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Lipid M Etabolism in the Brazilian Teleost Tam Baqui

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Lipid M Etabolism in the Brazilian Teleost Tam Baqui Colossoma Colossoma ) 20 DOUTORAMENTO EM CIÊNCIA ANIMALDOUTORAMENTO EM CIÊNCIA E EMGENÉTICA MELHORAMENTO ESPECIALIDADE From genes to nutrition: lipid metabolism in in metabolism lipid nutrition: to genes From the Brazilian teleost tambaqui ( macropomum Ferraz Renato Barbosa Maria João Maria Peixoto 20 D Renato Barbosa Ferraz D.ICBAS 2020 From genes to nutrition: lipid metabolism in the Brazilian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) From genes to nutrition: lipid metabolism in the Brazilian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Renato Barbosa Ferraz INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOMÉDICAS ABEL SALAZAR Renato Barbosa Ferraz 2020 From genes to nutrition: lipid metabolism in the Brazilian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Tese de Candidatura ao grau de Doutor em Ciências Animal - Especialidade em Genética e Melhoramento - submetida ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto. Orientador Professor Doutor Luís Filipe Castro, Professor da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto. Co-orientador Doutor Rodrigo Ozório, Investigador no CIIMAR. Co-orientador Professora Doutora Ana Lúcia Salário, Professora da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brasil). Financial support This study was supported by CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brazil, for the doctoral scholarship to student Renato Barbosa Ferraz with process number 201864 / 2015-0. And, by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, grant number 031342, and by FCT through national funds (PTDC/CTA-AMB/31342/2017) and the strategic project UID/Multi/04423/2019 granted to CIIMAR. The research reported in this thesis was conducted at: 1) Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (Portugal), 2) Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto and 3) Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brasil). i Agradecimentos A oportunidade de aprender é fundamental para qualquer carreira profissional. Creio que no passado, o Brasil veio igualando essas oportunidades com a política de abertura das universidades com o fornecimento de bolsas de estudos, principalmente em nível de Doutoramento, o qual, não se trata de política sem retorno, mas sim a oportunidade de desenvolvimento de cientistas. Creio que o percurso que percorri nos últimos anos foi de grande crescimento profissional, abrangendo meus conhecimentos para além da Zootecnia, o qual só foi possível por ter sido agraciado por uma bolsa de doutorado pelo extinto programa Ciências sem Fronteiras (CNPq-Brasil). Por ser filho do ensino público Brasileiro gratuito e de qualidade, meus agradecimentos iniciais desta Tese será ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pelo fornecimento da bolsa de estudo no exterior durante o Doutoramento. Ao meu orientador, Filipe Castro, por ter me ajudado a construir um plano de trabalho que aos poucos foi tomando forma, e o qual se conclui com esta tese. O meu muito obrigado por todo o apoio ao longo destes últimos anos para além das necessidades académicas, por todos conselhos, sugestões e por todo o auxílio. Uma palavra que guardarei para além de todo o aprendizado nesses últimos anos é o que ele sempre diz: “Seguimos!”. Ao meu co-orientador, Dr. Rodrigo Ozório por ter aceitado orientar esta tese e nos ter acolhido no Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar. Obrigada por todo apoio e incentivo. Em especial aos incentivos nos processos burocráticos. A minha co-orientadora, Professora Dra. Ana Lúcia Salaro por ter aceitado orientar esta tese. A qual não somente no Doutorado, mas de longas datas vem me orientando. Obrigado por disponibilizar o Laboratório de Nutrição e Produção de Peixes da Universidade Federal de Viçosa para o ensaio de crescimento desta tese. Ao Doutor Óscar Monroig por ter me recebido neste último ano de Doutorado no Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, CSIC, na Espanha. Agradeço por ter contribuído com uma grande parte deste trabalho, bem como todos os comentários e críticas construtivas aos trabalhos submetidos para publicação. Agradeço também aos amigos do AGE que tanto me ajudaram a aprender as técnicas da biologia molecular. Em especial, à Mónica Lopes-Marques por grande contribuição com a elaboração e análise de mapas de sintenia, ao André Machado por ter ii contribuído com as técnicas da bioinformática neste trabalho e ao André Modesto por ter executado o ensaio de crescimento. Também deixo aqui, um agradecimento especial a todos os amigos do LANUCE, onde foi minha casa de acolhimento no CIIMAR. Agradeço a todos amigos do Porto, todos os amigos da Residência Alberto Amaral, pela convivência durante todos esses anos, e a todos os familiares e amigos do Brasil que de alguma forma, ou de outra, me ajudaram a concluir essa tese. Por último, porém não menos importante, deixo meus agradecimentos às instituições que participaram deste projeto: o acolhimento do Doutorado pelo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto; ao Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) por ter sido minha instituição de acolhimento; ao Laboratório de Nutrição e Produção de Peixes Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV - Brasil), onde foi feito o ensaio de crescimento dos peixes, com orientação da Prof. Ana Lúcia Salaro; ao Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, CSIC, pelo acolhimento nesta intercâmbio no último ano sobre orientação do Dr. Óscar Monroig. E por fim, mais uma vez, ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), instituição financiadora deste projeto. A Deus, e a todos, meu muito obrigado por me ajudarem a vencer essa etapa! iii Index Financial support ............................................................................................................................ i Agradecimentos ..............................................................................................................................ii Index ................................................................................................................................................. iv List of figures ................................................................................................................................. vii List of tables ..................................................................................................................................... x Publication list ................................................................................................................................ xi List of acronyms ............................................................................................................................ xii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xiii Resumo ........................................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................. 1 General Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Aquaculture in Brazil ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Tambaqui: an omnivore freshwater fish ................................................................... 4 1.3. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in aquaculture .................. 6 1.4. Alternative source of oils in aquaculture ............................................................... 10 1.5. Genomics in nutrition and aquaculture .................................................................. 11 1.6. Molecular Resources in Tambaqui .......................................................................... 11 1.7. Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.8. References ..................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................... 25 A complete enzymatic capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is present in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.1. Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 26 2.2. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 26 2.3. Materials and methods ............................................................................................... 28 2.4. Results ............................................................................................................................ 32 2.5. Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 36 2.6. References ..................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter
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