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New Mollusks from the Lower Middle Eocene Llajas Formation, Southern California

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New Mollusks from the Lower Middle Eocene Llajas Formation, Southern California . Natural History MubOijui —-r- ^ , , 4 , ^c^uxVvSLA l^^U Of Los Angeles County C V ISYgrteferate Paleontology JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, V. 57, NO. 2, p. 354-362, 2 FIGS., MARCH 1983 NEW MOLLUSKS FROM THE LOWER MIDDLE EOCENE LLAJAS FORMATION, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RICHARD L. SQUIRES Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge 91330 ABSTRACT—Five new mollusks are described from shallow-marine deposits of the lower middle Eocene Llajas Formation, northeastern Simi Valley, southern California. Most of the mollusks are confined to a 1-m-thick bed informally known as the "Stewart bed" and are part of an Eocernina- Turritella-Crassatella community. Cymatium (Septa) janetae n. sp. is at present the earliest species worldwide referable to Septa. Ranella katherineae n. sp. is one of the earliest West Coast species of Ranella s.s. A new species of Clavilithes occurs with C. tabulatus (Dickerson); C. tabulatus was previously regarded as being of early Eocene age only. Pinna llajasensis n. sp. is conspecific with Pinna n. sp. Vokes from the middle Eocene Domengine Formation of central California. A partial phragmocone of a spiruli- morph sepiid, family indeterminate, is the first record of a sepiid in the Eocene of western North America. INTRODUCTION phologic features are well preserved (Squires, THE new mollusks reported in this study were 1981). Such fossils constitute a residual (or collected from the lower middle Eocene Lla- winnowed) community as defined by Fager- jas Formation, southwestern Santa Susana strom (1964). Mountains, northeastern corner of Simi Val- Including the new mollusks, the "Stewart ley, southern California (Figure 1). They are bed" megafaunal species consist of 29 gas- predominantly confined to a 1-m-thick sand- tropods, 15' bivalves, and 1 species each of stone bed that occurs near the middle of the nautiloid, scaphopod, discocylinid, brachio- 545-m-thick Llajas Formation. This bed, pod, solitary scleractinian coral, shark tooth, which crops out between Chivo and Devil and spatangoid. In addition there are bryo- Canyons (Squires, 1981), has been informally zoan, brachyuran, sepiid, and terrestrial plant called the "Stewart bed" since the 1930's in remains. Common to abundant taxa are the honor of Ralph Stewart, who collected there gastropods Eocernina hannibali, Turritella and described some new species of mollusks andersoni lawsoni, Pachycrommium clarki, (Stewart, 1927, 1930). the bivalves Crassatella uvasana, Venericar- Other workers who named new molluscan dia (Pacificor) calafia, and the solitary scler- taxa from the Llajas Formation are Waring actinian ITrochocyathus striatus (in part, (1914, 1917), Schenck (1926), Clark (1934, Squires, 1979). 1942), Merriam and Turner (1937), Vokes New mollusk species described here in- (1937, 1939), Bentson (1940), Merriam clude 2 cymatiid gastropods, a fasciolarid (1941), and Sutherland (1966). gastropod, a pinnid bivalve, and a spirulio- The Llajas Formation represents a transi- morph sepiid. All are from the middle por- tional coastal alluvial fan to marine sequence tion of the Llajas Formation. The middle and (Squires, 1981). The new mollusks occur upper portions of the formation are equiva- «? within a transgressive shallow-marine facies lent to the Pacific Coast megainvertebrate that makes up most of the middle part of the provincial "Domengine Stage" of early mid- ^ formation. The "Stewart bed" occurs where dle Eocene age (Squires, 1981). Such an age this shallow-marine facies grades into bio- asignment is supported by studies of the cal- turbated and finer-grained deposits of the careous nannofossil assemblages, currently outer shelf to slope facies. Fossils in the being undertaken by M. V. Filewicz and M. "Stewart bed" include articulated valves and E. Hill, III, of Union Oil, California. The nearly complete growth series; delicate mor- lower portion of the formation is either latest Copyright © 1983, The Society of Economic 0022-3360/83/005 7-0354S03.00 Paleontologists and Mineralogists and 354 The Paleontological Society EOCENE MOLLUSKS OF CALIFORNIA 355 CYMATIUM (SEPTA) JANETAE n. sp. Figure 2A-D Diagnosis.