DOCSLIB.ORG

BSI Standards Publication

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BSI Standards Publication BS EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020 BSI Standards Publication Electronic fee collection – Application interface definition for dedicated short-range communication BS EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020. It is identical to ISO 14906:2018, incorporating amendment 1:2020. It supersedes BS EN ISO 14906:2018, which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating. changes to ISO text carry the number of the ISO amendment. For example, text altered by ISO amendmentThe UK participation 1 is indicated in its by preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/278, Intelligent transport systems. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of© aThe contract. British Users Standards are responsible Institution for 2020 its correct application. PublishedISBN 978 0 by 539 BSI 04797 Standards 4 Limited 2020 ICS 35.240.60; 03.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Amendments/corrigendaStandards Policy and Strategy issued Committee since publication on 31 December 2018. Date TextImplementation affected of ISO amendment 1:2020 with CEN endorsement A1:2020 31 May 2020 BS EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 14906:2018+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2020 ICS 35.240.60; 03.220.20 English Version Electronic fee collection - Application interface definition for dedicated short-range communication (ISO 14906:2018) Perception du télépéage - Définition de l'interface Elektronische Gebührenerhebung - d'application relative aux communications dédiées à Anwendungsschnittstelle zur dezidierten Nahbereich- courte portée (ISO 14906:2018) Kommunikation (ISO 14906:2018) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 September 2018. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels © 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14906:2018/A1:2020 E worldwide for CEN national Members. BS EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020 EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020 (E) European foreword This document (EN ISO 14906:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204 "Intelligent transport systems" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent transport systems” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2019. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 14906:2011. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14906:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14906:2018 without any modification. Foreword to amendment A1 This document (EN ISO 14906:2018/A1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204 "Intelligent transport systems" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Intelligent transport systems” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Amendment to the European Standard EN ISO 14906:2018 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2020. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14906:2018/Amd 1:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14906:2018/A1:2020 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020 ISO 14906:2018+A1:2020(E) Contents Page Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi Introduction to Amendment A1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................viii 1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4 Abbreviated terms .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 5 EFC application interface architecture .......................................................................................................................................... 5 ................................................................................................. 5 ............................................................ 5.1 Relation to the DSRC communication ...................................................................................................................................................... architecture 5.2 Usage of DSRC application ............................................................................................................................................................. layer by the EFC application interface 7 5.3 Addressing5.3.2 Role of of EFC the attributes EID ................................................................................................................................................................... 78 5.3.1 Basic mechanism ......................................................................................................................... 78 5.4 Addressing of components ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 5.3.3 Multiple
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Introduction Agata Godula-Jopek
    1 1 Introduction Agata Godula-Jopek We find ourselves on the cusp of a new epoch in history, where every pos- sibility is still an option. Hydrogen, the very stuff of the stars and our own sun, is now being seized by human ingenuity and harnessed for human ends. Charting the right course at the very beginning of the journey is essential if we are to make the great promise of a hydrogen age a viable reality for our children and a worthy legacy for the generations that will come after us. Jeremy Rifkin [1]. Hydrogen is being considered as an important future energy carrier, which means it can store and deliver energy in a usable form. At standard temperature and pressure (0 ∘C and 1013 hPa), hydrogen exists in a gaseous form. It is odourless, colourless, tasteless, non-toxic and lighter than air. The stoichiometric fraction of hydrogen in air is 29.53 vol%. Abundant on earth as an element, hydrogen is present everywhere, being the simplest element in the universe representing 75 wt% or 90 vol% of all matter. As an energy carrier, hydrogen is not an energy source itself; it can only be produced from other sources of energy, such as fossil fuels, renewable sources or nuclear power by different energy conversion processes. Exothermic combustion reaction with oxygen forms water (heat of combustion 1.4 × 108 Jkg−1) and no greenhouse gases containing carbon are emitted to the atmosphere. Selected physical properties of hydrogen based on Van Nostrand are presented in Table 1.1 [2]. The energy content of hydrogen is 33.3 kWh kg−1, corresponding to 120 MJ kg−1 (lower heating value, LHV), and 39.4 kWh kg−1, corresponding to 142 MJ kg−1 (upper heating value, UHV).
