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Identificación De Macroinvertebrados Fósiles De La Cuesta Santo Domingo, Formación Santo Domingo, Mioceno Inferior, Chile

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Identificación De Macroinvertebrados Fósiles De La Cuesta Santo Domingo, Formación Santo Domingo, Mioceno Inferior, Chile Profesor Patrocinante: Dr. Sven N. Nielsen Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias – Universidad Austral de Chile IDENTIFICACIÓN DE MACROINVERTEBRADOS FÓSILES DE LA CUESTA SANTO DOMINGO, FORMACIÓN SANTO DOMINGO, MIOCENO INFERIOR, CHILE. Tesis de Grado presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al grado de Licenciado en Biología Marina y Título Profesional de Biólogo Marino. FRANCISCA BELÉN FLORES NASS VALDIVIA - CHILE 2014 Edificio Escuelas Facultad de Ciencias · Campus Isla Teja· Valdivia · Chile Casilla 567 · Fono-Fax: 56 63 221581 · email:[email protected] · www.uach.cl I ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ......................................................................................................... II ÍNDICE DE TABLAS .......................................................................................................... III ÍNDICE DE LÁMINAS ....................................................................................................... IV RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................. 1 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 2 1-. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................ 3 1.1-. MIOCENO MARINO DEL CENTRO Y SUR DE CHILE ....................................... 3 1.2-. FORMACIÓN SANTO DOMINGO ......................................................................... 5 1.2.1-. Sedimentología .................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2-. Microfauna ........................................................................................................... 7 1.2.3-. Macrofauna .......................................................................................................... 8 1.2.4-. Icnofósiles ............................................................................................................ 8 1.2.5-. Paleoflora ............................................................................................................. 9 1.3-. HIPÓTESIS ................................................................................................................ 9 1.4-. OBJETIVO ................................................................................................................. 9 1.4.1-. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................ 10 2-. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ....................................................................................... 10 2.1-. ÁREA DE MUESTREO .......................................................................................... 10 2.2-. METODOLOGÍA ..................................................................................................... 10 3.- RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................... 11 3.1.- SISTEMÁTICA PALEONTOLÓGICA .................................................................. 11 4-. DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................................................... 24 5-. CONCLUSIONES .......................................................................................................... 27 6-. BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................. 28 7-. ANEXOS ......................................................................................................................... 34 7.1-. FIGURAS ................................................................................................................. 34 7.2-. TABLAS ................................................................................................................... 38 7.3-. LÁMINAS ................................................................................................................ 43 II ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Columna estratigráfica definida por Pino y Beltrán (1979) en un área cercana al sitio del presente estudio dentro de la Cuesta Santo Domingo. En azul, se muestra la posición los niveles desde los cuales se extrajo sedimento para su análisis......................... 34 Figura 2. Ubicación del área de estudio. El punto marca la ubicación de Valdivia, mientras que la estrella señala el lugar de la Cuesta Santo Domingo. ................................................ 35 Figura 3. Posición de los 6 niveles de muestro en la columna de estudio. ........................... 36 Figura 4. Período Neógeno dividido en época y edades....................................................... 