Output 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy

E bike charging station planed, E bike charging station planed, National Park Persina, PP1 - Belene, BG , PP2 - Ivanovo, BG

E bike charging station ; GOLEM Summer lounge at the PP7 - City of , DE

E-bike charging station, Ciocănești fish farm, E-rickshaw, stationed at Triglav Park, PP10 - WWF, RO PP11 - BSC Kranj, SLO

The Project LENA - Local Economy and Nature Conservation in the Danube Region is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance II (IPA II) and the European Neighborhood Instrument (ENI).

List of contents

1. Introduction ...... 8 1.1 Description of project ...... 8 1.2 Purpose and content of this document ...... 8

2. General ...... 10 2.1 Overview e-mobility-market ...... 10 2.1.1 Europe in general ...... 10 2.1.2 ...... 11 2.1.3 ...... 15 2.1.4 ...... 16 2.1.5 Slovenia ...... 18 2.2 E-mobility technology ...... 27

3. Analysis ...... 32 3.1 City of Tuttlingen, DE ...... 33 3.1.1 Overview situation ...... 33 3.1.2 SWOT-analysis ...... 34 3.1.3 Implementation ...... 36 3.1.4 Suggestion ...... 36 3.2 Belene Municipality, BG ...... 37 3.2.1 Overview situation ...... 37 3.2.2 SWOT-analysis ...... 38 3.2.3 Implementation ...... 41 3.2.4 Suggestion ...... 41 3.3 Ivanovo Municipality, BG ...... 41 3.3.1 Overview situation ...... 42 3.3.2 SWOT-analysis ...... 43 3.3.3 Implementation ...... 46 3.3.4 Suggestion ...... 46 3.4 WWF, RO (Ciocanesti fish farm)...... 47 3.4.1 Overview situation ...... 47 3.4.2 SWOT-analysis ...... 48 3.4.3 Implementation ...... 54 3.4.4 Suggestion ...... 54 3.5 RDA of Gorenjska, BSC Ltd. Kranj, SI ...... 55 3.5.1 Overview situation ...... 55 3.5.2 SWOT-analysis ...... 55 3.5.3 Implementation ...... 56 3.5.4 Suggestion ...... 57 4. Strategic success factor ...... 58 4.1 Growth strategy in general ...... 58 4.2 Specials by project partners ...... 58 4.2.1 City of Tuttlingen, DE...... 58 4.2.2 Belene Municipality, BG, Ivanovo Municipality, BG and WWF, RO (Fish farm Ciocanesti) ...... 59

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 2 4.2.3 RDA of Gorenjska, BSC Ltd. Kranj, SI ...... 60 5. Conclusion ...... 61 5.1 Re-evaluation by City of Tuttlingen ...... 61 5.2 Extra Outlook: Smart cities and e-mobility user ...... 61

6. List of sources ...... 63

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 3 List of figures Figure 1: Elmoto HR2-EVo (front view), on 14/05/2018 retrieved from http://www.com/de/products/hr2-evo/12 Figure 2: Elmoto HR2-EVo (rear view), on 14/05/2018 retrieved from http://www.com/de/products/hr2-evo/ . 12 Figure 3: Ghost Hybrid square trekking b38 -al, on 14/05/2018 retrieved on http://www.ghost-bikes.com/e- bikes/lanes/bike/hyb-square-trekking-b38-al ...... 13 Figure 4: Ghost Andasol-wave b16 -al, on 14/05/2018 retrieved on https://www.ghost-bikes.com/e- bikes/lanes/bike/andasol-wave-b16-al/...... 13 Figure 5: E-bike charging station, Ina´s Kiosk, ...... 13 Figure 6: E-bikes boom in Germany, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on https://de.statista.com/ ...... 14 Figure 7: E-bike sales in different EU-countries in 2016, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on https://de.statista.com/ .. 14 Figure 8: Germany is Europe´s bike pioneer, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on https://de.statista.com/ ...... 15 Figure 9: Distribution of e-charging stations in Romanian on 31/10/2018 retrieved on http://masinaelectrica.ro/harta-statii-incarcare/ ...... 16 Figure 10: Distribution of e-charging stations Bucharest on 31/10/2018 retrieved on http://masinaelectrica.ro/harta-statii-incarcare/ ...... 17 Figure 11: The bicycle connections of the EuroVelo network on 18/12/2018 retrieved on http://www.eurovelo.com/en/ev-images/eurovelo-map/view ...... 19 Figure 12: Gorenjska region e-bike network in NATURE 2000 areas ...... 21 Figure 13: MAP of Recommended E-bike charging stations on Gorenjska regional e-bike network ...... 22 Figure 14: Solar charging station / design concept ...... 23 Figure 15: Rickshaw – the trike pedelec operates in Bohinj lake area ...... 24 Figure 16: Rickshaw – the trike pedelec next to Bohin lake area ...... 25 Figure 17: Promotional event EMW 2018 in Kranj, the trike pedelec presented to Minister of Infrastructure Alenka Bratušek ...... 25 Figure 18: promotional driving through old centre of Kranj (every Tuesday and Thursday in 01/maj – 30/June 2018) ...... 26 Figure 19: Promotional event EMW 2017, Rickshaw – ...... 26 Figure 20: the trike pedelec presented to the public...... 26 Figure 21: Handover of an e-car BMWi3 to the City of Tuttlingen in 2017 (Lord Mayor Michael Beck), source: picture, City of Tuttlingen ...... 27 Figure 22: E-bike charging stations, town hall, City of Tuttlingen, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen ...... 30 Figure 23: Involved project partner, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen ...... 32 Figure 24: Locations of the LENA-project partner (red points) and protected nature areas (green points), on 20/04/2018 retrieved on https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.088762681017 13%2C26.766213554147384&z=10 ...... 32 Figure 25: Left map: Germany with its countries. Right map: Country Baden-Württemberg, the administrative district and county Tuttlingen (dark red), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source:

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 4 http://www.weltkarte.com/europa/landkarten-und-stadtplaene-von-deutschland/landkarte-deutschland- politische-kartebundeslaender.htm and https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Tuttlingen ...... 33 Figure 26: Blue Map of the Landscape park Young Danube with its communes (Cities and villages from Donaueschingen, Tuttlingen to Sigmaringen along the Danube), on 1/06/2018 retrieved on source: https://landschaftspark-jungedonau.de/wp-content/uploads/Teilnehmer2015.jpg ...... 34 Figure 27: Core City of Tuttlingen, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen ...... 34 Figure 28: E-bike charging station (co-founded from EU-commission), location: Golem - summer lounge at the Danube, City of Tuttlingen, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen ...... 35 Figure 29: Road network (BG), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Autobahnen_in_Bulgarien#/media/File:Bulgarien_motorway_ne twork_de_version2012_numbers_correctio.svg ...... 37 Figure 30: Railway network (BG), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgarski_Darschawni_Schelesnizi#/media/File:Railway_map_of_Bulgaria.png. .. 37 Figure 31: Project partner position. PP1, Belene, BG; PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10 WWF, RO with Ciocanesti fish farm close to Calarasi, on 20/04/2018 retrieved on https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.088762681017 13%2C26.766213554147384&z=10 ...... 37 Figure 32: Zoom on the Landscape of PP1, Belene, BG, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/place/5930+Belene,+Bulgarien/@43.665525,25.1677162,12z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s 0x40ac185c43005823:0xfc883180ec5ab98a!8m2!3d43.6445087!4d25.1246359 ...... 38 Figure 33: Regional train map of the area PP1, Belene, BG, PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10, WWF, RO, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: Bulgarian train maps, source: http://www.xn--pnvkarte- m4a.de/#26.0806,43.8089,9 ...... 39 Figure 34: Zoom from the area PP1, Belene, BG till PP10, WWF, WO (Ciocanesti fish farm), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.openstreetmap.de/karte.html ...... 41 Figure 35: Road network, BG, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Autobahnen_in_Bulgarien#/media/File:Bulgarian_motorway_net work_de_version2012_numbers_correction.svg ...... 42 Figure 36: Railway network, BG, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgarski_Darschawni_Schelesnizi#/media/File:Railway_map_of_Bulgaria. png...... 42 Figure 37: Project partner position. PP1, Belene, BG; PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10, WWF, RO with Ciocanesti fish farm close to Calarasi, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.088762681017 13%2C26.766213554147384&z=10 ...... 42 Figure 38: Zoom area Ivanovo with sites for sightseeing´s, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/place/5930+Belene,+Bulgarien/@43.6939547,25.9417373,14105m/data=!3m1!1 e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x40ac185c43005823:0xfc883180ec5ab98a!8m2!3d43.6445087!4d25.1246359 and https://www.google.de/maps/place/7088+Iwanowo,+Bulgarien/@43.6848654,25.9532758,1763m/data=!3m1! 1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x40aef1b6e7597683:0x400a01269bf5710!8m2!3d43.6845558!4d25.9561771 ...... 43 Figure 39: Road system in Romania, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fensystem_in_Rum%C3%A4nien ...... 47

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 5 Figure 40: Zoom Ciocanesti, RO, and surroundings, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/search/Ciocanesti,+Bulgarien/@44.1179241,26.657802,9z ...... 48 Figure 41: Project partner position. PP1, Belene, BG; PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10, WWF, RO with Ciocanesti fish farm close to Calarasi, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.088762681017 13%2C26.766213554147384&z=10 ...... 48 Figure 42: Öko-tourism in the Ciocanesti fish farm, RO, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.rri.ro/de_de/oko_tourismus_in_der_fischfarm-2533372 ...... 49 Figure 43: Craftsmen and their work in Ciocănești area (photos by Corina Gheorghiu), RO ...... 49 Figure 44: Route 1 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4275305/ ...... 50 Figure 45: Route 2 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4285522/?created=1 ...... 50 Figure 46: Route 3 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4406860/ ...... 51 Figure 47: Route 4 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4275306/ ...... 51 Figure 48: Route 5 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4275301/#/z10/44.1679223,26.7166901/terrain ...... 52 Figure 49 : EuroVelo 6 – Atlantic–Black map from France to Romania ...... 53 Figure 50: Nationalpark Triglav, SI. Zoom form lake Bled and lake Bohinj, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/place/Nationalpark+Triglav/@46.3722385,13.8364493,11z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x 477a8a8aeb7a1eed:0xf00f81d513270f0!8m2!3d46.3341834!4d13.8286923 ...... 55 Figure 51: The eligible area of the interreg-VA-project along the Danube (BG/RO). Romania-seven counties: Mehedinti, Dolj, Olt, Teleorman, Giurgiu, Calarasi, Constanta; Bulgaria-eight districts: Vidin, Vratsa, Montana, , , Ruse, Silistra, Dobrich, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/programme/programme-general-data.html ...... 59 Figure 52: The Interreg-VA-project (BG, RO) has also an e-bike-network as task to bluid it along the Danube between BG and RO, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/e-bike-net.html ..... 60

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 6 List of tables Table 1: Main motives for choosing a bicycle destination ...... 19 Table 2 Duration of cycling holidays for German cyclists ( Trendscope 2008a )...... 20 Table 3: Accommodation ...... 20 Table 4: Consumption ...... 20 Table 5: Overview of important points of pedelecs or regular cycle ...... 31 Table 6: Belene areas: today and possible future cycle path network (including e-bike charging stations) between the locations ...... 40 Table 7: Ivanovo areas: today and possible future cycle path network (including e-bike charging station) between the locations ...... 45

List of abbreviations ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, registered in Zurich, Switzerland

BVerwG Bundesverwaltungsgericht = Federal Administrative Court, Leipzig, DE

BYD Built your dreams

Byton Bytes on Wheels

ZIV Two-wheeled industry association r.a. (Zweirad-Industrie-Verband e.V., DE)

Project partners PP1 Municipality Belene, Bulgaria (BG) PP2 Municipality Ivanovo, Bulgaria (BG) PP7 City of Tuttlingen, Germany (DE) PP10 WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme, Bucharest, Romania (RO) PP11 BSC Ltd., Regional Development Agency of Gorenjska, Kranj, Slovenia (SI)

Links E-charging station finder: https://e-tankstellen-finder.com/de/de

Chargemap: [email protected]

Plugsurfing.com: https://www.plugsurfing.com/de/

E-bike-news: https://ebike-news.de/

Editorial office VISION mobility: [email protected]

Zukunftsinstitut News: [email protected]

Interregrobg.eu http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/

Videos Rimac One (E-car, Croatia): https://youtu.be/eT7KKxoAvvk

Tesla Vision: https://vimeo.com/37028711

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 7 1. Introduction

1.1 Description of project The main objective of the E-Mobility Network pilot action of work package 4 1 is to strengthen human and social capital in protected areas in the Danube region. Human capital is strengthened by e-mobility-managers and social capital by providing green mobility options like e-bikes and its infrastructure with charging stations. Part of this work package is to develop this e-mobility strategy with City of Tuttlingen who is leading the work package and responsible to develop the e-mobility strategy and the project partners 2 of the e-mobility component.

