Additional Hosts of the Parasitic Cowbirds •

Vol.1938 55]J FRIEDMANN,Additional Hosts ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds 41

ADDITIONAL HOSTS OF THE PARASITIC COWBIRDS •

BY HERBERT FRIEDMANN

IN several earlier publications('The Cowbirds,' 1929; Auk, 1936, pp. 52-65; Condor,1933, pp. 189-191; Ibis, 1934,pp. 340-347; WilsonBulletin, 1934,pp. 25-36, 104-114) I have compiledall that was known to me of the speciesof birdsacting as hostsof the variousspecies of cowbirds. Sincethe last of these, I have gatheredconsiderable additional information,based partly on unpublishedspecimens in private collectionsand partly on data gleanedfrom recentpublications. :Forinformation generously sent me, I am under great obligationto Mr. G. D. Smookerof St. Joseph,Trinidad, Sefior Jos• Caetano Sobrifiho of Arcos, Minas Geraes, Brazil, Dr. L. E. Hicks of Ohio, Dr. Paul Harringtonof Toronto,and Mr. T. E. Randall of Alberta.

MOLOTHRVSBON•_m•NSm (Gmelin). ShinyCowbird To the 137 speciesand subspeciesof birdspreviously listed as vierimsof the variousraces of the Shiny Cowbird,we may now add 21 others,bringing the total up to 158. The additionsare as follows:

Certhiaxiscinnaraomea cinnaraomea (Gmelin). YELLOW-THROATEDSPINE-TAIL, Phacellodomusstriaticollis striaticollis (LMresnaye •nd d'Orbigny). RUFOUS- HEADED THORN-BIRD. Anumbius anumbi (Vieillot). LE•ATERO. Elaeniafiavogasterfiavogaster(Thunberg). YELLOW-VENTEDCRESTED FLYCATCHER. Mimus saturninusfrater Itellmayr. BRAZmIANMOCKINGRIRD. Mimus gilvustobagensis Delmas. TORAGOGRACEFUL MOCKINGRIRD. Turdus chiguancoanthracinus Burmeister. SOOTYTHRUSH. Hylophilusaurantiifrons saturatus (Itellmayr). EASTERNOCHRE-FRONTED WOOD- BIRD. Ateleodacnisbicolor bicolor (Vieillot). BICOLOREDATELEODACNIS. Thraupis episcopussclateri (Berlepsch). TRImDADTANAGER. Tachyphonusrufus (Boddaert). GREATERWHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER. Ramphoceluscarbo magnirostris Lafresnaye. LARGE-BILLEDTANAGER. Saltatorsimilis d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye. ALLIEDS•TATOR. Oryzoboruscrassirostris (Gmelin). THICK-BILLEDSEED FINCH. Myospiza humeralishumeralis (Bosc). GRASSHOttERFINCH. Poospizaassimilis Cabanis. GRAY-•HROATEDWARBLING FINCH. Coccopsisnigrigenis (Lafresnaye). BLACK-FACEDCARDINAL. Leistesmilitaris superciliaris(Bonaparte). ARGENTINERED-BREASTED MASSn- BIRD. Pseudoleistesguirahuro (Vieillot). YELLOW-BACKEDMARSH-BIRD. Icierus nigrogularistrinitatis (Harterr). TRINIDADORIOLE. Holoquiscaluslugubris lug•bris (Swainson). BOAT-TAILEDGRACKLE.

Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsontan Institution. 42 F•rDMANN,Additional Hoats ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds Auk

Thesehosts involve three racesof the Shiny Cowbird,as follows:

1. •VJ[oLOTITRUSBONARIENSIS BONARIENSIS (Gmelin). ArgentineShiny Cowbird Phacellodomusatriaticollis atriaticollis (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny). A nurabiusanurabi (Vieillot). Turdus chiguancoanthracinus Burmeister. The knownhosts of thisrace of the parasitenow total 113forms.

2. •VIOLOTITRUSBONARIENSIS MELANOGYNA Stzolcman. Dark Shiny Cowbird 3/limus saturninusfrater Hellmayr. Poospizaas•imilis Cabaais. Turdus rufiventrisrufiventria Vieillot. Erabcrizoideaherbicola (Vieillot). Saltator aimilia d'Orbigny and Lafres- Sicalia pelzelni (Sclater). naye. Gnoriraopsarchopi (Vieillot). 3/lyospizahumeralis humerails (Bosc). Paeudoleiateag•lirahuro (Vieillot).

Thesenine bring the known victimsof the Dark Shiny Cowbird up to eleven forms.

3. •J[OLOTHRUSBONARIENSIS MINIMUS Dalmas. Small Shiny Cowbird Certhiaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea Tachyphonusrufus (Boddaer•). (Gmelin). Ramphocelus carbo magnirostris Elaenia flavogasterflavogaster (Thun- fresnaye. berg). Oryzoboruscrassirostris (Gmelin). Mimus gilvustobagensis Dalmas. Coccopsianigrigenis (Lafresnaye). Hylophilus aurantiifrons saturatus Icterus nigrogula•'istrinitatis (Har•ert). (Hellmayr). Holoquiscalusluqub•'is lugubria (Swain- Ateleodacnisbicolor bicolor(Viciflor). son). Thraupis episcopusaclateri (Berlepsch). The list of hostsof this cowbirdis herebyraised to a total of twenty-four forms.