37 III ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Lista de macroinvertebrados descritos para la Formación Santo Domingo de acuerdo con d´Orbigny (1847), Phillipi (1887), Illies (1970), Chirino-Gálvez (1985), Covacevich et al. (1992), Kutscher et al. (2004), Nielsen (2005a) y Feldmann et al. (2010). Se mantienen las denominaciones originales de estos autores, a excepción de los taxones encontrados en este trabajo. *especies encontradas en la Cuesta Santo Domingo............... 38 Tabla 2. Lista de las especies identificadas en la Cuesta Santo Domingo que también se encuentran en otras formaciones miocénicas: Navidad, Ranquil y Lacui. Tener en cuenta las siguientes especificaciones: X₁, Perissodonta chilensis; X₂, Exilia alanbeui; X₃, géneros de la familia Olividae; X₄, géneros de familia Turridae; X₅, genero Limopsis; X₆, Nucula sp.; X₇, especies del orden Brachyura. ................................................................................. 41 Tabla 3. Total de ejemplares encontrados en cada uno de los niveles trabajados. *solo fragmentos de organismos. ................................................................................................... 42 IV ÍNDICE DE LÁMINAS Lámina 1. A-F, Gastrópodos fósiles encontrados en la Cuesta Santo Domingo. A, vista dorsal de cf. Exilia sp. B, vista vental de cf. Exilia sp. C, vista vental Gemmula sp. D-F, Incatella trilirata. La barra representa 5 mm de largo. ........................................................ 43 Lámina 2. A-E, Gastrópodos fósiles encontrados en la Cuesta Santo Domingo. A, vista ventral Turridae indet. B-C, vistas ventrales y dorsales de dos ejemplares de Olividae indet. D-E, vistas ventrales de los dos ejemplares de cf. Cosmasyrinx sp. La barra representa 5 mm de largo. ...................................................................................................................... 44 Lámina 3. A-E, Bivalvos fósiles encontrados en la Cuesta Santo Domingo. A, vista externa e interna de valva izquierda de Limopsis araucana. B, vista interna de valva incompleta de Limopsis araucana. D, valva parcial de Nucula valdiviana. La barra representa 5 mm de largo. ..................................................................................................................................... 45 Lámina 4. A-F, Fósiles encontrados en la Cuesta Santo Domingo. A, vista de Perissodonta sp. B, C, D, fragmentos de concha de Dentalium cf. sulcosum. E, ambulacros petaloídeos de cf. Brissopsis valdivianus. F, fragmento de dáctilo de Brachyura indeterminada. Las barras representan 1 mm de largo. ........................................................................................ 46 1 RESUMEN La Formación Santo Domingo (Mioceno inferior) aflora en diferentes localidades desde el área de Temuco (~38°S) hasta la zona norte de la Isla de Chiloé (~42°S), presentando sucesiones compuestas principalmente por areniscas, limolitas y limolitas arenosas con abundante material invertebrado fósil, siendo Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Crustacea y Echinoidea los taxones más comúnmente encontrados en estos sedimentos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal la identificación de marcoinvertebrados desde la Cuesta Santo Domingo (39°56’S-73°6’O), ubicada a unos 20 km al sureste de la ciudad de Valdivia. Se extrajo sedimento de una sección de 7 m de potencia, adyacente a la carretera que une las ciudades de Valdivia y Paillaco, la cual fue dividida en seis niveles de muestreo. Los sedimentos extraídos fueron disgregados de manera manual y posteriormente tamizados con un tamiz de 2 mm de abertura, colectándose así un total de 170 ejemplares de macroinvertebrados. Se identificaron cinco familias de gastrópodos: Turritellidae, Struthiolariidae, Ptychatractidae, Olividae y Turridae; dos familias de bivalvos: Nuculidae y Limopsidae; una familia de scaphopoda: Dentaliidae; una familia de echinoidea: Brissidae; y el infraorden Brachuyra perteneciente a los decápodos. Las especies más abundantes fueron Incatella trilirata y Limopsis araucana, ambas encontradas en todos los niveles de muestreo. 2 SUMMARY The Santo Domingo Formation (lower Miocene) crops out in many localities from the Temuco area (~38°S) to the north of Chiloe Island (~42°S), presenting sequences composed mainly of sandstones, siltstones and sandy siltstones with abundant invertebrate fossil, being Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Echinoidea and Crustacea the taxa most commonly found in these sediments. The present paper has as main objective the identification of macroinvertebrates from Cuesta Santo Domingo (39°56’S-73°6’W), located 20 km southeast of Valdivia. Sediments was extracted from a 7 m high section right next to the road that link the cities of Valdivia y Paillaco, which was divided into six sampling
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