre sence of his superior till he had been invited to do so thre e tim es . A peasant never d ared

m e e pre sent hi s lf b fore his lord without a prese nt, th e value of which was j ealously re gulate d by

m . O n all custo public occasions, at balls and

e e e the fe stivitie s, v n in church s, right ofprecedency

is vigorouslymaintained ; and even among the

e e ladies , it is whisp r d that dispute s on this subj ect xxii INTRODUCTION .

have be en kno wn to run so high as to end in

e e e ea e e p rsonal ncount rs of gr t liv lin ss and spirit.

re - an h F nch, or a kind of lingua Fr ca, is t e lan

- guage of society . Poor ill use d French ! almost

' every nation speaks a difierent tongue under this

m e . T e e are e na h r no schools of r putation , and

e e c t e are e e al e littl du a ion ; but th re s v r th atres ,

and two Italian operas .

T he e m a e pri sts, who for a l rg and important

are e m . T e e i t class , allow d to arry h r is l t le

difference between their condition and that of

the er e e e e e oth p asants , xc pt that th ir hous s are

O e e e m a m always p n to trav ll rs , who y find so e

e e m n m amiabl and int lligent e a ong them .

T he C alu heri m m g , or onks , do not arry, and

e the m e e T th y inhabit nu rous conv nts . heir

m e m a m me 20 000in the nu b r y a ount to so , two

i e e are be Princ paliti s , and th y said to as unpopular h m t e r e are e e . T a as p i sts b lov d his y, however,

chiefly arise from the fact that they possess some of the largest estate s in th e country (arising from

s e the e piou bequ sts), and j alousy which all people INTRODUCT ION . xxiii seem to have against th e accumulation of C hurch prope rty

T he a m M - h Zing ri, who swar in oldo Wallac ia,

m are th e me e and for a class apart, sa xtraordinary

e pe ople known to us as Gipsi s, and who se em to have formed a wande ring se ttlem ent in alm ost

in E e T e e l e eve ry country urop . h r was a so , I l arn, at o ne time a distinct race of the Zingari settled i m R m . T e l e e e in ou an a h y cal ed th s lv s Netoti,

er th e e t e and wand e d about for sts , li tl be tter than

i e e t . T e e e p t y robbe rs h yhad th ir ch efs, how v r, i h ’ and pa d a regular tribute to t e Governm ent.

an s f er h s ll o verrun th e Eas Sm rn n w seems b d o ro bb s w o ti t. y a o their stro nghold ; and the inhabitants have suc h a salutary fear o f the m that th e y dare no t take any measures to pro tec t th em se v om me a o a famil livin near Sm rna l ea S e ti g , y g y

o hi rec ei ved a visit he m a well kno wn robbe r and s band.

Havin i fi emse lv he e v sat o wn to su er. g sat s ed th es, t thi es d pp ile t us sa e a re ort was hro u ht at the omeara of the Wh h w d, p g th a i The ro er c ief was l w wsre c om ng to lo o k fc r the m. bb h in The matter despair ; M had m rhm u h m and c ould no t run. was o we ver easil arran e andthe master o ft e h ousc hid the , h , y g d, h thief under a be d till the myrmido ns o f th e law had go ne away n t r d ure agai ! In fac J am by no means su e that it wo ul inj a . ' man s soc ial po sifion at alh in so me Eastern c ou nu'ic g were it generally kno wn he had been a bandit : pe rhaps it would n iv INTRODUCTION .

the believin in T hey adore d the sun and stars , g

a faith which they are said to have brought from

I 1 831 e e e e ndia . In th y w r forcibly baptis d , and

T h e e th e becam e slave s to th e Boyards . r st of

e e e e Zingari formerly liv d a roving lif , and w r

e V tac hii spre ad over the country , divid d into a , or

- o f e e em companies . Unhe ard horrors w r told of th ;

fo r it is the gift of the vulgar to think in th e

wrong every thing and e ve ry pe rson they cannot

T ee m to e understand . hey paid a tax for fr do th ir

° m er e e often c ho se m e em ast ; who ,how v r, so of th

e T e m e m ul e as s rvants . his rac of do stics tipli d

n rapidly, a d becoming Wallach in language and m th e m m e . custo s ,forgot pe ople fro who th y sprung

T h e Zingari are now chiefly e mploye d as musi

c ians m e T e are es , artisans, and in rs . h y slav , and

be m can bought, sold, and punishe d with i punity .

T e e are e e m hem h r still , how v r, a co pany of t who

e er e e e m pr s v th ir anci nt traditions , in al ost every

village ; and if the traveller chance to be benighte d

’ m e e but in so p asant s , it is the re that he will

e the e e D oine h ar t nd r sung, and see a pretty xxv i INT ROD UC T IO N .

leagues there are said to be about

a 4 5 00 h e . inhabit nts , or to t e square leagu

Wallac hia alone is said to number

B e o uchar st c ntains inhabitants ; Jassy,

’ T he ports of Galatz and B reila are th m e ost considerable .

T h e regular army of the Principalitie s is

th e D aro bans (gendarm e s) and frontier 1 84 8 guards have been also disciplined since , h and form a body of perhaps m ore . T e

organization and discipline of the troops is the

e e same as in Russia . T h y have but one gen ral ;

the M War be is iniste r of .

T he Wallachs form so considerable a nation

ality that it appears to be the opinion of

“ som e of their politicians that the Ports would

do we ll to unite the Principalities under o ne

e m ‘ T rul r, and declare the independent. hey

would thus form a m ore effective bulwark

” a R e T ag inst ussia than th y now do . hey

This o pinio n is very ably and suc c eel fully c ombatted in a IN T RO D UC T IO N . xxvii urge that she re ceives a revenue almost

m m m e no inal fro the , as it is nev r paid at all

n th e th e R duri g occupation of ussians, or for two ” e e y ars aft rwards , and that her power over the

e succ ssion is useless for any practical purpose .

i e e e th e I g v this , how v r,as opinion of others ; and of course distinctly and emphatically repu diate the smallest idea of advancing my own .

' Indeed thi s is the m eres t sketch of the adairs of the Principalitie s ; as I am writing from m em m m en ory, far fro books and , and without re ady m eans of consulting either.

As for that whi ch more particularly inte re sts the e e the a e e e sa so r ad r of , I r gr t having to y M e . ac e e littl Wall hia and oldavia, oppr ss d by th m e m h Ph anariot rinc s e isgov rn ent of t e p e , had for a long tim e no literature save the Psalms

D f T he w ea . of avid, and a e religious tr tise s learning of th e ancient world was only known by

e so me miserable translations from the Gre k,

' See T rea es s eciall that of Kntc h uc k Ks inard i m . xvi ti , e p y j , , NT RO O N xxviii I D UC T I .

re ndere d into a barbarous jargon of words taken

m th e Sc lavo nic ee T fro , Gr k, urkish, and Latin

a gibberish which was th e fashionable language

the th e law e m th e of court, , and soci ty, uch as

c orrupt Norm an French be came in E ngland after h t e C onquest .

R e e e But, says La och foucauld v ry wis ly, a

' man s native language is as deeply impresse d in h ea e . T e R m his h rt as on his tongu ou an , or

’ W c a e e e th e ea alla h di l ct still ling r d in p sant s hut,

‘ th e afiec tion h and in s of t e people . It was evi

dently derived from th e Latin and bore perhaps

as m uch res emblance to the language of Virgil

C e i and ic ro , as Yorksh re provincialism s or the

patois of Marseilles m ay bear to th e E nglish of

uiz . Lord Palmerston or th e French of M . G ot

T he L autars e i m e e e il , or wand r ng instr ls, w r st l

i m e m n th e B i e taught to s ng to hu bl e o n , which

e e s h had sooth d th ir sire , and t e old war so ngs of the Brave s, which yet stirred their hearts like

th m T e e call of a tru pet. h se songs had been

transmitte d from sire to son by oral tradition NT RO D C T O N xxix I U I .

e the and by quaint old living chronicl rs , only re c ords now left to Roumania.

Such was th e state of things forty years

e W the a th e e sinc . ith f ll of Phanariots b gan

new era E a ; and to Jon liade , a country

m e the school ast r, belongs honour of having

re stored the national language to lite rature : a

language so soft and beauti ful as to have been

h e ac sc o e t e e . are call d gold n tongu Jon V , with

Mamule ano Wallac hih Asak Paris , in ; y and

C onaky in Moldavia ; appeared soon after,

bringing e ach som ething to th e comm on stock ;

fe m — though only a w fugitive poe s , translations

m the e e s ffe e fro Fr nch . But th ir works till su r d

m h e fro t e Phanariot influence . C upid and V nus,

with the other obsole te m achine ry of the Gre ek

e m n poets , h ld too pro ine t a place .

A e e the e lthough , how v r, translations which b gan

to appear about this time were both incorre ct

m e re e e and clu sy in styl , they we r ceiv d with

e e the e pl asur by public , and altogether displac d

the we ary gods and godde sse s of the Phanariot xxx INT RO D UC T IO N .

e e forgott n , as w ll as their

e ee e e T hey tri d, ind d, to pr serve th ir inspira tions in a happier style but they never thought of tou ching the magic chord beneath which throbbe d th e great heart of the people .

In 1 8 32 the literature of Roumania made another

MM E de Asak in stride . . lia in Wallachia, and y

s e e . Moldavia, e stabli he d ach a printing pr ss

T he form er obtained th e monopolyof printing in i th Wallachia, as well as a contract w th e Govern m th e f e e ent to publish o ficial Gaz tt , and sang no

m e . H e e e e i r or did, how v r, p rhaps st ll be tter se

e . the e m e o f M vic Following xa pl . Petro

M Sc hiukai K e z Thic kindel aior, , l in, La ar, , and

i he Laur ano, applie d him self wholly to the purifi

the e n r m cation of languag , by ba ishing f o it all those words of a foreign origin by which it had

T he first poet of repute who now appeared in

R Al dr um M . exan esc o o ania was , a Wallachian gentleman wh o long held the sceptre of so ng . INT RO D U C T IO N . xxxi

Alexandresc o was born a poet. In the m e and

exquisite grace of his compositions there is

m e e i so ething positiv ly nchanting ; but, unhapp ly ,

h e wanted that study and re so lute cultivation of

e e s H mind which xalt talent into g niu . e made

also a gre at mistake : inste ad of se eking inap i hi ration in the history of s country, or its hom e

h th sc enes in t e hall of the Boyard, or by e O lto

th e e m n e e m and Danub , his i agi ation wand r d a ong h e e e t e . T e e strang sc n s , and los its lf hus publish d

l m are e e e n a co le ction of poe s, which littl b tt r tha the pale re flec tion of borrowed lights from Lord M H m e . Byron and . La artin e printe d som e fable s ; and those in which h e spoke of familiar T things were received with e nthusiasm . he se

e o c e e e hi s sm m h fabl s casion d, how v r, di issal fro t e

m e e e d the e ar y, and w r thus rais to h ight of

it e em m th popularity ; for s s, that in all ti es, e shorte st way to make an author famous has been

A m M r e s me bout this ti e , also , . C a lova wrot o

e al e e i e the ffe and po tic pi c s , nspir d by su rings NT RO D T O N xxxii I UC I .

r H e e em R e hope s of his count y . call d th uin

" - T a e th e R T th e le rgovist , or uins of argoviste (

W T e e ancient capital of allachia). h y r calle d th e

- e e the e by gon glori s of land . His styl was by

e e e e n ve turns l vat d, passionat , or touchi gly plainti ,

' and it glowed with the burning language of a

e e lofty and ene rgetic patriotism . But D ath bor

th m an e e away e obj ect of so y hop s, whil still in

mi e Al the first blush of youth and high pro s . as , for the young and th e gifted

M Ne ruzi ofthe flo er- In oldavia, g sang w girls of

J se m e e assy, and paraphra d so nov ls, of which Z é H pe rhaps o is th e best. e also translated th e

R e naki m ussian po t Po n , and so e piece s of Lord

H e e Byron and Victor ugo , not asily re cognis d .

u e e e and e e e B t his styl is too l gant, his v rs s hav too much wit and grac e to be brande d as m ere

C o alnic iano M e M. g , of oldavia, has publish d

M - W a volum e of oldo allachian history, rather too

sketchy and incomplete ; a Specie s of chronicle

’ in e m e e m i borrowed , a gr at asur , fro Fot no s

' n xxxiv m m o nuc n o .

records found among th e m onasteries . H e die d 1 of consumption in 8 52.

e m e m e M . Georg Sion has ad hi s lf known by

nstandi n a se ries of sparkling satires ; and M . C o

H is e e Rosetty has beaten the same ground . v rs s are m m m e e o nl ostly i itations fro B rang r, and y

o im e m et with te mporary succe ss . T itat is not to cre ate : to cre ate is to be a poet .

From tim e to tim e young adventurers of the

e e e e e e th e u high st promis hav nt r d lists but, nhap

e u e m em e e pily for lit rat r , ost of th , influ nc d pro

e e e e . bably by political v nts , have c ase d to writ Jon

Vo ine sc o o e the e , n of be st writ rs of Wallachia,

e hi s n e M . r e e . C o standin N sl ps upon laur ls g y,

e e m now Gov rnor of Galatz , has writt n a char ing little book calle d T ree Nopti la Venezia (Three Am Nights in Venice); but he stops there . ong th e writers of th e pre sent day also m ust be m entioned

n P m M . A to n enn m de e e m , who has a hi s lf r arkable m ore by the burlesque and singular style of his

e the writings than even by th ir talent . H e is

e the e e the u e R m . po t of p opl , B rg r of ou ania INT RO D UC T I O N . m v

But the character of the Roum an lite rature is

e . A M . e still in a stat of transition Basil l xandri,

l n M M . B o e tiniano W of oldavia, and , of allachia , are doing m uch upon virgin ground ; the former se eking his inspiration among the mountains and

an th e a e woodl ds of his country, l tt r rendering into verse of no com mon ele gance th e m ost inte r

T s e h r . sting facts of e story hu Poe try, giving her

e e s hand to History, has seat d h rself at la t be side th m a e e the R u . national h arth of o n Unhappily, the e e e one W c nsorship is a s v re . ithout entering

t e is nf all in o d tails, it pai ul to say that ne arly

e e c — e who hav writt n in Walla h po ts,historians , or

— h e novelists were banishe d after t e ev nts of 1 84 8 .

Many are de ad ; and those who survive de spair of being able to re turn to their hom e s .

I cannot here forbear touching on a subj ect of

i n very serious and increas ng im portance . It is o e of the m ost pre gnant and painful consequence s

e of rec ent events , that a class of persons hav

m e e e a e the be co involv d in r volutions, who pp ar

mix em most unlikely to th se lves up with politics . NT R D N xx xvi I O UC T IO .

' T he liberal countrie s of th e world are at this

m m e e e le are e o nt crowd d with xi s, who neith r

no r r m e ai e nthusiasts visiona y ; but si pl , pl n,

e e m en e ee a e m th arn st , who hav b n c ll d away fro e

a s fe e v rious pur uits of li , and sent to wand r to

e a e e e em le whatev r l nd will r c iv th , as id rs and

- - good for nothings .

E n an Am e S d T e In gl d, rica, ar inia, urk y, and in

h S e e e are e e t e Barbary tat s , th r thousands of th s

m en e an d e unhappy , l ading a painful pr carious

life ; rusting out their e xistence far from hom e — and e e e e e e e . kindr d hop l ss, obj ctl ss, p nnil ss

It is a touching and m elancholy thing to see

m m en e e e e le d the . Young still b ardl ss, who w r

a m e a eam ee m e way by so v gue dr of fr do , or fir d

m e e an d by som e Spe e ch of C icero or De osth n s,

e tak n m e o s e th n , mis i g excite nt for convicti n , ru h d

from the schools to th e m arket - place an d joine d

e o r e m e a ll som popular tumult, wrot so h sty si y

e see line s in support of it . It is cru l , I say, to

the se young m en growing up into idlers an d

n e e . A s saunterers , falli g daily low r and low r I N T R D T N I O UC IO . xxxvu

e e e i e m a a e writ th s l n s, ny a bright t l nt is slowly — rustin g m any a youth of high and noble promi se

ri e and absint/le m th e is d v n to billiards , fro absolute impossibility of finding anythi ng else

e e m n r e c an to do , and b caus no hu a vi tu e nable a m ll ua re mars e an to sit sti entre sea q t for ver.

We do not quite un derstand this kind of thing

“ in E and are e es e ngland, apt to ask ours lv , If th y

’ are e e ? W ! Ye s so idl , why don t th y work ork , they would if they could find anything to do ; h m but work is out of t e question to ost of them .

Where is th e State whi ch will give its e mploy m ents to foreigners Where is th e Governm ent that dare do so Although E ngland and Holland o we their m ost useful citize ns to th e e di cts of th e — prince s who banishe d their forefathers although

Am erica owe s som e of th e be st blood in the

th e m e se— e e e and Union to sa cau th r xists,

e e e e always will xist, a j alousy of strang rs on th ir

al n Yet e a first arriv in a y country . I do not d sp ir

h n W e e S e of t e ultimate fate of the se m e . hat v r tat

’ ffe e em m e e has o r d th a ho , God s bl ssing will light xxxviii IN T RO D UC T IO N .

’ upon that land ; th e children an d th e children s children of the exile will grow up to be a pride m h and a glory to it . In ages to co e s e shall o we h er her e m e h er r warriors and stat s n, a ts and h er s the th e e : ongs , to sons of strang r they shall go

h er th e e down fighting for in front of battl , and by their brains and their right hands render her

h s h fam ous am ong t e nation of t e world . It is — the flower of their chivalry the be st and brave st — hearts and ke ene st intelle cts that foreign lands are sending us ; and perhaps there is no body of m en in th e world at this m om ent m ore re spec table by their intelligence and social position th R ‘ than e efugee s . Among them will be found som e of the brighte st nam e s whi ch shall adorn th e pages of history yet unwritte n . Good and great men are now undergoing struggle s and

i n —a e e privat o s y, hung r, thirst, b ggary, and scorn

‘ Of eourse from this c atego ry l distinctly and pointedly exc he art wh o are o wn as the R d I ave no s m ept t p y kn e s. h y u lic an i eas and Go d fo r i I s o ul pathy with Rep b d , b d that h d

t t em . T ere are o we ver man exiles wh o are no t advoc a e h h , h , y

Re a o r c o nstitution-mo n err —and so me who wer and public ns, g e, rep ent it I O N INT RO D UC T I .

- with a fortitude and grandeur of soul on which

e post rity will reflect with wonder and admiration .

E e le e e see v n whi I writ , I know and hav n such

’ n e m things , passi g within a ston s throw of y

m ake m e e e window, as paus , and sick ning lay

down th e p en .

But it is not for the ultimate destiny of such

m en n B - - b that there is anythi g to fear . y and y — pray God it be soon l th e exiles from Italy and

e m m ll G r any, fro far Hungary and Wallachia, wi

mingle gradually with the mass of the people in

T e the lands which they have sought. h y will

e e d e a forg t th ir istant country, or sp k of it only upon summ er evenings as they linger belate d in th e m eadows ; or when the fire burns high in the

e th T grat and e toil of winte r days is over . hen

e ma e the m e me pe rhaps th y y r call , for a us nt of

me li e th e b - e so st ning child , e story of th ir y gon

e e e struggl s , and t ll how th y wrought, and fought,

e —in e fle d and bl d vain ; how th y , a scanty band, vanquishe d and dispirite d doubting m uch to sail — w far ac ross th e seas into a foreign land unkno n , N xl I T RO D UC TIO N .

And e e . ma unfri nd d then , I pray God that they y be able to point with pride to th e fruits of honest

e e e industry and p rs v rance, and to read the child

e e n e e a l sson of ndura c and fortitud , of love and gratitude to hi s adopted country ; seeing the joy h that come s of t e hope which holds on untiring,

u m e m n e m . ndis ay d by a y failur s , forgiving uch

L et us on our part be kind and patie nt with

h e e e m th t e xil s, and slow to judg the by e same standard of worth which may be just among

T e ourselves . h y are not like the same men they were in their own happy hom e s those who knew them in form e r tim es c an hardly re cognise m e . e th now Is that dirty, disc onsolat person the sam e who was presente d to the traveller a few ye ars ago as the m ost rem arkable m an of his

— e e e country who had first sacrific d his fortun , th n — hi s time to her who was giving gratuitous lecture s in the colle ge he had founded ? Is this poor dispirited fugitive the m an upon whom the eye s of all th e scholars and philanthropists of E urope were turne d applauding

I NT RO D C T O N 1 11i U I . in a foreign language to m ake a living by his

pen .

Nor is it alone in literature that they have no

m em em the e vocation . We ust r ber that ducation of m ost continental gentlem en is eminently nu

Of mm e e m e e e tr practical . co rc , achin ry, l c ic te a h s the hi are e le m p , and t ngs that now quick n

' in m e m e e g n s inds with us , th y know wors than

e m en are m e nothing . But few of thes chanics , or

h - m persons connecte d with t e m oney aking trades .

T hey have been brought up under a system which brands comm erc e with an indelible mark of con tempt ; they belong to a society m ore aristocratic than sensible ; and they cannot at on ce eradicate the e e e T e pr judic s of their whol previous lives . h y are the m ea e m e e thus,for ost part, a gr t d al or h lp le E r ss than an nglish Peer, from previous t aining

of be e the me and habits thought, would und r sa

m e . O e m e r circu stanc s nc or ,then,befo e I conclude

e let m e this digr ssion , put in a plea for kindness

' and forbearanc e towards them ; and may God s

e m blessing guid y hand as I write it ! If, for INT RO D UC TIO N . xliii

e G e reasons which app ar satisfactory, any ov rn m ent should consider th e public pe ace best

the e e e m en m assured by xil of c rtain , it ight perhaps som etim e s be generous to consider th e possibility of imi tating the e xam ple of th e Porte

he re e le m R m towards t poo r xi s fro o ania, and give them th e m eans of living .

I have done : I have already written more and gone further afield than I inte nded . I have now only to add a few words as to my own share in th S m e th e D in e present work . o of e b st of the o e

e ee e e M . B o lentiniano hav b n coll ct d by , who has

i te m e m m ass s d with uch curious infor ation . For m e e e e sa m m e . ys lf, I n d scarc ly y, I clai no rit I do not venture to challenge criticism ; though he who spurs into th e lists of literature cannot c o m

be k him plain if a lanc e roughly bro en with , or hope that a maiden shield will save him from a

. L et m e e e e to m fall conf ss , how v r, that, as y

e e e e difliden c e e e own labours, I f l sinc r , not v n

mi e e re e un ngl d with r g t, that so nchanting and

graceful a task should have fallen into such R D T N xliv INT O UC IO .