    [Show full text]
  • Biofuel Technology Handbook
    BioFuel Technology Handbook 2007 Dominik Rutz Rainer Janssen This handbook is WIP Renewable Energies published by: Sylvensteinstr. 2 81369 München Germany www.wip-munich.de [email protected] Copyright: © WIP Renewable Energies Autors: Dipl.-Ing. Dominik Rutz M.Sc. Dr. Rainer Janssen Version: 1. Version, February 2007 Project: Biofuel Marketplace www.biofuelmarketplace.com With the support of: Contract No. EIE/05/022/SI2.420009 Content Content 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 9 PART A: COMMON ASPECTS OF BIOFUELS..........................11 2. Potential of Biomass ...............................................................................12 3. Biofuel Policies........................................................................................16 3.1. Biofuel Policy in the EU................................................................................................... 16 3.2. Biofuel Standardization.................................................................................................... 18 3.3. International Trade of Biofuels........................................................................................ 19 3.3.1 Trade of Biodiesel and Related Products................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 Trade of Bioethanol ................................................................................................................... 20 4. Biofuel Life Cycle ...................................................................................23
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Hydrogen Opportunities in Manitoba’S Transportation Sector August 2002
    An Assessment of Global Hydrogen Transportation Technologies and Implications for Manitoba’s Transportation Sector Transportation: Vehicles and Refueling Working Group Prepared for: Province of Manitoba Transportation & Government Services Written by: Doug Duncan, Strategy & Business Development Advisor Connie van Rosmalen, Research Associate The Transport Institute August 2002 Assessment of Hydrogen Opportunities in Manitoba’s Transportation Sector August 2002 Acknowledgements The contributions of Natural Resources Canada to this study are gratefully acknowledged. This report has been financially supported by the Manitoba Department of Transportation and Government Services. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the Department. The Department provides no warranties as to the validity or accuracy of the information presented herein. 2 Assessment of Hydrogen Opportunities in Manitoba’s Transportation Sector August 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................5 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................7 2.0 MARKET DRIVERS BEHIND HYDROGEN VEHICLES ................................8 3.0 GLOBAL FUEL CELL INDUSTRY STATUS................................................11 3.1 THE PLAYERS ..............................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • CNG Or Compressed Natural
    (F)1736 29 March 2018 Study on the cost-effectiveness of natural gas (CNG or compressed natural gas) used as fuel in cars Article 15/14, §2, subparagraph 2, 2° indent, of Law of 12 April 1965 on the transport of gas products and others by pipelines Non-confidential CREG – rue de l’Industrie 26-38, 1040 Brussels, Belgium T +32 2 289 76 11 – F + 32 2 289 76 09 – [email protected] – www.creg.be TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1. CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.1. AVAILABILITY ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. USES AND NAMES .................................................................................................................... 6 1.3. ENVIRONMENT AND PHYSICS ................................................................................................. 7 1.4. CNG VS LPG & LNG .................................................................................................................. 7 1.5. FOSSIL
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiesel Production from Wastes: Process Development and Quality Control
    Biodiesel Production from Wastes: Process Development and Quality Control Joana Maia Moreira Dias 2010 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTES: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL Porto, August 2010 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTES: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL Dissertation presented by JOANA MAIA MOREIRA DIAS for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING to the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto Thesis supervised by Professor Maria da Conceição Machado Alvim Ferraz (Chemical Engineering Department) Professor Manuel Afonso Magalhães Fonseca Almeida (Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department) To my family and friends, for always believing in me ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks to my Supervisor Maria da Conceição Machado Alvim Ferraz and my Co- supervisor Manuel Afonso Magalhães Fonseca Almeida for making this study possible, providing scientific and technical support in all phases of the work and specially for personal support always believing in my capacities, being present at all times and giving me the needed strength to carry on when difficulties appeared. Thanks to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Grant SFRD/BD/22293/2005) and Project QREN 3491: Fat-Value -Valorização de Subprodutos de Carne, for financial support of the work. I would also like to thank to the Chemical Engineering Department, namely to the Laboratory for Process, Environmental and Energy Engineering, and to the Metallurgical and Materials Engineer- ing department for providing the resources needed to perform the work. Also, thanks to all the professors that kindly provided help during the work, namely Maria do Carmo Pereira, Fernando Gomes Martins, Arminda Alves, Margarida Bastos and Lúcia Santos from FEUP and Beatriz Oliveira and Susana Casal from the Pharmacy Faculty of Oporto University.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Electrode Architectures for Miniaturized Biofuel Cells Aleksandar Karajic