— A Septa with fine cancellate interstitial sculpture. Description. — Medium shell with spire about 30 percent of the height. Suture mod- erately impressed and undulating. Basal part of protoconch smooth, with rounded whorls and fairly shallow sutures. Upper spire whorls rounded, body whorl angulate. Varices reg- ularly spaced about % of a whorl apart, aligned in alternate whorls. Pre-antepenultimate whorl with 20 colla- bral costae and 4 to 5 primary spiral cords, 2 to 3 secondary spiral cords in interspaces. FIGURE 7 —Index map to California State Uni- Primary spiral cords noded where they in- versity, Northridge (CSUN) collecting localities, tersect collabral costae, producing a regularly Llajas Formation, southwestern Santa Susana beaded sculpture; earlier whorls also beaded. Mountains, California. Antepenultimate and penultimate whorls with 12 collabral costae and 4 to 6 primary spiral cords. Body whorl with 9 collabral costae and early Eocene or earliest middle Eocene in age 8 primary spiral cords. Adult whorls noded (Squires, 1981; Filewicz and Hill, personal where primary cords intersect collabral cos- commun.). tae; nodes swollen, pointed, and separated by The type specimens are deposited in the wide interspaces. On adult whorls, inter- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) spaces between primary spiral cords with 4 Department of Earth and Space Sciences pa- to 6 secondary cords alternating with tertiary leontology collections. cords. Body and penultimate whorls with 7 collabral costae between each varix. Neck area SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY with 5 primary spiral cords, 2 to 3 secondary Class GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1797 cords in interspaces. Shell surface covered by Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA fine growth lines and secondary spiral cords, Milne Edwards, 1848 producing intricate cancellate pattern. Order MESOGASTROPODA Thiele, 1925 Aperture ovate with outer lip varicose. Family CYMATIIDAE Iredale, 1913 Outer face of outer lip flattened with 8 teeth Genus CYMATIUM Roding, 1798 on the interior; posterior-most tooth larger Type species. — By subsequent designation than the others. Inner lip calloused, orna- (Dall, 1904) Murex femorale Linne, 1758. mented with 11 to 12 narrow, well raised, weakly anastomosing plicae. Parietal callus Subgenus SEPTA Perry, 1810 extends onto body whorl; a parietal tooth op- Type species. — By monotypy, Septa scar- posite the enlarged posterior-most tooth of latina Perry, 1810 (=Murex rubecula Linne, outer lip. Short anterior canal incomplete, 1758). slightly twisted. Diagnosis.— Ovate-fusiform shell of mod- Comparison.— The new species is most erate size with impressed sutures, tall, coni- similar to Cymatium etheringtoni Weaver cal, smooth protoconch, and prominent, (1943, p. 413-414, PI. 82, figs. 2, 3, 10) from widely spaced, discontinuous varices. Whorls the upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation of sculptured by numerous beaded spiral cords Washington and Oregon. C. (S.) janetae dif- and collabral costae; spiral cords at least of fers from the holotype of C. etheringtoni in two sizes. Outer lip thickened and denticu- the following features: a more elongate shape, late. Inner lip calloused and plicate. Anal ca- a more elongate aperture, one less tooth in- nal obsolete. Siphonal canal moderately short, side the outer lip, a thicker and more exten- recurved. sive parietal callus with actual plicae rather 356 RICHARD L. SQUIRES EOCENE MOLLUSKS OF CALIFORNIA 357 than just extensions of the primary spiral dle Eocene and is the oldest known species cords, lower primary spiral cords, flatter sides referrable to the subgenus Septa (Beu, per- on the body whorl, and one more collabral sonal commun.). costa between each varix on the body and Material.—One nearly complete adult penultimate whorls. C. (S.) janetae has also specimen (holotype), 5 partial adult speci- a beaded upper spire, 3 more collabral costae mens, 2 internal molds of partial adult spec- and 1 more primary spiral cord on the an- imens, 1 external mold of a partial adult spec- tepenultimate and penultimate whorls, and a imen, and 32 juvenile specimens. parietal tooth rather than an extension of a Types.-Holotype, UCLA 59191, CSUN primary spiral cord. It has finer and more locality 444, height 45 mm, specimen some- numerous, more intricately cancellate inter- what laterally compressed. Paratype, UCLA stitial sculpture than that of C. etheringtoni. 59192, CSUN locality 445, height 30 mm. Vokes (1939, p. 146) identified a few frag- Paratype, UCLA 59193, CSUN locality 371, mentary and poorly preserved shells from height 9 mm. various middle Eocene formations in Cali- Occurrence.—All the adult specimens were fornia as Cymatium (Lampusia) n. sp. Some obtained from the Llajas Formation from the of this material reportedly was from the Lla- 1 -m-thick "Stewart bed" approximately 340 jas Formation (at a locality equivalent to m above its base, at or near CSUN localities CSUN 374) but has since been lost. The type 374, 444, and 445. Three of the specimens specimen of C. (L.) n. sp. of Yokes consists (UCLA 59173, UCLA locality 2312 = CSUN of only the upper spire. C. (S.) janetae differs locality 374) were borrowed from UCLA. from it in having only half the number of Most of the juveniles came from the Llajas noded collabral costae between equivalent Formation, CSUN locality 371. Additional varices, more swollen and more elongate juveniles were collected
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