I am li e o ne who h as clumsy hands . k had a

e e e e him a cask t of j w ls giv n to c rry, and who has

e e e m lost half by th e way . I have ind d don y

e e m m fai h ll r e b st to p rfor y trust t fu y, and t i d to

u e e e a e m e g ard ach with arn st c r , but any hav slippe d through ; an d when I compare th e number

h m e e m e and beauty of t e ge s which wer giv n , with

m al em s e is those still left in y h f pty ca k t, it ,

nk e . r fra ly, with no littl confusion I t ust, how

e e e th e r i ever, that th r is still nough of o ig nal charm left in the se songs to induce som e happier han d to wake again the note s I have perhaps but

L et m e e m in the m arre d . conclud y apology

addre ss of Moore to th e Irish Harp

If th e pulse o f the patrio t so ldier o r lo ve r ’ H t r f l ri ll a i to ne a h e e e t a th t ts ,

I was u t as h e win si i n e edlessl o ver b t d gh g h y , was ine o And all the wild sweetness I wake d th wn.

I hink m a e e O ne word more . t I y v ntur to

believe that I have not de ceive d m yself as to the

D oine e hi s rr e beauty of the . Po try w ch has ti d

the heart of one nation has generally an e cho T N INT R OD UC IO . xlv in that of another ; for all m en have very nearly

me e e m hi e m e s the sa f lings and sy pat s , uch l s modifie d than we think even by distance and

L e m e est mm e custom ond partout co partout, said a witty Frenchm an ; and he was right .

h e O th e S th e N T e fat of ssian , ongs of orth , the Spanish Ballads and Romancers would be

enough to encourage m e to hope for th e success

of th e present work : I nee d not say that such a

hope is altogether apart from that of any success

T h e B lus eem ee m e of my own . o s ind d to to have

about them som ething of th e charac te r of O ssian ;

e e in only that inst ad of b long g to a slow, grave ,

n ke th e S o e are th mi sty natio li c tch , th y e songs

e e e e mm e of a peopl who liv d b n ath a su r sky, and

e m e e all hi e whose dr a s w r of suns n and flowers, of

and e e . moons, and stars, silv r s as

If th e D oine give th e reader only half the

e e e e m e he ll be pleasur th y hav giv n , wi delighted

indeed with them : they have been collecte d

during one of th e happie st months of my life — o ne of those brief and pleasant tim e s in our N T N xlvi I T RO D UC IO .

e e e th e m em e e e xist nc , ory of which I do b li v m ake s us b etter e ver afterwards : m ore good nature d with th e world ; and whi ch se em to engrave them selve s on our minds like those picture s whi ch are e ine don by sunsh .

’ T e e e e th e e s o ne h y w r writt n in Princ s I land, of a little group just within hail of beautiful

m ul I e e e e a Sta bo . had gon th r invalid d ; and, s

m m e e rm e m he alth was co ing back to , th y fo d y

e e - e e o ne se occupation . S at d cross l gg d on of tho

T k f e we mi a e ur ish so as which I wond r do not i t t , th e D oine grew daily under my hands . My window overhung th e se a an d as my eye dwelt on th e e e e e s r m e mi nchant d wat rs, in that pl a ant f a of nd whi ch follows illne ss ; as I listen e d for the north

hi m e h e th e m ille e s wind, w ch ca laug ing ov r d wat r

em e r ee ill about noon, rousing th out of th i d p st sle ep like a wild playm ate ; th e songs se em e d to

e em se e s e the e in th e weav th lv s, ju t lik p arls story

” i te M ar aritel air of S r g I was living in f y land, am an e e e ong Fr k b auti s, wis birds, and talking

M s an e e s i suns . y ta k had ind scribabl fa c nation INT RO D UC T IO N . xlvii

in it . Th e drowsy song of the Greek boatman

e h e e e singing of his lov s, as pull d his light caiqu

m e m e e e the beneath y window, b ca r fin d into lay of the beautiful stranger to the daughter of th e

e - ee the d r o f Mik th laur l tr , or a ing chant e e young before th e robber chief.

My principal am use me nt after thi s was taking

Gree k le ssons hunting out from forgo tten corners of m emory th e words which had lain m ating there

e m eme since I left O xford . It was a pl asant a us nt,

T en almost bringing back a se cond boyho od . h I

th e e e m e be e e . had quaint st, kind st ast r to conc iv d

H e was the village schoolmaste r ; and all the

childre n in the neighbourhood seeme d to know

and love him : and as he was so amiable and good

nature d as to becom e alm ost my constant c o m

o n e e panion out of school hours, and f t days

e e e e e e (which w r pr tty oft n), I soon gr w to hav an

ac quaintance alm ost as e xtensive as his own . It

' was pretty enough to se e the aflec tion of his

scholars ; they waylaid and be set us in our

evening walks . T hemistocles or Miltiades xlviii INT RO D UC T IO N .

s m e - e e i n l (usually o scrubby, bright y d urch )wou d com e with abo ut and halo through th e vineyards

e e e m ri e em e dire ctly th y r cognis d y f nd, and, rging

c ult m th e c e th e with difi y fro thi k foliag of vines, would bring bunches of ripe grape s in their sun

l em burnt hands . H e would stop and ta k to th

a e m e e e e with pl cid kindn ss, and s il v ry sw tly

e th e when we had pass d on, as if flavour of kind

e words still lingere d about him . Surely th re is nothing in this world so sweet as to be love d

ur e n e the m e O ev ni g walks wer always sa , by the haunte d shore s of th e Sea of Marmora ; and

' e la beneath m e ed wh n it y , so still and hush , and the moon threw over it a flood of solemn and

e m e the august light, fancy gr w busy with , and

el shadows of an elder tim e people d the air . I f t that I was passing a brief season of tranquil

u e s u e tho ght and happin s , s ch as I was p rhaps

I n e never de stine d to pass again . was a boy o c d th e a e m e . I e more , talking l nguag of Ho r liv in

m e t e another world fro that I had l ft so la ly, with — - its fume and its roar its storm in a butter boat .

T T N IN ROD UC IO . and very m uch more than enough yet this is not m ere e gotism ; for to understand thoroughly th e

a we ul ch racter of any book, sho d know som ething

th e m s e e of circu tanc s und r which it was written .

’ P I L ND ars on s S A ,

Se t 3 p . 12, 1 85 . NT NT C O E S.

THE D AUGHTER o r THE LAUREL TREE

MARI ORA F LO BI O B A

THE FAWN

PA U NABU L C OD RI LOB

THOH As ALIMOSH

SrsrA N THE GREAT AND MOTHER

C O D RRANO

’ THE FERERrAR s DAUGHTER

BOU JOB

F AT Lo eo n r

THE MALEDI UH ON

31 03 AND POO R

Hm o THE YO UNG

THE Rmo A ND rHE HAND KE BOHIEF

‘ C RU i: GnosAvU L

T HE SU N AND THE Moon lii C ONT E NT S .

PAGE

C ONsTANDm BRANOOVANO

SERE SERAo

THE ROSE AND THE SU N

VID RA

THE MAID or C osIA

THE D OVE AND TH E C oc oon

BA LAU RU L THE S RP NT , E E

T HE BANQUET

MI OHAI SAvmc THE

MIHNEA D O HNU

MIROEA

MIC HAI THE BRAVE

SIRTE MARGARITE

MI ORA

NOTEs

NATIONAL AIRs o r RO UMANIA D O I N E

O R,

a n t e ent of mmies at s me S ags an Rg s Mu .

T H E DAU GHTE R O F T H E L AU RE L T RE E .

O E N e e ul e T e e P thy branch s, b autif Laur l r , and let m e go forth for it is th e hour when th e

E vening Star bathe s h er silver hair in th e limmd

e th e r wat rs of ivulet.

So speaks a fair girl shut up withi n th e

T h e Laurel ; and th e Laurel Opens its leave s . m a e an d e e id n springs out, d sc nds dancing into a flowery valley .

T he pale betrothe d of th e Sun shines softly

the the m flits through clouds, and ny ph through th e lle a th e es va y, light s e bre eze wh n it pass T H E D A T E R O F T H E A RE T RE E 2 UGH L U L .

H r th t over th e flowers . e large eye s refle ct e sof

li th e her and loving ght of stars , and long hair bre aks in a golden flood upon h er shoulders .

” s e ee i a s and Li t n, sw t g rl, s y a young hand

are m e e som e stranger . Your locks or b autiful than th e beam s of the sun upon a lily ; but

u e be t e e e acc rs d hy lov lin ss , for it has troubl d m f m y li e and y youth .

At the se words a blush burns on th e cheek of th e m ai d like drops of blood from a w ounde d h m e t e th e . bird , fall n upon snow of orning

T he young strange r trie s to embrace the be an

i e the e th e ir - a e t ful Daught r of Laur l, but fa h ir d m ai den flie s fast through th e pale shadows of

h W n t e ni ght . he far from th e traveller sh e

s and eem s e hi m th e stop , s to d fy ; but when

a e sh e fli e i an youth pproac h s s aga n, d both at

e e r t e we l ngth disapp a in h flo ry grove s .

T h e Star Queen sle eps in h er palace of

ee a e clouds ; sl p lso, gentl and lovely girl ; try to calm thy sighs .

So i s th e a s m e and th e s ng h nd o e strang r, A RE E 3 T H E D AUGHT E R O F T H E L U RE L T .

D aughter of th e Laurel falls to sle ep in his

m m e h er e arm s, ur uring a pray r to God that lov r m ay never abandon h er.

At h er h er Sh e sle eps . awaking, anxious eye s seek in vain for those of th e handsom e

Sh e ee him m e . Sh e h e strange r . s s no or s ri ks

him in al th e for wildly vain , and c ls to night to th e stars ; to th e rivulet that runs through th e wood ; to th e birds singing am ong th e

l h r h h as fl d flowers ; but none can te l e whither e e .

O e e e iful a e T e e p n thy branch s, b aut L ur l r the n crie s th e deserte d girl ; the night is already flyin g before th e first rays of th e day

I em e e e I al s light, and if r ain long r h r sh l dis olve

” away into dew.

A e i e es th e way, young and b autiful g rl, r pli

e T e e m th e a e Laur l r , ournfully ; st r wr ath of honour has fallen from thy brows ; there is no

” e e e e e e long r any plac for th h r .

T e th e th and h n sun rise s over e mountain , th e Daughter of th e Laurel dissolve s away

dew into . 4 MARI O RA F L O RI O RA .

MARI O RA F L ORI ORA.

SWE E T and pleasant is th e li fe of m an in

e e M e e e e f rtil oldavia ; flow r succ ds to flow r, and fruit to fruit beneath its generous suns ; myriads of m elodious birds enchant th e e ar with their delicious harm ony young and beauti ful m aidens

a e th e e e t k h art captiv .

But if you were to travel nine ye ars in th e

the Monteni an e e e country of , or in y oth r ; if v n you were to journey over nine lands and nine

e ul e m ai s as, you wo d nev r find d, or bird, or

s m s s e Mariora blos o , o wondrou ly lov ly as

F lo riora th e the M u n th e S e , Zina of o ntai s , ist r of th e Flowers .

h e is r e e e the S b ight as a t ar of joy, g ntl as

Zin a, nymph.

6 MARI ORA F L O RI ORA .

e T e u e e s e ake e the ? ak s, sw t si t r, oh ,t us and plac

in m we m a us thy hair, or in thy boso , that y toy

e e all ee e . with thy tr ss s, or f to sl p upon thy br ast

r ra i e e se e Ma io l st ns, pl a d and happy ; th n lying down among th e flowers sh e covers them with

s e e m e h er a and m e ki s s, and plac s so in h ir so in h her dl e . All see er gir who stop and cry,

m r n T e e the N m th e ad i i gly, h r is Zina, y ph of

” Flowers .

T h e hoary old m ountain grows young again

n h r h r e e e im e whe e hea s e st p, and dr ss s h s lf in

e e a e h r T h e a rob e of gr n and cryst l to re c ive e .

i s a e All ! Mario ra b rd aw k and sing, hail

F l ri ra ! l o o te l us what thou willest have of us .

Will you bathe in th e water that has never be en

e Are e e n i troubl d you s ki g for singing b rds , or for wild honey ; or will you listen to th e swe et airs of th e tender D oine

Wherever she appears sh e is m et with loving

s sh e e m a word , and liv s a ong h ppy thoughts, as

th e be e live s among th e gardens .

N e sh e e s e m e m e and everth le ss is p n iv so ti s , MAKI O RA F L O RI O RA .

when alone she fancie s that mysterious voices

e to h er fl e u ! o art whisp r so t y, B a tiful Zina th u

e e e young, lov ly, and g ntl ; thou hast wakene d

m an ! u love in y. Hast thou ne ver that

the time is com e for thm to love also ? Dost

e m one da die know, d ar girl, that thou ust y, ,

and ren der an ac count of thy he art in hm y en

" H OW m e adds th e e J any flow rs, voic

baring not the scentless flower of the lake which

blossoms at the gum of Paradise t o judge the

e sh e l e ri c r st, and that wil inquir st tly what they

” e e e hav don with th ir odours .

O ne day while musing on the myste rious voice

her Mario ra m e that haunts , eets a young strang r,

h h r hi s forehead . S e unconsciously casts down e h e r e e . ye s , and e he art b gins to be at turbul ntly

”

C alls buns ee s the strw er . , sw t girl, say g

Mariora i him h na vely thanks , though s e raise her eyes .

“ T e me u a m ll tr ly, f ir aid , then asks the 8 MARI ORA F L ORI ORA .

e er are th e a e a k r trav ll , you d ught r of ing, o th e s s e e e m I e I hadow of a w t dr a onc had , for

e r el e far see m e e hav t av l d and n any b auti s, but

” ne e ee no lik unto th .

ul ho I am e e th If thou wo dst know w , r pli s e

” n m m m s e th e e y ph, thou ust ask y si t rs, flow rs .

Art th e e m r al thou daught r of a o t , or of a

m e in e th e e Z u cont u s strang r.

ul I am If thou wo dst know who , answers

M ri r th e m ai a o a, ask ount ns and the bridgeless

r e the i - th e to r nts, sing ng birds, waterfalls, and th e young fawns .

T e res th e a r s th e h n, fai t of f i , ays stranger,

r e m en i ene r g adually b co ing l ght d, thou a t th e

N m th e e s th e ui e A y ph of Flow r , g d of urora .

T m e I hou art y fat , and a star fore told that

” should love the e !

’ Mario ra s heart is touche d by the gallant stranger ; sh e blushe s ; and both rem ain silent and pensive ; but her hand caresse s th e flowing m e hi s e e h an of hors , who n ighs till t e mountains

- re e cho . MARI O RA F L O RI O BA . 9

But now a fair young girl com es dancing to wards the lovers . A Wanton smile is on her

h e r e e e h e e . S lips, and hair is d ck d with butt rfli s co m e s fre sh from a garden ; upon h er breast are cluste rs of flowers ; in her hands she carrie s

e th e e - e e e e branch s of ch rry tr , lad n with rip fruit ; and sh e sings as sh e approache s them

O n my bre ast is a garden of swe et - scented

flowers ; whoever inhales their bre ath m ust be

. I e e my lover have strawb rries too , and cherri s ; m m i whoe ver tastes the ust give up h s life to m e .

Fair youth, will you have my cherries When

was fruit so tempting

h the e T hus singing, s e displays flow rs upon

h m T h e e er snowy boso . e strang r str tche s forth

Mario r him his hand, but a stays and says

T ake neither fruit nor flowers from that

I e e m e e the girl, for will give th y whol gard n ;

garde n of my bosom and the flowers of my

” he art .

“ M m e e e e y own Zina, y d ar d stin d brid ,

“ I e u m e re plie s th e youth . will giv p y trav ls 10 MARIO RA F L O RI O RA.

m e c e m t m m ee fro h n forth , and dis oun fro y st d,

" I m a - ere e that y stay h and lov thee .

Mariam u e e e bl sh s , and sh ds t ars of happiness ;

e n t he still car ssi g horse, who raise s his crest

hi s m st e proudly towards i r ss.

' ‘ T h e sh do vvs of e ve ning be gin to spre ad over

' the m o f a ea ountains, but a ray light pp rs sud

denl e the u m h y ov r rocks , and g rad ally beco es t e

m oon .

She her o the is at full , and l oks joyous as brow

of a bride : T he moon rem ains fixe d above the

s two h w rock , and looks down upon s ado s , who

e m e e e T e r brac t nd rly . h y a e intoxicate d with

e e th o r lov and forg t e w ld.

T hen th e moon seem ed t o shine with a more

august splendour ; sh e made a mystic sign to the

and ath e e th e stars, stars shon out and saw T shadows who e mbrac e d each other. owards

the v e the m midnight shadows anish d , and oon

set behind th e rocks ; but the bright stars whis

pered to e ach other

Bright flowers of the heavens Sweet sister N AR O KA rL o m o nA 1 1 I .

e le the ! e e ee trav l rs , through sky Hav y s n how the Nymph of the Mountain e mbrac e d h er lover

ev e in the world b elow . Alas ! she did not n se e e e n ! T e are e the us this v ni g h y gon now, m en her e e e are e e aid and lov r ; wh r th y hidd n ,

' siste rs

So the stars ascend towards th e west ; they spread them selve s shining over th e firm am ent to penetrate the myste ry ; and their rays illumine

At daybre ak Mariora awake s as if from a dre am ; h er belove d is be side h er . H e looks at he e r tend rly, and says

“ e M ario ra e e th e e I o D ar , g ntl as dov , w uld

z e ee e e ai ga upon th for v r, toying with thy h r, m and then die upon thy lily bo so .

Mariora e list ns with a blush and light laughte r .

She h er e m he r e e e hide s fac a ong gold n tr ss s , and

e e i pe eps out now and then lik a butt rfly, or a b rd singing as it fli e s through the tre e s .

Sh e m e e e e ak s a sign , and a tabl ris s load d

he e e with delicious fruits . T lov rs partak of 1 2 MARI O RA F L ORI O RA .

th e e L et al e banqu t, and say us ways lov o ne e are w e al in anoth r, for e not qu youth and en e es e e e in t d rn s , and in lov and g ntl thoughts

e da So passe s anoth r y.

T he next m orning when the bride and bride

m ake Mario ra m ake e n and groo aw , s anoth r sig , an ele gant carriage with six horse s appears

nd h e e h er. T e et a s e e th e b for h y g into it, t lls enchante d ste eds to let their shadow only hover

e th e fa e th e e and t ov r sur c of fi lds, to fly wi h

em a th swift s thought .

T h e rse s e e cou r n igh , and fly light r than

th a hi m shadows with e h ppy pair . In t s anner

e am v e m e m n ai th y r ble o r adows and ou t ns, but the m ountains on se eing a stranger by th e side of Mario ra F lo riora take o ff their

e hi v rdant rob e s and de the m selve s in clouds .

T h e e e s fall e e e th e e m l av y llow and with r d, str a s are e th e e ei e d troubl d, flow rs droop th r h ads an

e fad .

But the beautiful Mariora thought no longer

14 MAKI ORA F L ORI ORA .

fle etin g life and perishable world a sweet day ” e a e of lov is worth an g of vulgar happiness .

” en r e e e m the e Wh fo tun chang s, xclai s po t,

more griefs are crowde d into o ne sad hour

” than are enough to darken years .

Upon the third day Mariora felt h er spirits

h en e e e saddene d . S e was p siv , and w pt in sil nce

’ m N n on her lover s boso . o o e knew why she

e she e as ee th e e t w pt, for w pt w p flow rs for he i morn ng .

he e th e m u T day was lov ly, o ntains were h h e t e e e . T bath d in light, and vall ys in sil nce e

r e hi th e e bi ds k pt wit n pl asant shadows, and T neither flew nor sang. h e shadows were th e

only m oving things : they struggled against the li e e fled far th e ght, and wh n vanquish d into fore st .

i r em her e h Mar o a sighs , and bracing lov r, s e

A sentiment one would hardly have expec ted fro m the sun es ec iall after th e re c e din sentenc e bu t the stran e , p y p g ; g mixture o f religion and impie ty is one o f the mo st c urious c harac teristic s o f Wallac k poetry : perhaps o f the po etry o f all e l primitive p o p e. MARI O RA F L O RI ORA . 1 5

m e e l m a says Sing, y b lov d , that thy sou y pass

min e e m e I into e . Sw t h ave y days grown sinc

et e e O m l s th e t e m th , y sou , sing you h ; forg t

e f r he e for m e thy ski s , ai angel sister to t gold n

” s for I e te m for t e e . tars , hav forgot n y world h

e e e e th e air Sudd nly th r is a plaintiv sound in ,

’ as of a m other s voice mingle d with m ournful

T h e e ar em e Mariora bells . th tr bl s looks round fearfully : sh e se e s a black cloud hovering over

“ her m n n m e , dark and e aci g as a Z u spreading its sombre and awful wings over th e horizon . It is the sam e cloud whi ch rose from th e bright dr0ps

Mario ra h r w th e es e h er. in e hair, hich wav gav

ale and e e h e r e sh e grows p , b nding ov r lov r,

t s e says, wi h angui h d looks

e e O m e f e m e th e Far w ll, y lov , or told to by

star ! God has sent a Zm eu from th e m ountain

to tear m e from thine arms ; for sinc e I have love d the e I have forgotten His flowers. T hey

e e m ai e e I hav fad d, and co pl ne d to H av n that

e m abandon d the .

E vil spirit. 1 6 MARI O RA F L O RI O RA .

h e e she e ak h e S we ps as sp s, and t cloud rise s h e e t e e . T h e and ov rspr ads ski s e thund r rolls , and th e valleys and m ountain s re - echo it ; th e

e th e a s th e w m lightning flash s, rain f ll , inds oan,

’ and poor Mario ra hide s h er fac e in despair !

But fate is not to be pacifie d ; th e Zm eu arrive s

and seizing h er in hi s arm s flie s away with h er

' over th e m ountain ; after which the clouds

n m vanish an d th e heave s b e co e serene .

i th e e N m T he Where is Z na, Flow r y ph

M io ra F lo riora far r beautiful ar , into what count y

is sh e gone ? Is sh e wandering over nine lands

e e sh e e e the en and nin s as, or is s king for gard

e e e th e N m th e of Paradis , wher dw ll y phs and stars

N e e e e e one ever told , non v r kn w ; but, wh n

e e h er the full m oon is shining on a s ren night,

plaintive m urmurs are som etimes heard in the

e m caverns of th ountain . T HE F AWN . 1 7

T H E F A W N .