    Development of electrode architectures for miniaturized biofuel cells Aleksandar Karajic To cite this version: Aleksandar Karajic. Development of electrode architectures for miniaturized biofuel cells. Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]. Université de Bordeaux, 2015. English. NNT : 2015BORD0305. tel- 01424143 HAL Id: tel-01424143 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01424143 Submitted on 2 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE A L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES CHIMIQUES Par Aleksandar Karajić POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR SPÉCIALITÉ : Chimie-Physique Development of electrode architectures for miniaturized biofuel cells Directeurs de thèse : Prof. Alexander Kuhn et Dr. Nicolas Mano Soutenue le : 15.12.2015. Devant la commission d’examen formée de : M. BARTLETT N. Philip Professeur, Université de Southampton Rapporteur M. WALCARIUS Alain Directeur de recherche, CNRS, Nancy Rapporteur M. MIHI Agustín Chercheur, Université de Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Examinateur M. RAVAINE Serge Professeur, Université de Bordeaux Examinateur M. KUHN Alexander Professeur, INP - Bordeaux Directeur de thèse M. MANO Nicolas Directeur de recherche, CNRS, Bordeaux Co- directeur de thèse Acknowledgements This work has been done in the laboratories of Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM) and Research Center Paule Pascal (CRPP) at the University of Bordeaux.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of an Innovative Natural Gas Two-Stroke Engine
    INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CONFERENCE - DESIGN 2016 Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 16 - 19, 2016. DESIGN OF AN INNOVATIVE NATURAL GAS TWO-STROKE ENGINE P. Diwisch, C. Dinkel, F. Rieg and B. Alber-Laukant Keywords: split-single two-stroke engine, CFD, FEM, simulation, exhaust emission 1. Introduction High-speed two-stroke engines in the field of small hand-operated devices, Jet Skis, snowmobiles, motorboats and ultralight aircrafts have a large market share. In Asia, two-stroke engines are predominantly applied in motorcycles [Meinig 2001]. Due to rising demand on exhaust emissions, two- stroke engines are less and less employed despite considerable advantages. In contrast to four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines fire at each crankshaft revolution. Thus, besides a more even progression of torque a bisection of the mean effective pressure is achieved. As a result, higher power density as well as minor construction volume can be obtained. Concerning the prospective usage of two-stroke engines the progress in adherence to emission standards will be decisive. This would also enable the development of further areas of application. Hence, possible applications of two-stroke engines include the usage as a range extender in electric vehicles to increase their range and customer acceptance as well as the usage in combined heat and power stations (CHP). Therefore, the Chair for Engineering Design and CAD, under the direction of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rieg at the University of Bayreuth, focuses on the constructive improvement of scavenging caused fuel consumption and thus hydrocarbon exhaust emissions concerning two-stroke engines. The realization consists of two phases. During the first stage the selection of a suitable concept for a two-stroke engine takes place.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview on Detailed Information for Each of the 9 Topics
    European Biofuels Technology Platform – Support for Advanced Biofuels Stakeholders Overview on detailed information for each of the 9 topics Deliverable Number: D.2.5 Due date: 31/08/2016 Actual submission date: 31/08/2016 Work package: 2. Biofuels sector monitoring Task(s): 2.3. Production of detailed information Lead beneficiary for this deliverable: BE2020 Editor: Authors: Dina Bacovsky, Stephanie Holzleitner, Monika Enigl Dissemination level Grant Agreement no.: FP7-609607 Call identifier: FP7-ENERGY-2013-IRP Information submitted on behalf of EBTP-SABS Birger Kerckow - Coordinator- Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (FNR) [email protected] Tel.: +49 (0) 3843 – 69 30 – 125 Fax: +49 (0) 3843 – 69 30 – 102 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 609607 European Biofuels Technology Platform – Support for Advanced Biofuels Stakeholders Deliverable D.2.5 Overview on detailed information for each of the 9 topics FINAL I PROJECT PARTNERS FNR – Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V., Germany CPL – CPL Scientific Publishing Services Ltd, UK BE2020 – BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Austria INCE – CEI – Iniziativa Centro Europea, Italy II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This deliverable displays the detailed information available on biofuels at the EBTP website as per 25 July 2016. The topics addressed are biomass resources, fuel production, fuels, fuel end-use, markets/policies/regulations, and sustainability. Biomass feedstocks used for the production of biofuels include dedicated feedstocks such as sugar and starch crops, oil crops, lignocellulosic crops, algae and aquatic biomass, residues, such as forestry residues, agricultural residues, waste oils and fats, MSW, other organic residues and waste gases.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Patented Apr
