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Spotlight on the Muslim Middle East Crossroads

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Spotlight on the Muslim Middle East Crossroads DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 144 SO 027 871 AUTHOR Kelahan, Brian, Ed.; Penn, Marni, Ed. TITLE Spotlight on the Muslim Middle East Crossroads. A Student Reader [and] Teacher's Guide. INSTITUTION American Forum for Global Education, New York, NY. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-0-944675-57-3 PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 174p. AVAILABLE FROM The American Forum for Global Education, 120 Wall Street, Suite 2600, New York, NY 10005, telephone: 212-742-8232. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS African History; Arabs; Asian History; Foreign Countries; Global Education; *Islamic Culture; *Middle Eastern History; *Middle Eastern Studies; Non Western Civilization; *Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Social Studies; *World History IDENTIFIERS Middle East; Muslims ABSTRACT These books offer primary source readings focusing on significant eras of world history and the pivotal role of the Middle East. Each "crossroad" examines a particular juncture in world history through the cultural and economic crosscurrents that existed at the time. The eras identified include:(-41) "TheMedkevalPeriod";Cal "The PrP-Co1c.. (3) "The Colonial Period"; and (4)"The Modern Period." Introductory essays for the teacher include: (1) "The Crusading Era" (Jill N. Claster); (2) "The Dynamics of Cultural Encounters" (Lila Abu-Lughod); (3) "The Colonial Period" (Zachary Lockman); and (4)"The Muslim Middle East: Cultural Crossroads" (Mona Mikhail). teaching methodology is offered with various teaching insights and strategies. Additional teacher readings are titled: (1) "Islam: Stereotypes Still Prevail"; (2) "Early Islamic Civilization in Global Perspective"; (3) "The Crescent Obscured"; (4) "Mathematics and Astronomy"; (5) "Tamburlaine the Great"; (6) "Samarkand"; and (7)"Arab Noise and Ramadan Nights: Rai, Rap and Franco-Maghrebi Identities." (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Spotlighton TheMuslim Middle East Crossroads U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. N 00 A Student Reader O C--) BEST COPY AVAILABLE L Spotlighton TheMuslim Middle East Crossroads A Student Reader Edited by Brian Kelahan and Marni Penn Project Coordinator Hazel Sara Greenberg a publication of The American Forum for Global Education Funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Title VI Grant 3 Spotlight on The Muslim Middle East: Crossroads A Student Reader (secondary school level) funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Title VI Grant ISBN#: 0-944675-57-3 Copyright © 1996 The American Forum for Global Education All Rights Reserved. No part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher. The contents of this publicationmay, however, be reproduced if they are intended solely for non-profit, educational use, except in cases where such reproduction may infringe upon entries protected under their own copyrights. All entries from other sources are so indicated. The American Forum for Global Education wishes to acknowledge all publishers and authors for granting permission to reprint materials in Spotlight on the Muslim Middle East: Crossroads. In accordance with copyright law, all reprinted materials have been transcribed accurately and credit to sources are given. Every attempt has been made to obtain permission to reprint enclosed materials. Copyright holders of materials enclosed, that are not in the public domain and are not otherwise noted, are invited to contact The American Forum for Global Education. The American Forum for Global Education is a private non-profit organization founded in 1970. Its mission is to promote the education of our nation's youth for responsible citizenship in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. The programs of The American Forum foster a global perspective that include democratic and humane values, appreciation of cultural differences and commonalities, commitment to sustainable development, and the ability to think creatively, analytically and systemically about global issues. The American Forum for Global Education, 120 Wall Street, Suite 2600, New York, New York, 10005 212-742-8232; Fax: 21.2-742-8752; e-mail: [email protected]. 