Work package 4 includes also learning interactions and e-mobility training sessions between the project partners. Each participating project partner has appointed a local e-manager. The appointed e-managers are the "multipliers" who should carry the EU-wide trend towards the use of e-bikes into their region and further develop green mobility for the local population (stakeholders) and tourism. For the e-managers common curricula for training are developed. The training of the e-mobility-managers will consist of identifying the different approaches and similarities of e-managers in the different pilot countries and developing common strategies on how to improve e-mobility in the Danube region.

1.2 Purpose and content of this document The e-mobility strategy will consider the needs and circumstances of each region. There will be a general part of e-mobility and a more specific part of the evaluation of different regions regarding the needs and possibilities for e-mobility. The strategy will differentiate between regions, where there already are offers of e-mobility and regions where there is no e-mobility. In both cases recommendations are given how to optimize e-mobility infrastructure and popularity and how to connect the different regions/networks in the long run. The e-Mobility strategy should be a document which can be used by the target groups of the different countries and ensure durability even after the project is finished.

Implementation and exchange of ideas The project partner will develop together with City of Tuttlingen the e-mobility strategy on the implementation and exchange of ideas with other regions (especially of the involved LENA-project partner 3) and the output will contribute in particular to the specific objective: “Develop tools for sustainable resource use in protected areas”.

Target groups Each project partner should create a separate list of relevant target groups from their own region and publish the list on the internet . This list contains at least one representative of the local communes involved, one

1 In the LENA Application Form (proved) you can read on pages 57ff at the title WP 4 = Human Capital Actions, Output 4.3, Output Title “…E-mobility strategy” the needs and necessaries of the e-mobility strategy 2 PP1, Belene, Bulgaria; PP2, Ivanovo, Bulgaria; PP7, City of Tuttlingen, Germany; PP10, WWF, Romania, [Ciocanesti fish farm] and PP11,: BSC Kranj, Slovenia. 3 The other LENA partner are PP3, Vukovar-Srijem County, Croatia; PP4, West Pannon Regional and Economic Development Public Nonprofit Ltd., Hungary; PP5, World Wide Fund (WWF) for Nature ,Hungary; PP6, Donaubüro gemeinnützige GmbH Ulm, Germany; PP8, Comana, Romania; PP9, Giurgiu, Romania; IPA PP1, GMO FREE Danube Soya, Serbia; ASP1, Danubeparks – Danube River Network of Protected Areas, Austria; ASP2, Provincial Secretariat for Urban Planning, Construction and Environmental Protection Vojvodina, Serbia; ASP3 Association of Hungarian Nature Parks, Hungary and ASP4 Centre for Regional Studies, a non-governmental & non-profit organisation, Ukraine

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 8 representative of the local authority of transport and of groups and organisations, institutions managing protected areas, SME´s and family businesses in nature, based economy, tourists, who are developing mobility in the region. Each project partner should update its list at least annually and publish it on the internet.

Role of each partner City of Tuttlingen, Germany has developed the curricula for the “E-manager training and material”, with inputs from the other participating project partners Belene and Ivanovo from Bulgaria and WWF Romania (Ciocanesti fish farm) and BSC Kranj from Slovenia.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 9 2. General

2.1 Overview e-mobility-market

2.1.1 Europe in general

The e-mobility businesses in Norway, the Netherlands and increasingly the EU countries France, Austria and Germany, are picking up speed. Meanwhile, the governments of the major industrialized nations and the automobile companies, energy companies and other stakeholders are recognizing that pollution levels in the cities and other central mobility hubs are too high and that customers are increasingly refraining from buying combustion vehicles (especially diesel vehicles). The ratified climate protection agreement (COP21, Paris) leads to the aversion of fossil fuels and large fossil power plants (lignite, hard coal, oil and gas power plants etc.). In the renewable leading EU countries (for example, Norway, Denmark, the Benelux countries, Austria and Germany) this progress has already begun. The shift to renewable energies based on flexible, decentralized generation structures cannot be stopped or even reversed. The investments in renewable energy generation plants (photovoltaic, wind or other plants) have become affordable and the indicator "production costs per Ct/kWh" has become competitive.

The German energy transition (electricity, gas, heat and traffic) Politics and the energy industry are part of the German energy transition. First it mainly affected the electricity, gas and oil sector for heating, however now has also reached the transportation sector. Such aspirations can also be found in other EU countries.

Digitalisation & decarbonisation & decentralization (D³) Digitalisation is a kind of "silent revolution" in industry and thereby too in the energy transition. It is also used to promote decarbonisation, away from large generation plants to decentralized generation plants via so-called "virtual swarm power plants". A triple desired effect "D³" is achieved.

Political decisions related to e-mobility So, the demand of (potential) customers seems to be right for companies or e-mobility supporting states in their political and entrepreneurial focus on e-mobility . Norway promotes the acquisition of new electric vehicles through various measures (reduction of VAT, promotion of intensive charging infrastructure development, punishment of combustion vehicles when using bus / public transport lanes, driving bans in contaminated center of cities, etc. as well in Slovenia). And, Slovenia promotes e-mobility by giving the highest subvention for the purchase of e-vehicle in Europe, 7500 EUR per e-vehicle. It gives subventions for retrofitting conventional cars. It has no tax on emissions. E-charging is for free, except on the highways. The e-charging station network is spread beyond EU directive on number of E-CS vs number of cars. Parking lots for e-vehicles are for free.

The governments of France and Great Britain want to prohibit combustion vehicles by 2040. Finland wants to get out of coal-fired power plants by 2029 at the latest.

The government of China has decided beginning of 2019 10% of vehicle registrations have to be electric vehicles. From 2020 the value will increase to 12% and from 2025 to 25%. India has also taken appropriate decisions in favor of electric vehicles.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 10 The German Federal Government has decided on various subsidy programs to promote e-mobility. One of them is the e-car charging station infrastructure with 300 million euro and another is the "Environmental Bonus" funding program (3,000/4,000 euro for new purchases of an electric vehicle).

Alarmed by the visionary e-mobility ideas of Elon Musk the automotive industry is now ready to invest heavily in e-mobility. Elon Musk, an entrepreneur and investor from California, USA, founded the company Tesla in 2003. From 2008, the development of the e-mobility market in Europe accelerated as a result of the market entry of the e-car "Tesla Roadster" and through the market entry into the e-mobility infrastructure for e-car-charging stations. Tesla has in Europe and especially in Germany several point of sales, e.g. in in the country Baden-Württemberg, DE. Tesla offers also equipements like power storage systems and started in 2018 a battery cell production factory in California, USA.

Chinese carmakers, e.g. Byton, are preparing to enter the market with their own e-cars. Byton is an e-car brand of the Chinese company Future Mobility Corporation (FMC) headquartered in Nanjing, China. E-cars are to be produced under the brand name. The Byton brand was launched in September 2017.

2.1.2 Germany

BVerwG In February 2018, the BVerwG passed a landmark judgment on municipal driving bans on diesel vehicles by declaring municipal driving bans for diesel vehicles admissible. The traffic turnaround in Germany will continue to increase. However, this is not just about the banishment of diesel vehicles from center of cities. Switching from municipal fleets to e-mobility, the provision of car-sharing services, the electrification of public transport and the development of charging infrastructure are just some of the measures that can be taken. Supported by attractive funding programs (such as the EU, federal or state governments), many municipalities are already developing their own e-mobility concepts and working towards a cleaner future.

E-cars On the German e-car markets, newcomers such as E.Go life or Street Scooter have economic success among potential buyers. From May 2018, the city car E.Go.life can be ordered in the basic version from 15.900 euros. Another success story of German engineering is the development and marketable launch of the Street scooter, originally as a spin-off of Günter Schuh, head of production technology at the leading University RWTH, Aachen, DE. The Deutsche Post DHL Group had originally requested or tendered an e-light truck on the traditional car markets or at the automobile companies in order to carry out the inner-city parcel and parcel deliveries and at the same time to reduce the environmental impact of the previous use of combustion vehicles and thus reduce the CO ² emissions. Improve balance sheet. These were the corporate goals of the Deutsche Post DHL Group. Ultimately, Deutsche Post DHL, in cooperation with the University RWTH, Aachen, jointly developed the street scooter and made it ready for the market. Today, a new subsidiary has emerged from it. Street Scooter GmbH sells its street scooters on the car markets. A few years ago, the German government decided that by 2020, one million electric vehicles should be registered for German road traffic. In order to accelerate this political goal, an environmental bonus funding program was adopted in 2016.

In 2017, the funding guidelines The German Federal Government and the German automotive industry have been making joint efforts for some years to gain a better foothold in the trend topic "e-mobility market" and, above all, to achieve significant progress in e-mobility infrastructure. Since 2017, there is a funding directive for e-charging infrastructure for e- vehicles like the above mentioned 300 million euro funding.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 11

The difference between e-bikes and pedelecs Although electric bikes and pedelecs are thrown together when it comes to promoting e-bikes, the differences between the products are wide-ranging. It is important to note differences when thinking about buying a bicycle with an electronic device. Although all types of e-bicycles in Germany count as light electric vehicles, but while you have to pedal on a pedelecs, so that the engine can develop its power, this is not necessary for an e-bike. Similar to normal vehicle types, there are of course also the motorized solutions for every purpose: From touring bikes to urban e-bikes and electric folding bikes to trekking pedelecs, the offer that you can get from a well-stocked dealer such as Elektrofahrrad-Einfach.de is just what you need. However, before we describe the mode of operation and technology hidden behind the electronic bicycle drives, we would like to explain the differences between the different types of drive and bicycle. This is intended to simplify your decision and give you some clues as to what to look for when buying a pedelec or an e-bike. 4

What is an e-bike? An e-bike is either a light moped or a moped depending on the km / h limit. In contrast to the later described pedelecs, e-bikes are characterized by the fact that no pedal force is necessary for locomotion. It is therefore by definition, without stepping into the pedals, an electric bicycle with auxiliary drive. Usually, the speed is regulated by means of a throttle grip on the handlebars. This is also the reason why e-bikes do not necessarily need pedals. Without pedal drive one speaks of an electric bicycle. These work like a scooter, and therefore are referred to as e-scooter that do not need any impulse by pedal force.

Figure 1: Elmoto HR2-EVo (front view), on 14/05/2018 Figure 2: Elmoto HR2-EVo (rear view), on 14/05/2018 retrieved from http://www.com/de/products/hr2-evo/ retrieved from http://www.com/de/products/hr2-evo /

What is a pedelec? Pedelecs can be differentiated into normal pedelecs and s-pedelecs. It is common to all of them that that they have electronic assistance. PedEleC stands for " Ped al Ele ctric Cycle". For pedelecs, the electric support for the movement is always created by pedaling. About 95% of the electric bicycles sold in Germany are pedelecs.

4 Cf. https://www.elektrofahrrad-einfach.de/content/unterschied-zwischen-e-bikes-und-pedelecs.html#was-ist-ein- pedelec , on 17/04/2018 retrieved

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 12 -

Figure 3: Ghost Hybrid square trekking b38 -al, on Figure 4: Ghost Andasol-wave b16 -al, on 14/05/2018 14/05/2018 retrieved on http://www.ghost-bikes.com/e- retrieved on https://www.ghost-bikes.com/e- bikes/lanes/bike/hyb-square-trekking-b38-al bikes/lanes/bike/andasol-wave-b16-al /

The engine power of a pedelec goes from 250 till 500 watts and the electrical support may reach a maximum of 25 km / h. In addition, the degree of support can usually be adjusted in a pedelec. Several levels are usually selectable here and are dependent on the pedal force or the cadence. The electronics in the pedelec amplify the pedaling force of the rider, enabling longer ranges with the same physical effort as a normal bike. The physical strain is reduced by the support, which is by larger distances can be covered in a shorter time. Since the maximum support of pedelecs is usually 25 km / h, pedelecs do not require a helmet, nor is a driver's license necessary. Due to the higher speeds, however, as with a normal bicycle, a helmet is highly recommended and should always be worn on a pedelec!

E-bikes now account for almost 20 % of the total bicycle market (Stand: 15.03.2018) The success story of the e-bike continued last year, as the industry association ZIV reported its latest market overview. Accordingly, 720,000 e-bikes were sold in Germany in 2017, an increase of 19 % compared to the previous year . About 70 % of the e-bikes have an engine from the company Bosch, Germany. As a result, the market share of e-bikes in the overall bicycle market also rose to 19 %, according to ZIV. According to the Association, the electrified bicycles meanwhile have a high economic importance for the bicycle industry, which will increase in the future: In the medium term, the ZIV expect an annual share of the e-bike in the overall bicycle market of 23-25 %, in the long term even up to 35 %.