MY pretty Fawn ! look once again upon th e settin g sun ; it is th e last tim e you will behold

are m l e en m die it ; you y ittl fri d , and ust for my sake .

L et m e ll i e th e end th e n sti l v till of seaso ,

e m e e i e th e h il d ar ast r, r pl s Fawn , when t e l y

h e e e h r e th m of t vall y b nds e h ad upon e ste , when th e songsters of th e spring cease their

arm : e e the sun ifu h ony life is so sw t, so beaut l, l the e e . Ah et m e s e h av ns so wondrous , till liv ,

dear m aster .

Al ! an e m l T he e . as it c not b , y ittl Fawn

ee l s e e qu n wi l thy d ath , or a divorc , and if thou

e m e m e e e e lov st , y pr tty g ntl littl Fawn , thou

m ust die for m e . T H E F AWN .

T h ll be e en m e e th e y wi don th , ast r, answ rs

little Fawn ; I c an die to m ake the e happy ;

u I am e l e tho gh so young, so b autifu , and lif is

e so d lightful .

D o e e m e f e not w p , y littl ri nd, for thou dost

” ‘ e m e ar e th e br ak y h t, answ rs king, who can do

e m e t n a cru l thing or easily ha talk about it .

T h e ee s e m e bec au I qu n wi h s for y d ath , se am

a e w all her e proph t, and kno secr ts . But

a e 0 ! - m bew r , king for to orrow thy royal head

shall fall beneath th e knife of th e que en and h er lover .

“ No t m e e s th e so, y littl Fawn, r ason king,

thou sayest thi s to be revenge d against my

’ e e m e w e h H d or not as thou ill st, answ rs t e l . e e ea e th e e Fawn But b for thy d th t l s rvants,

em e ee ake m e n who r ain tru to th , to t y bon s a d m T m to m ake the e a coffin of the . hou ust tell

m m nd the to paint it with y young blood, a to

t e e te e a m bury h in it af r thy d th . Fro this c oflin

ll e a ee - s e e e e hi e sha aris sw t c nt d tr , w ch shall b nd T HE F AWN . 1 9 over thy tomb and cover it with a cool shade

T h e during the fierce heats of summ er . e tre

e f the th e m shall prot ct it rom winds and stor , an d i m r e m e h e sing ng thy isfo tun s and in , stop t

” e ee e pass nger to w p ov r thy grave . 20 PAU NASU L C OD RI L O R .

PAU NASU L C OD RIL O R.

A YO UT H and a m ai den are wanderin g through

T h e m e n is air a a e . e v ll y aid b autifully f , and sh e is crowne d with a chaplet of yellow flowers .

” S to m e ee ir a th e ing , sw t g l, s ys youth, that

I m ay hear thy sweet voice .

“ ee m e e e I would sing to th , y b lov d, answ rs th e m en th e e n ll e m aid , but cav r s wi cho y song, and th e Paunas th e m n ai th e e of ou t ns , Brav of

”

a e s mi e m e . br v , ght h ar

e no t m e m en e e F ar for , y gold b auty, answ rs th e a an en I am ne ee youth g ll tly, wh ar th and

” n n oh fe ar o t for thyself when thou art e ar to m e .

T h e young m aiden with th e golden hair be gins to sing ; th e E c lwe s carry h er song to th e Paunas

th e m ai s th e e e of ount n , and Brav of brav s

appears .

T HOMAS ALI MO SH .

THOMAS AL I MO SH .

F AR th e away, but not too far away, upon

k eist r h l and ban s of th e N e , at t e foot of a hil ,

h t e e bene ath t e shadow of a cluster of poplar r s,

T m Alim sh th e sits ho as o , Boyard

Ne hi m hi s m e ar stands urgo, with its gild d

dl H n il e e . e e s bri is f asti g, and thu sol oquiz s

I would drink a health if I kne w to whom

b m al an ee H e e shall it e to y g l t st d is a b ast, and c an do nothing but carry m e ! Shall it be to m m ? m m th e e s m e art y ar s y ar s, sist r of y h

But e ven they are only drie d wood and cold

iron .

As T homas Alimo sh is thus speaking he he ars h t e e . H e e al trot of a hors ris s, and, looking ong th e h e ee e m e plain, s s a young Brav , ount d on a H 3 T HOMAS AL I MO S . 2

d i black horse of the fam ous bre e d of D ii bro g a.

T h e hi al m e e cavali r, with s t l for and rav n hair,

H e e T m is the giant Manea . approach s ho as

Alim o sh d e i him th e , and, ad r ss ng as Boyard of

” a em he m e Lowl nds, d ands haughtily why has co into the country to ride over th e corn and th e

— e th e e s young vines to spoil th e vintag and harv t .

T hom as good - nature dly asks him to sit down

’ m e n th e eal and cool hi self, th n dri ks giant s h th, ff and o ers him a glass of wine .

T he giant Manea takes th e Wine in his left — — hand a sure sign of bad fellowshi p and with

hi H e hi s right draws s sword . wounds his

e e e m entertaine r in th br ast, and th n ounting

- m e . upon his coal black urgo, tak s hastily to flight

e ! Ill luck to thee, son of a spousele ss brid di I cries T homas Alim o sh in gnantly. f thou fallest into my hands I will send the e to per dition ! T hen staunchi ng with hi s hand th e

hi f m h m n blood w ch gushe s ro his wound, e ou ts

e . on hors back But his horse is old .

” n m he h O , on, y little horse ! says , wit a 4 T MA 2 HO S AL I MO SH .

ne e e hi Al ! if slight to of r gr t in s voice . as thou couldst go in thin e old age as thou didst in thy youth

T h e generous horse answers that h e will go faster than ever h e went before ; and T hom as

Alim o sh a ur him o n h e fl gain ging , i e s like drie d

s e e th e s th e W l gras b for bla t of ind, or ike a hawk

i e H e stoop ng on his pr y . soon overtake s hi s m ene y .

“ M ne e th e a e a a cri s Boy rd st rnly, thou

W e m e e rai e hast ound d lik a t tor, and tak n to

flight like a coward

M e is m e r e e an a dis ay d, and st ik s his hors H ue . e e e e fo e cr lly tri s to scap ; but his follows,

W e e e . e e t rribl , though dying h n n ar nough,

T hom as draws hi s sword and cuts him in two

e s e h e m e th e pi ce , xactly through t iddl of body ;

’ hewing o ff two of his horse s ribs with th e sam e

e strok .

So perish all who abuse th e hospitality offere d to a gue st !

M e m e the n a y littl urgo, th n says dyi g w rrior, T O MA AL IM H H S O S . l

my eye s are closing th e clouds above grow

m H s en e m e to e . a t onc or , and be ar m e quickly yonder beneath the shade of th e poplar

e I il di e . W en I re . e e am t s w l th r h dead, and m s a e e e di m e y hand cannot c r ss th , thou wilt g a grave with thine iron shoes with thy te e th thou

m T h e il wilt cast e into it. poplars w l grow bare

h e th e m w e e e w n autu n ind blows , and th ir l av s

” will cover m e . T EF AN T H E RE A AND H I E R S G T S MOT H . i!

T EF AN H E S T GRE AT AND H I S MOT HE R.

UPON a gloomy rock near an ancient castle in

Moldavia a fair lady passe s the night in we eping.

is th e e ef the M . It brid of St an , Duke of oldavians

H er blue eye s glitter like two violets beneath th e

m orning dew ; and Sh e dries h er tears with h er

H e e e m e long hair . er husband has b n gon so

the sh e e f m days to wars, and has not h ard ro

him As sh e il e e s e . st l w p a horn is h ard to

the e - sound at castl gate .

e ! m e m e e th e e O p n oth r in , cri s faint voic of

m M rm s tte e a spent horse an . y a y is ca r d, and

I have fle dhi ther from the field O pen th e gate

th e e en m quickly, for wind blows k ly ; y wounds

ul I am un e e . are painf , and surro d d by fo s

At these words th e young princess flies to 27 sT EF AN T HE GRE AT AND H I S MOT HE R .

’ h h m e him t e lattice . But t e warrior s oth r asks

e e m I mm What dost thou h r , y son co and

” m She and thee to re ain without. speaks ; going

the e e e e e the upon t rrac , thus st rnly addr ss s

fugitive

l e What wou dst thou , strang r It is in

e e e e is e re vain that thou s ek st to nt r th castl , p M tending to be my son . y son is with his

hi m H e e e braves , where duty calls . has n v r

e ur i me r if r t ned to h s hearth in sha ! O , thou . art m I am m e . Go d y son , not thy oth r If has reserved su ch a disgrace to embitter th e re st of m ee m 8 011 e y days , if thou art ind d y , th n know that thou shalt ne ver enter this castle with thy

H e brows unlaure lle d . who knows not how to di e for his country is like those ill - om ene d night

h ul birds who se e only in t e dark. If thy so has

e m lost its noble courag , go back then to th e re al s

N m e r the of ight, fro wh nce thou ea nest, for m ” orning breaks .

Re e call d to his duty by these burning words, E R 28 ST F AN T H E GRE AT AND H I S MOT HE . the uke e hi s a m th e d r turns to r y, and is T h T renewed . e urks are either route d or cut to

e e S e th e e u n m pi c s, and t fan First r t r s in triu ph

to his castle .

E 30 O OD R AN O .

C e’ m oc o n e all buna, , a pl asant journey to

e C o dréano n him . you, cri s , accosti g

T n e e e the m o c o n ha ks , broth r, r pli s .

” T m e m o c o n the m un ain n ell , of o t s , the says

“ C o dré ano wil e e m , t thou chang thy hors for y

sarica and a waggon with eight oxen

I l a te m e a s r wi l not b r r y hors ag inst thy a ica,

e th e m o c o n th e al dam answ rs , for with fo s of his

I n h e fa e O and i pay th e re t of t ir Vall y of lto, f

I would have sold him I might have had the rich l lands of Movi ao .

H m l e m o c o n e C o dréano ark, y ittl , r turns ,

t I m e e I e e him sof ly, ust hav thy hors , for d sir

e . e him m e so ard ntly, and God is good Giv to

e I h e ell th n at once ; wish to try if e go s w , and if h e pleases m e I will give thee my soul hi ” for m .

T h e m o c n e e e o at l ngth yi lds his hors ,

C o dréano m s th e e e e and e ount upon fi ry st d, giv s him th e T h e e e e r in . hors go s so fast that mountains and valleys seem all mingled in o ne

f e m s con us d as . c o nREAN o . 31

n m e e e T he m o c o is uch distr ss d. By thin

” “ h e m eyebrows, e cri s , I ight have known thou

e ! m h e wert a thi f But, s othering his wrath ,

é e calls afte r C odr ano to return his hors , or give him th e waggon and eight oxen which he punnfismi

m i e m o c on e th e e Not so, y l ttl , answ rs robb r, conte mptuously ; you had better make m e a

” pre se nt of him .

o i e e m h e S say ng, and d light d with his urgo,

' inn e e he e uafls ride s away to an , wh r f asts and q

S th e e u e e not with anta, b autif l host ss , but do s

m h e the e dre a of paying, though drinks rich win

W e he e of C atnari . h n has finish d his carousal

m s e e C he ount his hors and rid s towards apo, P e h e the o s him . wher lives . But tera i ride after

C o dré ano se es that the Albanians are pursuing him h e ei ffe e e , but f gns indi r nc , and having by h me er e e e e . this ti anoth app tit , sits down to supp r

e e C o dré an the e Surr nd r, o says Pot ra, h n is e . S r e die . e tering hous u r nder, or

odré ano e C , who is hospitably inclin d, and 32 C OD E EAN O . probably still in a good humou r with his new

“ e e hi s m n an d acquisition , r pli s, that utto is fat

” a e tender, and th t his wine is old . H e r quests the P o te rasi to partake of som e refre shm ent

But the Albanians have a dull ear for plea

fir e C o dré . T e e ano santry h y th ir pistols at , who

m e an d n th e th e only s il s, plucki g balls out of

e em flesh with his fing rs , loads his durda with th

e and cri s, indignantly

Ill betide ye ! Pagan robbers ! I will fee d my dogs with your bone s ; you are fit for nothing ” ff m th e . n o e els T he , firing his durda, ost of

Albanians li e weltering in their blood . T heir

e e e e ma th e e t chi f, how v r, L onti ( y ar h swallow

3 e e m e him !) tak e s 0 th silv r buttons fro his v st,

d hi s a e em and loa ing c rbin with th , discharge s

n m m C ré it i a ost unjustifiable anner at o d ano .

T he e e n robb r is wound d, and growi g angry at

hsltac e o ff this, hurls his at L onti and cuts his

Th e e e the he ad . h ad of L onti rolls in dust, but

e t ll his body has l arned good manne rs , and s i

' stands bowing before C odréano . s c O D R AN o . 33

the e e e hi s u After this Brav , we ak n d by wo nd ,

ee im falls upon his kn s , sustaining h self with his

. in h e hands , and this position is surrounded by the Potera and taken .

T e him e J s e e h h y carry prison r to as y, wh r e is

Ili s e n M e c c e . brought befor , r igning Pri of oldavia

e e Ilice is seate d on a divan , and holds a sc ptr in

e th e e e e T his hands . N ar to Princ is s at d a urk from Stamboul .

” “ o dré n the e e m C a o , says Princ , t ll y high ness truly how many C hristians hast thou Slain ?

M e e C o dré an o I e y lord, r pli s , sw ar to

e I e e e S C your highn ss hav n v r lain a hristian , though I have kille d m any pagans . Whenever

I m et with a C hristian I shared my goods with

him . he e I o ne If had two hors s took but , and

e him h I l ft the other . If e had twenty piastres gave him back ten but when I m et with a T urk

” I e e t him took his h ad , and l f his body .

“ T he - l e T thick ipp d urk, who was se ate d on the di e e th e e van b sid Princ , grew pale at these words and said that if C odréano lived another fl 34 c o na w o . year h e would drive the T urks out of th e

T e th e n e he e country . h n turning to Pri c , urg d i m é h m to show no ercy to C odr ano , who was ff o e l n him . capable of carrying his wif , and ki li g

But C odreano answered with much coolnes s

“ L t e to e e and dignity, e not my lord list n th s

be th e o f . strangers , who will ruin us

“ “ O ff with his head ! crie s the Prince : but

' stay ; first se nd for a confe ssor !

e e e an d the m T he n the gate s ar op n d, fa ous

T e e him e e e robber led out . h y s at in th v stibul of the church ; his hands and fe et are shackled

n e e i e him with iro s , but a conf ssor is b s d .

“ m an e th e m ee Holy , cri s e robb r kly, unbind my hands that I m ay make the sign of the cross

” h un before I die . T e priest binds his right

o dréano e m hand , and C s arche s in his boso for

l h hi s al sh h e th e e e his p a o s . With p o cuts f tt rs him T e . e which bind , and is fr e h n going

th e th e n e he beneath windows of Pri c , reprove s

him sternly .

“ e m he O p n thy windows , y lord , says , that fi c o na ANo .

we m a e ee e e . T e ea y h ar and s ach oth r h n l rn,

0 e ee ee th e Princ , that it is unworthy of th to s k m life of a brave like e .

T he Prince conceals himself in the cellars of th e al e th e Al ani an se th e e p ac , and b s clo gat s of th e courtyard .

” en e o dréano O m all T h , cri s C , y g ant

ee e e m st d, wh r art thou thou ightst save my life .

’ T he horse hears his m aster s summons in the

s e and m e tabl , co s out plunging joyously, with

i the hi s e his tail flow ng in wind, and cr st erect .

o réan o m nd n e h C d ounts, a spri ging ov r t e walls h e says, tauntingly

el ir n e ! S e Farew l, S Pri c tay saf ly on thy h I m m t rone while go back to y kingdo , and God

”

e ee m l e wit . sav th , y lord, for thou hast ittl ’ T H E F E RE N T AR D A E S UGHT R .

T H E F E RE NTAR ’S D H AU G TE R.

MY belove d is gone to th e wars ; and since

e t m e I e W h l f hav known no joy . h en e went

I e a e I e him m bridl d his ch rg r, and gav y heart

” in a kiss .

So s Ma e th e n e a s ung ri beautiful m aide , and t r

a e n h er ee s e th e e s sp rkl d upo ch k , lik d w of m n n n or i g upo a flo wret .

But as sh e sings sh e hears th e dear voice of

h er e . H e e r e al n th lov r has r tu n d o e from e wars, an d s h er I e e m mr say to , hav l ft y co ades upon the e - field an d I am m e ee battl , co back to th , O my beloved ; for without thee I c an dwell no longer in th e world !

h rav t Un appy knight, what es thou

th e m T e o ne answers fair aiden . h re is no

38 B OU JOR .

B O U J O R.

B O U JOR th e robber is m aking the whole country ring with th e fam e of hi s crimes. H e never murders anybody ; but h e hates the

ene e e f ll Boyars, and wh v r any of th m a into his hands h e compels them to give money to th e poor.

“ ” Up my m erry m en ! cries B ouj or to his band ; follow m e ; I know th e way we must take

m ai I th e S e e the over the ount n . know pot wh r

flocks are fee ding an d the limpid waters flow .

I know the place where we shall find gold an d h e . hi e t e young m aidens, and pretty wiv s W l ban d prepare to depart there is a soft voice — he ard through the valley th e voice of a young

h O n r B o u or is e er . gi l . j pl ading to for a kiss a 8 9 s om o . the banks o f a rivulet two young wom en are washing the corn B o uj o r has his arm encircling

A i m e i o e in their waists . fa r aid is gath r ng fl w rs h er garde n ; and it is again Bonjor who is whispering of love to her.

At th e frontier town of F oc c hiani the re is an old road - side inn standing in the shadow of som e

B ou or e e e tree s . j has arriv d th r , and is soon by

e Anitz the ea i h s e . Sh e the sid of a, b ut ful o t ss intoxicate s the brigand chief with kis se s and his followers with wine .

Anitza m e e the , y b lov d, says insinuating

m e h Bonjor, who see s to hav bee n as fond of t e

“ di e I m m a I e e la s as an rish an , y ask th for a

e i n scarl t flower thou wilt find t o thy lips .

I e ee the e S ef e s B o u or will giv th flow r, t ani j ,

“ e e the e m r pli s host ss ; co e , cull it with thy

e e th P kiss s ; but drink no win , for e oterasi are near us .

L et em m e I e th co , f ar not, replie s Bonjor,

m e e th e d boldly ; y sabr li s upon boar .

Th e consequence of this is that Bonjor come s 4 0 B O U JOR .

- e as m s ai s e e . H e to gri f, o t v n gloriou p opl do h T h ne glects th e warning of t e pretty hostess . e

Po t rasi e and h e e to . e arriv , is born away prison

h u u awe e T e co rt is str ck with at his app arance .

m Stefanic a th e e e e Fa ous , asks judg , r sp ct

th e a ue m an fully, putting usu l q stion, how y

” m en hast thou murdered ?

T h e e e h e e robb r r pli s, scornfully, that has

m e h e e e never urder d anybody, but that has b at n a great m any Boyars .

s en th e e Stefanie , th says judg , if thou

”

l e sa e e e s are en . wouldst iv , y wh r thy rich hidd

I have hidden my wealth in th e hollows of

th e m a find an e th e tree s, that poor y it, sw rs

e . robb r, coldly

T h e e n e n th e aff n xt day Bo jor di s upo sc old ,

d th e m e him e e an poor ourn ov r , for th y hav lost a friend . F AT L O GOF AT . 4 1

F AT L O GOF AT .

O H stay ! F at L o go fat ! of th e fair wavy

s e th e hi lock , for yond r upon ll top a black

B alaur is awaiting thee .

Fair maiden with th e laughin g mien and

e I e r no t the B alaur I with th e silk n sash, f a , for

” am arm e d .

e fire an Rash youth , with thy glanc of and h d

m e th e B alaur is n an d so e with all b auty, stro g

” wicke d ; oh stay !

A th e a th e - an d ngel of st rs, with dove eye s

” th Zm éui em e e m m e . lily cheeks, all tr bl at y na

il e m an d Great warrior, with thy g d d ar s with

e th e B alaur a e thy gentle voic , pl nts his footst ps

on th e mountain an d touches th e violet skie s

” with his lofty cre st. AT L r 'r 4 2 F o e o i .

Bird of th e mountains with thy flower- dye d

e I e r e m m u he wings, wh n b st id y rgo can spring

m e m sea se a fee u th e with fro to , and his t sp rn

” clouds .

0 F at L o ofat the air g , with wavy h and

e e th e mile g ntle voic , with bright s and fearle ss I e e e e e e e e . h art, do not l av th s halls ; for lov th O h stay !

e m e e Swe t aid, with v ry beauty, if thou love st l ” m e then wi l I try to be worthy of thy love .

So e th e e th e m ai he , d af to pl ading of den, kills th e B alaur and returns to m ake her hi s bride . SALGA . 4 3

S A L G A .

h e e the O n t e of th e Danub , n ar

f S r . T e o alga, there is a band of b igands h y

and the Sc hobani allow themselves to be bound

i b e . B the e of all ll d But it is against acio , chi f the: e h er shepherds, that the an g r of t e robb s i H e . s chiefly dire cte d . e is s ized and bound

H aiduc i ! cries Bacia, if you have ever done

o c one m a go d a tion, do now and unbind y

” Th e m e an . e l e th ca h ds robb r c o p i s, and e ptiv

and the valleys soo n re so un d with its te nder and 4 4 SALGA .

T he e e th e e e e m e the l av s on tr s tr bl , and fish com e up to th e surface of th e listening waves of th e Danub e .

T he e i l S l the o the le b aut fu a ga, lady f val y,

e th e e e e m and e l h ars plaintiv cho s fro afar, t l s h er m other - in - law that she fears th e Sc h obani

e e m n have lost th ir hors s or istake their road, and so fallen into th e hands of th e brigands .

m - in - e e e all E lderly others law , how v r, hav usu y T no confidence in anything . hey are as a rule averse to being disturbed ; she therefore c o n: siders th e question will be be st dispo sed of by

a d T h i S e . e Sc h n e lga going to b oba , sh says, always play those m elancholy tunes when they

m T e e . e e e e think of ho his s nsible sp ch , how v r, is hardly ende d when th e sam e so und is he ard again , but still m ore wild and plaintive .

