DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ethiopian Red Terror Trials: Transitional Justice Chall

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ethiopian Red Terror Trials: Transitional Justice Chall 294 Book Reviews / International Criminal Law Review 10 (2010) 289–299 Kjetil Tronvoll, Charles Schaefer and Girmachew Alemu Aneme (eds.), Th e Ethiopian Red Terror Trials: Transitional Justice Challenged , Woodbridge, Suff olk; Rochester, NY, James Currey, 2009, ISBN-13: 978-1847013200, xv + 158pp. Th is edited volume is one of the very few academic reviews of the Ethiopian “Red Terror” trials that ran from 1995 to 2007. It analyses the trials established by the Government of Ethiopia to deal with the crimes and human rights abuses perpe- trated during the administration of Colonel Mengistu Haliemariam’s Marxist military Derg regime between 1974 and 1991. Suzannah Linton once noted that “[i]n historical context, the global record of accountability for atrocity has been abysmal, whether at domestic or international level.” 1 On this basis, one might reasonably presume that as one of the relatively few transitional states to embark on a process of comprehensive criminal accountability, the Ethiopian trials would attract much attention given that they make up a very sizeable proportion of the war crimes and genocide trials undertaken since the end of the Cold War. Regrettably, due to their questionable human rights record and the overshadow- ing eff ect in the African context of South Africa’s TRC and the ICTR, the Ethiopian trials have attracted little comprehensive academic analysis, though piecemeal studies exist. 2 As a result of its domestic nature and deprivations of defendants’ rights, there has been a lack of international interest in recording and observing the trials. Th is absence of systematic trial monitoring enjoyed by other international and domestic transitional trial processes perhaps best explains why this volume focuses less on the jurisprudence of the court than on the policy deci- sions taken in establishing and implementing the trials. As such, it takes a more interdisciplinary transitional justice approach that utilizes history, political sci- ence and anthropology as much as law than an outright examination of interna- tional criminal procedure or interpretation of substantive international criminal law. Nevertheless, the volume should prove of use to academics and practitioners in the narrower fi eld of international criminal justice, notwithstanding its limited treatment of substantive and procedural law. While much scholarship in the area revolves around legalistic and frequently abstruse analyses of how many joint criminal enterprise members can dance on the head of a pin to the exclusion of 1 ) Suzannah Linton, ‘Putting Th ings Into Perspective: Th e Realities of Accountability in East Timor, Indonesia and Cambodia’, 3 Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies (2005) 82. 2 ) Notable works include Dadimos Haile, Accountability for Crimes Past and the Challenges of Criminal Prosecution: Th e Case of Ethiopia (Leuven: Leauven University Press, 2000); Girmachew Alemu Aneme, ‘Apology and trials: Th e case of the Red Terror trials in Ethiopia’, 6 Africa Human Rights Journal (2006) 64; Jeremy Sarkin, ‘Transitional Justice and the Prosecution Model: Th e Experience of Ethiopia’, 3 Law, Democracy and Development (1999) 253; Hailemariam Yacob, ‘Th e Quest for Justice and Reconciliation: Th e International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Ethiopian High Court’, 22 Hastings International and Comparative Law Review (1999) 667. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 DOI 10.1163/157181210X492270 Book Reviews / International Criminal Law Review 10 (2010) 289–299 295 the social impact of trials, the volume takes us back to the principled questions of why international criminal justice is so relevant, how it interacts with the need for historical truth and fi nally the pitfalls that can occur. With the shift from the principle of primacy (the position that international crimes should be tried by international tribunals even where domestic courts function) to complementarity (where domestic prosecutions are a priori preferred, with international trials employed only where domestic courts are incapable or unwilling) and increased domestic participation seen most clearly in Articles 1, 3(3) and 4(2) of the Rome Statute, the volume provides a welcome reminder of the justifi cations for, and dangers of, deferring to national interests for these issues. In 1974, a revolution led by students, peasants and workers led to the break- down of the regime of Emperor Haile Selassie. In the vacuum created, a Marxist- leaning military junta (Derg) eventually led by the aforementioned Mengistu ended any pretence of constitutional rule and commenced seventeen years of repression. Th ey began with widespread arrests and executions of fi gures in the imperial regime, and then commenced attacks on their civilian and military dis- sidents. 