99 % pedelecs Approximately 99 % of all e-bikes sold are pedelecs with a rated continuous output of the engine up to maximal 250 watts and a maximum speed of up to 25 km / h. The remaining 1 % of all sales is e-bikes 45, with a maximum speed of up to 45 km / h and therefore need a compulsory insurance. According to ZIV, the e-bike sales are divided into the following model groups: • 38.5 % E-City / Urban • 35.5 % E-trekking • 21.5 % E-MTB • 3 % E-cargo bikes

• 1 % fast E-bikes • 0.5 % other 5 Figure 5: E-bike charging station, Ina´s Kiosk, Immendingen

5 Cf. https://www.emobilitaetonline.de/news/produkte-und-dienstleistungen/4482-e-bikes-absatz-2017#null , on 17/04/2018 retrieved

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Figure 6: E-bikes boom in Germany, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on https://de.statista.com/

Figure 7: E-bike sales in different EU-countries in 2016, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on https://de.statista.com/

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Figure 8: Germany is Europe´s bike pioneer, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on https://de.statista.com/

2.1.3 Bulgaria

At present, the electric mobility is not part of the Bulgarian everyday life, but it is definitely gaining momentum. Bulgaria has its experience in this field and a large number of companies producing different components, assemblies and electronics products for the automotive industry, and in particular for electric vehicles involved in the sector. A number of sub-sectors such as the production of electric motors and electronics, electrical engineering, mechatronics, battery production, metalworking industry are ready to meet the needs of the e- mobility industry and become active participants in its future development. Moreover, the well- developed ICT sector and the large number of highly qualified IT specialists are of utmost importance to cope with the new challenges - according to the latest data there are 942 ICT companies with over 26 000 employees operating in Bulgaria. In addition, the country has a relatively low electricity costs, a well-developed energy infrastructure and distribution network. Bulgaria enjoys a favorable geographic location and has a manufacturing base and tradition of electric and forklift trucks production. In response to the need to create an appropriate business environment for the development of electric mobility in Bulgaria, in 2009 was set up an Electric Vehicle Industrial Cluster "Electromobiles" (EVIC), which since March 2014, has the status of a National Branch Organization with more than 70 members, working with over 60 partners in the country and abroad. Since June 2017, Bulgaria has its first interurban main road with full charging coverage for electric vehicles. The road from to Kulata, the busiest route to Greece, is secured with 3 charging stations. A new rapid charging station in Sandanski has been opened as this is the second station on the route after the one in Blagoevgrad. The third location is on the main road E79, at the parking lot of “Seas Cars – Sandanski”. The infrastructure was built by eMobility International through its integrated Eldrive platform. The company aims to develop the e- mobility on the Balkan Peninsula by building a network of rapid charging stations (DC) and standard stations (AC) in urban environment and along the major main roads of Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Greece and Albania. In partnership with ABB, Bulgaria’s largest electric vehicle (EV) company, by the end of 2018, eMobility International plans to build charging stations along other major interurban arteries in the country. At present, Eldrive’s charging points for electric vehicles are 32, of which 8 are rapid-charging. The stations are located in Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Blagoevgrad, Albena and Damianitsa. The sales of electric vehicles in Bulgaria are increasing year-on-year. As a result, electrical mobility sector has a shortage of specialists, which necessitates strengthening and expanding the training through the opening of

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 15 new specialties in schools. That is why government activities are currently focused on two areas: creating a legal basis for electrical mobility and ensuring the availability of sufficient number qualified staff. The institutions responsible for the development and promotion of a low carbon economy and sustainable development in the Republic of Bulgaria are the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Environment and Waters. As a result, in 2017 several higher education institutions opened specialties related to e-mobility and green energies. In October 2017, by order of the Minister of Economy and Energy Dragomir Stoynev, a procedure was opened for the establishment of an interdepartmental working group with the task of developing a National Program for Electric Mobility - Bulgaria 2025. 6

2.1.4 Romania

Although there is a long way to achieving EU targets regarding e-mobility, steps have been made also in Romania. About € 2.3 billion are available for sustainable mobility through 2014-2020 Regional Operational Programme (Axis 3 and 4). Only part of this money will go to electric cars and power stations, while a good part of the money will go for other forms of electric transportation: trams, trolleybuses, buses, railways and metro. Ministry of Environment funded the installation of electrical charging stations and this programme will continue in the future. The first public e-charging network in Romania started to function in March 2019. The network currently has 61 load points in over 30 locations, thus ensuring electrical mobility in major cities and along pan-European corridors crossing our country. For example, to charge, from 0 to 100%, a BMW i3 or a Volkswagen e-Golf at 50 kW will cost about 70 Lei, the equivalent of 15 euro (with a Start subscription) and it will take about 45 minutes and you will be able to travel between 130 and 230 km, depending on the configuration of the road and weather conditions. A number of retailers in Romania (Dedeman, Mega Image, Lidl) joined the e-mobility objective/trend and have installed free e-charging stations for their customers and also a number of fuel manufacturers (Rompetrol, Socar) have now e-charging stations. The maps below are showing the distribution of e-charging station in Romania and Bucharest.

Figure 9: Distribution of e-charging stations in Romanian on 31/10/2018 retrieved on http://masinaelectrica.ro/harta-statii-incarcare/

6 E-manager Ivan Ivanov form project partner Ivanovo, BG informs about e-mobility development in Bulgaria

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Figure 10: Distribution of e-charging stations Bucharest on 31/10/2018 retrieved on http://masinaelectrica.ro/harta-statii-incarcare/

On the other hand, a study made by CEZ Romania7 reviled that ”one in two Romanians would opt for a less polluting means of mobility, such as a hybrid cars (3 out of 10) or electric (2 out of 10), if the infrastructure were sufficiently developed and the purchase cost would be affordable. Almost 5 out of 10 respondents said they did not know how extensive the free electric car charging station network is, and more than 6 out of 10 think that Romanian cities are not ready for electric mobility”. The same study also shows that the car is preferred by most of the Romanians (6 out of 10 respondents) for urban transportation, while the bicycle is preferred only by 2 out of 10 Romanians. A program to be taken into consideration is the Ministry of Environment’s “Rabla Plus Electric Cars”8, a program that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in transport by promoting energy-efficient road transport vehicles. Regarding the bicycle infrastructure, the main cities in Romania have created bicycle tracks within the cities (Bucharest has 65 km of bicycle tracks, Timisoara 50 km, Sibiu more than 50 km) or between cities in Romania (like the tracks between Târgu Mureș and Reghin) or with neighbouring countries (like Berretyoujfalu in Hungary and Oradea in Romania or 2 Mai in Romania and Shabla in Bulgaria). Besides all this the bicycle, as means of transportation, is still more frequently used in rural areas but there are no bicycle tracks and local road infrastructure is shared between cars and bicycles as well. E-bicycles are still a novelty in Romania; one can say that electric cars are more popular than e-bicycles but the actual number for both means of transportation is small/ reduced compared with other EU countries.

7 http://stiintasitehnica.com/studiu-unul-din-doi-romani-ar-prefera-masina-eco-dar-pretul-si-infrastructura-sunt- descurajante/ 8 https://www.afm.ro/vehicule_electrice.php

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 17 2.1.5 Slovenia

2.1.5.1 E-bike infrastructure network proposal / GORENJSKA REGION e-BIKE NETWORK (GReBN)

Introduction The proposal for the E-bike infrastructure network involves the selection of panoramic cycling trails with an associated E-bike charging stations network. They were chosen by the possibilities for the development of panoramic paths in the nature, which are carried out in or near the Nature 2000 sites links by the natural sites and places to buy local products and tourist attractions. The proposal also contains a logistical and organizational implementation framework that defines all support organizations that are crucial for the establishment and operation of the E-bike network infrastructure and their role.

Target groups The definition of target groups relevant to the selection of bicycle connections as the basis for the establishment of an infrastructure network is based on analysis carried out by the ECF (European Cyclists Federation) and other cycling associations. By setting the target groups, the selection of local products and attractions in the selected bicycle network routes is associated.

Study of the EUROVELO bicycle network* * https://ecf.com/sites/ecf.com/files/EP%20study%20on%20EuroVelo%20network.pdf

The study was commissioned by the Committee of the European Parliament for Transport and Tourism, a group of authors from the Institute of Transport and Tourism, the University of Central Lancashire, the United Kingdom and the Center for Sustainable Transport and Tourism, NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands. For the analysis, the bicycle connections of the EuroVelo network (figure 1)

EuroVELO user profile The general profile is based on an analysis of 8 market analyzes from 5 countries (ETI, 2007; Fietsplatform, 2009a, 2009b; Ickert et al, 2005; MANOVA, 2007; Mercat, 2009; Öhlschläger, 2007; Trendscope, 2010) - average age: 45-55 years; - sex: 60% of men, 40% of women; - level of education: secondary school 45%, higher or higher education 49%; other (doctorate, school) 6% - structure of the travel group: 20% autonomously, 50% in pairs, 20% in small groups of 3-5 persons; - Family income: 24,000.00 -36,000 € per year (Trendscope, 2010).

The socio-economic characteristics of cycling tourists in many studies are often similar (high level of education and income, middle-aged, traveling in pairs without children).

These are travelers independent of the region or route, indicating that cycling destinations should direct their marketing towards the general requirements of a tourist-cyclist (the starting point of the ADFC). It is therefore important to develop a quality supply and infrastructure on bicycle connections at all levels - both regionally and locally. Cultural and natural sights on the way are less important.Gorenjska region e-bike network

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Figure 11: The bicycle connections of the EuroVelo network on 18/12/2018 retrieved on http://www.eurovelo.com/en/ev- images/eurovelo-map/view

Research Europäische Öhlschläger, MANOVA, Mint el, Reiseversicherung AG 2007 2007 2003 & DZT 2008 in BMWi, 2009 Type of tourist cyclist Germany, all types of Cycle route Lower Austria / All EU cyclists Prignitz / all all kinds of nationalities kinds of cyclists cyclists cyclists Nature / landscape 87% 91% 47% 31% Sports / Health 83% 60% 47% 29 -40% Enter tainment / enjoyment 69% - 75% - Relaxation / leisure 69% 66% 37% 57% Socializing with friends, 57% 24% - 18% relatives Cultural and natural sights 28% 52% 9% 2% Table 1: Main motives for choosing a bicycle destination

Duration of days Percentage%

2 – 4 days 30 5 – 7 days 30

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 19 8 – 14 days 32 15 and more 8 total 100 Table 2 Duration of cycling holidays for German cyclists ( Trendscope 2008a )

Type of accommodation Average use Lower and upper Notes - deviations average use Hotel *** - **** 40% 30 -60% German cyclists i: 22% Hotel **, guest house, rural 45% 30 -60% Veloland Switzerland : 15%; tourism Route 6, France: 9% Camping 15% 10 -20% LF -Routes: 36%; Route 6, France: 41%; Danmark: 38% Youth Hostel 7% 5-13% Danube, Lower Austria : 1% Private rooms, relatives, 11% 2-27% Deviation too big friends Other 15% 5-15% Greman cyclists : 31% Table 3: Accommodation

Cycling route Country Research Long term One day Survey author cycling / Daily cyclcling / daily use use Danube CR Passau -Vienna AT 2010 73,00 25,00 ARGE Germany D 2007 64,60 16,00 BMWi, 2009 Germany D 2010 53,23 18,61 Trendscope, 2010 Bourgogne F 2009 68,00 12,50 Bourgogne Tourisme, 2010 Netherlands NL 2008 71,00 6,18 Fietsplatform, 2009a, 2009b C2C route, Hadrian's UK 2006 53,00 15,50 Downward & Cycleway, Pennine Sustrans, 2007 Everage use (NOTE 1) 57.08 15.39 Table 4: Consumption

NOTE 1: An EuroVelo research (figure 4) contains data from 25 surveys for the 2003-2011 period on various Euroway routes. We have selected some typical ones. The final "average value" is the result of all quantities of the expanded table.

EuroVELO Summary The main reason for choosing the location for cycling holidays is nature / landscape (89%), the duration of cycling is from 2 to 14 days (equivalent to 30%), most used accomodation are hotels 3 *** or 4 **** (40%), consumoption is about 57.00 EUR / day /cyclists.

Gorenjska region E-bike network planning On above presented results of EuroVELO research we defined the bicycle trails that covers around 2500 km2 large area and are 400 km long. They fully satisfy the target group of cycling tourist ( see: EuroVELO summary, page 20) and touch or go through Nature 2000 areas (figure 5)

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Figure 12: Gorenjska region e-bike network in NATURE 2000 areas

Eighteen Gorenjska municipalities and six municipalities outside the area (Central Slovenia, Goriška region ) joined the project 'The Gorenjska Cycling Network (figure 6) '. At the moment, the regional signposting project is being prepared in accordance with the national regulations, also the collection of points of interest (POI) like tourism, cultural and historical points along the network are in process. A uniformed cartographic map and web page with app is also prepared. They planned to be finished in next year. The entire project is financed from the budgets of the municipalities and the Ministry of Infrastructure of the Republic of Slovenia. The interviews and collected documentation were prepared with the preparation of the GCN upgrade project, which takes into account the location of charging stations for e-bikes (connection to the electricity network and solar cells – figure 7 ), the purchase of bicycles in individual tourist centres, the introduction of the certificate 'cyclist-friendly provider' and the training of providers.