“ ” ! ! m e e S i Up up y brav s , cri s alga, refus ng

h r m - in - T o any further parley with e other law . your arms ! and saddle my ste ed ; I will ride h with you to t e re scue .

h m e sh e S e spe aks , and ounting on hors back

T H E MA E T N L D IC IO .

MALE DICTION .

YO UT H maiden are ascending ste ep

T h e ai an d a e e youth sings g ly , c r ss s

th e m e earil his courser . But aid n walks w y by

s e e n . his ide , v r sighi g

L et m e m u e n ee e o nt up b hi d th , young lov r,

sh e e e fo r I am re th pl ads g ntly, ti d ; e road is

and I a stony c nnot walk .

I ul a e ee ehi e e th e wo d t k th up b nd, r pli s

nd I n . M m a youth, but ca not y charger is s all

are H e no e his feet delicate . can w hardly b ar

” m its i m a e ss m arm . y body and s ns, y h rn and y s

” T h e a is ile an e the y h rt pit ss, sw rs girl

T e m f m m kin dr e wildly . hou hast stol n e ro y d , and now abandon m e in thi s de sert ! God gran t that thou thyself m ay fall into slavery among the E N 4 7 T H E MAL D IC T IO .

r s t e e an m a T u k , tha thy f t and h ds y be shackle d w h e an d em e m a it irons , that lov r ors y haunt thee in es s mi er m a m e thy sadd t day , that my s y y co

ee m a fail ee hom e to thee , that thy st d y th , that

m e th e u in m e thou ayst bit d st sha , that thou m ayst be nine tim e s wedded and have nine

e m s m ai sons ; th n , that thou ay t arry ag n, and have a daughter ere one com es to bring the e

n water in thy priso .

"E th e s il e a- But youth t l rid s singing on his way.

There is something very naive and Wallac k about thi s

ballad. RI C H N A D PO OR .

RICH AND PO OR.

A LIT T LE below th e mill there is a small an d e e e f e th r sid by side sit two way ar rs, a rich

’ m h m s e e s an and poor o ne . T e rich an h art sw ll with pride as h e give s th e host a ban to brin g

m hi m n n so e wine for s co pa io .

T h e m an e e di ai ull poor , how v r, laughs sd nf y,

all th e s h e e him and c ing ho t, giv s a zlot, and

e n e his e propos s in tur to tr at n ighbour .

e e th e m an ul s Poor wr tch cri s rich , wo d t thou com pare thyself with m e ? T hou hast not e e shirt h e m e e th e v n a , w il y flocks and h rds cov r plain . T hou canst not offer wine to m e we are

” not e quals . Wh m ? ” m at atters answers th e poor an . If

e e a are e k th you hav lands and w lth, not rich s li e e

N 5 0 m o T HE YO U G .

H MIHO T E YOU NG .

UPON a narrow path of Mont B arlat stands

H e f 9 . Miho the Young with th e air o . peacock

beguiles the silence of th e ro cks with his flute .

e I t is midni ght when he m ounts hi s little hors .

T he i m th e n th e fore st s gloo y, ight dark, and

r T h e flints fire e th e road ve y rough . flash und r

f disa s O f s e e . e hoo his t d H e pass s by, and p

th e pears in the forest . H e breaks away e gr en

hi a and the wood noisily with s h nds, rocks

e the . e r sound with crash H passes, and speaks

thus to hi s steed

m e m D e Up ! up ! y littl urgo . O not leav th e

e e we m b at n track, or shall fall into the chas .

e th e le ee th e Do s sadd gall th , or e bridl pinch ,

that thou laggest so M O T H E O N 5 IH Y U G . 1

M e the e e not e ast r, saddl do s gall, or th bridle

” “ m e e the T pinch , answ rs murgo . hat which

me I five irks is , that know forty and brigands

e e T e are e e lurk n ar h re . h y f asting in yond r

e e e th n th e e the vall y, b n ath e rock o bord rs of

e . T e e e e for st h y hav a ston tabl , split into four

e parts , and inscribed with gold n letters like that

Yano usc h th e t of a book . , Hungarian , is si ting

m : e m e s with the his long b ard , grown gray in cri , f e e en e e alls upon his br ast, and d sc ds b n ath his H broad belt . e has a keen sword and a hard

e Ne him r m ri h art . ar a e so e bold Hunga an

u le e re e yo ths, who ft th ir pa nts wh n but children .

T hey are brave and enterprising ; they have empty

e e e e purs s and broad should rs th y w ar high hats , and i e e long ha r which falls upon th ir should rs .

Woe to th ee and to m e if the y h ear u s !

O n ! on ! my ste ed ! and fear not ; for I am

- e e . T m m stout h art d rust to y strong arm , y

” h e m e broad c st, and y t rrible sword I

The le e M litt hors continues his road, and iho spe aks again 5 2 m o H E N T YO U G .

O n ! on ! my little m urgo ! to yonder

alle e e the e if v y, wh r b aut ul woods are c ar

ete d w ee a th p ith gr n gr ss, and e wild flowers

grow .

Yanousc h wh o ha r But , s isen from table to

o ne hi s m u toast of co rades , t rns pale ; for h e hears borne upon th e breeze at intervals th e

n T h sound of som e o ne singi g . e song is a song sung by the brave s ; and then com e the note s of an ivory flute of intoxicating sweetne ss . H e rise s and addresses his band

s en and e I Li t , lads , b lt on your swords ; for he ar th e sound of a flute coming through the

h nd min leaves of t e fore st. Away ! a stop this strel ene s e h r b ath yon poplar tree n ar t e b idge .

th e a e e e let him O m e If tr v ll r is a brav , g unhar d

h e is s e but if a dastard , poil d by luxury and

an o nne s i e him th e ear and e d w t s , g v a box on , s n

his s hi m abo ut busines .

T h e Hungarians go away from th e feast to

ai fo r M o who s em em w t ih , look at th cont p

tuo usl a s y, and s y

N 64 m o T HE YO U G . the m e the e a e ountains answ r, eagl s g th r round,

e fir- e e th e e th tr s wave , e torr nts stay th ir m m h k an d ur urs , and t e stars spar le faint away .

h n are T e Hungaria s e nchante d ; and Yano usc h ,

a i e vi e the m e ch ng ng his ton , in t s instr l to suppe r .

“ ” “ Sit m ' brave h e m e down , y , says , and a us us during th e feast ; afterwards we will wrestle together .

T e sit e m me h y down to tabl , aking rry and drinking toasts ; but after the rep ast Miho th e

Moldavian and Yano usc h the Hungarian begin to

e th e H wrestl , ungarians watching keenly eve ry

th T h m e turn of e struggle . e co batants pr ss

e e e e e e e th ir ch sts and kn s tog th r, and writh and

B ut grapple with e ach other like two lions. at last Miho seizes Yan o usc h in his arms and throws him to the ground ; then placing him

ee th e e e upon his kn s, draws t rribl sword, and ’ fl' cuts the robber s he ad O .

are e i m zeme Th e Hungarians sil nt w th a a nt .

r Miho th ows down his sword, and says to them MI HO T HE YO UNG . 5 5

Wh oever among you is strong enough to lift

m d es e e m a l I y swor as it li th r y fo low m e, and

l e hi s hi wi l b c ef.

Th e un a i n tr rai e th H g r a s y to s e sword, but in

vain .

T hen Miho says to them contemptuously

h ds m la and e Leave t e woo , y ds, r turn again

Yo u mke e e n to the plough . will a b tt r husba d

” n m en tha robbers .

e th m After which h picks up e sword, ounts

e m ak th e hi s horse , and rid s away, ing woods

h e e his v r e musical with t ton s of i o y flut , so

“ tender and passionate)

I h ave given this ballad and the fo llowing a translatio n alm t wo r fo r wo r t at the rea er ma see so met in m o r os d d, h d y h g e st l an in the o e o f the y e th th rs. A KE 5 6 T HE RIN G AND T H E H ND RC HIE F .

TH E RING AND TH E H H AND KE RC IE F .

H E the of was son a king, young and strong

- h as th e fir tree Of t e rocks . H e had wedde d a

n m e e the e e e you g aid n , a daught r of p opl , lov d by all who looked upon h er. Sh e was fair as th e e th e e the fi e m s flow r of fi ld, or as rst b a of th e m i orn ng .

And when th e Prince was called away to the

h e h er M e a e e hi wars, said to , y d r wif , tak t s

i e r e m a e . s l ttl ring, and w ar it for y s k If it tu n

il a am e black thou w t know th t I d ad .

“ ” M e a s n e e e y d r hu ba d , answ r d his brid ,

a e hi s d e em e e t k thou also t han kerchi f, broid r d over with gold ; if th e gold wears away thou wilt m know that I a de ad .

H n hi s e mounts upo courser, and ride s away

HE R N C E F 5 8 T I G AND T H E HAND KE R HI .

T hey are borne to the church and burie d

T h e un e rie e th there . yo g Princ is bu d b neath e

h e h altar, and towards t e ast ; and is bride in the

s the e . th ai sle, toward w st Over e tomb of the youth there grows a yew- tree which over

shadows th e church ; and the tomb Of hi s bride

is fe stoone d with th e tender shoots of the vine

which spre ad and mingle with the branches of

th - e e belove d yew tr e . ' 9 GRUE GRO SAVU L . 5

G RU E GRO SAVU L .

J e th m ks the eister is alp n, on e b of N , a mountain whose summit reache d the heavens .

It is inhabite d by the Smé o e and the Zerno e ; but upon it is encampe d an army, whose tents

A the e e Spread far and wide . bove all r st ris s a tent made of carpets of many colours ; it has

’ e I mlken cords and silver p gs to fasten them . t is so magnificent that it might be th e te nt of a

ur t queen h o a far coun ry .

T Ghirai e K the here lays , the ag d han of

if! . e is m le his wea n his dr ss si p , and only w

“ zti; ad ar m e e i e A a j , ount d with pr c ous ston s . round mm are a band of small - eyed T artars they are

before the m a n upon a soft carpet ; th th R ma but at e door of e te nt is a ou n, with his ii 60 GRU GRO BAVU L .

T w T arms bound ; it is Grue Gro savul. o artars are pre paring a stake to im pale him ; two othe rs loading him with taunts and insults ; but Grue is singing joyously .

Th T m e th mac e e artar wo n also, e aqu s , or

th e th e m e e e wive s of e chi fs of ar y, app ar b for

“ Kh him A e e th e an , and thus addre ss , v ng us ,

K m an e he O han , upon this Gru , for has slain many of our pe ople ; h e has made their wives

e e he has widows, and th ir daught rs orphans ;

” h the C m devastate d the Boujak and alf of ri ea.

th K an r e SO e h d aws his sword , and says to Gru

e e e e — e e e in a t rribl voic , Gru r nown d, brav hope no m ercy from m e but tell m e hast thou indee d slain m an y T artars ? Grue answers

e e K e e tauntingly, V nerabl Lord han, l av thy

am R m a sword in thy belt, for I a ou n, and cannot

e a e m e quake be for a pagan . I c r not for thy rcy,

h e e but I will tell t e truth . I hav kille d a gr at

the e many T artars since I invade d Boujak. I hav m e m m e e e ad any widows , and your aid ns hav w pt W themselve s old because O f m e . hen I passed

T H E SU N AND T HE MO O N .

H H T E SU N AND T E MOON .

F o s nine long years th e bright sun has been se and n e se s ve eking for a bride , in cour r ha grown weary with th e fatigue of his journeys ;

for h e h as travelle d through earth an d air with

H e th e Spe e d of an arrow or th e wind . has

re hi s ee h e m e . ti d st ds, but has not found a at

T h e only m ai den who has m et with favour in his sight is hi s sister Ilena C o zin z ena.

B e m e e e e C zinz ena. y brid , sw et sist r Il na o , pleads th e brilliant D ay God ; our hair is of th e m e e hu e we are e e sa gold n , and qually b au

h n u . I am t e e th e e e tif l bright r, but thou g tl r mi e e e are the m e i e ar th n y s ost ard nt, but th n e e

” most soft .

O and s e e a e s bright potl ss broth r, nsw r T H E SU N AND T HE MOO N . 65

o zinzena m e Ile na C , ournfully ; a broth r and a

" e m a m r be ! sist r y not a ry , for it would a sin

T un e he S darkens at the s words , and ad

m se a h ma dresse s hi lf to God , praying th t e y

e C o zinz ena. e marry his sister Il na , sinc in earth or air there is no maiden so beautiful .

T h e n r e m him a g y D ity otions to follow, and le ads him through hell and paradise ; through

h o n h un th e t e e to frighte n t e S , and through

e e oth r to d light him . H e then bids him choose

An d the ' Sun shining brightly answers

B etter hell than that I should wander for e ver

e th e ! Y s e e el lon ly through world e , v n h l with

” Ilena C o zinz ena.

the un e is e e T hen S r turns to h b troth d, and place s a crown of gold upon h er brow ; the

e h er a crown of a que en . H e giv s also robe made of precious stones of as m any colours as the e e h r e e rainbow, and th n l ads e r b lliously th to e altar .

e e the m the But th r la m go out, and walls of 66 T HE SU N AND T HE MO O N .

the temple shake a nd trem ble . T he priests

' struck dumb and their sacre d robe s fall ofi .

T he e ri e e e n beautiful brid , horror st ck n , s s an iro hand de scend from th e heavens ; it seize s and

casts h er into the se a.

n un n th T he the S grows pale , and risi g into e

ir h e t a the e e e n the a , se s tow rds w st, d sc ndi g into

e e e his e e e . wat rs , wh r brid has disapp ar d

' But the o fiended D eity stretche s forth his

e the se a I e C o zinze na hand ov r , and changing l na

n e ere she e me the M n i to a gold n sph , b co s oo .

An f e e ea th e aw ul voic is th n h rd in e h avens ,

the m h pronouncing doo of t e disobedient.

T le C o zinz en n hou I na a, and thou bright a d spotless Sun ! Ye shall gaze upon each other

m l e fro afar, and fo low ach other thro ugh illi mitable e e e m e i spac for v r or , draw ng nearer

" never 1

B O GD AN .

m e scort of fifty brave and handso e youths.

’ W e e e the m en hen th y arrive there , how v r, aid s

m n e father closes th e gate s upon the and a nounc s ,

“ that whoever is to be hi s son - in - law must spring over th e wall and open the gate for

' himse lf ; that th e re negade may judge of the

” strength and ability of his future kinem an .

' T he yo ung Princ e springs over th e wall and

e th op ns e gate .

Th e ren e gade twirls hi s moustac he with great

i f i u sat s act on at this feat, but being nat rally a man he e the of a doubting characte r, introduc s

Prince to three young ladies all exactly re sem e bling ach othe r and e qually beautiful.

e T h T h y are like three flowers on o ne stem . e

e es m e . Princ gaz upon the , and his eyes sparkl

' th e ene e e e th e e But r gad , r solving to prov Princ s

sc e m e e re m him di rn nt thoroughly, b fo ad itting

o m a e int his fa ily, has nother trial in stor , and says that his future son - in - law m ust re cognise his bride before h e will be allowed to marry h er.

T e t e i h n Bogdan af e r a little re flec tion , b th nks B A 69 O GD N . him of a notable plan to get out of his embarrass m H e e th e m e ent. tak s ring fro his fing r and

the e throwing it haughtily down on carp t, says ,

' ’ he has a sabre whi ch can cut o fl young ladie s

e e e heads ; but, that who v r will ov rlook this

m e him h e m a circu stance and tak as is , y pick up

e the e t the e the ring . His brid , young s of sist rs ,

him h e down o n m eantim e recognising , s kneels the carpet and picks up the ring ; though h er eye s

n i h n w lfl a l sue bh de d wfi p umus, a d d e lo dbs ua fly overcharged with dew and be nding in the breeze .

When sh e has m eekly placed the ring upon h er e B n e he r e e d the fing r, ogda kiss s for h a , and trial of his skill being now con sidered sati s

e e and a e th e factory, th Princ his Doin l ad young lady to th e influx ffhe ma h; a rnagnfihnmw wedding proce ssion ; the D o ins being followed

e m e by their ladie s, who look lik a oving flow r

ude i hfle vfihl be nd hmmmuume {p n ; a s , young

t e m e e d cavaliers , whirl h ir anag d cours rs roun h and round in fantastic evolutions, disc arging

- their fire arms in the air . 7 T H E 0 m am a .

TH E T ARTAR.

T ART AR e ee f , r in in thy st d ! Hold ast thy

e T ar ! T ar ar r the e bridl , tar t , t y not to pass riv r ;

th e m f e e emain or, by cross of y ath r ther shall r

” e ee s ee T ! no ve stig of th or of thy t d, artar

T ar ! e e W e e tar wh r is now thy sword, and h r

s ee W e e e a ta thy gallant t d h r is thy prid , T r r

I warned thee not to pass th e rive r ; and now th e ee m T a t crow is f ding on thy boso , r ar

7 2 C O NST ANnrN BB AN C OVANO .

i but I will not abandon my faith . Do w th us

as thou Wilt .

ale e e Th e pasha grows p with rag , and s nds for th two black e xe cutioners . T hey choose e eldest

i - a e e e and of the children , a fa r h ir d d licat boy,

i A hi s e e place h m upon a chair; fter y s, which

ar e e e ee n he e w t with t ars , hav b n ba daged, is

beheade d .

A deep sigh bre aks from th e ste rn heart of the e e e e h e b r av d fath r, but only says, Lord,

thy will be done .

Th e e e u e e e his e x c tion rs th n tak s cond child ,

whose golden hair curls in cluste rs over hi s little

e an w foreh ad , d hose large blue eye s are swo llen

. H e al with crying e is behead d so .

B ranc o n va o sighs again, and his p als lips

e h - r peat t e same pious ejaculation as before . T h he pasha is m oved by su ch fortitude, and i s

e ee m m e . T ee h art f ls a o ntary pity . hou hadst thr

” e B ranc o vano h i childr n, , says t e pasha, paus ng

“

m m e t in . l a o n his b oody work, thou hast lost — ” h . e t e . two , but sav . third OO NST AND IN B BANC OVANO . 7 3

o d e e - G is great, answ rs the brok n hearted I R ma r father. was born a ou n and a C h istian ; l i ” T i I . e hi so wil d e h n , turn ng to s sole rem ain

“ he And m t e h ing son , says thou, y lit l c ild, do not weep, le st thou shouldst unman m e ; but die the rue th in t faith, and thou shalt inherit e

" he s e ma e th e al skies . T pa ha th n k s fat sign, and the third child is placed on a c hair and beheaded also .

“ Th ll be e e e y wi don , Lord jaculat s Bran covano once again, and then everything grows

e hi dark to his ye s ; s heart is bre aking.

Ma m e T y y curs light upon you, O urks , h “ e crie s at last, in his anguish, for having m Ma be et urdere d my children . y you y swept

th e re th e M from e earth like clouds b fo wind. ay li d h you e unburie d, an have no c ild to close your eye s .

B ranc ovano falls also be neath the sam e sword

se . l e e th e bis chi dr n, whil T urks surround him

are . and ask tauntingly, where his children

T T e e urks and artars, wick d rac now 7 4 C O NST AND I N B RANC OVANO .

l im th e u e e xc a s author, nable any long r to press hi s indignation at these proce edi ngs . Ye m a al s m e m e m e th e y so o day urd r , but world shall neve rthele ss C o nstandin Bran

di e e e R m a covano d lik a h ro and a ou n .

7 6 snas snaac .

his n e se Serac riding upon obl hor , while looking

h r h through t e rafas of h e lattice . S e falls in

e the m e e him lov with handso cavali r, and telling

mi s him me so with char ng W e st , bids co beneath h r T e sh e e him inzluc i e window. her giv s enough

T m e e ( urkish oney), to hav his hors shod with

h e m e e . h e him silver, that ay go th swift r S e t lls

- - m also that to day being We dnesday, to orrow is T h th hursday, when t e T urks ride a race for e

H alc a H e the ze a . n , at H ida Pasha who wi s pri

h r is to be e husband. h Serb Serac assure s er of his devotion, and

m e to e as the pro is s rid swift storm , if she will

e e e only r p at that sh loves him .

T he daughter of th e Khan of T artary replie s

the me m a k e with sa une b rrasse d fra n ne ss as befor ,

sh e that e love s the stranger horsem an d arly,

but that sh e fears h e will be outri dden by the l A T h C uz ar r e E . e gassi, o C hief of th unuchs

C uzlar A i m an i gass is a black , with th ck lips,

who has a stee d restless as quicksilver, and

eve ee th e which has n r s n sun . a s e ns e 7 7 s n s .

T he Se n e rvian, who has ot v ry correct ideas as

the i mm to r ghts of property, i ediately asks where

r this ho se is kept .

“ Al ! e l e the a e as r p i s l dy, d spondingly, it

” is e e k pt in an obscur cavern underground .

W th e e fe d e r ith what is hors asks S rb Se ac , after a little refle ction ; perhaps h e m ay be able to poison it.

the e e trifo i e e the With nchant d , gath r d on

” ai o re h Kh pl ns of B ujak, again turns t e an of

’ a T rtary s daughter .

“ What does h e give th e horse to drink

e e e no w? asks th Servian, whose r sources app ar

’ ” Marc s m ! e the e dl ilk r plie s Princ ss, sa y,

m I e a th e uzlar A and uch f ar, th t if C gassi rides

” the h e m . in race , will clai m y hand

“ ” e ! the S n F ar not says ervian , re gaini g his

T e e no e m e courage . h r is hors e qual to in

I all e I the catch I pursu , pass by even birds in

” their flight.

So e e T m es W dnesday pass s, and hursday co , e e s 7 8 s ats s n e .

’ es th e e e e n b hi s m le observ po t, nd avouri g y t si p art to prolong the intere st of his narrative . It

th e - n is e rac day, and every o e is flocking to

T e e th m Haidar Pasha. h r , in e shadow of so e

- e ee the e far spr ading tr s is Sultan, surround d by

e s e c a brilliant court. His highn s strok s his bla k

e c e e e m em en the e b ard, and wat h s v ry ov t of rid rs , among whom is hi s future kinsm an .

“ ” ! e h w if Allah jaculates t e poet, hat sw t

e ti ste eds from T artary . Allah ! what b au ful

i h e ee m e e the in of Arab ans, w os f t ov lik w gs

” th air T h e e m en w e agles in e . xcite t gro s intense ; but th e black C uzlar Agassi surpasse s

W e the the e t . o a th e e all r s e , w s to ni c of

th e he Kin T ar . Sultan , e daught r of t g of tary

t e Se Se e Jus at this crisis , how ver, rb rac app ars upon hi s Boujak ste ed ; h e passes by the Gus lar

i hi e . Agassi, and d stances m asily

Still the wily ne gro is not easily disposed of

e er h e trie s the subtle craft of his rac ; and, p

' c eiving that Serb Serac s horse is shod with

e h him o ne of the e silv r, e calls to that pr cious

8 0 T H E no se AND T HE suN .