3 What we know as the Red Terror was actually a phenomenon that lasted merely from 1976 to 1978. In this sense, “Th e Ethiopian Red Terror Trials” is the collective shorthand description of the trials that Ethiopians use, though it can be considered a misnomer given the wider span of the trials. Notoriously, families who could identify the bodies of their murdered sons and husbands were required to pay for the bullets used to kill them before they could be removed for burial. Th ere is no consensus on the number killed in the period of Derg rule overall. What is clear is that after the Red Terror, the population became quiescent, for- bidden to mourn and ready to accept anything. Abuses continued against rebel insurgencies, during wars with Ethiopia’s neighbours and against domestic dissi- dents until 1991. By 1991, it became apparent the regime would collapse in the face of advanc- ing regional resistance forces. Mengistu fl ed to Zimbabwe where he remains to this day, remains there despite an Ethiopian court verdict fi nding him guilty in absentia of genocide. A provisional Government was formed with Meles Zelawi, head of the EPRDF party (a coalition of Tigrayan, Oromo, Amharic and south- ern Ethiopian resistance groupings) as President. Arrests of thousands of military and civilian fi gures in the Derg regime followed. Th e Provisional Government of Ethiopia (a state which was one of the original signatories of the Nuremberg Charter) ratifi ed the ICCPR, ICESCR, Torture Convention and ACHPR, which were incorporated into domestic law and constitutionally bound the Government and courts. Signifi cantly, the SPO mandate did not extend to crimes committed by the victorious factions in the civil war. Th e contributors to this volume 3 ) Bahru Zewde, “Th e History of the Red Terror Trial: Contexts and Consequences”, pp. 17-32. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Red Terror NEVER AGAIN
    Praise for books by Nobel Peace Prize finalist R. J. Rummel "26th in a Random House poll on the best nonfiction book of the 20th Century" Random House (Modern Library) “. the most important . in the history of international relations.” John Norton Moore Professor of Law and Director, Center for National Security Law, former Chairman of the Board of Directors of the U. S. Institute of Peace “. among the most exciting . in years.” Jim Powell “. most comprehensive . I have ever encountered . illuminating . .” Storm Russell “One more home run . .” Bruce Russett, Professor of International Relations “. has profoundly affected my political and social views.” Lurner B Williams “. truly brilliant . ought to be mandatory reading.” Robert F. Turner, Professor of Law, former President of U.S. Institute of Peace ". highly recommend . ." Cutting Edge “We all walk a little taller by climbing on the shoulders of Rummel’s work.” Irving Louis Horowitz, Professor Of Sociology. ". everyone in leadership should read and understand . ." DivinePrinciple.com “. .exciting . pushes aside all the theories, propaganda, and wishful thinking . .” www.alphane.com “. world's foremost authority on the phenomenon of ‘democide.’” American Opinion Publishing “. excellent . .” Brian Carnell “. bound to be become a standard work . .” James Lee Ray, Professor of Political Science “. major intellectual accomplishment . .will be cited far into the next century” Jack Vincent, Professor of Political Science.” “. most important . required reading . .” thewizardofuz (Amazon.com) “. valuable perspective . .” R.W. Rasband “ . offers a desperately needed perspective . .” Andrew Johnstone “. eloquent . very important . .” Doug Vaughn “. should be required reading . .shocking and sobering . .” Sugi Sorensen NEVER AGAIN Book 4 Red Terror NEVER AGAIN R.J.
    [Show full text]
  • AXUM – Welcoming and Engaging Visitors – Design Report
    Pedro Guedes (2010) AXUM – Welcoming and engaging visitors – Design report CONTENTS: Design report 1 Appendix – A 25 Further thoughts on Interpretation Centres Appendix – B 27 Axum signage and paving Presented to Tigray Government and tourism commission officials and stakeholders in Axum in November 2009. NATURE OF SUBMISSION: Design Research This Design report records a creative design approach together with the development of original ideas resulting in an integrated proposal for presenting Axum’s rich tangible and intangible heritage to visitors to this important World Heritage Town. This innovative proposal seeks to use local resources and skills to create a distinct and memorable experience for visitors to Axum. It relies on engaging members of the local community to manage and ‘own’ the various ‘attractions’ for visitors, hopefully keeping a substantial proportion of earnings from tourism in the local community. The proposal combines attitudes to Design with fresh approaches to curatorship that can be applied to other sites. In this study, propositions are tested in several schemes relating to the design of ‘Interpretation centres’ and ideas for exhibits that would bring them to life and engage visitors. ABSTRACT: Axum, in the highlands of Ethiopia was the centre of an important trading empire, controlling the Red Sea and channeling exotic African merchandise into markets of the East and West. In the fourth century (AD), it became one of the first states to adopt Christianity as a state religion. Axum became the major religious centre for the Ethiopian Coptic Church. Axum’s most spectacular archaeological remains are the large carved monoliths – stelae that are concentrated in the Stelae Park opposite the Cathedral precinct.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethiopian State: Perennial Challenges in the Struggle for Development