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Figure 13: MAP of Recommended E-bike charging stations on Gorenjska regional e-bike network

Recommended locations has been chosen according to the importance. Like cities of Kranjska Gora, Tržič, Kamnik, Cerkno, Gorenja vas and Žiri has great potential to mountain e-biking. Bled, Bohinj, and Kranj are the regional touristic and economic center also with big potential for e-biking.

Differences The Gorenjska region e-bike network is an upgrade of the comprehensive approach to regulating the cycling network as the basis for the development of tourism in the region. Its advance is that all regional as well as the neighbouring municipalities have joined to the implementation. By this way the project has the potential for expansion across Slovenia. Indeed, intensive coordination is already underway at the national and regional level, so that in Slovenia, the planning and implementation of cycling infrastructure is approaching from top to bottom and vice versa upwards.

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Figure 14: Solar charging station / design concept

Rickshaw – the trike pedelec

Introduction Pilot activity of Rickshaw – the trike pedelec is carried out as part of the LENA project "Local Economy and Nature Conservation in the Danube Region (Ref. DTP1-1-189-2.2)". LENA is a project co-financed by the Interreg Danube program and is financed from the European Regional Development Fund, in which BSC, a business support center, Kranj, Gorenjska Destination development agency cooperates as a project partner.

The main objective of the LENA project is to strengthen common and integrated approaches and policies for the conservation and sustainable use of protected areas, in particular Natura 2000 sites, along the Danube and its tributaries. The project creates new opportunities for earnings based on economic activities related to nature and upgrades the positive impacts of activities across the region. Areas of preserved nature are an opportunity for the development of tourism and related activities.

Managers The owner of Rickshaw – the trike pedelec is BSC, a business support center, Kranj, Gorenjska Destination agency which with the project manager, Studio OREH d.o.o., Kranj and contract partners, performs pilot

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 23 activities related to the tourist offer in Natura 2000 sites in Gorenjska (Bohinj, Kranj - Brdo and Bobovek, Kranj - Škofja Loka forest. The pilot activity will last until May 1, 2019. The use of Rickshaw – the trike pedelec is in the time of pilot operation free for users.

Pilot operation 1 01/07 – 31/08/2017 and 01/07 – 31/08/2018 Nature 2000 region: Bohinj beneficiary: TOURISM BOHINJ

Operating time: Rickshaw – the trike pedelec was driving for two months in both periods, July and August, on the ground from 11:00 to 20:00 a day and she made about 900 hours effective use. Relationships: The circus is mainly around the swimming-pool Pri Kramarju, occasionally to Stara Fužina (INFO point), and several times to the PAC hostel (located along the coast at the half of the lake). Often, people needed transportation to shops, banks or post offices located in Ribčev Laz. At the time of the crowd, the most useful connection was the Labore car park via the Kramar bath (700 m), then served as a transfer from the parking lot to the swimming pool (especially suitable for families especially for small children). Number of passengers: Every day, it was ride a cca. 50 people, this number was highly dependent on weather and road conditions. Final opinion: Rickshaw – the trike pedelec has proven to be an excellent tourist destination for Bohinj, as it promotes eco- friendly mobility, and also serves as a mobile information point. Guests as hosts welcomed it positively.

Figure 15: Rickshaw – the trike pedelec operates in Bohinj lake area

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Figure 16: Rickshaw – the trike pedelec next to Bohin lake area

Pilot operation 2 01/09 – 31/10/2017 and 01/04/ - 30/06/ plus 01/09 – 30/10/2018 / Nature 2000 region: Kranj - Natura 2000 sites Beneficiary: Institute for Tourism and Culture Kranj

Rickshaw – the trike pedelec will be, after a pre - registration, driving guests to Brdo - Bobovek and Srednje Bitnje - Crngrob - Škofja Loka, which are part of the Natura 2000 sites. According to experience in Bohinj, in agreement with project managers, it will also be used as a promotional tool for promoting sustainable mobility and informing citizens of the Municipality of Kranj about measures in this field. Vehicles will be on similar routes as KRANVAJ, but only in the context of various promotional events. This activity is the result of good cooperation of the Municipality of Kranj with the BSC, a business support center, Kranj, Gorenjska Destination development agency.

Figure 17: Promotional event EMW 2018 in Kranj, the trike pedelec presented to Minister of Infrastructure Alenka Bratušek

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Figure 18: promotional driving through old centre of Kranj (every Tuesday and Thursday in 01/maj – 30/June 2018)

Figure 19: Promotional event EMW 2017, Rickshaw –

Figure 20: the trike pedelec presented to the public

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 26 2.2 E-mobility technology E-Mobility is mixing up the market New technologies jumble up the mobility market - creating new access for adjacent industries. The energy concept of the future is inconceivable without electric mobility .

Figure 21: Handover of an e-car BMWi3 to the City of Tuttlingen in 2017 (Lord Mayor Michael Beck), source: picture, City of Tuttlingen

Electric cars are the beginning of a new way of using energy in conjunction with mobility 9. Regeneratively powered, e-mobility will be a central component of a smart and resource-efficient urban lifestyle. This will make e-mobility a lucrative growth market in the coming years, in which more and more companies outside the automotive industry are participating. On the other hand, the expansion of renewable energies requires intelligent network management via additional flexible storage. The accumulators of electric vehicles are ideal for this: "Vehicle-to-Grid" is the magic formula of the future, which makes cars into a kind of “energy stores and its owner as an energy dealer”. Electric vehicles thus become Cross Innovations - innovations that overcome old industry boundaries. Central interface design and cooperation between different industries are becoming key success factors. Central structures give the way free and the decentralization of the market will continue. What does it mean for the providers in the mobility markets, if in the future, for example, energy consumers also become producers, as is clearly foreseeable? It seems clear that providers of mobility infrastructures based on fossil fuels are facing enormous challenges.

Competition determines the mobility industry The providers of classic mobility (automakers, railways, public transport and airlines) will feel a changed self- image in dealing with mobility. In the future, road users will demand more consistency, less adjustment constraints and a clearer design, which will make it easier for them to use different modes of transport. Numerous services will be developed around connected driving and the provision and use of intelligent charging infrastructures for electro mobility and billing models. New players will emerge on the market, who will establish themselves on the market with innovative ideas. The beginning of the era of e-mobility is heavily influenced by the trend of competition. Big and small companies are increasingly entering into a cooperation competition in order to jointly promote sustainable concepts, innovative technologies and green business models, while at the same time benefiting from them. Interface design and joint projects between companies in different sectors are key success factors in the changing mobility market. If e-mobility is to be established nationwide, a uniform usage structure will be

9 By the way: the idea of e-cars started in 1881 with a Trouvé tricycle in Paris

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 27 unavoidable. Partnerships between car manufacturers and other mobility brands are becoming the norm, because that is the only way to standardize offers, interfaces and operations. 10

Model offensive Well-known automotive groups have informed in a press release and in journals that in the upcoming years for every model family at least on electro model will be introduced to the product portfolio and offered on the car markets.

Battery load /battery storage The main production of batteries for e-cars and e-bikes is currently in Asia. China is aggressively upgrading its battery production; a leading role with stately support plays the company BYD. But the competition for the best battery production sites in the EU has also begun, however China is still a strong competitor. Who wins in the future is completely open.

E-cars Currently, there are electric vehicles such as Renault ZOE, E-Smart, BMWi3, VW e-up or Opel Impera e, Nissan Leaf, Toyota (with quite some models ...) with electric motor drive. However, these electric vehicles have batteries with a charging capacity for distances between 150 till 250 km. For longer trips there is not enough battery capacity and the current charging infrastructure in Germany but also other EU countries are not yet developed sufficiently enough. Of course, this fact inhibits motorists to switch to e-cars faster. There are might be 2 problems: 1. There isn't an EU directive motivating each of the countries to form national informational platforms that are constantly refreshed. The national level of the countries does not see this as a problem. 2. Than one has multiple maps with different informations and even though in some areas there are many e-charging stations they are not mapped in an “open info-platforms” giving the idea that e-charging infrastructure is underdeveloped.

Charging infrastructure The charging infrastructure for electric vehicles has been and will be intensified. In Baden-Württemberg e.g. all motorway rest stops "Tank und Rast" have been equipped with Fast e-Car charging stations (DC stations> 50 kW / charging point). The charging infrastructure support program of the Federal Ministry of Transport (300 million euros) is also used increasingly by municipalities and even large discounters such as Aldi, Lidl install all over Europe, wherever they have stores or Kaufland or also Spar are gradually equipping their supermarkets with charging infrastructure.

E-car charging station in City of Tuttlingen The City of Tuttlingen submitted a funding application in March 2017 for 3 e-car-charging stations with 6 charging points (charging power 22 kW / charging point) and 6 household sockets and in September 2017 the funding commitment amounting to about 1/3 of the investment was received. As of November 2017, two e car charging stations went into operation. The third e car charging station will go into operation in the second quarter of 2018. The district Office Tuttlingen has also been granted a grant application for 4 e-car charging stations through this funding program and the e-car charging stations are also in operation.

E-bike-charging stations „The number of e-bikers is currently escalated and the electric bike boom is continuing. The reasons are varied but plausible. Riding an e-bike:

10 Cf. https://www.zukunftsinstitut.de/artikel/e-mobility-mischt-den-markt-auf/ , on 17/04/2018 retrieved.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 28 • is healthy and environmentally friendly • gets the cars off the streets in metropolitan areas and relaxes the traffic situation • is a highly welcome extension of the offer in tourist regions.

Of course, e-bikes must also be loaded. This happens either in the evening in the garage of the residential complex, at guesthouses and hotels, at the wheel-parking of public facilities - in short: wherever the e-biker lingers. However, there are some challenges: • The chargers are heavy and unwieldy • Normal sockets must not be used by the manufacturer for outdoor charging • Chargers lying on the floor are not protected against theft and form a permanent trip hazard with the associated liability problems • With the new e-bike generation have often the battery installed in the frame and cannot be removed • E-bikes from different manufacturers have non-standard plugs and charging systems

Bike-energy- Europe's largest manufacturer of intelligent charging stations and project development for professional charging infrastructure in tourism and municipalities provides the solution: • The heavy home charger can stay at home - only a thin cable is traveling with you • The charging station's intelligent electronics detect the appropriate battery types and automatically provide the correct current and voltage. • A charging station can be used to charge a wide variety of e-bike brands and even cars, whatever the weather.11

E-bike-charging stations as local infrastructure The infrastructure development of the e-charging stations should entail very low requirement of maintenance costs and has to be organized either by the communities or private enterprises. The revenues of the network will go into the gastronomy, the hotels and retail in the region through raising numbers of tourists. The e-manager develops new e-mobility alternatives such as e-boats or e-busses to further diversify the e- mobility offer.

Ecological mobility network pilot action The activity comprises of developing an e-manager-network in DE (Landscape park Young Danube = LPYD and transferring the experience to other regions. The goal is to create a transnational network with the e-mobility project partner from BG, RO and SI.

In Germany the e-manager´s main task is to implement the network of e-bike infrastructure in form of Danube e-Stations. In the Landscape park Young Danube are obviously enough “Nature routes” developed and therefore no need to develop Nature routes.

In the specific regions of BG, RO and SI and DE have been e-stations installed. 10 e-bike-charging stations are installed in the Landscape park Young Danube (LPYD)) and 1-2 e-bike-charging stations are almost installed and/or e-bikes are placed in BG and RO. In SI, a demonstration multiple-passenger electric bicycle (= e-bike rickshaw), suitable as taxi on eco-paths in protected areas, and for park managers, local authorities is now offered.

The e-mobility system can be easily used and respectively installed in any other region. The technical infrastructure has low maintenance and is normally not very complicated.

11 Cf. https://bike-energy.com/

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 29 E-bike charging stations in City of Tuttlingen The City of Tuttlingen has currently procured, installed and commissioned 3 e-bike charging stations: Model 1: 2 e-bike charging stations (Brand: bike-energy, A-Hallein) with 4 charging points each and 2 household safety socket each. Model 2: 1 e-bike charging cabinet with 2 small and 1 large battery charging compartment and 1 household safety socket each.

Figure 22: E-bike charging stations, town hall, City of Tuttlingen, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen

The 3 districts (Eßlingen, Möhringen and Nendingen) will each receive 1 e-bike-charging station in the near future starting from 2018 maybe 2019.

The locations of the e-car charging station and also the e-bike-charging station of the city of Tuttlingen and the rest of the district of Tuttlingen can be accessed via the website of the district of Tuttlingen or directly via the link listed in the footnote (e-car or e-bike-charging station). Other web service providers also offer online maps of the locations of "e-gas stations", e.g. via the link: https://e-tankstellen-finder.com/at/en/electric filling stations and the entry of the place can also find the e-charging stations in Tuttlingen.