H O A T E R SE ND TH E SU N.

I T e m is arly orning, and a young Prince ss comes down into h er garden to bathe in th e

th T h silver waves of e sea. e transpare nt white ness of her complexion is seen through the

e h slight v il which covers it, and s ines through the blue waves like the morni ng star in an azure sky .

he h m le S springs into t e se a, and ing s with the

e h sun silv ry rays of t e , which Sparkle on the

m e th di pl s of e laughing waves .

T he Sun stands still to gaze upon h er ; h e

e h er e and e cov rs with kiss s, forg ts his duty .

e e the N e O nc e , twic , thric has ight advanc d to

e e e the take h er sceptr and r ign ov r world.

T e sh e the Sun er hric has found upon h way . T H E RO SE AND T H E SU N . 8 1

Since that day the Lord of th e Universe has change d the princess into a rose ; and thi s is

e e h er e why th ros always hangs h ad, and blushe s

th un es her when e S gaz on . 82 m m .

D RA VI .

D RA the C ato nitz a is eri t r VI , , wand ng h ough the forest ; with h er go a band of twelve musi

ian r of c s and th ee horses laden with sacks gold .

e e h er e m th r B sid is Sto n Soi u, e false p ie st, with hi s p otc op falling over hi s ears ; h e has quitte d hi s all m d holy c ing to be co e a brigand . Vi ra

th e e a k m n and pri st w l on in th e oo light, em e e h bracing ach oth r, while t e mountains

th e m ring to usic of th e hand. So the day

passe s .

T he next morning Stoen washes hi s face and

m hi s hi h d co bs black hair, after w ch e bids Vi ra m a e m e c olaks hi s e k so for brave s, and th n proposes to set out in the c o stiga with two

C a es k .

the C atonitza again , answers bravely,

m an who can fight without the aid of m wo an .

S e en i s her e e e to n th b d pr par for d ath .

H e now proceeds alone to th e house o f his m e - in- hi m h r r oth r law, who asks for e daughte .

” h i in the e S e s yonder fi lds, answers Stoen ; but he has scarcely spoken when he falls down dead . rm : m m o r c o su . 8 7

THE MAID OF OOSI A .

orD1 i ans into mfc ated With

round a

yan g 99. of gentle mien who has performed

Behold ! cry the fierce M ore of The;

‘ t u e . e m H m D k B hold, O Do n the

tai who s e the. c e ur e so cap n , l w hi f of O fo s and

9 9

T he Duke of th e Wallac hs receives the young

a le m e him y. H e emb s, and plac s

’ Will st thou go ld or h ues asks the duke .

i T ho u t h ave all thou canst desire .

t e es 0 m nei h r gold nor titl , Do n, 8 8 T HE man) o r OO SI A .

I answers the young captain proudly . cam e

t the e em e m to fight agains n i s of y country, not

hO in the vile pe of gaining riche s .

T e th e e T h n says Duk , hou art young and

handsom e ; I will give you th e hand of my

0, age .

h e e e l the . T young captain r pli s arch y, that

D uke s daughter is inde e d modest and be au h l s e m e . tifu , but that ust find anoth r husband

A s h S e he e hi s e i e m e and e p aks rais s glitt r ng h l t,

as its plum e of white and scarlet sweeps the

e l l to the ground , long gold n ocks fa l down young

’ warrior s shoulders . T h e brave s around are

e u u enchant d, and a yo ng virgin beautif l as happiness stands confe sse d be fore them . h ’ But t e Duke s so n is m ore than all captivate d . ” h i i e e e t e e . L st young and g ntl girl, pl ads Pr nc

I i e m I e e f thou w lt b y bride , sw ar to liv and di ” e for thee only .

At the m e ke these words young aid blush s , li a

h r rose in early summ er . She then inclines e head, and shading her dark blue eye s with their

90 H E . AN T no vn D T HE c o uc o u .

T HE D OVE AND T H E COU COU .

— ir ou . e e t e The C ouc Pr tty Dov , sweet lit l b d,

wilt thou be my love — T he D ove I would love thee indee d fo r t e ak e I an e e hin own s , but c not b caus of thy

m e Sh e e al . I f I e e e e e oth r. is j ous w r to lov th

sh e ul I e e m wo d say that lov d the too uch, and

e I s scold wh n care sed the e . — T he C om ma D o r e e e . not be so c u l, pr tty Dov

B e be m e , oh y brid ! — The D ove Nay ! I will not even listen to

e e . e e m e a e e e es th L av lon , for to scap thy kiss

I will take th e form of a re e d — W e ouc ou . m e et T h C hatever for thou tak st, y

I ll e e e e I f ul e m e wi not l av th . thou sho dst b co

e e I wi u e e m e a r d, ll t rn into a sh ph rd, and co to ru n D O VE AND T HE 000000 . 91

e th e e e I look for th e near e wat rs of th lak .

e e e e e will tak th for a flut , and thus cov r thee

m se ever with y burning kis s .

— a I e ee m The D ove N y, will not list n to th , y

m the e e k e little C oucou, y bird with pr tty sp c l d

um e I e ee I ou e ee pl ag . t ll th again , c ld lov th were it not for thy mother ; but to escape thy

’ I e th e m i m e kisses , will tak for of a sa nt s i ag in som e quiet church .

will follow thee ever ! I will change into a dem e m an e e and ure littl , prop rly bigot d hypo

I m e . T e e critical, and will co into thy church h r

I e ee e e m will pray to the e , and cov r th v r with y kis se s and tears ; and -t hou shalt not e scape from l ’ m e m t e e . , y lit Dov

T is e r to be a fra me nt t ou t ere is enou to h app a s g , h gh h gh

h l e s wilf l d moth exs in-law as re ou ta le s owthat ov r are a u ,an d b b w in Wallt as else here . B AL AU R L SE R E NT U P .

BALAU RU L

HAVE seen the pride of the fields ;

th e e ar th e Par m by road sid , ne town of o b. it was not a flower ; it was th e gre en eye of th e

B alaur hi ul e e e , w ch sho d b n ith r seen no r d e m e r a d of.

H e had devoure d the half of a young man

“ e m e and th e e He m e w ll ar d, youth cri d, lp , brave traveller, or th e serpent will swallow m e .

A if o n beaut ul youth a black courser, who is

m th e ar e seen co ing along e road, pr p es to r scue

the e d him him . But s rpent ad resse s thus

e e ue em if B gon , thou rog of a hors an , thou wilt not share th e sam e fate as thy countryman !

” Se e e l e the a e rp nt, r p i d cav li r, if you

94 T HE B ANQUE T .

TH E BANQU E T .

T H E r war iors sleep beneath their tents, and the m oon like a Sphere o f gold rise s over

h e i t e m . M a e a ountain ich i th br ve , how ver, s se e t fe st n hi at d upon a lof y rock, a i g with s d a . hi e e an h capt ins But s h art is not ther , e

hi s a alone covers s face with hi august h nds, in deep thought .

Life passes away like th e waters of a laughing

ule e H e m e n . So riv t, wh n kind op but s il s upo us

n e e a fli th e hours wi g d th ir pleas nt ght away, and dark car e kept far from th e revellers .

T he m oonlight falls in a silver flood upon their

th e e figures, and south wind toys with th ir long

T h e e are l e th e hair. gobl ts of gold fi l d with

e e e C atnari th e in nk g n rous vin of , and capta s dri m BANQU E T . 9 5 to the health o f their chi ef. Michai th e brave rises

ri e eal m e e D nk not lif and h th to , answ rs

“ the f m ta a ous chief in , sadly, for it is death that

I wish to you ! Life without freedom is a day

u the sun n u r T e witho t ; a ight witho t a sta . hos who would live on beneath the yoke of a tyrant m ir i T erit the cha ns . heir so uls are as base as m their destiny . But the Rou an love s not fields

e . u without flow rs, and days without fe stivals C t

e win th e e e so he n nd th gs of agl that ca not fly, a he will disdain to live . W th m a So let us be . e i So is e Rou n . w ll never bo w our heads tamely beneath the yoke o f

L in e a barbarian . et us dr k then to d ath, not to

h e h r not to th life ; to t e d ath of t e pat iot, e health of the slave . C A A HE AR 9 6 MI H I S VING T ST AND D .

M HA A NG T HE TAN DARD IC I S VI S .

N T e e s th e and ear s IGH d sc nd upon world, p l are falling from her eye s upon th e flowers of h t e field .

h e e the a Well may t e Night we p , for a h ro, l st

ll th e Wall hi a m warrior who sti live s of ac n ar y,

- him e e a e in th e alle . defends s lf, singl h nd d, v y

H e is alone ; D eath cradle s with hi s fleshle ss hand th e brave s who have fallen into the sle ep

the m of to b .

T h e e m a e e a n hi s warrior, unabl to k h ad gai st

e e e th e hi s e ar and hi s fo s, pr ss s standard to h t,

fiery courser springs over e very barrier and flie s

him hr th e m l e a e an m with t ough gloo , ik a p l ph to ,

th carrie d away by e winds .

His courser flie s towards th e banks of th e

98 MI H NEA D OMNU AND RUD OL PH C AL OF I B E SC O .

MI H NEA D OMNU AN D RU D OLPH

C AL OF I RE SC O .

h a th t e capital of W llachia, e greate st of th e Boyards are fe asting with the ir

i e Pr nc .

But who is that sitting at th e bottom of th e

e . th e Mihnéa hi s tabl It is Prince , and on right

are th e B uz esc i the hand two brothers o , and

ee e l i T e th e m thr broth rs C ap e sc . hey ar ost

m hi s and th e r th e fa ous of warriors, ter or of fo e D . uring the banquet they complim ent th e

Prince .

R C alo fire sc o e ee udolph , in hot hast , kn ls

e e th e e u the e . H b for Princ , dist rbing banqu t e

m ni e hi s e dé a hi s is acco pa d by squir Ne , who is

m e ell boso fri nd and couns or . HA L E 9 m HN D OMNU AND RUD O LPH C A O F IR SC O . 9

e ex m R h I Princ , clai s udolp , wish you long m i and happy years and any victor es . B ut knowst m l the T e not, y ord , that artars hav

m m other m u fe y , and y yo ng wi

Gi ve m e th e brothers B uzesc i and Gaple sc i

e m r to ride with m e, and d liver y family f om

M hné a t n him e i e he i lis e s to att nt v ly, and t n

e to answers Rudolph, thou art but a crav n

et i e e e and seek help ; y , wait t ll we hav f ast d sle pt ; when we awake we will attend to thee .

R e e . udolph bit s his lips , and turns pal

" m he e It will be too late , y lord, answ rs ; and m h then, ounting his horse , e departs with

' e Ne e f e e e his squir d s , and a t r thr e days journ y he e h ncounters t e T artars .

te m m e the e Lis n to e , ast r , says squir ;

let m or s us think no ore of lands lord hip , but

n e n L et o ly how to act as brav me . us pray to f l G od or aid. T take to the ri ht I to the eft hou g , ; he who escapes thy sword will fall by mine . 1 00 MI H N SA D OMNU AND RUD O LPH C AL O F I BE SC O .

T hey fight with the T artars from morning to

but Rudolph doe s not find his mother . Looking

e e e e e e afar, how ver, h sees a larg and l gant t nt, and there is his m Oth er struggling in the arm s

H th tent kills th e o f a T artar. e e e hast ns to ,

T a e e m e . art r, and d liv rs his oth r

m e the When he has place d his oth r in safety,

Brothers B uz esci and the three C aplesc i arrive .

m e Good orrow, broth rs ; what wind blows you hither asks the victorious knight sar

m e re e w c astic all . We are c y . o to b ak a lanc ith

’

ee e e e the e . th , and div rt ours lve s, r ply broth rs

T e i he e l h y t lt on horse back, t ir squir s ooking on,

' sud at the first onset the lances are shattered

e e n e the th y th n draw their swords, and conti u sport .

But whe n Rudolph has his back turned all

' five rush upon him and cut o ff his head . T hey put his he ad o n a salver and pre sent it to

e Mihné the e u Princ a, with fals acc sation that if

Rudolph had still lived he would have usurpe d

1 02 MI R E A B E F RE C O NIC OPOLIS .

B F MI RCEA E O RE NICOPOLIS .

T H E enemy have invaded th e country of th e

um the uke e e e Ro ans but D do s not los courag , and hastens to m eet them with a little arm y of

th e e v hi braves . It is not in hop of sa ing s

country that h e raise s hi s standard and ride s

th a e h e e e to e b ttl ; go s to fulfil a sacr d duty .

W e e are th e m e e h r now grand old ti s, wh n all knew how to die for duty

H e rides through th e daylight and the dark

" e m e w r e th n ss ount d upon a ild cou s r, and e

i ar e e hi s hi e ris ng sun c ss s hair, w t as the snow on th e C arpathians .

” M h e e M e hi y c ildr n, th n says irc a to s

e e e e m il i s brav s , God has pr s rv d y life unt th

T wili ght. MI E A E F RE N 1 03 RC B O IC O POLIS .

t the day tha I might di e like a hero . What is life of o ne m an to th e life of a people It is

o ne e th e S m e as flow r to pringti , as an hour to e e T e th e e e th e t rnity . h y say that proud agl of rocks when hemm e d in by the hunters will kill the young ones in hi s ne st rather than se e them

ike e e Of the I re . o the captu d S , l agl rocks , would rather see my children di e than live in

slave ry !

Oh ! when will th e grand old tim e return when a Roum an will choose a glorious death instead of the life of a slave ‘ ’ 1 4 M C AI 0 I H .

MI CHAI TH E BRAVE AND TH E U T E E X E C ION R.

I T is th e hour when th e butterfly spreads his

in in dew m hi s be d w g bathe d , and springing fro of flowers flies on a sunbeam towards th e skies.

M ai k i th e E e e ich is neel ng before x cution r.

T he first rays of th e daylight fall broken upon

n e him hi . his lo g hair . N ar is s daughter Florica

She tremble s like a dew- drop in th e rays of th e sun her e h i , and lovely ye s s ine beneath the r long ik es e a . lash , l two st rs on th e bosom of a cloud

Wh ee m y dost thou w p , y daughter asks

M i t I di m icha , wi h a noble reproach . e for y

un f r h I o the ai t m e . S co try, and f of y fath rs not such a death as this honourable enough T hou

S e e and houldst r joic at it, deck the tre sses of thy

SIRT E - MAR GARI T E

! - TE SIRT E MARGARI .

DE E P in a valley fragrant with flowers

ful m e . b auti aidens T hey are sisters,

Spinning a silken web under the shiftin g

’ m e im e ree Th e i s so n shadow of so l t s . k ng

e all i th e s e s rid s by with a g ant tra n , and ist r

s hi acco t m .

rin e s th e e m e P c , ays eldest, choos for thy

een I e ll fin e Qu , and will bring thee a fi ld fu of

e th m she wil p arls . But e se cond pro ises that l m ake him the father of two young princes with

e e air e And long gold n hair, ach f as a flow r. th e n e e l e a She ll Pri c r p i s g llantly, that if wi

’ A c armin c il s sto r but fro m the re etitio ns in th e h g h d y ; , p

o ri inal rat e r tedio us. It is alm o st th e o nl o ne w ic I ave g , h y h h h ven ure d t d r sli tl to reto uc t o c urtail an ve y gh y h . - E 1 7 SIB T E MARGAR IT . 0 promise him two sons with hair as beautiful

he r h e m as own that S e shall b co e his Que en.

Nine moons have scarcely shone over the

e e the ee ee h er vall y wh n Qu n k p s word, and two

c es are l young prin born, each with long go den th hair and fair as e day .

the e e e But ld st sist r, who was very angry that h er sister should have be com e Queen instead of her e e e n th , r solv s to be aveng d, and cha ges e two beautiful young prince s for two ugly black

h e hil e e e ea . c dren , which s plac s in th ir cradl inst d

T h h e e r hen s e take s t e young princ s , who w re fai

the edl e em e as day, and wick y buri s th aliv in the n h th K n garde . S e then goe s to e i g, and tells hi m that th e Queen has not kept her h m him t e e e e . pro ise , and shows littl n gro s

” T h K e e e he n, says t e ing, in a t rribl voic ,

e be m if thi s be really tru , you shall y

ee e s be in Qu n, and your sist r hall shut up a

” n e du g on .

Suddenly among the flowers of the garden there Spring up two enchanted Fir T re es ; and - 1 08 SIRT E MAR GARIT E . when the E vening dresse s her dark hair with

! golden flowers to e nam our the world, th e e n

chanted Fir T re e s be gin to ask each other if

they sle ep and both answer that they cannot rest while their mamma is we eping in h er lon e ly

e dung on .

The captive Queen answers them from her

if Sh e ul s e m prison , and says that co d ki s th

once m ore she could forget even the gellin g

r weight of h e chains .

The F ir Trees tell the Poor Queen how m uch

e e h er h er e e e th y lov , and that troubl s br ak th ir

e e h er e m h arts ; which solac s v ry uch .

Meantim e the Wicke d Quee n awakes and

listens ; and trembling for fear le st any o ne else

S e em sh el the K hould h ar th , e t ls ing proudly,

that if h e doe s not have those two talking Fir

T rees cut down in the morning Sh e will leave

A th e are e e him . ccordingly young tree s f ll d

and thrown into th e fire ; when immediately two

o ut and m bright sparks fly , fall far away a ong . h t e flowe rs .

- 1 10 SIRT E MARGARIT E . employe d every body who knows a pretty story is asked to te ll it.

When it c om e s to the turn of th e two beautiful

’ are e th e Ki e children , who of cours ng s sons , th y

h im i ned ee relate the sad story of t e m so Qu n ,

T e e Si e their m other. h y t ll how two st rs

e e l e were seate d tog th r spinning si k, wh n a

ie e e gallant caval r rod by, and how both want d to becom e his Qu ee n ; but that he chose the

e e ak e e e young st. As th y spe th y bid th ir p arls

e e me m continu to stri ng themselv s, that no ti ay be lo st ; and then th ey go on to tell the rest of th e m elancholy e vents that have be fallen the m ;

and as while they spe ak the pearls continue to

r e m e e ul m e th st ing th s lv s in a mirac ous ann r, e Ki h ng is convince d of t e truth of their story, and acknowledge s them as his sons in presence th m e e C . T h e e e ei e of whol ourt Qu n , th r oth r,

e f l d es e is tak n out of prison, and beauti u ly r s d

e e her e in gold and j w ls , with a crown upon h ad ;

e h er i e S i e e and whil w ck d ister is t d to wild hors s, torn to pieces . m O RA . 1 1 1

MI O RA .

D O WN into a laughing valley near the Garden

of E den three shepherds descended with their

‘ O n M flocks and herds . e was a oldavian , another

n B u . And a Vranc ia , and the third a ougo ra the

H ongoura and the Vranc ian plotted toge ther to m e m the M urder th ir co panion oldavian , and inhe rit his flocks ; for he was richer in lambs

oats w ll as in th e a ul and in g , as e f ithf dogs him that guard them . T hey agree d to kill at the soft hour of twilight .

the e m M r her e But littl la bkin , io a, with silv ry

ee e u e ee fl c e , who had r f s d all food for thr days, attracte d the attention of h er shepherd .

M e laé boulac aé T ee e y littl Miora, hr whol

e th ee m ts days hav passe d , and e sw t grass te p 1 M ORA l 2 I .

ee th not, and thy pretty head is bowed down — . Ar t M m e e sadly thou ill, iora y pr tty, g ntle ,

” little Mi ora ?

D e e e m e e th ar sh p h rd and ast r, r plies e little

“ m t e la bkin , ak thy flocks , and go with them

deep into yonder forest ; take also thy trustie st

hounds ; for at sunset thy comrade s have

” arranged to kill thee !

e m the ve e e e Littl la bkin with sil r fl c ,

“ e th e S e e re pli s h ph rd, if thou art indee d a

I m die in i prophete ss, and ust at sunset th s

m lin e e m m e e s i g vall y, thou shalt t ll y urd r rs to

lay m e in the ground here behind our cot ; so

I m a il th e m l that y st l hear bay of y faithfu dogs , T and rem ain always with you. his is what thou

m And e shalt te ll them from e . thou shalt plac

e m m and e m e d m ee abov y to b , n ar to y h a , y thr

beloved flute s : my flute which is m ade of the

of th ee the e are wood e fir tr , and of which ton s

so tender that which is made of the wood of the n e m li d n , which is passionate ; and y flute of

v c an e i ory, which draw t ars .

4 M O RA 1 1 I . whose locks are gi lde d by the sun thou shalt

h er I have pity upon , and thou shalt say that

e m e th e e hav arri d daught r of a king, and am gone into a far country . NOTES.

THE D AUGHTER OF TH E LAUREL TREE .

The D aughter of the Law/rd Tree is an allego ry o n th e

f te o f a falle n woman. T is alla is sun artl in ro s and a h b d g, p y p e

artl in verse to roc c il ren to slee or e uile th e lo n p y , k h d p, b g g winte ev n ro m suc s m l li eners i i i Of en r e ings. F h i p e st t s sa d t to “ " raw tears. T is sto r as w ll t Of The awn ar d h y, e as tha F , e e vi tl Of a o in den y D c ian rig .

MARI ORA FLORI ORA.

” Mae-66m F lorié ra or Mar th e lo we ret is a o ular le n , y F , p p ge d

h It has een reto uc e and sli tl altere o f t e C arpathians. b h d gh y d

M. x n er wh o a ears to av e O taine it fro m o ral by Ale a d , pp h b d

ra i It seems m eant to learn lo vers t at t ere are ot er t d tion. h h h — things to attend to in life besides wo oing an unpromising task ! Pa e 4 lin g , e 9 .

’ ” er mm lands and nine seas &0 —T is is an e ression Ov , . h xp muc h used in the po pular p o etry o f the Wallac hs to express the l n im and i tanc e ssi l o gest t e d s po b e.

Pa e 5 line g , 7 .

” And m i nda — tt e x ressions li e this will then y fi e . Li l e p k 1 1 6 N O T E S . shew th e reader the m anner in whic h th e D oine are told and

n t n n r mi I no w O f no su g far bet er tha a y rema ks o f ne . k ’ c hil s stor in literature so c armin as t is o ne no r o f an d y h g h , y

i m r u in m ral w th a o e to c h g o .