4 Table of Contents Crossroads: The Medieval Period The Speech of Urban II at the Council of Clermont 5 William of Tyre on the Causes of the Crusades 6 The Origins of The Hospital 7 Anna Comnena on the First Crusade 8 Fulcher of Chartres 9 The Franks Conquer Jerusalem 9 The Jews and The Fall of Jerusalem 9 Frankish Piracy 11 Frankish Medicine 11 The Franks and Marital Jealousy 11 Orientalized Franks 12 Christian Piety and Muslim Piety 12 Saladin's Summons to his People 12 Saladin's Character 13 Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders 14 Crusader Castles 18 The Travels of Marco Polo 19 al-Omari on Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca 20 Ibn Battutah's Travel to Mali 20 al-Mas'udi and al-Idrisi on Trade with East Africa 22 Freeman-Greenville: The Ivory Trade 23 Crossroads: The Pre-Colonial Period The Book of Duarte Barbosa 22 The Suma Oriental of Tome Pires 26 Ibn Battutah on "The Maldives" 27 Christopher Marlowe, "Tamburlaine the Great" 29 Ibn Khaldun, "Conversations with Tamerlane" 32 Bayezid I Yildirim 34 Draft Treaty of Amity and Commerce: The Ottoman Empire and France 37 Shah 'Abbas Privileges to Europeans 39 Letters from Barbary 39 The Turco-Ragusan Relationship 40 Hajji Khalifa on Tobacco and Coffee 42 Letters of Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq 44 The Report of Lello 45 Women of the Imperial Harem 46 Three Jews of the Ottoman Empire 48 Crossroads: The Colonial Period Decree of the French Directory Instructing Napoleon to Launch the EgyptianCampaign 51 Napoleon's Proclamation to the Egyptians 51 al-Jabarti's Chronicle of the First Seven Months of the French Occupation of Egypt 52 Treaty of Peace and Amity: The U.S. and the Garrison of Algiers 54 The Algerine Captive 56 Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim on the Slave Trade 57 Muhammed as-Saffar 58 Rif a Rafi 'al-Tahtawi 60 Earl of Cromer 62 `Abd -Allah al-Baraduni, "From Exile to Exile" 64 "Acres of Diamonds" by Russell Conwell 64 "The Dream" from One Thousand and One Nights 66 "Kubla Khan" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge 66 Edward Fitzgerald, "Ruba'iya.at of Omar Khayyam" 67 Displaying the Orient 67 Crossroads: The Modern Period American Magic in a Moroccan Town 70 Rai and Franco-Maghrebi Identities 71 Boom Box in Ouarzazate 72 Tourists with Agendas 73 Mahmoud al-Buraikan, "Tale of the Assyrian Statue" 74 T.S. Eliot, "The Wasteland" 75 `Ali Ahmad Sa'id (Adonis) 75 Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, "A City Without Rain" 77 Etel Adnan, "The Beirut-Hell Express" 78 Nazik al-Malai'ka, "Five Songs to Pain" 79 Taha Hussein, "The Future of Culture in Egypt" 79 Muhammad Nuwayhi, "A Revolution of Religious Thought" 81 Rif 'a Rafi al-Tahtawi 83 Murtaza Muhtahhari 84 David McMurray, "Haddou: A Moroccan Migrant Worker" 84 Abdelrahman Munif, "The Trench" 86 Driss Chraibi, "Mother Comes of Age" 87 Holly Chase, "The Meyhane or McDonald's?" 90 Amin Maalouf, "Samarkand" 91 The Moharram Festival in Iran, India and Trinidad 93 captives into its own country, and a part it has destroyed by Crossroads cruel tortures; it has either entirely destroyed the churches of God or appropriated them for the rites of its own religion. The Medieval Period They destroy the altars, after having defiled them with their uncleanness. They circumsize the Christians, and the blood of the circumcision they either spread upon the altars or Students studying the medieval period (c. 950 C. E. pour into the vases of the baptismal font. The kingdom of - 1300C.E.) will be aware, typically, of the the Greeks is now dismembered by them and deprived of crusader battles pitting Christian knights from territory so vast in extent that it cannot be traversed in a EuropeagainsttheSaraceninfidel from march of two months. On whom, therefore, is the task of avenging these wrongs and of recovering this territory the Palestine. In ourefforttobroaden incumbent, if not upon you? You, upon whom above other understanding of the numerous social, economic, nations God has conferred remarkable glory in arms, great political and religious forces which contributed to courage, bodily energy, and the strength to humble the hairy the Middle East's being a crossroads at this scalp of those who resist you. particular juncture in history, we have compiled "Let the deeds of your ancestors move you and incite your minds to manly achievements; likewise, the glory and important primary sources concerned with the greatness of King Charles the Great, and his son Louis, and crusader movement and local responses to it. We of your other kings, who have destroyed the kingdoms of have also included readings which reflect the the pagans, and have extended in these lands the territory of cultural and economic crosscurrents that existed the
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