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College International Studies Honors Projects International Studies Department 4-26-2016 The thiopiE an State: Perennial Challenges in the Struggle for Development Hawi Tilahune Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/intlstudies_honors Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tilahune, Hawi, "The thiopE ian State: Perennial Challenges in the Struggle for Development" (2016). International Studies Honors Projects. Paper 21. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/intlstudies_honors/21 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the International Studies Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Studies Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ethiopian State: Perennial Challenges in the Struggle for Development Hawi Tilahune Presented to the Department of International Studies, Macalester College. Faculty Advisors: Dr. Ahmed I. Samatar and Professor David Blaney 4/26/2016 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3 ABSTRACT 4 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 6 I. THE CHALLENGE 6 II. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7 III. MOTIVATION 8 IV. SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY 10 V. PREPARATION 10 VI. ORGANIZATION 12 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 15 I. THE STATE 15 II. NATIONHOOD AND NATIONALISM 30 III. WORLD ORDER 37 IV. DEVELOPMENT 43 CHAPTER III: BASIC INFORMATION 50 I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 50 II. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 51 III. SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY 51 IV. ECONOMY 52 CHAPTER IV: EMPEROR MENELIK II (1889-1913) 54 I. INTRODUCTION 54 II. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM IN THE HORN 55 III. TERRITORIAL AND CULTURAL EXPANSION 58 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistory Bronze Age Contacts with Egypt
    Prehistory It was not until 1963 that evidence of the presence of ancient hominids was discovered in Ethiopia, many years after similar such discoveries had been made in neighbouring Kenya and Tanzania. The discovery was made by Gerrard Dekker, a Dutch hydrologist, who found Acheulian stone tools that were over a million years old at Kella. Since then many important finds have propelled Ethiopia to the forefront of palaentology. The oldest hominid discovered to date in Ethiopia is the 4.2 million year old Ardipithicus ramidus (Ardi) found by Tim D. White in 1994. The most well known hominid discovery is Lucy, found in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar region in 1974 by Donald Johanson, and is one of the most complete and best preserved, adult Australopithecine fossils ever uncovered. Lucy's taxonomic name, Australopithecus afarensis, means 'southern ape of Afar', and refers to the Ethiopian region where the discovery was made. Lucy is estimated to have lived 3.2 million years ago. There have been many other notable fossil findings in the country. Near Gona stone tools were uncovered in 1992 that were 2.52 million years old, these are the oldest such tools ever discovered anywhere in the world. In 2010 fossilised animal bones, that were 3.4 million years old, were found with stone-tool-inflicted marks on them in the Lower Awash Valley by an international team, led by Shannon McPherron, which is the oldest evidence of stone tool use ever found anywhere in the world. East Africa, and more specifically the general area of Ethiopia, is widely considered the site of the emergence of early Homo sapiens in the Middle Paleolithic.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Research Online
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Durham Research Online Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 21 August 2015 Version of attached le: Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Wiebel, Jacob (2015) 'Let the Red Terror intensify : political violence, governance and society in urban Ethiopia, 197678.', International journal of African historical studies., 48 (1). pp. 13-30. Further information on publisher's website: http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/ijahs/browse/?journal=ijahs Publisher's copyright statement: Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 http://dro.dur.ac.uk “Let the Red Terror intensify”: Political violence, governance and society in urban Ethiopia, 1976-78 Jacob Wiebel (University of Durham) SUMMARY: From 1976 to 1978, urban Ethiopia was in the grip of rival campaigns of revolutionary violence. The period is now memorialised as one of unmitigated state terror.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle for the Battle of Adwa: Collective Identity and Nation- Building
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations and Theses City College of New York 2020 The Battle For The Battle of Adwa: Collective Identity and Nation- Building Joseph A. Steward CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/836 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Battle for The Battle of Adwa: Collective Identity and Nation-Building Joseph Steward May 2020 Master’s Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of International Affairs at the City College of New York COLIN POWELL SCHOOL FOR CIVIC AND GLOBAL LEADERSHIP Thesis Advisor: Professor Nicolas Rush Smith Second Reader: Professor Jean Krasno “I beg your majesty to defend me against everyone as I don’t know what European kings will say about this. Let others know that this region is ours.” - Emperor Menelik II Abstract On March 1st, 1896, an Ethiopian army lead by Emperor Menelik II dealt a shocking defeat to the invading Italian forces in the Battle of Adwa. In victory, Menelik was able to exert his authority over a vast territory which included both the historical, ancient kingdoms of the northern and central parts of Ethiopia, and also the vast, resource-rich territories in the west and south which he had earlier conquered. The egalitarian nature of the victory united the various peoples of Ethiopia against a common enemy, giving Menelik the opportunity to create a new Ethiopian nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Sally