Page 5, line 1 8.

’ ” rs o the c owslz doe — All t is is till art f The odou f p , h s p O th e po pular superstitio n ; and th e Wallac h peasantry have

arms extrac te from er s and o we r great faith in c h d h b fl s.

a e line . P g 6, 1 5

d — A a - e w t t has n er n tr u le . ne n ut The a er tha ev bee o b p e p a,

o r vir in water is the ex ression in allac . T ere is a g , p W h h ‘ o ular elief t at t o rin a rau ht o f vi r in wat er p p b h d k d g g , o r even to be th e first wh o drinks fasting at a fountain in

o rnin will c ur th m ali nant fevers t at revail so th e m g, e e g h p fre u entl in th e rin i ali ie T is elief is no m eans q y p c p t s. h b by c nfin t he lower c s o e d o t lasse .

Pa e line 1 . g 7 , 0

The meatless ower 0 the lake et c —The allac su e r fl f , W h p

s Th e i f h sin e stition gives a soul to all flower . dea o t e l ss flo wer

avin no erfum e is rett t o u rat er t at Of a c nic than h g p , p y, h gh h h y a po et.

a e line 1 6. P g 7 ,

’ A white sta r o n a ho rse s fo rehead is supposed to be l uc ky.

a e line 1 P g 7 , 9.

” al s B a ne or C alle B o n T us he L atin monte is C l , a. h t

mimte onte int wnte r c han e into o onte into mmte &c . g d , p p , f f , , s owin the c orru tio n of the o ri inal lan u e h g p g g ag .

1 8 1 NO T E S.

zag e i a imn l a

The birds e t within the l nt h ws Ja — re kp p easa s ado , e. The is another pretty little Wallac h so ng o n this idea ; in it is not ungrac efully turned

’ Birds ne er sing

On the n wi g, While they flutter c heerly

D ro o s e lum p th p e, Then full soon

ail t e fort so r rl W h y h d ea y .

Blam e n ot then,

I sho uld sing thee never ; D id I grieve

Ah elieve , b

’ Thou sho uld st know it e ver.

T o thy heart T o impart

Glo o m o r rief o r c o g s rning, Makes their night

Ra iant ri t d b gh ,

With th e ho pe o f m orning.

l e Page 1 5, in 7 .

’ ” mother s voic e —It is a c o mm on allac t reat to . W h h ” make yo ur mother weep .

THE A N F W .

A AG in R um an o etr is O ften ut for a in and a fawn ST o p y p k g.

The resent stor c alls the fawn the so n for a young princ e . p y N O T E S . 1 1 9

o f a in The le en is ro a l fo un u o n so m d r k g. g d p b b y ded p e a k

fo r o ttsn a e of isto r and means t at a oun rinc e who g p g h y, h y g p had td em refu e in th e c ourt of some ett ar arian in g p y b b k g.

was murd ed r h d l o er tb aving in isc reet y seen to muc h, and

for otten the ru ent blin ness w ic e o s a u t T re g p d d h h b c me g es . he

is no c lue o wever as to the nam es o f erso na es h the p g , and

c on ec ture wo uld be vain. Ind e d b rds and ora ve j e , a tors ha been always so gw d by ciroum stanc ea and th e truths of

istor ave ot so mi e u wit fa les t at it re uires l n h y h g x d p h b , h q y x

e es to distin uish between h m l r l n O y g t e . The pOpu a ege ds f a

eo le o wever O ften ive us a lim se o f t eir istor p p , h , g g p h h y, whic h i o t w uld be idle to seek in the ir grave r annals.

l n Page 1 7 , i e 1 3.

B lamed —Di o r on in the nci alities v ces are so c omm pri p ,

that there are said to be so me ladies with thrc e o r fo ur

us an h b ds all li ving.

PAU NASU L C ODRILOR.

THE Pan o r Paunas o fth e roc ks is a name frequently given to

of the story asserts Paunas to be m ere ly a c o rruption Of th e

name o f the Gree Go d Pan. ust as th e names of u iter k J J p ,

Mer ur and enu are reserve in th u ar e r c y V s p d e pop l po t y, and

ure fre uentl as Joe Merc ur and Vene e fig q y , r a.

P 1 1 age 2 , line 0.

” The combataem w a de ercel - T is ecies o f c o m at is fi y. h sp b still ver o ular in Mo l T e re are several y p p do Wallac hia. h

ifferent manners O f restlin . Th e Lu ta Voinic e sea th e d w g p , e th Lu e Lupta Mac an sca and e pta U rsar sc a. The attitudes and movem ents are the sam e as tho the o n l dia r se of R ma g a to s.

Besi es the o r inar wrea lers t ere are also m e o t e r: d d y , h so h pec uliar to Moldo Wallac hia ; espec ially the danc ing wrestlers In the m onth o f J una a c om pany of so me fifteen or twe nty of them usually go abo ut to the different vfllagerg danc ing and wrestl n in u li T eir o tu i e i g p b c . h c s me s Ro man ; though tim hu very slightly altered ih and parts o f the dress are de c o rated

ave man who re ten s to be um o arr th e r fl So me h a p d d b t c y i ag.

a s rt h mes antiquaries s e , t at theee ga are a vestige o f those first instituted to c o mm em orate the rape o f the Sabina ; bu t it a ears m ore ro a le from their name o f C alousari a t pp p b b , th t he y are merely the legitimate suc c essors o f a spec ies of Roman mo untehanka who m l think were mlle d C O lusores l

A mont late r in ul anot er s ec ies of anc ers e in to h , J y, h p d b g

'

resse in wome n s c lo t es and wear re osterousl lon o wns. d d h , p p y g g

’ It is posmble that these spo rts may be also the remains of ancient Ro man gam es ; but the antiquaries (of c ourse) are

ivi e . T e wo ul not owe ver be the onl tra itions o f d d d h y d , h , y d thro ugh so many c enturi es ; from sire to so n in Mo ldO

Of this th ere is a c urious e am l e er in t e x p e v y yc ar, h mo nth

Of une . In som e arts o ft e c ountr the easan s tie o wn J p h y, p t d their dogs and exc ite the goose Of the neighbo ur t to attac k T c o m ese re vilin them. hey a c pany th proc eedings by g the dogs fo r avin sle t and left to the ases the onour o f avi h g p , g h h ng save the C a to l The s ec ies o f o rrec ti a lie t d pi . p c on pp d o the

“ ” do s is c alle in allac Tarbhc el d eir o g , d W h, a an th h wls are A horri ble. fi i end o f mine saw this singular custom prac tise d in the monaster of Radouvoda at B ares in 4 y , uc h t, 18 8.

1 22 N O T E S .

allac ori inals It is one of the man w i W h g . y h c h have so many

iminutives as to be ui un d , q te translatable .

Pa e 2 e 5 lin 5. g ,

“ ” N eu tral di mc a c — v g gm e. The bra es had a pious harm

TEFAN THE REAT S G AND ms MOT HER.

Stefan the fo urt rinc e of Mol avia ac uire th e surnam e , h p d , q d o f th e Great fro m his man vic t ries T h num er tot t is y o . e b y po pularly believed to have had a singular influe nc e o n his

fo rtunes. T us he rei ne fort ears wo n fo rt vic to ries h g d y y , y , wit an arm o f me n and uilt f rt c urc es t o h y , b o y h h c o orat t T ere ai f a wil d mmem e hem. h are the rem n o d an

Rides o ut arme d fro m Suc iava

C o n uers Polan Tartar q d, y,

The anec o te to l stri l i a h attle d d here is c t y histo r c l, and t e b was fo u t near the monas er o f Ni so Mo l avia. gh t y am , in d

La Mo l avia tait an c o m le d la lo ire e t de la ran eur d é b e g g d ,

' uan m de mo urir Etienne 10 Gran efll'a é de la soumisnon q d p , d, y de la H on rie ar les T urc a c onvo ua en c ent c in uante uatre g p , q q q

c ette assem l s r le ed ii in h son his h 8 0q b e memo ab , t t

sui Bogdan is disc ours vant.

“ an mon file a vo us o ua m es amia et c orn anio na O , Bogd , , t t p sur le point de payer le tribut h la nature ; touts la gloire do ma vie pamée est c o mme un bes u fanwme qui se pa d dm s 1a

’ ur o un mortal ui c omme un nui t ; il n y a plua de réto p ur , q 1 NO T E S . 28 ve r de terre parc o urt les sentiers ds la vis ; 1a mort vient

' ’ pre ndre ses droits ; mais c s n est pas c e qui fait l objet de ma

’ r r c ar s sais ue l instant de ma naissanc s h ate le f ayeu , j q

auses ac c a lante ue vous avez auto ur de vo us So lim an ui p b q , q

' menace oe ro aume e t fera to us sea fl o rts o ur s en em ar r y , p p e .

’ sinsi que la C rimes, qui n avait pas enc ore m o nnu auc un ’ a n e se e: t hé l m lm etra ger, t y c attac e es y is troduiam e c uhe

MM n ; la Bssssrahie a 6té le theatre de ses suc c es ; et les

’ superio r-its; en un m ot la plus noble partie do l Aaie et ds

’ o N n c ontent do as voir assis sur ls l E uro ps obéit h sea l is. o

e i s bo es trbne dss empereurs ro maine, il ne m t po nt d rn h ses vues de eo nquete ; il embrasse em idee le domaine de touts

’ u il a surmo ntes il e er ne la Mo ldavie ui set a as orts st q , p g q p , ‘ to uts enviro nnée des pro vinc es de son obeissanc e l C raignes

f u e Je no saurais ondre sur vo us avec to tes se fo rc es. j eter les yeux m r no s voisins sans deplo rsr le malheureux stat de le urs

’ aflairsa II n a o int ds fo n h fairs sur les Polonais ils sont y p d , inc onstant et inc apable de faire téte aux T um s ; le a Hongro is ’A as se nt mis euxgmem ss dana lee fore ; l llsmagne a so us lea bras

’ ’ te nt d emharras o mesti ues u il na lui rests ui volont ui d q , q é

o uvoir ds r n ar u a o s Ainsi p p e drs p t h c e q i se p sss en deh r . c onsiderant la triste situation ds tous les stats qui nous suvi lee maux qui nous menac ent c elui qui no us M t le plus sup

amais nu il ts ans n n se ns ne e n it lee po rtable . J p o d so bo t d

oiles c o ntre les tem tes les o os forc es us euvent v pe st rage s. N p n a e urs ran e r o i nea t in r ain ous rassurer, le s c o st g s sont el g s c e t s ; le dangar est presmnt at no peut etre som e 11 taut done so 1 24 N O T E S . determiner h adouc ir la rigueur da sort plutdt que de rsvem“

li ar b t d rme No tre o umissio n sera c omm a c s on p le rui es a s. s une eau rspandue apro pos sur c ette fiamme prete h éc laterfie ne

’ C sst po urquoi j e vo us snho rts dans c es derniers m om ents the

' ’ ma vie avec to uts la tendresse d uu psre et d un frere de tac h sr de faire vos c o nditio ns avec So liman ; Si vo us pouvez o bte nir do lui la c o nservatio n de vos lo is ec c lesiastiquss et c iviles es sera to ours une aix h no r l uan mem e c s serait h titre de uj p o ab e, q d ’ def Il vous sera lus avant u e dé ro uver ea c lem w c e u e . p age s p q

’ eon e ee Mai si c ontraire il vent v ous resc rire d autres p . s au p

' ’ c on itions n hésite z a amo urir l é ée it la main o ur la defe nse d , p s p p

de o tr reli i n et - d vo tre a rie lutlit u e de v e g o la libel ts e p t , p q ' ’ l l eurs inevita le s st aisser une s t l autre e n proie aux malh b , ’ o e E t vo d etre de li c hss spec tateurs de la ruins de v tre patri . us

ne evez o int la u de nos er ui sew ro uit d p douter que Die p es,q p d

dea m erveille n l i s r ch er ar les larmes de en s, e se a s s un j ou tou p

’ serviteurs et u res vou s v le de sea rac es les lus , q ap a o ir c omb g p

a o n ante il no vo us c o nso le un o ur en c ic atrisant vos laic e b d s, j p ”— t e n fixant h am e C ou o x. e j ais vos futures d stinw .

Pa e 27 line 1 8 . g ,

“ " o m ent is m dark i nif in ro abl a man who m s/ , s g y g, p b y, — c an only see thro ugh th s mists o f pasaio n and interest his

C OD REANO.

P 2 lin age 9, e 5 . ” Seri es lon w ite woollen c loa . , g h k

P e 2 line a 9 6. g ,

“ ”— Zm Soms villages in T ransylvania are c alled by this

1 26 N O T E S .

Pa e 1 lin 1 g 3 , e 5.

a o is a ar en near ass C p g d J y.

Pa 1 ge 3 , line 20.

P otera —A tro o o f m o unte lic eme n c om o se . p d po p d

o f Al anian b s.

Pa e 2 lin 3 e 7 . g , ” — P kin h balls o th esh with his n ers . N l luc g t e f e fl fi g , &c ear y all po pular hero es are invu lnerable ; a gift whic h sim ple

n n sf bra im aginatio ns are apt e ough to be stow o suc c es ul very .

P e l 4 a 32 ine 1 . g ,

” ow m — This x ression a ears May the ear th swall hi . e p pp to be

n h e ut r su enl o ver owere b hi s fe elin s a reflec tio o f t a ho dd y p d y g . Th e dislike o f the Wallac hs to the Albanians seems m erely that

l e o l to fo rei n m erc naries o w ver c redita l o r o f a l p p e g e , h e b y usefully employed.

P lin a e 32 e 1 9. g , — B altac . Th e baltac wa a in o f m ac It was a ve s k d e . ry favourite arm with th e Turks ; tho ugh their m ac es were usually li te r t an t o se o f t eir enemies t e were also m o gh h h h , h y re

a l and dan ro Th e e f v m an geab e ge us. mistak o using hea y arm s f und seem s at last o out .

Pa e line 6 . g 33,

I li s —Alesandro Ili s ro no un e Eli s e c . c (p c d j e h) r igne d abo ut

1 631 .

Pa e 33 line g , 8 .

” m tamboul —Th A Twrk fro S . e Turks at this perio d had a r e v at Jeas and anot r a Bu a t epres ntati e y, he t c h res , who was

T ese re re e c alle d Kéhaia Bey. h p s ntative s h ad also a deputy in s o m e. 1 27

” d “ Beshlea a The c laimed the every town an c ity, called g . y ri t o f ein res nt at all trials to rotec t the inte rests o f gh b g p e , p the T ur s. Su se uentl o wever t e e an to interfere k b q y, h , h y b g wit the tri unals and e ven to interro ate th e Princ e . In ee h b , g d d the D omns of former times were vassals far too po we rful and realess not to inc m ' no w and th en th e jealousy o f th eir

en their influ c e .

Pa e 33 line 20. g ,

” M —A r tio n o n Tur s in eneral neit er M efle c k g , h c o m t r n r us plimen a y o j t.

Pa e 84 line 9 . g ,

” oa m or —Ths D mns c o ul no t w c on emn a C f . o d by la d

Pa e 34 line 1 8 . g ,

” Palace sort o f s o rt swo r li e t at worn the , a h d k h by

Pa e 35 line 1 5 . g ,

” F arewell Arc —The w ole of t is stor a ears to be a , h h y pp faithful pic ture o f the natio nal morality and fee ling o f th e

tim es. The fac t is e ver one h o had th e w , y w po er to ste d was more or less a ro bber ; and the bandit wh o rifled the ric h with

the stro n an and ave to th e o or who was s met in l g h d, g p , o h g ha f fr e c e l w e lan , ha f patriot ; fro m hom the peasants had m uc h to

e e and little to rea who had o ften the am e ast s and h p , d d ; s t e

a its and wh was ne o th emselvss save t at e r e h b ; o o f , h h had ais d himself fro m slavery to po wer ; suc h a man was no t unlikely to bec o m e the hero o f minds in whic h th ere were no flxed prin

Moc on is ere treate it is easil w c ounted fo r b his ro h d, y y p fassion Th e Moc c as were ro a l isa r ea le eno u h to the . p b b y d g e b g 1 28 N O T E S .

c ountr eo le fro m t eir o rse - ealin r ueries hat e y p p , h h d g og , so t th

si nal unis m ent o f a Mo c o n lease t e m v r el g p h p d h e y w l.

’ THE F ERENTAR S D AUGHTER.

Th e F erentars were a stro n o d of c avalr wh o served in g b y y,

T ir ea n he s or and the Wallac hian army . he w po s were t w d th e

lanc e .

B OU JOR.

P lin 6 39 e . age ,

F oc chiani is a fro ntier to wn betwe en Moldavia and

P 39 line 1 age , 6.

min tive f e T ere is no e d Stefanic a is th e di u o St fan. h n

to Wallac h dim inutives.

Pa 9 lin ge 3 , e 1 6 .

B ou or si nifies Rufu s o r th e H j g , e r d. e was a famous

bri an who live d a o ut fift ears a o g d, b y y g .

F AT L OGOF AT .

‘ ” t L o o czt ro no unc e F et Lo o fet : th e o un ero g f , p d g y g h .

It is o ne o f th e re es t f th e eries o p tti t s o ries o s . S m e o f th e e it ets wh ic n l r rmin p h h pass betwee th e o v e s are c ha g.

SALGA,

Pa e 4 . g 3, line 3

Schobam s e her s. , h p d

Pa e 4 3 e g , lin 6.

B ac io c ief , h .

1 30 NO T E S .

Pa e 59 line 1 g ,

18 in Bessarabia.

a e line P g 59, 3.

” “ c i Smé oe and Zem oe were gods o f the D a ans.

Page 59, line 12.

H wnd ar a s o rt swo r o f w ic the ilt was Often s len j , h d, h h h p

’ m e al o an in e o f h e w ar r s didly mounted. It beca m st d x t e e

Pa e n g 60, li e 5.

Mas uc a o r Marsaka r h e ie o r aq , , we e t c h fs f a ho de o f

r f ir e nt Tartars ve y pro ud o the ancient d sc e .

Pa 2 ge 60, line 0.

B l c . m al in Bessara ia famous fo r its ree of orses. j , b , b d h

P e lin 1 2. ag 62, e

” The K/zcm ake a si n —E v r in is b i m s g . e y th g done y s gns in

th e East and th raveller will still se a r t i n l , e t e g ea d g itary c ap

hi s an fo r ffe i s f t h ds c o e nstead o f a king o r i .

Pa e 63 line 2. g ,

w ou/r ills — O n : y . There is so m ething very nai ve and odd

in all the allac wa s o f e x r ssin W h y p e g death .

Pa e 3 lin 4 g 6 , e . — H e c onverts &c . Th e rea er is , d hardly prepared for th e e difying end of th e terrible c hief; but suc h a one may no t have been unfrequent in times when men seem to have bee n always grasping a ro c king sword with one hand and the c ross in the o t er and to ave en — h , h be half saints half ruflians. 1 1 NO T E S . 3

M THE SU N AND THE OON .

Tm r ld s ballad is ve y o .

P 4 l a e 6 ine 8 . g , I h lena i s one o f the Wallac h names for t e mo on.

P 4 lin 8 . age 6 , e

' ' - - i be re ar e C ozzmzwa signifies th e golden haired . It s to m k d that golden hair seems to have espec ially fired th e imaginatio n o f th e Wallac h p oets ; for the simple reaso n that there was

ar l r e om T c h ernetz to Beltzi from th e Al uta to h d y a ed h ad fr ,

P li e 1 . age 65, n 8

” A r b r us st n —Th e allac s sa t at e wels o e of p ec io o es. W h y h j

are th e te ars o f the sun.

BOGDAN .

e Grea nd was the first BOGDAN was the son o f Stefan th t, a princ e wh o ac kno wledged th e suzerainty of the Po rts by th e

treaty o f 1 51 3.

H T E TARTAE.

W r M Alexandre . It E a e indebte d for this c urio us ballad to .

h as a wil and sin ular r thm in th e ori inal and li e all d g hy g , , k

so n s atterin to the national anit of a e o le . It is g , fl g v y p p ver i leasant sensa y popular. Perhaps nat onal vanity is suc h a p tio n bec ause we c an indulge in it without appearing ego

tistic al I ive it ere in he ori inal as a eneral e am le g h t g , g x p of the untranslatable style and rhythm N O T E S.

‘ ‘ ‘ ' Ma i ta tare, ti ne c alul

' ‘ ' ‘ a n e Ma i ta tare, Str g frlul

’ Nu c e rc a d a trec e riul

' ‘ C a pe c ruc ea sa ntei 19 31

‘ D t o r o i ts o e d , pes h tare

' ’ Nimic D eu nu e t le , l s el go, l

’ ' ' ' Ma i tate o re, ma i tatare ! l

‘ ‘ ’ ' Ma i tatare un e ti als ? , d , p

‘ ' ’ ' ‘ Ma i tatare un de- ti c a 1111 I

‘ ‘ ’ ‘ Ma i t atare u n e ti fala d , l — I — l

‘ ‘ ‘ ' Nu ti s usei Jé nu tresi m lul ! , p a l l l l

' ' ' ' ’ ‘ i u N u sc ai t , m a i re c i ne, I - I —l

' ' ‘ C e - i Ro m a nul l n turbare ? I l — I — l

‘ ' ‘ C o rbii m usc sc um di n ti ne

’ ‘ ' ’ ' Ma i ta tare , mai ta tare l — l — I

C ONSTAND IN BRANC OVANO.

C O NSTAND IN BBANC OVA N O was a famo us princ e o fWallac hia ; h e was e ea e at C o nstantino le it his t ree c il re n b h d d p , w h h h d ,

1 34 N O T E S .

Pa e 4 6 e . g 7 , lin

” - A nd tellin him so &c . A sim lic it andfran ness whic is g , p y k h

e r a ru rt t f Orien al m anners e ven ho w ve t e p o rai o t in our day. E astern ladi es are by no m eans taught t o c onc eal their -se nti

n n d t e m e ts o r o . , h y

Page 7 6, line 1 0.

H alca —Th e rac e fo r he H alc a so me i . t was th ng similar to

h a the spo rt o f tilting at a ring, t e f vourite exerc ise o f th e

f the mi le a I t was still in reat vo u am o knights o dd ges. g g e ng e ur o the Turks little m o re than a c nt y ag .

P 6 line 1 0 age 7 , .