    3,376,266? United States Patent Patented Apr. 2, 1968 1 2 is a bivalent radical resulting from the addition of a hy 3,376,266 drogen atom to the nitrogen atom of each of the iso POLYURETHANES PRGDUCED FROM LZ-DIVINYL ETHYLENE GLYCOL cyanate groups of an arylene diisocyanate; ml is an integer Erhard F. Hoegger and James Herbert Werntz, Wilming greater than zero; n is an integer including zero; and the ton, Dei., assignors to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and ~—O-—G-—O—— radicals being 80 to 100 percent of the Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware total of the —O—G—-O— and —O—~B-O— radicals N0 Drawing. Filed Mar. 2, 1964, Ser. No. 348,752 present in said polyurethanes. 5 Claims. (Cl. 260-775) The preparation of these polyurethanes comprises re acting 1,2-divinyl ethylene glycol and a saturated ‘ali 10 phatic glycol with a substantially equimolar amount of ABSTRACT 0F THE DISCLQSURE an arylene diisocyanate, wherein the said 1,2~divinyl Tough, ?lm-forming polyurethanes produced from 1,2 ethylene glycol is 80-100 molar percent of the total gly divinyl ethylene glycol, and optionally a saturated ali col being reacted. However, the preparation may be phatic glycol, and arylene diisocyanates. The process of carried out by any one of several process variations: (a) preparing the above polymers by reacting the monomers glycol(s), alone or in solution, may be added to the di at a temperature between 0° C. and 100° C. for a time isocyanate solution; (b) glycol(s) and diisocyanate can su?icient to obtain a polymer of ?lm-forming molecular be added simultaneously to a solvent; (c) both the weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Published Hydrogen Vehicle Safety Research
    DOT HS 811 267 February 2010 Analysis of Published Hydrogen Vehicle Safety Research DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade names, manufacturers’ names, or specific products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 811 267 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Analysis of Published Hydrogen Vehicle Safety Research February 2010 6. Performing Organization Code NHTSA/NVS-312 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report Stephanie Flamberg, Susan Rose, Denny Stephens – Battelle Memorial Institute No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Battelle Memorial Institute 11. Contract or Grant No. 505 King Avenue DTNH22-08-D-00080 Columbus, Ohio 43201 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Covered 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. Final Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Hydrogen-fueled vehicles (HFVs) offer the promise of providing safe, clean, and efficient transportation in a setting of rising fuel prices and tightening environmental regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Unregulated Pollutants from Alcohol-Fuelled Vehicles
    Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The IEA-AMF Organization is grateful to the following countries and their representatives for their support in providing research to develop this report: Finland – Päivi Aakko-Saksa, Timo Murtonen, Piritta Roslund, Päivi Koponen and Jukka Nuottimäki, VTT; Panu Karjalainen, Topi Rönkkö, TUT; Hilkka Timonen, Sanna Saarikoski, Risto Hillamo, FMI; Canada – Jill Hendren and Debbie Rosenblatt (Environment and Climate Change Canada) and Natural Resources Canada (PERD) and Transport Canada (eTV); China – Zhang Fan and Tian Donglian (China Automotive Technology & Research Center); Sweden —Peter Ahlvik and Lars Eriksson (Ecotraffic on contract from the Swedish Transport Administration); Israel –Gideon Goldwine (Technion), Eran Sher (Technion), JRC VELA lab staff, Dr. Bracha Halaf (Ministry of Energy and Water Resources); Contents Contents Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................... 1 1.1 Project background................................................................ 1 1.2 Main research content and report structure ............................. 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review of Unregulated Pollutants Emissions ... 6 2.1 Pollutants characteristics from vehicle exhaust emissions ....... 6 2.2 Previous research on unregulated emissions in vehicle exhaust ............................................................................... 11 Chapter 3 Test Matrix and Analysis Methods ................................. 27 3.1 Canada ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheets on Alternative Fuels in Member States
    Clean Transport - Support to the Member States for the implementation of the Directive on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Fact Sheets on Alternative Fuels in Member States Fact Sheets on Alternative Fuels in Member States This document has been prepared for the European Commission. However, it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Prepared by: D’Appolonia S.p.A. Ramboll TM Leuven January 2016 - 2 Fact Sheets on Alternative Fuels in Member States January 2016 - 3 Fact Sheets on Alternative Fuels in Member States Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 11 2 AUSTRIA ..................................................................................................... 16 2.1 STATISTICAL DATA ............................................................................... 16 2.2 ELECTRICITY ........................................................................................ 18 2.3 HYDROGEN .......................................................................................... 18 2.4 CNG .................................................................................................... 18 2.5 LNG FOR ROAD TRANSPORT ................................................................... 18 2.6 LNG FOR WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ....................................................... 18 2.7 LPG (LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) ........................................................
    [Show full text]