    FINDING SALLY A FILM BY TAMARA DAWIT PRESS KIT CONTACT: Justine Pignato, Catbird Productions | 210b Avenue Mozart West, Montréal, QC, H2S 1C4 +1 514-419-8590 | [email protected] FINDING SALLY 2020 | Documentary | Canada | 78 minutes Original English and Amharic version, with English subtitles Written and Directed by Tamara Dawit Producer: Isabelle Couture | Executive Producer: Katarina Soukup, Catbird Films LOGLINE A personal investigation into the mysterious life of the director’s aunt Sally, an Ethiopian aristocrat-turned-communist-rebel who disappeared during the Ethiopian Revolution. SHORT SYNOPSIS Finding Sally tells the incredible story of a 23-year-old woman from an upper-class family who became a communist rebel with the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party. Idealistic and in love, Sally got caught up in her country’s revolutionary fervour and landed on the military government’s most wanted list. She went underground and her family never saw her again. Four decades after Sally’s disappearance, Tamara Dawit pieces together the mysterious life of her aunt Sally. She revisits the Ethiopian Revolution and the terrible massacre that followed, which resulted in nearly every Ethiopian family losing a loved one. Her quest leads her to question notions of belonging, personal convictions and political ideals at a time when Ethiopia is going through important political changes once again. LONG SYNOPSIS Sally was an aristocrat, a dignitary’s daughter, and an Embassy brat. Her father’s posting as an Ethiopian diplomat meant that the family lived in various countries before settling in Canada in 1968. Selamawit Dawit – Sally to her friends – went to Carleton University in Ottawa and was a bright, outgoing young student with many friends and hopeful suitors.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential for Democratization in Ethiopia
    University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) Spring 5-2-2021 Potential for Democratization in Ethiopia Abby Sonnier University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the African Studies Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Sonnier, Abby, "Potential for Democratization in Ethiopia" (2021). Honors Theses. 1902. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1902 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POTENTIAL FOR DEMOCRATIZATION OF ETHIOPIA by Abby Marie Sonnier A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2021 Approved by Advisor: Dr. William W. Berry Reader: Professor Wesley Yates Reader: Professor Mohammad Bashir Salau © 2021 Abby Marie Sonnier ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to everyone who got me through the two completely separate thesis ideas I pursued over the past year and a half. Thank you all for the long nights in the honors college, the pod market runs in the middle of the night, the ever-present listening ears, and constant support. iii ABSTRACT ABBY MARIE SONNIER: Potential for Democratization in Ethiopia (Under the direction of Dr. William W. Berry) The United States is losing the competition for global power to China, especially on the African continent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethiopian Red Terror.', in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 03 August 2017 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Wiebel, Jacob (2017) 'The Ethiopian Red Terror.', in Oxford research encyclopedia of African history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oxford research encyclopedias. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.188 Publisher's copyright statement: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk The Ethiopian Red Terror Dr Jacob Wiebel, University of Durham Used with permission of Oxford University Press Summary The Red Terror was a period of intense political and inter-communal violence in revolutionary Ethiopia during the late 1970s. This violence erupted two years after the revolution of 1974 and was concentrated in the cities and towns of Ethiopia, and particularly in Addis Ababa, Gondar, Mekele, Asmara, and Dessie. In the struggle over the direction and ownership of the revolution, opposition groups of the radical left violently opposed a military regime that itself came to embrace and promulgate Marxist-Leninist language and policies, and which heavily relied on the use of armed force to stifle dissent.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia
    Occasional Paper Series Number 28 Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia Assefa Fiseha Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia Assefa Fiseha © Forum of Federations, 2019 ISSN: 1922-558X (online ISSN 1922-5598) Occasional Paper Series Number 28 Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia By Assefa Fiseha For more information about the Forum of Federations and its publications, please visit our website: www.forumfed.org. Forum of Federations 75 Albert Street, Suite 411 Ottawa, Ontario (Canada) K1P 5E7 Tel: (613) 244-3360 Fax: (613) 244-3372 [email protected] 3 Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia Overview On March 13, 2014 Time published an article entitled ‘Forget the BRICS and meet PINES’, which reported on Ethiopia’s socio-economic progress. In the last decade, Ethiopia has shown a continuous 10 -11% annual economic growth, including improved access to education, health facilities and the massive expansion of road, rail and telecommunications infrastructure. Several hydroelectric dams are boosting its economy and it plans to be the energy giant of the Horn region, exporting electricity to neighbouring countries. This chapter tells the story of Ethiopia’s remarkable political transformation, which has underlay these successes but has important weaknesses as well. Ethiopia has enormous diversity and a long history of independence. However, the modern Ethiopian state emerged towards the end of the 19th century after Emperor Menlik II (1889-1913) incorporated under his control previously quasi-autonomous kingdoms in the South, the Southwest and the East.