S tari th e Bo s o r s w h H aidar P asha 18 near c u , o n ph u , here t e

m le f n f r T urkish Pilgrims usually asse b d be ore starti g o Mec c a.

P l ne 1 . age 7 6, i 3

Swift as the storm is a fine simile fo r an Eastern post ; fo r

so m t e l in in t h e E ast a sto rm is e hing swift and t rrib e deed.

line 2 Pa e 2 . g 7 6,

ever seen th —It is a o ular su erstitio n in th e N e awn. p p p

East t at o rses are ren ere etter b e in e t in th e dar . , h h d d b y b g k p k

All h e m o c ele rat m ntione in allac o etr t st b ed ho rses e d W h p y,

- r Kal- se c l t o se elo n in to the a venturers Kal Grau Vint & . al , , , h b g g d

led F a - F rom o s and to the o l en- aire t - Lo o fati were c al t , g d h d g ,

eo u c avern brought up in subte rran s s.

e l Pag 7 7 , ine 9 .

M oe —T is is th e s am roc and the allac s ave a f . h h k, W h h b superstitio n about it sim ilar to that so prettily versified y M r. L over. 9 line 9. Page 7 ,

i — n is feet h refore the horse must Summt O ne sts gin te n , t e

v ta en sevent fee t in his stri e or twent -three ar s and ha e k y d , y y d

“ M o Tartm — d e o f th ll d i unc er ain f y. The at is ba a s t ,

ust e re e in e en o f the C rime but it m hav been befo th d p denc e a,

its su e u nt o uest e R s ia s T ere is a l ss n or bs q e c nq by th u s n . h e o

e e t th o i est in the history o f the conqu st o fth C rimea,no wi ut nter

Page 82, line 1 .

" C a s ius si ni es a female so l ier o r Amazo n. s , g fi d ,

Pa . ge S2, line 4

” “ Stoen S — oim So im u is h ere used as a surname, bu t in its ordinary sense it signifies a species o f hawk fo und o nly among

the C ar at ians. T e were so m uc esteem e falc oners p h h y h d by ,

the T ur s tw t - four of t ir s o nn k , en y hese b d f rmed part ofthe a ual tri ute w ic he a re to a t th n b h h g ed p y o e Sulta .

e Pag 82, line 5. “ ” P o c Gre e wp , k c ap.

P e line a 86 8 . g ,

" H e alls down dead —T us it he c o mmon warnin f . h is t g to a liar in W ll hi “ a ac a to say, Rsmember the fate o f Stoen ” Soimu. This all e b ad, however, seem s a aly hit at the p ri st hood and is ma s sd with e Th e is , n g som address. pried not demfeated by the bmve of bmvea as is usually the m e with 1 36 NOT E S. adventurous lo vers ; but he is reserved for still deepsr diagrac a H e is made studiously base m d vile in everything : goading his o en c allin on a wo man fo r aid in dan r nurde in x , g ge , t r g his wifq m d lying to c onc eal his c rime ; till Divine Justic e

i d nan l m the r h sweeps him h ig t y fro fac e of the sa t .

THE MAID OF C OSIA.

Tms stor o f w ic no isto r o f allac ia ma es a y, h h h y W h k ny

d red t aris in a B san Histor b mention, was isc ove a P , y tine y, y

M. Bolie a Wallac hian entleman who c ommunioated it to k, g ,

P 0 ag 87 .

” “ C asio is a c onvent in WaHec hia sitnated on th e brow of a

C r ians splendid hill near the a path .

lin 6 Page 87 , e .

” e a h e —This earful name was iven fl p c , or the Imml r. f g to

R d o r Ru l o o f th r v s f h es f allac i a , do ph, ne e b a e t o t e duk o W h a, in c onsequenc e o f his having immled no less than m emory seems to be regarded in Rou mania with something of

’ the sam e aflec tion we have fo r that om ur de Idon.

T w a fi ure e fi tl W l hian ootr two birds g v ry uquen y in al ac p y. The C ouc ou is supposed to be a mysterious being o f m uc h

aidq but fo rsbodes evil if heard on the left.

1 38 N O T E S .

MIH NEA D OMNU A ND RUD OLPH C AL OF IRESC O .

S ne f a rea m a l e In THI is o o g t any b l ads o n th same subjec t.

Mi i th e rav re la e hn a D o mn so me c a e c s Mi é u. h , b , p

Page 98 .

alo rec o —Th e lo fir s and C a lesc i we re fam ou s C fi c . C a e c i p

allac ro e W hian he s.

e Pag 98 .

D am n a c rru i f th Latin D ominus is he m ost , o pt on o e , t

le of um T at o fH o s o ar w anc ient tit the Princ es o fRo ania. h p d as " iven t em the ussians. T e were also c alle Voéoodes g h by R h y d , ” o r war- c hi efs fro m two Sc lave wor s Voi a tro o and , d ; , p , ” Vodit c m n e r and e s l o f e i , o m a d ; th ty e th o ffic al do c uments exec uted by Kobert the Blac k runs thu s We Vo evo th e rac e of Go d D omn o f the w o le Rom an d, by g h ” wo rl D u e o f Om lash and F a arash 8 m. In late r times th e d, k , g ,

f D e h F a h h e e title o uk O f Omlas and garas as be n dro pp d.

MIRC EA BE RE NI P I FO C O OL S.

Mircea Princ e o f allac ia was th e first rinc e wh o , W h , p ac no wle e th e suzeraint o f th e Po rts a voluntar treat k dg d y , by y y o n l e d in 1 c c ud 393.

P e 4 . ag 1 03, line

P roud Ea le et c —I use th r e le ere but t g , . have d e wo d ag h , i ” 18 Sc hOe m o r aw in th e o ri inal. , h k, g

MIHAI TH E BRAVE AND HIS EX EC UTIONE R.

Mm a i P n f l H elle suc the rave ri c e o a lac hia. e re c ess , b W b d 1 39 NO T E S .

full a ainst th e Tur s and aine se veral vic to ries. His most y g k , g d ” im r ni w er h e efeate portant battle was that o f C alagu e , h e d d

the immense host o fSinan Pasha with a mere haudfii l o fbraves .

Ho was in the end assassinated by M a petty princ e in the

It is sdd that he was o nc e c o ndemned to death by his pre dm on but at th e m o ment when the exec utioner was abou t to strika he be c ame fascinate d by the c slm steady gase of

’ Mih i hose arlin he m a and let fall his axe . The eO le w p p , d g , and who only waitedfo r some ac c idental c irc umstanc e to be c om e unm t o rities ne w elivere him the anap able to the au h , d d by

ro in m h . Th e tor has hesn st ng hsnd, and le d him h o me triu p s y

'

A oaanm o c il s or . It is ho wever o ne of the vsr h d st y , , y

fe v o t il d sli htl to alte r fi'om the t a e been obliged t c ur a an g y ,

M om e mpetiti ons and want of c onnection in the original. l

ave o ne so o wever wit e trem e esitatio n and m c or h d h h x h , y n otions or l do n now whi to c all t em onl a l ( b ots I ot k c h h ,) y pp y to a few scattered h d e th e em h o f m ddlin words. e d t p tion e g " has be w v r allurin t r u o ut th e D efine enerall bu t e y g h o gh g y, I ave c onsc ientio usl s it th e o ec t to be c arrie o ut h y resi ted ; bj d , and whic h would aloue make this bw k of w y valua did not seem to me to be to produc c so m ething p retty ; but t o give i that whieh was already made to my hand as u aotly as poss ble,

T ere and leave it as c harsc terh tic and natio ual as l found it . h is h ardl a ai le le d h e c h a n c eful y ng gsn er given, out o f whi g

n i l T is a d remarkable tsle m ght not have been essi y worked. h , h w ver l iar sm n uite so o e , would have been a kind of p ag i ot q homest as c o mmon. 1 4 0 N OT E S.

MI ORA.

Pa e 1 1 1 line 4. g ,

V a eia a lit l ro vin o f M l av um the ar at i ns r n , t e p ce o d ia C p h a . The Trm ylvanian shepherds pass the summ ed am ong the

winter th ey deeoend into th e plains o n the hanks ol the D anu be.

Two o r t ree enerall o to et h g y ass c iate g her.

Pa e 1 1 1 line 4 g , .

H ongoura m an epithet o f dM applied to the Wallaehs ofTrans lvan I m Hun ri e y ia. t eans p anised. We ua th e word

F ren hified u o in m c h the same sense.

Pa e 111 1ine l l . g ,

” ol Mien is th e pet name given to a lamb in M davia.

Pa e 1 4 1 11 line . g ,

“ W W is a kind ol oarest ogether untn -n lmw

’ addressed by the ahepherda to the peta ot their floc k.

P e 118 line 9. ag ,

” “ o thc i larl b autiful ex reaai n fl a bdrothed f world, a angu y e p o

for desth .

P e 1 13 line 1 0, ag , "— A m is fo lleu The popular eupeu tition in noldavia belie vee that when any o ne diu his atn falls fio m the hm

b r a h h in an they elieve it fi st appe red there at his irt , and flueneed his d i h u t ny thro ug life .

NATIONAL U M AIRS OF RO ANIA.

ARRANG ED FO R T HE PIANO

B Y H E NRI Z .

These Airs have been kindly c ommunic ated to me by the

m c rea J u n Gama, whose unaffected kindness and seal, in aiding me to make this little W ork as perfec t as possible,I c an h ardly acknowledge too gratefully.

C . E . GRE NVI LL E M U RRAY .

A lle gre tt o quasi A nda ntino

A nd a nt e

Marks in the fires

V.

D O I N E ;

O r the N at na S n s and e e nds o f R man a. , io l o g L g ou i ranslated fr the O r na s w th an Intr duc t and om igi l , i o ion, Spe c ime ns o f the Music .

B E C G REN I E M RRA E s . y . . V LL U Y , q O ne o n 8 V lume, c row vo . ast read (f y. )

VI . S MO DERN GERMA N MU IC .

B H C O R E E s . y E N R Y F . H L Y , q

T e s st 8 vo . ust read . wo Volum , po (y y )

VI I .

O U N T E RPART S T E C R SS O F O E . ; o n, H O L V ” BY T H E U T H A O R o r C H A RLE S AU C H E ST ER .

T re e o um e s st 8 vo Sbortl . h V l , po . ( y )

VIII . N A N E T S T E A N D H ER LO VER . B T A BO T W E y L G Y N N . ” t r o f T he Sc o fo r a rs S Bar stark St e ho ho l F the , ilas n e , .

O ne o m r ume c r n 8vo . 1 ead V l , ow (7 y. )

I X . ‘ O ME G RAN E MO RtJT H G o n T HE E . L ; , D RN ” W W T S n D . A O N E s . A t f T r thla 8 m . , q u hor o e ve , .

o lsc a 8v Sbartl Fo p e . ( y)

X HE HEIR F A IS T O V LL . W W B I IAM MAT E S E s . y LL H , q

T ree umes st 8 vo . read . h Vol , po y )

X I . T RAV S A N D A U R S IN ASSAM EL DVEN T E .

- U T ER By C APT AIN 301114 B L .

e with Y\a\es . O ne V olum e, Sv ,

B O O K S U B L I S H E D B X

w orks inst afiublisbzh.

V U VENILE D EL IN U ENC Y J Q .

' T wo E ssays whic h O btained the Priz e s o fiere d by L a N e B r o l y on . W B MI IA I and C C RN A IS. y C A H H LL . F . O LL

O ne o ume st vo r c e 63 C o t . V l , po 8 , p i . l h

T e fi a T his volum e is the best existing m anual o f the subj ec t. h rst Essay m y said to c o m a the w o le ro und o f the sub ec t wit its statistics rese ntin a man p ss h j , h p g f h r e T he o t er is re markable fo r a i o u o t e standing fac ts and a gum nts. h v g ro s traiture o f the ge ne ral c auses o f juvenile delinque nc y ; and it has a novelty and whic h thro w a ne w light upo n the v We c ommend this vo lume to uni e rsal atte ntio n. I n it is c o mpac tly yet v full ritte n the to r o f t at sava e o rde am o n th e c ivili b y w s y h g h g ze d, whic h has no w ” - w i e o rm ed. E miner ise disc plin to be transf xa . VI AVIL L IO N AN D O T E R A , H T LES. ” B the A t o f O ve T he ead o f h am y u hor li , H t e F ily,

T ree m e s st 8ve r c e 1 1 I n 6d C t h Volu , po , p i . . . lo h.

’ A villio n is a beautiful and fanc iful sto ry ; and the rest m ake agreeable readi T ere is no t o ne o f t e m un uick ened b true feelin e x uisite te d h h q y g, q tas , an a pure a ” vivid im a inat o — in g i n. E xam er . T hese vo lum es fo rm alto gether as pleasant and fanc iful a misc ellany as has 0 ” been iven to he i in — t ubl c t ese latter da A tlreme um. g p h ys. In a nic e no wled e o f th e refinem ents o f the fem ale eart and in a a k g h , h ppy po ” o fde ic tin em otio n the aut o ress is exc elled b ver fe w sto r - tellers o f the da p g , h y y y y.

VII . T HE T R E L AW O F P I U PO ULAT O N ,

Sh wn to be c nne c t ed w th the o d o f th e o o o i F o e P ple . B T O MAS O B E A y H D U L D Y .

T rd and En ar e d Ed t o n 8vo ric e 1 05 c hi l g i i , , p . loth. ” — A ver able and in enio u bo o In uirer . y g s k . q ” — A bo o o f sterlin value and dee inte rest. M om in A dv ertiser k g p g .

VIII . A C K AN N EW Z EA AN U L D , L D , A ND T HE Y AD AC E T C O U NT R S N . ( P o st 8 v and C olo uredM a in e as . that“ 0, with a V iew p ,p I X . T HE N S I RREC T IO N IN C HIN A B D r. Y U . y

and M , GAL LERY W me tar A c . ith a Supple n y o f the M st Rec e nt E vents B O N O X E N F O R D o . y J H

T H lR D E D IT IO N ; E N L A R G E D .

o st 8 vo i w t C nese a and rtra t s. 6d. c P , h hi M p Po i , 7 ,

A c urio us bo o ivin a luc id ac c o unt o f the o ri in and ro ress o f th e c k , g g g p g ” ’ no w ra in in C ina brin in i d w e r t a —Blac bwood : Illa g g h , g g t o n to th p esen d y. T eir narrative i n i i n and id h s a im ated by traits o fC hinese manners, o p n o s, b l v y i ely re minisc enc es o f the c o untry and som e o f the ac to rs with whom the ” were e rso nall ac uainted —S ec tator p y q . p . T he boo c an c arc e i —A tbez k s ly fail to find a c urio us and interested publ c . ” A n inte restin ubli — ia g p c atio n, fi ll o fc urio us and valuable matter. E xan ” T he vo lum e is instru tiv and tiv i e re — IIu: trated c e attrac e in a h gh d g e . I T he Re vo lutio n in C hina is the greatest revo lutio n the wo rld has yet 8

X . T H E C RO SS AN D T HE DRAGO N

O r T he t n f h na h , For u es o C ristianity in C hi ; wit

t he Se S he n se c ret oc ieties o f t C hi e .

B KESSO N . y J.

O ne me st 8vo c e 63. c t . Volu , po , pri lo h ” s o us bo o —S c t tor A painstaking and c o nsc ienti k. pe a . ” — r e utlin f he sub ec t. A t/mue rm A ve y readabl o e o t j . ”— A learned and exc ellent little boo k Glas ow Commonwealth. . g

X I . M E M O R A N DU M S M A D E I N I R E L A N

M D . A ut o f O RBE S . By SIR JO HN F , , hor ’ d T he Physic ian s Holi ay.

T st 8vo w t I ustrat s c e l l. 1 5 . wo Vols. , Po , i h ll ion , pri

A o m le te andboo o f the sister island. If t ere be an who it c p h k h y, , no thin o f it so c ial and o litic al c o nditio n m editate a to ur in reland the g s p , I , and pro fit to be derived from the journey will be m uch enhanc ed by a c areful a ’ ” — ~ r F o rbes s v e r e nsible obse rvatio ns. N e w uarter Rev iew . D . y s Q ly x nt and li e all the writin s o f its aut or oints to T he boo k is e c elle , , k g h , p l a indl B re o f all ra r . It is o nest t o u tfu libe ral nd . aders pu pose h , h gh , , k y y g ’ " — E a iner. F o rbes s vo lumes will be read with pleasure . z m D r F o rbe i e vi entl ossessed a c andi d mind and dxou a h e b aa . s s d y p o f , vg “ — M o lem i al i rit . A t htu¢ p c m atter, he do es no t write in a sec tarian sp I . T HE ST N ES N IC E U N O O F VE . onN R SKI , Es “ ” A t o f Mo d a n s am A rc l u hor ern P i ter , en L ps of ” te t re 8t c . N o i T o mes m e c u , w c o rnplete , n hree V lu , i p r 8 vo t a W o d ts d aw , wi h 53 Pl tes, and nume rous o cu , r n

t he A t . 1 1 o sse t W1 . 5 . mb u hor Price 5 . 5 6d. , in e d clo h, to ed e p g gilt . — Vet . L T HE FO U ND AT IO NS with Platla. Ptic e sl. as. — , a t Von. ih T HB S S i Price s BA T O RIES w th o Plates. sl. a . — , s Ve t . [ L T HE F A L Pri e 1 64 I L , with rs Plates. c 1 . t u . .

T is bo o is one w ic e r a s no o t er man c ould ave writte n and o ne h k h h, p h p , h h , w ic the wo rld o u t to be in he i hest de re e h h gh and will be thankful. i t is t h g g e uent ac ute ti atin to u o t ows a o w q , . s mul g tho ght, and fertile in suggesti n. i sh p er rac tical c ritic ism w ic w en fixe d definite o bec t no thin absurd o r evil p h h, h o n a j , g withstand; and a powe r o f apprec iation whic h has restoredtreasures o fbeauty to ma

ind. It will we are c o nvinc ed e le vate ta te andinte llec t raise the to ne o f m o ral fr k , , s , in indle benevo lenc e to wards m en and inc rease the lo ve andfear o fGu lf —Tin g, k , T h S ' i e to nes o f Venic e is the re duc tio n o f an earnest, re l gious, proc re ai and inform ed mind T he aut o r 0 e a o n arc hi tec ture has c o ndensed i . h this ss y it s o i n u a p etic apprehensio n, the fruit o f awe o f God, and del ght in at re ; h as led e love and ust estimate o f art a o ldin fast to fact and re udiation ofhe ar: g , , j ; h g p an hi tor l e is n o ial ro bl s s ic bresdth , and a fearles c hal enge o f x ti g s c p em ; wh unio n we — kn o w not where to find ” Re la y Spect ator . O ne of the m ost im po rtant works o n a sthc tics e ve r published in this c o unt and whic h no t only equals in pmfundity any single work put fo rth in mo dern tir u o n art but sur a e in im rta e t has eretofo re bee n writte n u o n p , p ss s po nc tha h p subiec t ; inasmuc h as the wnte r is gi with the m e tsc t to make pro found tru ” i: ie to c ommo n unde rstandin D al . p gs. !) N ews “ No os e who hss studied art in Venic e will go thro ugh this boo k witho ut st l p easure as be lo ngs to a revival o f som e o f his warmest admirations, and the re fs! ‘ m ent o f his most delic io us assoc iatio s and of true thin s. ns. h is full o ffine thing , g

A rb ut u s . ’ T i worka sh t a Mr R n s e on and c ritic ism it h s o ws h t . uski powers of eornp tid

n r in reater forc e . H i s elo u i as h t eart his eve g q e nce s ric , his en husiasm as h y th fo r all th at i an r T h in g a is d no ble in art as een as eve . e boo a p y h gh k k, writes is manl and i - minded nd u ual the attention alive to the la! , y h gh , a , as s , keeps

No o ne who has visited Venic e c an read this boo k without having a ric her g!

t ro th o wh ave no Mr. h wn over his re me mbranc es of that c ity ; and fo r se o h t, Rod paints it with a firm ne. o f outline and vividness o f c o lo uring that will bring it bel " ' —! the ima inati r of i t . G t g on with the fo ce m y Lim a y aze te. “ T he whole is eloquent and thoughtfu l, and c reative of though t in oth T his boo k is a noble innovatio n apo n the o ld dead mllt of arc hitrc ls, and M i " in arc h tec ture. The reputstion whic h Mn k uskin has earue d hy hh fe m a works will webs ‘ ‘ V w c rec ei ve s gru t ac c essio n of lustre frem th s Stnma oi ed . m ‘fi m a righ t to expe c t from th e age and evide nt“; t m w m w : j ustly desc ribe d as his m o st valuable W s " — w er! M p o p ular o f all h is m u m smab se )

t arkera . w orks of w . QEb y

1 . L EC TURES ON THE ENGL ISH H U MO U RIS 1 OF THE 8T H C ENTURY . W B M Es . y . . THACKERAY , q , ” “ ” A utho r o f n an t F air n nn &c Esmo d, V i y , Pe de is,

n ditio n r v the A utho r. Seco d E , e ised by I n O ne r n 8 vc . r 1 0s. 6d. . Volume, c ow , p ice cloth

t ose who atte n e the ec ures the w l be a easan re n sc e nc e To h d d l t , book il pl t mi i , — e rs an e c n n e . T h e s e c ear at c f rc e fa ar but ne oth x iti g ov lty tyl l , idiom i , o ibl , mili , slove nly the searc hing strokes o f sarc asm o r irony ; the oc c asional flash es o f ge ne sc rn the uc es o f a s and en erness th e ra te e re but ne o ; to h p tho , pity, t d mo lity mp d wea e ne e er enc e and s at the fe c us rases the s r n anec do t k d by xp i ymp hy ; li ito ph , t iki g the assa es o f w se ra a reflec i n all ese se uc an we c u h a p g i , p c tic l t o ; th lo m h less th o ld ” e ec e fr the a senc e o f the c e anne r and o f th e ec ure r. xp t d om b voi , m , look l t

at fine n s the ec ures c n a n ! at e ue nt and u t e sa n w Wh thi g l t o t i Wh loq s b l yi gs, wise and earnest wri ti ng ! H o w d e lightful are thei r turns o f humour ; with wh a uc n e ffec in the r er assa es th e e nu ne fee n o f the m an c es o ut a to hi g t, g av p g , g i li g om ; ” ho w the u are inted a it we re in ra h c and c arac ter t r vividly tho ghts pa , s , g p i h is ic wo ds.