Pedelec Regular Cy cle Pro: Contra: Pro: Contra : • Less effort when • High purchase price • Low purchase price starting • Higher weight due to • Low weight • Less effort while engine and battery • Flexibility driving • No pedal support with • no battery charging • No more effort in empty battery time headwinds • Battery charging time • insurance free • Speeds up to 45 km / averaging 45-90 minutes h possible with S- • From S-Pedelec & E-Bike Pedelec or E-bike (> 25 km / h) compulsory • No helmet required insurance and helmet • Especially suitable for • Battery enough for about physically disabled 60-80 km range persons • Additional points • Up-hill flow depending on user • New excursion

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 30 destinations for new target groups • Easier driving in hilly terrain • Sweat-free cycling (also suitable for business tours) • Additional points depending on user • … Table 5: Overview of important points of pedelecs or regular cycle

Curricula E-manager training and material (compare LENA folder D 4.1.3) Additional to the e-mobility strategy, curricula and material for the e-manager training is developed by City of Tuttlingen. It will ensure that the project outputs are applicable and replicable by other organisations, regions and countries outside of the current partnership. The curricula of the e-Manager can be translated and can be adapted for wider use in the other regions. Attachment 3 contains the learning plans "D 4.1.3 E-manager-training" for the project partner developed by E- manager by the project partner, City of Tuttlingen. These learning plans can also be used in other Danube regions for e-manager training. The adaptation to the respective local and regional conditions is easy to realize that the learning plans have a modular structure.

Tasks of an e-manager • Strengthen and develop a smart and sustainable way of living and mobility in, with and around Natura 2000 areas and adjoining settlements. • Raise awareness for environmentally friendly mobility: Training, campaigns, promotional actions, application of projects, cooperation within projects addressing e-mobility • Improve smart mobility in special planned routes/nature sites • Improve quality of service for e-cyclists, • improve road safety, better acceptability • Prepare informations for TIC and about tourist offer on the area like e-bike sharing, inclusion of e-bike rental into normal bike rentals- taking to private companies • Manage and monitor e-infrastructure and its success and share the experience with other regions to promote E-mobility.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 31 3. Analysis

City of Tuttlingen, DE analyses the situation on e-mobility at the locations from the participating project partner.

Figure 23: Involved project partner, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen

In the first quarter of 2017, the project partners received a questionnaire catalogue in order to do an inventory of the local conditions. In addition, internet research was carried out for the development of the e-mobility strategy. The questionnaire criteria and analysis were carried out according to "Similarities and differences". The evaluation and results of the questionnaire are presented in attachment 1 “Questionnaire-results-e-mobility- part.pdf”.

For the e-mobility strategy, we can state following results. Of course, there are more intensive needs for the use of e-mobility offers in hilly and mountainous areas, such as the project partner City of Tuttlingen, region of the Landscape park Young Danube) and RDA of Gorenjska, BSC, Ltd, Kranj 12 region of the Triglav National park as in the flat regions of Belene and Ivanovo (both Bulgaria) and WWF Romania with the Ciocăneşti fish farm in the district of Călăraşi. It is therefore not surprising that the cycle paths in the project partner City of Tuttlingen and RDA of Gorenjska, BSC, Ltd, Kranj areas are significantly better than in the lowland of the project partners of Belene and Ivanovo (both Bulgaria) and WWF Romania with the Ciocăneşti fish farm in the district of Călăraşi. The natural conditions and circumstances can be found in the general overview and the following google map.

Figure 24: Locations of the LENA-project partner (red points) and protected nature areas (green points), on 20/04/2018 retrieved on https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.08876268101713%2C26.766213554147 384&z=10

The following chapters create / describe SWOT-profiles for the project partners. The data basis for the SWOT- analysis was the results of the questionnaire and additional internet research. The questionnaire is structured into following sections:

12 RDA of Gorenjska, BSC, Ltd, Kranj = Regional Development Agency of Gorenjska, Business Support Center, Ltd, Kranj

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 32 • General overview • Traffic infrastructure • Touristic infrastructure • Protected areas • Markets und industries • E-mobility • Stakeholders

The results and additional internet research are described for each project partner, according to their "characteristics" in SWOT-profiles: • Strengths • Weaknesses • Opportunities • Threats

3.1 City of Tuttlingen, DE

3.1.1 Overview situation

In the federal state Baden-Württemberg (south-west) in the county Tuttlingen are the City of Tuttlingen (PP7) and the main Landscape park young Danube located. The following maps show you different situations.

Figure 25: Left map: Germany with its countries. Right map: Country Baden-Württemberg, the administrative district Freiburg and county Tuttlingen (dark red), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.weltkarte.com/europa/landkarten-und-stadtplaene-von- deutschland/landkarte-deutschland-politische-kartebundeslaender.htm and https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Tuttlingen

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 33

Figure 26: Blue Map of the Landscape park Young Danube with its communes (Cities and villages from Donaueschingen, Tuttlingen to Sigmaringen along the Danube), on 1/06/2018 retrieved on source: https://landschaftspark-jungedonau.de/wp- content/uploads/Teilnehmer2015.jpg

Figure 27: Core City of Tuttlingen, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen

3.1.2 SWOT-analysis

Strengths # B. Traffic The roads have a good quality and are in a good condition. Railway network along the Danube from Donaueschingen over Tuttlingen to Sigmaringen goes till Ulm. The name of the train is “Danube valley train”. A special offer during the summertime is the train “Nature park express” which runs from the village Beuron in the Danube Valley over Tuttlingen and Donaueschingen to the neighbouring city Blumberg (close to the border of Switzerland). Safe bike trails wherever possible.

# C. Touristic infrastructure Tuttlingen has beautiful places to visit like Danube Park 13 , Honberg Castle, Art Gallery, places for entertainment. Accommodation (hotels, guest houses), camping places, restaurants, taverns, beer gardens and beach bar “Golem” where now the e-bike-charging station is installed (co-founded from the LENA-project, EU).

13 Attachment 1 “Questionnaire-result-E-mobility-part.pdf, C. Touristic Infrastructure”

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 34 # D. Protected Area The landscape park has some nature reserves. Especially for e-bikers, the nature reserve "Danube-break- through-valley from to Beuron and the plateaus" are interesting because the individual sub-areas of the Danube cycle path with pedelec passable and can be experienced directly.

# E. Markets and Industries City of Tuttlingen and partly Landscape park have a lot of high-tech industries 14 but also local markets with products from local and regional farmers and SME´s 15 .

# F. E-mobility The Danube flows through the middle of the city and is thus shaping the cityscape 16 The city of Tuttlingen receives an e-bike charging station through the LENA project, which has been installed at beach bar "Golem - Summer Lounge on the Danube" and is located directly on the "Danube Bike Path". In the landscape park, another 9 e-bike charging stations have been installed.

Figure 28: E-bike charging station (co-founded from EU-commission), location: Golem - summer lounge at the Danube, City of Tuttlingen, source: picture, City of Tuttlingen

# G. Stakeholders Good organizational structures for environmental/climate protection associations are BUND = Federation of environmental and nature protection ( https://www.bund.net/ , Greenpeace ( https://www.greenpeace.de/ ), climate federation ( www.klimabuendnis.org ), ADFC = General German Bicycle Club registered association (registered association) (https://www.adfc.de/ ).

Weakness

14 Medical and mechanical industry in the City of Tuttlingen (e.g.: B. Braun - brand Aesculap, Karl Storz, KLS Leibinger, Chiron-Werke etc.) 15 Attachment 1 “Questionnaire-result-E-mobility-part.pdf, E. Markets and Industries” 16 Attachment 1 “Questionnaire-result-E-mobility-part.pdf, F. E-Mobility”

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 35 The economic power in Tuttlingen and in the Landscape park depends very much on the economic development of the local medical engineering and mechanical engineering companies. Diversification into other future industries would be desirable.

Opportunities Complete your business model through diversification with “D³”. Especially in the medical industry, mechanical industry, power industry, automotive industry and other branches is the approach of “D³” in the coming years respectively next decade maybe a solution to prevent structural change. The local and regional companies and authorities have to check this situation and complete their business model.

Threats The biggest threats are the political challenges in Europe, like the protective tariffs or political uncertainties and nowadays contingencies of war next to the European countries (e.g. Syria). This means, that the economies do not grow enough to deal with the income and wealth.

3.1.3 Implementation

The e-mobility implementation in the City of Tuttlingen as well as in the county of Tuttlingen and the Landscape Park is developing well.

3.1.4 Suggestion

The 10 e-bike-charging-station in the Landscape Park should be only the beginning. It must go on. Now, we must find a way to spread out the idea of a clean air area in the City of Tuttlingen, county Tuttlingen and Landscape Park. Therefore, the EU-commission, German government, state government and local politicians should declare that they are going to fund the technologies of e-mobility, especially the e-bike charging stations technology, too. A concrete decision and proposal to spread out the e-bike-charging-stations in all communes (e.g. like the village and the villages in the area of the “Kleiner Heuberg” like , , etc. in the county Tuttlingen and the villages in the county Sigmaringen and also in the villages of the Landscape park and as well in the Nature park “Naturpark Obere Donau” has to take place. Also the complementary products of the e-mobility industry (e.g. e-boats on the Danube between the Danube-break-through-valley and Sigmaringen as additional offers for the tourists and other e-mobility complementary goods) should be implemented in the next years and decade, but as quick as possible. The economic rules valied: First come first serve.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 36 3.2 Belene Municipality, BG

3.2.1 Overview situation

Figure 29: Road network (BG), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on Figure 30: Railway network (BG), on 27/04/2018 source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Autobahnen_ retrieved on source: in_Bulgarien#/media/File:Bulgarien_motorway_network_de https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgarski_Darschawni_Sch _version2012_numbers_correctio.svg elesnizi#/media/File:Railway_map_of_Bulgaria.png .

Figure 31: Project partner position. PP1, Belene, BG; PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10 WWF, RO with Ciocanesti fish farm close to Calarasi, on 20/04/2018 retrieved on https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.08876268101713%2C26.766213554147 384&z=10

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 37

Figure 32: Zoom on the Landscape of PP1, Belene, BG, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/place/5930+Belene,+Bulgarien/@43.665525,25.1677162,12z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x40ac185c43005823:0x fc883180ec5ab98a!8m2!3d43.6445087!4d25.1246359

3.2.2 SWOT-analysis

Strengths # Location Belene is located along the Danube in wonderful countryside. The Danube Islands is the natural border to Romania. The "Euro velo 6" cycle route runs along the Danube region in Bulgaria and Romania directly to the regions of Russe (BG) and Călăraşi (RO) and thus directly into the areas of the project partners there. In the Bulgarian subsection, these are Belene and Ivanovo regions, and in the Romanian sub-section, this is the Ciocanesti (Fish farm) region.

# C. Touristic Infrastructure, D. Protected Areas, E. Markets and Industries 17 Belene has its strengths in these areas. For tourists there are good facilities and interesting tourist sites: • Visitor center Nature Park "Persina“. • Bird watching trails and boat bird watching tour of the Belene Islands. • Archeological sites Roman, Early Medieval. • Accommodation: hotels with restaurants.

Weakness # Traffic: The traffic infrastructure is not well developed. The territory of the city is not crossed by any international road as well the motorways and the first class roads of the national road network; most of the roads are municipal and local.

17 Attachment 1 “Questionnaire-result-E-mobility-part.pdf, C. Touristic Infrastructure, D. Protected Areas, E. Markets and Industries”

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 38

Figure 33: Regional train map of the area PP1, Belene, BG, PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10, WWF, RO, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: Bulgarian train maps, source: http://www.xn--pnvkarte-m4a.de/#26.0806,43.8089,9

Belene (BG), Ivanovo (BG) and Ciocanesti (RO) are not connected to the internal regions of Bulgaria or Romania by rail. The nearest Bulgarian train stations are Oresh train stop and Russe respectively in Romania Giurgiu and Călăraşi have train stations.

Opportunities Belene should use especially the EU-wide trend "buying an e-bike" as an advantage. This means that now is a good starting point to supplement the range of bikes by a sufficient number of e-bikes (e.g. in 2018: 10 e-bikes, in 2019: +20 e-bikes and in 2020: +30 e-bikes).

The “Euro velo 6” cycle route should be made accessible for e-bike along the Bulgarian and Romanian Danube region. Foray: The “Euro velo 6” cycle route connect all project partner from Germany to Romania therefore should all parts in these Countries made accessible for e-bikes.

This e-bike offer will certainly attract high-income people from the region and the larger cities (e.g. Sofia and Bucharest and from abroad) and the region can be promoted with attractive e-mobility offers, combined with natural and cultural recreation (overnight accommodation) on the banks of the Danube. These combination offers should be supplemented with the following "add-on".

E-boats ways Boat trips from Belene to Russe with stopover on the Danube Islands. Expand this Danube Island with sightseeing opportunities (bird-watching, animal watching). Check: kayaking and rowboat rides on the Danube (possibly interesting for special target groups). Opportunity at the conflux between Danube and Yantra river with upstream activities could be from Belene closer proved.