    [Show full text]
  • LAND of ORIGINS: a GEMOLOGICAL EXPEDITION to ETHIOPIA Wim Vertriest, Daniel Girma, Patcharee Wongrawang, Ungkhana Atikarnsakul, and Kevin Schumacher
    FIELD REPORT LAND OF ORIGINS: A GEMOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ETHIOPIA Wim Vertriest, Daniel Girma, Patcharee Wongrawang, Ungkhana Atikarnsakul, and Kevin Schumacher Figure 1. The GIA field expedition team on the way to the Ethiopian opal mines near Wegel Tena. Photo by Wim Vertriest. lthough Ethiopia is considered the cradle of ket in the fall of 2016, GIA’s Carlsbad and Bangkok mankind and the land of origins, gemstones labs conducted a joint preliminary study (Renfro et neverA played a significant role in its long history and al., 2017). And in February 2017, GIA received news rich culture. Only in the last decade did Ethiopia of a sapphire discovery near Aksum in northern emerge in the gem trade, with the discovery of large Tigray Province (Vertriest et al., 2017). opal deposits near the town of Wegel Tena (Rondeau With all of this new material reaching the market, et al., 2010). When the first high-quality emeralds GIA collaborated with the Ethiopian Ministry of from Shakiso in southern Ethiopia reached the mar- Mines, Petroleum and Natural Gas in Addis Ababa to set up an expedition to the sapphire, opal, and emerald sources. In March 2018, a team of four GIA gemologists and videographers traveled to Ethiopia See end of article for About the Authors and Acknowledgments. to visit its gem sources. The first target was the sap- GEMS & GEMOLOGY, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 72–88, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.55.1.72 phire deposit in the north, followed by the opal © 2019 Gemological Institute of America mines in the central highlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Information Study Tour Ethiopia 2007
    Landscape Transformation and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia Background information for a study tour through Ethiopia, 4-20 September 2006 University of Bern Institute of Geography 2007 Cover photographs Left: Digging an irrigation channel near Lake Maybar to substitute missing rain in the drought of 1984/1985. Hans Hurni, 1985. Centre: View of the Simen Mountains from the lowlands in the Simen Mountains National Park. Gudrun Schwilch, 1994. Right: Extreme soil degradation in the Andit Tid area, a research site of the Soil Conservation Research Programme (SCRP). Hans Hurni, 1983. Landscape Transformation and Sustainable Development in Ethiopia Background information for a study tour through Ethiopia, 4-20 September 2006 University of Bern Institute of Geography 2007 3 Impressum © 2007 University of Bern, Institute of Geography, Centre for Development and Environment Concept: Hans Hurni Coordination and layout: Brigitte Portner Contributors: Alemayehu Assefa, Amare Bantider, Berhan Asmamew, Manuela Born, Antonia Eisenhut, Veronika Elgart, Elias Fekade, Franziska Grossenbacher, Christine Hauert, Karl Herweg, Hans Hurni, Kaspar Hurni, Daniel Loppacher, Sylvia Lörcher, Eva Ludi, Melese Tesfaye, Andreas Obrecht, Brigitte Portner, Eduardo Ronc, Lorenz Roten, Michael Rüegsegger, Stefan Salzmann, Solomon Hishe, Ivo Strahm, Andres Strebel, Gianreto Stuppani, Tadele Amare, Tewodros Assefa, Stefan Zingg. Citation: Hurni, H., Amare Bantider, Herweg, K., Portner, B. and H. Veit (eds.). 2007. Landscape Transformation ansd Sustainable Development in Ethiopia. Background information for a study tour through Ethiopia, 4-20 September 2006, compiled by the participants. Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, 321 pp. Available from: www.cde.unibe.ch. Centre for Development and Environment, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland.
    [Show full text]