Examiner . ’ t Mr. This is to us by far the most ac c e p able o f Thac keray s writings . ra h c st e his h l s c a s r his ana t c a we rs his ar e - ear e ness g p i yl , p i o ophi l pi it, ly i l po , l g h t d , ” — sh re w ness and his en e n a e all r e t e e es. E conomi: t . d g tl ess, h v oom to xhibit h ms lv ’ ese ec ures are r in all the es ua es o f the au r s e n us and ada Th L t ic h b t q liti tho g i , ; ” to awa en and n ur e r u n — ritis/i rt k o ish a literary tast tho o ghly E glish . B Qua

O ne o f the s a u n at we a e rea fo r a n t e nd ne mo t m si g books th h v d lo g im , a o ” — we n w ll c u a a n e in n l erature Standard. thi k i o c py l sti g plac E g ish lit .

I I

SMO E s E ND . By W . M . THACKERAY , q. , n 6d n . r n 8vc r 1 1. I n . . Seco d Editio , 3Vols , c ow , p ice clo

M r ac era ha e ec f r hi r e r n e e f the c a a er so ft . Th k y s s l te d o s he o a v y obl typ o v li in n the m an o f h a d o r hi r e o ne o f e swee g i to t e eighte enth c e ntury, n f s h e oin th ' w e n a e e r reat a a o r fr m s nc Rafiaelle a n e om th t v b he d from c nv ss o book, i e p i t d

Shaks eare wr e . T he s e is an c lear e rse and r us reflec n e ve p ot tyl m ly, , t , vigo o , ti g — ” — a e t c ra e o r sarc ast c o f the wr te r. S ec taror. mood , p th i , g v , i i p Onc e more we fee l that we have before us a masc uline and thoro ugh Engli wr er un n th e we r o f su e ana s s w a r n t n and a it , iti g po btl ly i ith st o g voli io movi — ” — e ue nc e an e ue nc e w c has a ne in r c ne and ar n . A tb m¢mn loq loq hi h g i d i h ss h mo y . ’ l n u e r c nes Es n a n e e es the wr ter s it es a q i t i h s, mo d m i ly r s mbl old i s ; a do lso ” we o f t u n er o f ur e n e r o f the ear an ra n —F r : e ight ho ght, si c ity p pos , a d po t y h t d b i . a in M gaz e.

A PO W M H A E s R T R T . AI O F . T CKERAY, ' ‘ E n rave d b nc is H o“ fro m a D rawm o‘ %m g y F ra , g ;

Ra nts 1 1 . u . L a uren P o 2 1. , c e . I ndia ro fs , I . V L E r o f IL ETTE . By C URR R BELL , Autho ” ” Y H Y &c . In r o s E RE , S IRLE , Th ee Volumes , p

6d . r I I S . . p ice 1 1. cloth This book would have made C urrer Be ll famous had she no t been al ’ re r e es all the r un she s in Sh r e a d w e n a e a wide r c rc e 0 t i v g o d lo t i l y, n it ill g g i l ‘ ’ t an ane E e fo r it has all the es ua es o f th at re ar a e o h yr , b t q liti m k bl bo k thro ugLo ut a c harm o f fresh ness whic h is infi nite ly de lightful : freshness m ” — a n fres i r L rter r Gaz ette. in fee n fre ness n e ess n. tio , hness li g, sh xp io y This nov e l amply sustains the fam e o f th e author o f Jane Eyre and as an r na a w r u wr er Vi e e is a s a ra wr e o igi l nd po e f l it . ll tt mo t dmi bly itt ” e er w e re r na e e r w e re s re w andat ear e e r w e re n l . v y h o igi l, v y h h d , h t v y h ki d y T he a e is o ne o f the affe c i ns and re ar a e as a c ure o f m an t l t o , m k bl pi t urn n u n o ne r an s nc c arac er ee s b i g heart glows througho t it,a d b illi tly di ti t h t k p

A rbo ret um.

- a u O f inte resting sc enes and we ll d rawn c harac ters the re is b ndanc e . Th ers are ar us a c nc e e and s e o f th e a n e w a ru t v io , h ppily o iv d, om m p i t d ith t th ” — rare ur . t tor ly s passe d Spec a . I I

a a C U R R E R . A new SHIRLEY ; T le . By BELL E r n vo C ow 8 , é s. cloth . T he pec uliar power whic h was so greatly admire d in Jane Eyre i s n

fr t s . It ssesses ee n e res and an i rres st e ras o f rea . om hi book po d p i t t, i ibl g p lity i a T e s vividness and distinc tness o f c onc e ption in it quite marve llous. h ra fo r n an n i e n . r are sc enes w c g phic de li neatio d expressio s int se he e hi h, T — and e c a o f t n ar no t ransc e n e in the ran e o fEn s fic tio n. E d li c y emo io , e t d d g gli h ’ Shirley is an admirable book ; genuine English in the inde pende nc e r tness o f the ne f u in the ur f ear and fee n w c igh to o tho ght, p ity o h t li g hi h p — ' in the asc u ne ur o f i c nc e n o f c arac e r M ormn Chronic le. m li vigo ts o ptio h t . g

S r e is er c e e r. T he fac u o f ra c esc r t n s r n ima hi l y v y l v lty g phi d ip io , t o g fer an c u all are G o r d as ne i n ana t c s e . e f ra tho vid m li dic t o , ly i skill, vi ibl ms e ” —‘ r us ass n s ne e re and t ere t r u ut the u e 17mes. glo io p io hi h h h o gho vol m s.

I I I . JA NE EYRE : an A uto bio grap By C U RR ER

r n r n 8 vc . Fou th Editio . C ow , cloth ‘ ’ ane E re i ti n. res ness and o ri inalit t J y s a remarkable prod uc o F h g y, ass n n u r ner a d in the an p io , si g la fe lic ity in the desc ription o f natural sc e y n o f u an u na e s a e an o ut fr the ass and h m tho ght, e bl thi t l to st d boldly om m , t its o wn W e c u no t but I plac e in the bright fie ld o f romantic lite rature . o ld w the rac ness and a o f the w r th e n e e n en swa o f a th ith i bility o k, by i d p d t y o r na and unw rn e n the u n c urre n o f n e t u ts and igi l o p , by m asc li e t obl ho gh , ” — flinc hin Times. g dissec tion o f th e dark yet truthful c harac ter.

I V. W UTHERING HEIGHTS and AGNES GREY . r W h a Sele i n o f their L ite E L L s and A C T O N B EL L . it c t o m ains and a Bio ra hic al No tic e o f bo th A utho rs b C U RRER , g , y r w 6 t C o n svc , s. c lo

V .

PO E B E L L . M S. B C U R S and Aa ro n y R E R , E L L I , ’ ln nm ct on . 31m . QE p s fi i s

I . T HE LIFE AN D DEATH O F SILAS BA RN ST AR W By TALBOT G YNNE . ' l O ne r wn 8vo . r 1 03. 6a . t . Volume, c o , p ice c o h fa e r Mr. Gwynne has adopted the nervous and suc c inc t style o f o ur fore th s, narrat n the f er o f T he rea e r w l find i t e to im ec i g c are er o a lov money . d il l t l p ” — er i tb m¢um. int est n followi ng th e c aree r o f this bad man to its bad e nd. A I n an wa s is re ar a e S as and his relati ns stan fo r m y ys thi book m k bl . il o d st nc tl and f r and w t so uc si c a we are far re inc lin di i y o c ibly, i h m h mpli ity, th t mo fee o f e as if t e rea e t a o f the wri e rs o f re e n e ar es and l th m h y lly liv d , h n t p t d d di i ra es T he anners and wa s o f s eec o f t e t e are r ra e a ra biog phi . m y p h h im po t y d dmi bly

T he ra ua r wt o f the sin o f c et usness its te rar istur anc e b g d l g o h ov o , mpo y d b y ture o f a f er a n and the an o f re rse are rtra e w t admix so t p ssio , p gs mo , po y d i h ra a effe c t re m bin i e enes the ant c a es o f anc en ra e d m tic , se g n som sc gig i m j ty i t T g dy obs B ull y . w c mmen i A story possessing an i nterest so te nac ious that no o ne ho o c es t, — a St ndard. e asily le ve the pe rusal unfi nishe d . a — ' A of aim and un uest na e wer Eaaminer. book high q io bl po .

I I . T HE SCHOOL FOR F ATH ERS ; A n Old English St

W YN N . r n 8 vo . r 1 05 . 6d. c lo tl By T . G E C ow P ice

It i a o f th T he ple asantest tale we have read fo r many a day. s sto ry e and S ec t tor a nd is r fitl ass c ate w at t e o f o En ish er p a d ys, a ve y y o i d ith th im go d gl lit ' ‘ its an fee l n rec unafiec ted anne r o f wr tin and n c e ana e by m ly i g, di t, m i g, i y m g d , turne narrat e T he desc r ns are e c e e n s e o f the c un r ai d iv . iptio x ll t ; om o t y p ” is as fres a c a C n ta e o r an A fre enn s n. h s a lands pe by o s bl , idyl by l d T y o T he Sc hool fo r Fathe rs is at onc e highly am using and de e ply interesting — o f that genuine h umour whic h is half pathos and writte n with a freshness o f ing and rac i ness o f style whic h entitle it to be c alle d a tale in the Vicar qf Web c — r t 7 mi s hool . B . a a . i n a ra e i n ur e F e w are the tales so i nte rest ng to read, a d so dmi bl p pos and styl ’ — o r P e s . Gloée The Sc hool f ath .

I I I .

T H E F O R EA M S T . G SCHOOL DR ER . By WYN

r o . 6d. . C own 8v Price I Or. cloth “ ‘ T h - l f the f es o f an in the auth r o f The Sc e master im ne r o olli m k d , o hoo ’ h r h r r a e a un w t tra ts o f e u s te u ur Fat e s, as p od uc ed anothe t l bo ding i h i xq i i h mo ” — ‘ sa es o f ar l n abn Ball. lli sp k i g wit. j " ’ ’ l h e S fo r Drea ers m a be c red te w fe u ur and c hool m y i d ith li , h mo , vi ’ r w n ic ates a r The re is a spi rit o f e njoym e nt in M . Gwynne s d esc riptions hic h i d g ” — te era e n we l as a s re w e e . A rbeme um. mp m t, as l h d y A story whic h inc ulc ates a sound and sensible moral in a manner equally deli ” — ful and e ffe e M ornin Port . c tiv .

A d s u - wr tten inte n e to s w th e sc hief po werfully an kil lly i book , d d ho mi dange r o f 16 110 wing im aginatio n insteadof Sudgm ent in th e gra ded business o f

’ ‘ iraterriw fin c h A n adm ira ble an d c austic satire o n equah t ; and g

o t u W orks f w . 31l m m.

l .

THE AUTO BIO GRAPH Y OF L EIGH H UN T : r n n Reminiscences o f Frie ds and Co temporaries . 3

8 vo r ra s 1 5 . . post , with Po t it , 5 cloth “ These volumes c o ntai n a pe rso nal rec ollec tion o f the li terature and politi we s e f the st remar a e terar men and t c ans o f the ast ft ll as om o mo k bl li y poli i i , l fi y T he re n sc e nc es are b etc hes o f anners ur n th e sa e erio ai mi i varie d y sk m d i g m p d , r c a re ar s o n ar u e are a s e en e b is rec ollen c iti l m k v io s topics . Th y l o xt d d y boy h fa ra n and c n e rar rea n so a we a e a s r o fso c a en mily t ditio , o t mpo y di g ; th t h v o t i l almost a c e n ur w t its fluc ua ns o f u ic f r une and its c an es 0 fasl t y, i h t tio p bl o t h g ” — nne rs and in ns. S eetaror . m a , op io p

I I .

r d n THE TOWN : its Memorable Characte s an Eve ts .

o 8 vo tra n I I. 5 . . v ls . post , with 4 5 Illus tio s, 4 cloth “ We will allow no highe r e njoyme nt for a rational Englishm an than to - - e un e l eisure ly th rough this marve llous town arm ia arm with M r. L igh H t. H " ‘ - TI us the outpouri ngs o f a mind enric h ed with the most agreeable knowledge .

I I I .

AN D . 2 v s. t 8vo r MEN , WOMEN , BOOKS ol pos ,

r ra I or. o . Po t it, cl th

’ A fo r a arl ur- w n w fo r a su er s eve fo r a war res e fo r a book p o i do , mm , m fi id , ' ’ r leisure fo r a w e a s u ur in an and e er oa ible s a e a c h hou s , hol d y l x y; y v y p h p ”— Wesm imrer Rev ie w. c ompanion.

I V.

AN D r. . IMAGINATION FANCY . S cloth “ ” — e A rlas. T he ve ry essenc e ofthe sunniest qualities o fthe English po ts.

V.

5 . WIT AND HUMOUR . 5 . cloth ” — Arseaa m . A book at onc e exhilarating and suggestive .

VI .

A JA R OF H O NEY FROM MOUNT HYBLA .

" l —A rba n¢ A book ac c eptable at al seasons. m

vrr.

T A BL E T A s 6d . LK . 3 . . cloth “ h e ree n h m w ank . Precise ly th e book we would ta ke as a c o mpanion o n t g mistrustmoss. ~{

I . TWO T HO USAN D MILES ’ RIDE TH RO UGH T ARGENTINE PROVINCES : with an Account

n r la a a n Sec . Bue os Ay es , the Rio de Pl t , Mo te Video,

M E s . 2 . 8 vc w WILLIA MCCANN , q Vols , post ,

n r 2 1 . Illustratio s . P ice 4 . cloth T he anim ated narrative o f an observant and sensible man ; c o ntaining rn e r f r a f u to c erc ial m e a full st r f h g ne al in o m tion o val e omm n,and hi o y o t e rec e nt ” — war. Bririsb erl Re view .

A e te nd. o k fo r th e A r entine Pr nc es n a uc i and c ompl g ovi , givi g l d ”— n N uarter v ie . telligible ac c ount of thei r politic al c o dition. ew Q ly Re w “ c nta n a d n c e a er uc c a n wle e o Bu This book o i s go od n i stru tiv m tt , m h lo l k o dg f " — n n i n c n ernin Or en a and Para ua . lee ¢ Ayres, a d i fo rmat o o c g the Bands i t l , g y A fl " — A ri a ira e ac c unt o f fe in the Ar ent ne Pr inc es. Literar C areer: dm bl o li g i ov ! y

1 1 .

A V THE SECOND BURMESE WAR . NARRATI E W T P A S A T GO . H E O ER TION RAN ON . By Lieut ILLI

. AU R E a ra A rt ille P st 8vo t F B . L I , M d s o , wi h M

an and . r 1 0 . . Pl s, Views P ice 5 cloth T he e vents o f the c urre nt c ampaign are h ere c ondense d andill ustrate d by ” — eac r an e e o ac n Globe . of h impo t t sc n f tio . u x s war in its e a s as see n b th e su a ern and in its la This vol m e e hibit d t il , y b lt , " - ec s a e u fr th e i and ic s o f the r tor . asp t s pi c k d p om gom p c rit i m c amp. Spec a tar narrat e ustrate b e ws and sec t ns and c a c u a e A mili y iv , ill d y vi , io , l l t re move many erroneous imprea io ns as to e c harac ter of the sec ond Burm ese war er r z t t Lit a y Ga e e. A n i nteresti ng ac c ount o f the rec e nt ope rations in Burm ah ; the d e tails o f w " the a s a d lans in he ena u l to u r —N ew ua: m p n p t book ble us f l y nde stand . Q

Rev iew .

ra i narra i e in o f the war ke rat ns at Ran n A p d t v , soldie rly style , li ope io goo

A lba n ia .

I I I .

TRAITS OF AMERICAN INDIAN LIFE . B

F U R R R . 8 vo r 3. . T ADE Post , p ice 7 cloth “ A enuine u e T he wr e r is an ac t r in the sc enes he desc ribes an g vol m . it o , his veracious pages are graphical! de lineate d the hazards whic h adve nturous ” e the trad rs unde rgo, and the a n y o f wilde rness. ’ T h fur- l c n a n n s e c es o f e trader s li tt e book, o t i i g k t h ”— ‘ the Ore o n is er welc e from his n wled e o fthe In an tr es. E xe m 1 g , v y om , k o g di ib

‘ I V.

E T H E A D VE N U TAL S OF THE COLONIES OR , T C H R c s nr 't r M I A . A as w o AN E GR NT By RL o , ' F ifth E di i n t o . 6r. c lo th . I v .

P E I : P . B O T CS AN ESSAY ON OETRY E .

AS E s In O ne l r n 8vo . yr DALL , q. V o ume, c ow ice 9

cloth . b is o ne o f the st re ar able nati n T his oo k mo m k ema o s of the present m . ’ w t he nec ar o f u . P ac tually overflows ith t tho ght oetic s sho uld he read, for re vi e we r c an present a pe rfe c t idea o f the ric hness of language and apho fism whi " — run l k e s l e r rea s r u the s berer ne of ar u en . ritic , i i v th d , th o gh o li g m t C . A r ar e w r —the w r of ar a c r tic em kabl o k o k a sc hol , i , a thinker. It oonnl

man no el e ws and uc e c e en atter. T he st e is fres inde e de n y v vi m h x ll t m yl h , p n i s ar c e ar and fte n fel c t us. m st the i ric acies ec b h p, l , o i i o A id nt of hs snplex su jec t, h ” Da as movm w t the c a rec isi n o f o ne who no ws the a r n —La ll i h lm p o k l by i th. dm ’ W reco e nd Mr. a a s b i e mm D ll s ook highly and c ord ally. The re is muc h th " wi l ease in the s a e o fshre w bser ati n and luc d and ee r tic i - r l pl h p d o v o , i d p c i sm . Ns

v . CONVERSATIONS OF GOETHE WITH ECKE ran at fr the rman x MANN . T sl ed om Ge by JOHN O a

R . 2 . 8 vo I os. o . FO D vols post , cl th ' These c onversations present a distinc t and truthful image of Goethe s mi d ne er wa u d uring the last te n years o f his life . A n v s his j dgment more c lear a i his n e r e s n on the eru c orrec t than n c losi g y a s. T he tim pe t p sal of this bo ok will ’ use fu and a reea em e . M r a nfo rd s translation is as e ac t and faith lly g bly ploy d . x ” — i ¢ t r. as t is elegant. Sp a a s

VI 0

i T X I c o rdn to T HE LAND A OF NDIA , A c g the Mo

hummudan L aw. . . L E E t By NEIL B E BAI LI , a “ ” r o f Moo humm udan L a f al 8: Autho the w o S e, o r 63 8 v , p ice . cloth . A most valuable addition to the stoc k o f materials ac c essible to the Engfl ’ e Lan T ax o fi ndia. Ba e ma be sa to e aust the sube reader o n th d M r. illi y id xh j c t w c he afiords a c e e e uc i at n and th e ac c urac of his translat n m hi h ompl t l d io , y io ay ”— e u P r¢sr. imrrlic itly re li d o . " — A e e ac un o fthe Ma omedan law f W i . c ompl t c o t h o m . Ecn m u " — and a u e t ti Liur l G m . A learne d v l abl re a se . a ) a er“

VI I . T HE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CASTE

. V NG E s . O ne t 8 vo n e B . A IR I , q Volume, pos , p c

cloth .

rate and ainsta n erf rmanc e e i tin a i este ie w o fthe A n e labo p ki g p o , xh bi g d g d v the ac ua O era n o f c as e fro m the est au r es and n rise th eo ry and t l p tio t , b tho iti , givi g some hi nts th at may be use ful in our future dea ling with the pe ople o f ludlaf

“ u ll fo the in ic at o ns it wo rds o f the m A milams wo rth c ons lting, especia y r d i ' f o u i ndx m o s-sm ut m o r suc c ess n establishing a peac e ful dominion m l a, m

e o ant u t o R ligi us, m ta i nal.

I I T H E EsU I T I N T RA I NI NG THE NOV T ATE OR , J B ANDREW ST

I n .

“ r a e . t e r e w e utenea the This Is a rema k bl boo k I d sc ib s ith a welc om min , n ur c c u a ons of the esuit N ates O f Sto n hurst t e r re ightly, ho ly o p ti J oviti y , h i nd ann in ri a e and to e me r and e c s w c nsi e ra e e xe rc ises a m ers, p v t g d pi t , ith o d bl th nfl c of an ntel e n u e t e - e s r t ness and power, e c o i ts i lig t, s sc p ibl , honest purpos d pi i , " — ass in t r u suc a ca . Bririsj uarter Re view p g h o gh h proc Q iy . A CO NVE RTED ATHEIST’S TESTIMONY THE TRUTH OF CHRISTIANITY : being r o f A LE xA N D E R S F ourtb Autobiog aphy HARRI .

ti n f a . 8 vo s. . o , c p , 3 Cloth A very interesting ac c o unt o f the e xperienc e o f an intelligent and sinc e re a h re to th e no o n the subjec t o f re ligion. We c n onm ly c omm end the book " — E clec tic Re view . o ur readers.

V THE RECTORY OF AL EHEA D . S N rrem rb ROBERT WI L O E VANS. F as

cloth . r de li tfu lu e W e do we ec om mend this gh l vo m . b ork and no t be the better fo r in pious and to u

s Lira ” Gazette . les ons. )

ELEMENTARY WORKS o n SOCIAL EC O N O h

- n f r in f a . 8 vo a f n . U i o m c p , h l bou d — OU LINE O SOC I L EC ONO Y . I s. 64 . I . T F A M — OG ESSIVE LESS NS IN SOC I L S r R C IE C I . IL—P R O A N E. N RODU C IO O T HE SOC IAL SC I NC ES. l . I 2 i l T T N T E 3. V — Q EST IO NS A ND ANS ERS O N T HE Al l A NGM N‘N A N D RELA T IO I . O W

SO I h . 64 . — C A L rs . at V OU LINES O T HE U NDERST NDING . 2 1 . . T F A V —WHA I ? m I ? WH T U GHT I T O DO I . T AM AM A O

sewe . I s. d “ T he author o f thm various manuals o f the social sc ie nces has the art o f s the a struse a ns o f l t c al ec n and e ta ics and a in c learly b p i po i i o omy m phys , m k g " u d n o o s . leve l to eve ry nderstan i g . E c n mi t

’ PARENTS CABINET o r AM U SE M ENT AND INST!

6 . 2 5 . 6d. a . a TION . vols e ch E ch volume is comple s f and ma had ara it el , y be sep tely.

L ITTLE STORIES m o re T H E PAR LOU R PRI NTI NG P ‘ ‘ “ \o t s . c . By the A uthor o f the Parents C amne . a