Cycle ways Belene (BG) via Svishtov to Russe or possibly via Ivanovo (BG) and to Giurgiu (RO) and for very good e-bikers till Ciocanesti (RO) to the fish farm. So far there is the European route E6 from Belene island to Ivanovo and then to Russe.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 39 Important is to find out unique selling point for the e-bike cycling in Belene (e.g. honey-moon e-bike cycling in Belene and surrounding and other special offers).

E-bike-charging stations / E-bikes / E-bike-repair-shops Structure an e-bike network. The e-bikes should be distributed and rented from every location. Foundation of e- bike repair shops can create new green mobility business opportunities.

From To Today (km) Belene Ivanovo 96 Ivanovo Russe 23 Russe Giurgiu 13 Table 6: Belene areas: today and possible future cycle path network (including e-bike charging stations) between the locations

The new one cycling routes are suggested to be around Belene city vicinity area - Kulina voda village: - Kiselec protected site area (Natura 2000 zone) - 16 km - Lukach area - 14 km - Above water supplying zone - 19 km (route "Mountain in plain".

There are suggested 2 more additional routes to develop from the Nature park administration: 1. To Limana-HTK - approx. 12 km and to 2. Fisherman village in Hisarlyka area 6 km approx - both on the Danube bank.

There are expected conversation with the mayor about the last 2 proposals. 18

Arrival and departure to Belene In a common transport concept optimization possibilities are to be examined and implemented. According to Internet research, there are the following airfields in the region which are partially in operation. Whether at least one of these airfields is suitable for eco-tourism should be checked and documented from the project partner PP1, Belene, PP2 Ivanovo (both BG) and PP10 WWF, RO. • Dve Mogili Airport. • Letise Russe Airport.

E-car charging stations (DC station, AC stations). In the Bulgarian region Belene and Ivanovo and on the Romanian side at Giurgiu, Comana Nature park and Ciocanesti fish farm are e-charging station installed and they are operating. This should be promoted in the respective federal and state policies and financing options could, for example. Also be requested via the EU Commission. According to ABB information, an e-charging station is to be installed in Russe. That would be a first success for this region. Further successes must follow now!

This would also enable the Belene, Ivanovo (= Russe region) and Comana Nature Park with Ciocanesti fish farm / district Calasteri (= Giurgiu region) to enter the e-car infrastructure.

Threats

18 E-manager, Tsvetomir Tsvetanov, from municipality Belene (BG) informs about the newest developement.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 40

Figure 34: Zoom from the area PP1, Belene, BG till PP10, WWF, WO (Ciocanesti fish farm), on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.openstreetmap.de/karte.html

But, the e-manager, City of Tuttlingen, think, without financial support (EU, Bulgaria, county) for the necessary infrastructural measures, the development of ecotourism in the region cannot be realized for the communities Belene, Ivanovo and Ciocanesti.

3.2.3 Implementation

For Belene (BG) the above strengths, weaknesses and opportunities should be examined on-site and discussed with stakeholders in a dialogue and written into a common cross-border business model concept . Of course, this also includes, for example, a catalogue of measures with the responsible person, financing, schedule and very important business plan with all its sub-plans such as sales plan, personnel plan, resource plan, marketing / sales and sales plan and a controlling plan with a key figure system (balanced scorecard).

3.2.4 Suggestion

The business model has to be implemented within a 1-3 year planning period. This could also be entered in a follow-up project via the EU Commission by means of a funding application. Investing and financing alternatives via a combined public / private business model are to be examined (public- private partnership).

Example: EU Commission gives funding for the first 1 to 3 years. The involved Project partner along the Danube in the region (district) of Belene, Ivanovo, Russe, Giurgiu, Ciocanesti fish farm should be able to work together in the business model right from the start and, as agreed, enter into the business model as a partner.

3.3 Ivanovo Municipality, BG The Ivanovo region has over 9,500 inhabitants. The small town of Ivanovo (1,000 inhabitants) is located in the north of Bulgaria in the province of Russe at the river Russenski Lom, which is located in the nature park. The nearest larger town is Russe (145,000 inhabitants).

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 41 3.3.1 Overview situation

Figure 35: Road network, BG, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on Figure 36: Railway network, BG, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Autobahne source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgarski_Darschawni_S n_in_Bulgarien#/media/File:Bulgarian_motorway_network chelesnizi#/media/File:Railway_map_of_Bulgaria.png. _de_version2012_numbers_correction.svg

Figure 37: Project partner position. PP1, Belene, BG; PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10, WWF, RO with Ciocanesti fish farm close to Calarasi, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.08876268101713%2C26.766213554147 384&z=10

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 42

Figure 38: Zoom area Ivanovo with sites for sightseeing´s, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/place/5930+Belene,+Bulgarien/@43.6939547,25.9417373,14105m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x40ac1 85c43005823:0xfc883180ec5ab98a!8m2!3d43.6445087!4d25.1246359 and https://www.google.de/maps/place/7088+Iwanowo,+Bulgarien/@43.6848654,25.9532758,1763m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x40aef 1b6e7597683:0x400a01269bf5710!8m2!3d43.6845558!4d25.9561771

3.3.2 SWOT-analysis

Strengths # Location Belene is located along the Danube in wonderful countryside. The Danube Island is the natural border to Romania. The "Euro velo 6" cycle route runs along the Danube region in Bulgaria and Romania directly to the regions of Russe (BG) and Călăraşi (RO) and thus directly into the areas of the project partners there. In the Bulgarian subsection, these are Belene and Ivanovo regions, and in the Romanian sub-section, this is the Ciocanesti (Fish farm) region.

# Touristic infrastructure: Close to Ivanovo are the „rock churches“ 19 from Ivanovo, part of the UNESCO World Heritage since 1979. In close neighborhood to Ivanovo are the cultural assets, recreational areas and attractions: The river Rusenski Lom 20 . The -fortress 21 . Famous is the rock monastery. In the area of Ivanovo, there is a unique cultural and archaeological reserve - the remarkable Medieval Basarabovo and Ivanovo rock-hewn monasteries, that number around 20 churches and some 300 monastic cells.22 . The Natural Park Rusenski Lom 23

E-manager, Ivan Ivanov, Ivanovo Municipality informs that the SS. Konstantin and Elena monastery also known as Golyam Nisovski Monastery (The Big Nisovo Monastery), considered the largest of the rock-hewn monasteries in the Lom River Valley. The path leading to it is a part of the so-called "Dendropath" - a marked

19 Cf. Wikipedia: Iwanowo, rock church (URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felskirchen_von_Iwanowo) 20 Cf. Wikipedia: Rusenski Lom, river (URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusenski_Lom ) 21 Cf. Wikipedia: Cherven, fortress (URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherven_(fortress) 22 Cf. Panacomp Wonderworld Travel (URL: http://www.panacomp.net/ivanovo-rock-monasteries/) 23 Cf. Wikipedia: Nautral park, Rusenski lom (URL: http://visit.guide-bulgaria.com/a/202/natural_park_rusenski_lom.htm)

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 43 route that familiarizes tourists with the plant species in the park. The starting point for the trail is at the end of the village of Nisovo, before the bridge over the Malki Lom River. Unfortunately, the big monastery of Nisovo is still one of the least researched of Bulgarian rock Monasteries. Only legends keep living the memory of the famous medieval spiritual center which had been attracting artists and grammarians from all over the country.

Furthermore information you can find in the attachment 1 Questionnaire-result-e-mobility-part.pdf (protected areas, markets and industries and e-mobility).

The existing tourist potential consists of a well-developed road network in the adjacent areas, a tourist information center in Ivanovo and traditional routes used for visits of the national archaeological reserves. Dentrological trail, historic routes, great biodiversity routes, natural and historical landmarks are created on the territory of the Park. Accommodation is also available in family hotels.

Weakness # Traffic: The traffic infrastructure is not well developed. The territory of the city is not crossed by any international road as well the motorways and the first class roads of the national road network; most of the roads are municipal and local. The map traffic infrastructure you can find in chapter 3.2.

E-manager, Ivan Ivanov, informs: International railway corridor (№4) and European corridors №7 and №9 connecting Central and Eastern Europe to Black Sea and Asia as well as the important ways from the national road network Ruse – Varna and Ruse – Sofia are crossing the municipality’s territory.

Opportunities In Ivanovo there are already 120 bikes, financed by the Interreg Va. Ivanovo should use especially the EU-wide trend "buying an e-bike" as an advantage. This means that now is a good starting point to supplement the range of bikes by a sufficient number of e-bikes (e.g. in 2018: 10 e-bikes, in 2019: +20 e-bikes and in 2020: +30 e-bikes).

The “Euro velo 6” cycle route should be made accessible for e-bike along the Bulgarian and Romanian Danube region. Foray: The “Euro velo 6” cycle route connect all project partner from Germany to Romania therefore should all parts in these Countries made accessible for e-bikes.

This e-bike offer will certainly attract high-income people from the region and the larger cities (e.g. Sofia and Bucharest and from abroad) and the region can be promoted with attractive e-mobility offers, combined with natural and cultural recreation (overnight accommodation) on the banks of the Danube. These combination offers should be supplemented with the following "add-on".

This e-bike offer will certainly attract high-income people from the region and the larger cities (e.g. Sofia and Bucharest and from abroad) and the region can be promoted with attractive e-mobility offers, combined with natural and cultural recreation (overnight accommodation) on the banks of the Danube. These combination offers should be supplemented with the following "add-on". Traditional food, wine tasting, rural tourism.

Cycle ways Cycling from Ivanovo over Russe Giurgiu. Also cycling to Belene is possible. So far there is the European route E6 from Belene island to Ivanovo and then to Russe (both directions).

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 44 Ivan Ivanov: Concerning cycle ways we wish to suggest another possibility - cycling from Russe to Nisovo.

Important is to find out unique selling point (usp) for the e-bike cycling in Ivanovo (e.g. special offer for pilger people: e-bike cycling to our rock churches in surronding of Ivanovo).

There are enough appropriate places for establishing selling point in the Village. After short discussion its position will be easily determined. Suggestion: Tourist information center.

E-bike-charging stations, E-bikes, E-bike-repair-shops Structure an e-bike network. The e-bikes should be distributed and rented from every location. Foundation of e- bike repair shops can create new green mobility business opportunities

From To Today (km) Future (km) Belene Ivanovo 96 130 Ivanovo Russe 23 63 Russe Giurgiu 14 23 Giurgui Comana Nature park 42 63 Comana Nature park Ciocanesti fish farm 69 89 Table 7: Ivanovo areas: today and possible future cycle path network (including e-bike charging station) between the locations

Arrival and departure to Ivanovo In a common transport concept optimization possibilities are to be examined and implemented. In Ivanovo municipality, public transport services are provided by private bus operators. Railway transport infrastructure is also well developed. There are four railway stations on the municipality’s territory - one in the village of Ivanovo and three smaller stations in the villages of Bozhichen, Koshov and Tabachka. Market Demand Analysis will determine the needs for optimization and the right approach to their implementation.

According to Internet research, there are the following airfields in the region which are partially in operation. Whether at least one of these airfields is suitable for eco-tourism should be checked and documented. • Svishtov Airport. • Vardim Airport. • Dhulyunitsa Airport. • Dve Mogili Airport. • Letise Russe Airport. • Letise Russe Airport.

Previously used as a joint civil-military airport and abandoned for many years, Ruse airport is now operable again. It is currently owned and managed by the municipality of Ruse and holds an Airstrip license for aircrafts with a maximum take-off weight of less than 5700 kg. Located in the territory of the Ivanovo municipality, 17 km south of Ruse (1,5 km away from the village of Shtraklevo), the airport has a suitable position for eco- tourism. It is distanced only 9 km from one of the most attractive approaches to Rusenski Lom Nature park in the village of Nisovo. The road from Ruse to Nisovo (and Cherven) is a secundary class road in very good condition and provides connections with the secondary cycle network. The village of Nissowo offers opportunities for hiking, camping, fishing and cycling. There are marked hiking trails, bird and wildlife observation towers. Within the park’s area, less than 1 kilometer from the center of the village is located Nature Conservation Complex "Lomovete" comprising Center for Research, Training, Simulation and Analysis of Biodiversity and Center for protection of rock nesting birds, serving as a Visitor center, where you can get details on bird habitats and hiking trails.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 45

Fast e-charging stations (DC station, AC stations) In the Bulgarian region Belene and Ivanovo and on the Romanian side at Giurgiu, Comana Nature park and Ciocanesti fish farm are e-charging station installed and they are operating. This should be promoted in the respective federal and state policies and financing options, for example. Also be requested via the EU Commission. According to ABB information, an e-charging station is to be installed in Russe. That would be a first success for this region. Further successes must follow now!

Further successes could be: new cycling routs; increasing the number of guesthouses; increasing demand for electric bicycles; tourism industry growth.

This would also enable the Belene, Ivanovo (= Russe region) and Comana Nature Park with Ciocanesti fish farm / region Călăraşi and Giurgui) to enter the e-car infrastructure.

Whether and how any other local cultural assets and other attractions will fit into the combined e-bike-charging network and e-bike sharing system will need to be examined and agreed with the project partner Ivanovo in the coordination of the e-mobility strategy.

Threats Without financial support for the necessary infrastructure measures, it is unlikely that Ivanovo would be able to expand its ecotourism region. See also the comments in section 3.2., Belene.

3.3.3 Implementation

For Ivanovo (BG) the above strengths, weaknesses and opportunities should be examined on-site and discussed with stakeholders in a dialogue and written into a common cross-border business model concept. Of course, this also includes, for example, a catalogue of measures with the responsible person, financing, schedule and very important business plan with all its sub-plans such as sales plan, personnel plan, resource plan, marketing / sales and sales plan and a controlling plan with a key figure system (balanced scorecard).

3.3.4 Suggestion

The business model has to be implemented within a 1-3 year planning period. This could also be entered in a follow-up project via the EU Commission by means of a funding application. Investing and financing alternatives via a combined public / private business model are to be examined (public- private partnership).

Example: EU Commission gives funding for the first 1 to 3 years. The involved project partner along the Danube in the region (district) of Belene, Ivanovo, Russe, Giurgiu, Ciocanesti fish farm should be able to work together in the business model right from the start and, as agreed, enter into the business model as a partner.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 46 3.4 WWF, RO (Ciocanesti fish farm)

3.4.1 Overview situation

Although the highway network is not developed in the region the existing road system can support the existing traffic (since there is not heavy traffic). Nevertheless the lack of highways in the region is taking its toll, because a well-developed and functioning infrastructure is the basis for economic activity and also for the e-mobility strategy.

Figure 39: Road system in Romania, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fensystem_in_Rum%C3%A4nien

The road system in Romania differentiates between the following street types: • Highways (autostradă - pl autostrăzi); Designation A on a green background with a single digit number • Expressways (drum rapid, drum expres); Designation DX on a red background with number and possibly letters • National roads (drum naţional - pl drumuri naţionale); Designation DN on a red background with number and possibly letters • County roads (drum judeţean - pl. Drumuri judeţene); Designation DJ on a blue background with three- digit number and possibly letters Municipal roads (drum comunal - pl. Drumuri comunale); Designation DC on a yellow background with three- digit number and possibly letters 24

24 Cit. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Autobahnen_in_Rum%C3%A4nien , am 20.04.2018 abgerufen

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Figure 40: Zoom Ciocanesti, RO, and surroundings, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/search/Ciocanesti,+Bulgarien/@44.1179241,26.657802,9z

Figure 41: Project partner position. PP1, Belene, BG; PP2, Ivanovo, BG and PP10, WWF, RO with Ciocanesti fish farm close to Calarasi, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1248oOHq9JMERptWDPo9TLw0V_ETNmFZS&ll=44.08876268101713%2C26.766213554147 384&z=10

3.4.2 SWOT-analysis

Strengths Ciocănești fish farm is located in Călăraşi county, south of Bucharest and in the proximity of the Danube. Here you have the opportunity to admire typical wetland landscapes, with lakes, swamps, reeds and hundreds of protected bird species that spend their summer in our country.

Touristic Infrastructure 25 : In the district of Călăraşi (south of Bucharest) there is a fish farm that promotes ecotourism. The fish farm Ciocăneşti also offers numerous species of birds the perfect habitat. Further information 26 .

25 Annex 1-Questionnaire-result-E-mobility-part.pdf, C. Touristic Infrastructure 26 Cf. http://www.rri.ro/de_de/oko_tourismus_in_der_fischfarm-2533372

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Figure 42: Öko-tourism in the Ciocanesti fish farm, RO, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.rri.ro/de_de/oko_tourismus_in_der_fischfarm-2533372

Ciocănești farm is part of the natural protected area Natura 2000 Ciocănești Danube. Consisting of 30 fishponds in total of more than 230 hectares, it is a good example of a sustainable farm management in harmony with nature. Over 20,000 migratory birds find their nesting place and feed here, including 30 species of birds protected at European level. Through LENA project a charging station and 2 electric bicycles are now available for tourists who are interested in the natural beauty of the area. Use the bicycle or just go for a walk in the Ciocănești micro-delta and you will feel like entering into the world of aquatic birds. If you want to stay overnight accommodation is possible in the “Pescaru” guest house in Ciocanesti but also at the farm where a few rooms are available.

# Craftsmanship Traditional crafts are disappearing all over the world due to industrialization and globalisation. Especially in Europe, this fact is visible both in urban and rural areas. In the villages around the Ciocanesti area you will have the opportunity to take a rest in the yards of craftsmen or savvy housewives who want to share what they treasure the most: the inheritance of craftwork done in peace over hundreds of years, from generation to generation. You will encounter carpenters, knitters, blacksmiths, housewives, fish or vegetable farms, beautiful people who will make you feel like long ago.

Figure 43: Craftsmen and their work in Ciocăne ști area (photos by Corina Gheorghiu), RO

# Nature routs During the LENA project we have mapped 5 nature routes that start and finish in Ciocăneşti. The routes have a total length of over 550km and are designed to be covered by electric bicycle or by normal bicycle in 1 to 3 days.

Route 1 : Ciocănești – Dorobanțu – Mănăstirea – Frăsinet – Argovei Valley – Gurbănești – Sărulești – Nana – – – – – – Crivăț (CL) – Hotarele (GR) – Isvoarele – Comana – Mihai Bravu – Prundu – Greaca (GR) – Căscioarele (CL) – Chirnogi – Oltenița – Ulmeni – Spanțov – Chiselet – Mănăstirea – Dorobanțu – Ciocănești.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 49 It is a 2 to 3 days route that crosses a large part of Călărași County and a small part of Giurgiu County, following the trails of the Mostiștea, Argeș and Danube valleys. The main natural objectives not to be missed are Mostiștei Valley, Comana Natural Park and Neajlov Delta, Protected Site Ciocănești Lake.

Figure 44 : Route 1 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4275305/

Route 2 : Ciocănești – Dorobanțu – Mănăstirea – Luica – Șoldanu – Radovanu – Chirnogi – Oltenița – Ulmeni – Spanțov – Chiselet – Mănăstirea – Dorobanțu – Ciocănești. It’s a circuit type cycle-touristic route. It can be completed in 1-2 days

Figure 45: Route 2 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4285522/?created=1

Route 3 : Ciocănești – Dorobanțu – Mănăstirea – Frăsinet – Ulmu – Dorobanțu – Ciocănești. It’s a circuit type cycle-touristic route around Mostiștea Lake. It can be done in one day.

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Figure 46: Route 3 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4406860/

Route 4 : Ciocănești – Grădiștea – Călărași – Chiciu – Ciocănești. It is a circuit type cycle-touristic route that includes the Danube shoreline where you can admire the wonderful scenery of the meadow. It includes a stretch of road on the pier and crosses a beautiful natural area where you can appreciate all the riches for which the area has been designated as protected. It can be travelled in one day.

Figure 47: Route 4 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4275306/

Route 5 : Ciocănești – Grădiștea – Vlad Țepeș – Alexandru Odobescu – Ciocănești. It is a circuit type cycle- touristic route that crosses the wetlands of Gălățui Lake and Călărași Mountain Lake. It can be travelled in a day.

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Figure 48: Route 5 https://www.bikemap.net/en/r/4275301/#/z10/44.1679223,26.7166901/terrain

Weakness # Traffic The closest highway (A2) is about 45 km away, making the destination less accessible to foreigners. Only county and communal roads are available mostly with a single lane per way. Also the access to Danube is only available through mud alleys on the agricultural land. You can find the road infrastructure map at point 3.2.

# Economic alternatives Draining the Danube meadow in the 1940s changed the destination of the land from wetland to agricultural land. Since then, agricultural related activities were the most common activities in the area, despite the closeness to the Danube. In present the quality of the soil, from the point of view of agricultural activities, is more and more pour but the economic activities in the area have not diversified. The lack of business alternative is reflected in the economy of the area and in the financial possibilities of the people (e.g. to buy an electric bicycle or car) and of the authorities (e.g. to improve the quality of the roads or to modernize public transportation).

Opportunities EuroVelo 6 – Atlantic–Black Sea, is one of the most popular routes because it crosses coasts, rivers, castles, top- class infrastructure and a nice flat topography that make the about 4,400 km long route. The famous sections along the Loire and the Danube Rivers are known to cycle tourists around the world 27 .

27 http://www.eurovelo.com/en/eurovelos/eurovelo-6/eurovelo-6-explore-european-river-by-bike/

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Figure 49 : EuroVelo 6 – Atlantic–Black map from France to Romania

# other projects An Interreg project “E-bicycle network” has been implemented in Romania and Bulgaria in 2016. The project had as specific objective to create an electric bicycle network across Romania - Bulgaria cross-border area in order to achieve improved individual mobility and sustainable transport. Bicycle routes that connect cities along Danube in Romania and Bulgaria were identified and mapped, 32 cities now have e-stations for bicycles and the entire area has 70 charging points. Also 120 e-bicycles were acquired for Romania and 130 for Bulgaria to be used by the tourists that want to visit the Lower Danube landscape 28 .

# European funds investments The access to Fishery Program (POPAM) made possible the implementation of biodiversity conservation measures within Ciocanesti Fish Farm. European funds can be an opportunity for ecotourism infrastructure creation (guest houses, e-mobility hub e- bikes rent centre and e-charging station), bird-watching facilities, and so on.

Threats # Funding Without external financial support for the necessary infrastructure and social-economic measures, it is highly unlikely that Ciocanesti will be able to develop this region for ecotourism.

# Human resources Depopulation of rural areas is a reality for Romania. More and more young people choose to migrate to nearby cities or even to migrate to another country. So population in rural areas decreases from year to year and the one remaining is ageing or has poor alternatives for income. This has an impact on local economy and on the locals’ capacity to offer quality services for tourists.

# Politic instability For the last 4 years the political and social background is one characterised by multiple changes and social turmoil: multiple ministers and prime ministers were changed in this short period of time, civil society reacted by going out on the street numerous times to express its discontent regarding various legislative changes and corruption. As an effect of these constant changes are the lack of vision for the Danube area (Ciocanesti pilot area included) and the lack of coherence and continuity regarding local investments. This politic instability threatens the opportunity of foreign investments and through this further economic development in the area.

28 http://danube-ebike.net/ro/proiect-reteaua-de-biciclete-electrice/

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 53 3.4.3 Implementation

2 charging station and 4 e-bicycles is the first step toward an e-mobility strategy in the Ciocanesti area. The presence of other projects with similar objectives helped a lot to this but still the attempts are not part of a common strategy in the area. A strategy that would be adopted by the local authorities is mandatory for a proper implementation.

3.4.4 Suggestion

Giving the socio, economic and environmental characteristics of the area the focus may incline to an eco- mobility strategy, combining e-mobility with other forms of mobility that are friendly to the environment. We should take into consideration the best use of natural and social resources and promote them. A series of events like bike tours or bike competition could attract a reasonable number of tourists and promote natural areas and the crafts that are still surviving in the area.

The business model has to be implemented within a 1-3 year planning period. This could also be entered in a follow-up project via the EU Commission by means of a funding application. Investing and financing alternatives via a combined public / private business model are to be examined (public- private partnership).

Example: EU Commission gives funding for the first 1 to 3 years. The involved project partner along the Danube in the region (district) of Belene, Ivanovo, Russe, Giurgiu, Ciocanesti fish farm should be able to work together in the business model right from the start and, as agreed, enter into the business model as a partner.

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 54 3.5 RDA of Gorenjska, BSC Ltd. Kranj, SI

3.5.1 Overview situation

Figure 50: Nationalpark Triglav, SI. Zoom form lake Bled and lake Bohinj, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: https://www.google.de/maps/place/Nationalpark+Triglav/@46.3722385,13.8364493,11z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x477a8a8aeb7a1eed:0xf0 0f81d513270f0!8m2!3d46.3341834!4d13.8286923

3.5.2 SWOT-analysis

Strengths The triangle-area between Ljubljana, the recreation area from the protected area “Triglav National Park” and Kranj is considered to be in terms of traffic and touristic infrastructure, markets and industries, well developed. The Triglav National Park with the Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj and the mountains offer hikers and cyclists (especially MTB-cycling) suitable open spaces with well-developed infrastructures and overnight accommodation. Regionally SUMPs 29 are strongly emphasizing measures of e-cycling and cycling, including municipalities that have the area of Triglav National Park.

E-cycling is spreading and domestic and foreign tourists are increasing demand of e-biking infrastructure and services. This includes e-bike sharing. More and more is invested into e-cycling infrastructure, including e- charging stations. Regionally: In general the region and Slovenia is fairly pro e-mobility following and in some areas outperforming some other EU regions and countries. The area of Triglav National Park put a lot of emphasis on e-mobility including biking.

The national level is providing in program of development of the regions funding to establish cycling infrastructure and road safety for cyclists and many of the municipalities have applied/submitted projects for improving the cycling infrastructure and cycling road safety. This includes e-cycling infrastructure. In the region of the Triglav National Park, the e-mobility infrastructures can be successively built up in the next 1 to 3 years (fast electric charging stations, e-cars, e-bikes, e-bike charging stations, e-buses, e-boats). The

29 A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is a strategy that uses existing planning practices and incorporates the principles of integration and participation

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 55 beautiful mountain landscape with the mountain roads around Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj offers excellent recreational activities for MTB cyclists. Recognition of TNP as a cycling destination abroad. European trends of sustainable mobility in favor of cycling and e-cycling. Recognition of TNP as a cycling destination by neighbouring countries like AT and IT, but also HR and HU. Development of car free tourism in Europe, emphasizing combination of train and cycling. In terms TNP and Gorenjska vs other regions the opportunity is established cycling and e-cycling long distance cross regional infrastructure.

Weakness Municipality of Bohinj does not have a strategic document addressing e-cycling or cycling like SUMP. Weakness is also that the popularity of Triglav National Park (short TNP) attracts lots of tourists and with this also adrenaline bikers MTB which in moderate number presents strengths, however in numbers and not obeying the rules and going of the beaten roads it presents pressure on the environment (fauna and flora).

On the regional level: although stated in strengths that municipalities submitted projects for gaining national funding for improving cycling infrastructure and road safety, not all the municipalities are participating and some are lagging behind with this activities, causing disparities between local areas. There is still a lack of signalization and road connections. Cycling routs mapping is still overlapping in the municipal boundaries. Some municipalities are lacking overall cycling integration plans with other urban multimodal means of public transportation. Other municipalities are lacking financial means for investing in e-biking infrastructure. There is huge lack of e-charging stations for bikes and while mapping existing ones, except shuko stations (domestic sockets for charging e-cars) were not found. There is also lack of regional cooperation in terms of e-biking infrastructural planning, for instance e-bike sharing could be established cross the region, however it is locally placed. Another weakness also recognized by the PA owners of e-bikes is that the maintenance of e-bikes is expensive and mechanics experts for repairing e-bikes rare etc.

Regarding the pilot area of TNP there is also a lack of e-charging station for e-bikes, there is no on-line map for e-biking trails. I would need to check about e-bike sharing, but I don't think it exists ... The service connecting train and bus services in the high touristic season is not following demand side.

Planning mapping and certifying EUROVELO cycling path and integration/connection. Promotion, marketing of cycling tourism in Slovenia abroad.

Opportunities See under the section strength.

Threats The biggest threats are the political challenges in Europe, like the protective tariffs or political uncertainties and nowadays contingencies of war next to the European countries (e.g. Syria). This means, that the economies do not grow enough to deal with the income and wealth. Pressure of tourism from abroad in high season. Different awareness also of bikers about waste management and how they should behave in nature areas.

3.5.3 Implementation

For regions of Kranj and the Nationalpark Triglav (SI) the above strengths, weaknesses and opportunities should be examined on-site and discussed with stakeholders in a dialogue and written into a common business model concept. Of course, this also includes, for example, a catalogue of measures with the responsible person,

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 56 financing, schedule and very important business plan with all its sub-plans such as sales plan, personnel plan, resource plan, marketing plan and a controlling plan with a key figure system (balanced scorecard).

3.5.4 Suggestion

RDA of Gorenjska, BSC Ltd. Kranj should going to equip the Triglav National park area with e-car-charging stations and e-bike-charging stations and e-boats along the lakes Bled and Bohinj. BSC Kranj should try to get fundings from the EU-programs which are actually offered.

The business model has to be implemented within a 1-3 year planning period. This could also be entered in a follow-up project via the EU Commission by means of a funding application. Investing and financing alternatives via a combined public / private business model are to be examined (public- private partnership).

Example: EU Commission gives funding for the first 1 to 3 years. The regions of Kranj and the Nationalpark Triglav should be able to work together in the business model right from the start and, as agreed, enter into the business model as a partner

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 57 4. Strategic success factor

4.1 Growth strategy in general Minister of Economic Affairs, Mr Peter Altmaier, member of the German Federal Government, recognizes "The energy turn becomes a business model”30 .

Compared to e-mobility this means at the beginning of the e-mobility boom, all project partners now have the opportunity to occupy the new e-mobility business field at an early stage ( with e-cars, e-bikes, pedelecs, s- pedelecs, e-buses, e-boats and combinations with other economical offers) and you can in future receive revenues from green jobs.

The "Euro velo 6" cycle route runs along the Danube regions of all project partners - from Germany to Romania. This is a great advantage for equipping the Danube bike path or Euro velo 6 cycle path in all project partner regions with e-bike infrastructure and developing e-bike offers with "add ons" from the respective project partner regions.

Afterwards the e-manager will monitor the use of the e-bike-charging stations and write an evaluation report. The evaluation reports will be exchanged and combined in a joint evaluation report, which will be translated into the from LP WWF, BG and Romanian language from WWF, RO.

4.2 Specials by project partners

4.2.1 City of Tuttlingen, DE

The City of Tuttlingen is going to equip the city with additional e-car-charging stations and e-bike-charging stations. A challenge is to equip all other communes in the Landscape Park and in the surrounding area to make the network complete.

But, the 10 e-bike-charging-station in the Landscape Park Young Danube should be only the beginning. It must go on. Now, we must find a way to spread out the idea of a clean air area in the City of Tuttlingen, county Tuttlingen and Landscape Park Young Danube. Therefore, the EU-commission should declare that they are going to fund the technologies of e-mobility, especially the e-bike charging stations technology, too. A concrete decision and proposal to spread out the e- bike-charging-stations in all communes like the village Wurmlingen and the villages in the area of the “Kleiner Heuberg” like Denkingen, Gosheim, Wehingen etc. in the county Tuttlingen and the villages in the county Sigmaringen and also in the villages of the Landscape park Young Danube and as well in the Nature park “Naturpark Obere Donau” has to take place.

Also the complementary products of the e-mobility industry (e.g. e-boats on the Danube between the Danube- break-through-valley and Sigmaringen as additional offers for the tourists and other e-mobility complementary goods) should be implemented in the next years and decade, but as quick as possible. Then also here the economic rules valied: First come first serve.

30 Cit. https://www.pv-magazine.de/2018/04/17/altmaier-die-energiewende-wird-ein-geschaeftsmodell/

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 58 4.2.2 Belene Municipality, BG, Ivanovo Municipality, BG and WWF, RO (Fish farm Ciocanesti)

The project partner from BG and RO have a big chance to create a new project “Business model e - bike along the Danube from Belene, Ivanovo, Russe, Giurgiu to Ciocanesti” with a call over this EU- project ( http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/ ).

The Interreg ROBG.EU an EU-project The Interreg V-A Romania-Bulgaria Program is an EU funded Program (from the European Regional Development Fund-ERDF). The goal of the program is to develop the border area between the two countries by financing joint projects. The total budget of the program is 258.504.126 euro (out of which 215.745.513 euro ERDF). The projects are financed: 85% ERDF, 13% state (Romania and Bulgaria) contribution and 2% own contribution.

The funds are allocated to 6 directions (priority axes): 1. A well connected region (96,450,936 euro) 2. A green region (63,454,564 euro) 3. A safe region (48,225,468 euro) 4. A skilled and inclusive region (17,767,279 euro)

Figure: The eligible area: Romania-seven counties: Mehedinti, Dolj, Olt, Teleorman, Giurgiu, Calarasi, Constanta; Bulgaria-eight districts: Vidin, Vratsa, Montana, Pleven, Veliko Tarnovo, Ruse, Silistra, Dobrich.

Figure 51: The eligible area of the interreg-VA-project along the Danube (BG/RO). Romania-seven counties: Mehedinti, Dolj, Olt, Teleorman, Giurgiu, Calarasi, Constanta; Bulgaria-eight districts: Vidin, Vratsa, Montana, Pleven, Veliko Tarnovo, Ruse, Silistra, Dobrich, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/programme/programme-general- data.html

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Figure 52: The Interreg-VA-project (BG, RO) has also an e-bike-network as task to bluid it along the Danube between BG and RO, on 27/04/2018 retrieved on source: http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/e-bike-net.html

As strategic success factors is the immediate cooperation with the networks: Danube-ebike.net 31 and Interregrobg.eu 32 should be implemented as soon as possible for the LENA e-mobility strategy. Both networks are already active and they have the same goals regarding the quick installation of e-bike charging stations. For the implementation of the LENA e-mobility strategy (for example, procurement of e-bikes and the installation of e-bike charging stations), it is very important to also benefit from the EU funds from the Interreg-VA.

4.2.3 RDA of Gorenjska, BSC Ltd. Kranj, SI

RDA from Gorenjska, BSC Ltd. Kranj must continue to equip the area of Triglav National Park with e-car charging stations, e-bike charging stations and e-boats along the Bled and Bohinj lakes. BSC Kranj should try to get funding from the EU programs actually offered.

31 Cf. http://danube-ebike.net/en/category/project/ 32 Cf. http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/e-bike-net.html

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 60 5. Conclusion

5.1 Re-evaluation by City of Tuttlingen PP7, City of Tuttlingen suggest that their e-manager visits all project partners in first half of 2019 (period 5) to see how all the investments are implemented and how successful the e-mobility activities have been started and what kind of activities can or should be improved. The necessary travel expense budget for the PP7 e- manager must be between LP and the project partner discussed and over LENA-budget financed.

Extra Outlook: Smart cities and e-mobility user An appetizer for people who want to know what´s probably will be on in the future. Put the link in your browser: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKYbvpuJ4JI

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 61 List of attachment’s Attachment 1: Questionnaire results e-mobility part.pdf Attachment 2: E-charging-station-Bulgaria_ABB.pdf Attachment 3: Curriculum_and_material_for_the_E-Manager_Training.pdf

LENA Document: O 4.3.2 E-mobility strategy.docx Page: 62 6. List of sources

Danube-ebike.net. (15. 01 2016). www.danube-ebike.net . Von http://danube-ebike.net/en/category/home/ abgerufen Dr. Friedrich Schwandt, T. K. (17. 04 2018). www.statista.com . Von https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/463357/umfrage/absatzverteilung-von-e-bikes-in- europa-laender/.jpg abgerufen Eldisto GmbH. (17. 04 2018). www.elektrofahrrad-einfach.de . Von https://www.elektrofahrrad- einfach.de/content/unterschied-zwischen-e-bikes-und-pedelecs.html#was-ist-ein-pedelec abgerufen Gatterer, Harald. (17. 04 2018). www.zukunftsinstitut.de . Von https://www.zukunftsinstitut.de/artikel/e- mobility-mischt-den-markt-auf/ abgerufen Guide BG EOOD . (17. 04 2018). www.visit.guide-bulgaria.com . Von http://visit.guide- bulgaria.com/a/202/natural_park_rusenski_lom.htm abgerufen Interregrobg.eu. (02. 02 2016). www.interregrobg.eu . Von http://www.interregrobg.eu/en/e-bike-net.html abgerufen KG, p. m. (17. 05 2018). www.pv-magazine.de . Von https://www.pv-magazine.de/2018/04/17/altmaier-die- energiewende-wird-ein-geschaeftsmodell/ abgerufen MEGAtimer GmbH. (17. 04 2018). www.bike-energy.com . Von www.bike-energy.com abgerufen Milan, D. C. (17. 04 2018). www.emobilitaetonline.de . Von https://www.emobilitaetonline.de/news/produkte- und-dienstleistungen/4482-e-bikes-absatz-2017#null abgerufen Nier, H. (18. 03 2018). www.statista.com . Von https://infographic.statista.com/normal/infografik_8752_e_bike_absatz_in_deutschland_n.jpg abgerufen Panacomp zemlja čuda. (01. 01 2015). www.panacomp.net . Von http://www.panacomp.net/ivanovo-rock- monasteries/ abgerufen Richter, F. (30. 08 2017). www.statista.com . Von https://infographic.statista.com/normal/infografik_10889_die_groessten_e_bike_maerkte_europas_n.j pg abgerufen Teofilia Nistor, A. N. (29. 06 2015). www.rrio.ro/de . Von http://www.rri.ro/de_de/oko_tourismus_in_der_fischfarm-2533372 abgerufen Wikipedia/Autobahnen. (17. 04 2018). www.wikipedia.org/ . Von https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Autobahnen_in_Rum%C3%A4nien abgerufen Wikipedia/Felskirchen. (17. 04 2018). www.wikipedia.org/ . Von https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felskirchen_von_Iwanowo abgerufen Wikipedia/Fortress. (17. 04 2018). www.wikipedia.org/ . Von https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherven_(fortress) abgerufen Wikipedia/Rusenski Lom. (17. 03 2018). www.wikipedia.org/ . Von https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusenski_Lom abgerufen

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