In the followingannotated list, not only are all of the abovelisted forms taken up in greaterdetail, but alsoa few others,about whichrelatively importantadditional data have cometo hand, are brieflytreated. Certhiaxiscinnaraomea cinnamomea (Gmelin).--One record;a nest with four eggsof the Yellow-throatedSpine-tail and one of the Small Shiny Cowbird,collected in the CaroniMarshes, Trinidad, July 18, 1930, by Mr. G. D. Smooker,to whom I am indebted for this and most of the other Trinidad casesmentioned in this paper. Phacellodomusstriaticollis striatieollis (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye).-- Pereyra(El Hornero,5: 215-219, 1933) recordsa nest of the Rufous- headedThorn-bird containing four of its own eggsand three of the Shiny Vol.1938 J FrXrDMA•,Additional Hosts ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds 43

Cowbird,from Argentina,now in the National Museumin BuenosAires. The nesthas a tube-likevestibule leading to the nestchamber; the cowbirds' eggswere in the tube and not in the chamberwhere the thorn-birds'were. Anumbiusanumbi (Vieillot).--One publishedrecord has come to my notice. Castellanos(El Hornero,5: 332, 1034) found youngof the Shiny Cowbirdin a nest or nestsof this speciesin the Valle de Los Reartes, Cordoba,Argentina. Pitangussulphuratus bolivianus (Lafresnaye).--According to Castellanos (El Hornero,5: 332, 1934) this large flycatcheris parasitizedby the ShinyCowbird in the Provinceof Cordoba(Valle de losReartes), Argentina. Previous records were from Tucuman and Mendoza. Elaeniaflavogaster flavogaster (Thunberg).--Belcher and Smooker(Ibis, 527, 1937) have found the Yellow-ventedCrested Flycatcher to be a molothrine victim in Trinidad. Phaeoprognetapera (Linnaeus).--In the Valle de los Rearres, Cordoba, Argentina,Castellanos (El Hornero,5: 332, 1934) found the Tree Martin to be victimizedby the Shiny Cowbird. This is the secondsuch instance known to me, the first beingGibson's record from Ajo, southernBuenos Aires (cf. 'The Cowbirds,'106-107, 1929). Mimus saturnthusfrater Hellmayr.--SefiorSobrinho informs me that in Minas Geraes,Brazil, this mockingbirdis victimizedby the Dark Shiny Cowbird. Mimus gilvustobagensis Dalmas.--Listed as a victim of the Small Shiny Cowbirdin Trinidad by Belcherand Smooker(Ibis, 527, 1937). Mimus patagonicus(Lafrcsnaye and d'Orbigny).--To the two previous recordsmay be addeda third, a nest containinga nearly fledgedShiny Cowbird,found by Renardnear the navalbase at PuertoBelgrano, Argen- tina (El Hornero, 5: 219, 1933). Turdusrufiventris rufiventris Vieillot.--The Rufous-belliedThrush has beenknown as a molothrinehost in Argentinaand Uruguay. We learnfrom Sobrinhothat it actsin this capacityin Brazil (MinasGeraes) as well for the Dark Shiny Cowbird. Turdus ch•guancoanthracinus Burmeister.--One record. Castellanos (El Hornero,5: 332, 1934) found a parasitizednest in Valle de los Rearres,Cordoba, Argentina. Turdusamaurochalinus (Cabanis).--Previously known as a molothrine victim in Tucuman Province, Argentina, it is now recordedin the same capacityfarther to the south,--at Valle de losReartes, Cordoba Province, by Castellanos(El Hornero,5: 310, 1934). Vireosylvachivi chivi (Vieillot).--The Chivi Vireo waspreviously known as a victim of the Shiny Cowbirdon the basisof three records. To these may be addeda fourth,--a nestwith no eggsof the vireoand two of M. b. 44 FRIEDMANN,Additional Hosts ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds [jAaa•' bonariensis,recorded by Pereyra (El Hornero, 5: 218, 1933) from San Isidro, Argentina. Hylophilusaurantiifrons saturatus (Hellmayr).--Two records,the data for both sent to me by G. B. Smookerwho found the nestsat Nelson's Estate, Trinidad, July 19 and 22, 1933. Each nest containedtwo eggsof the ownerand two of the Small Shiny Cowbird. Ateleodacnisbicolor bieolor (Vieillot).--Smooker writes me that he found a nestof this bird in the CaroniSwamp, Trinidad, July 18, 1932,containing two eggsof the SmallShiny Cowbird and noneof the Ateleodaenis. Thraupisepiseopus selateri (Berlepsch).--One record; a nest with two eggsof the Trinidad Tanagerand one of the Small Shiny Cowbird,St. Joseph,Trinidad, May 18, 1933, G. D. Smooker. Ramphoeelusearbo magnirostris Lafresnaye.--One record, Trinidad, G. D. Smooker(Ibis, 536-537, 1937). Pirangaflavasaira (Spix).--Accordingto Sobrinho(in lilt.) this tanager is victimizedby the Shiny Cowbird in Minas Geraes,Brazil. Previously recordedfrom thereby Skinner,possibly on the sameoriginal basis. Taehyphonusrufus (Boddaert).--Onerecord,--a nest with three eggsof this White-shoulderedTanager, containing three eggs of the ownerand one of the Small Shiny Cowbird, Nelson's Estate, Trinidad, August 4, 1930, G. D. Smooker. Saltatorsireills d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.--SefiorSobrinho informs me that in Minas Geraes,Brazil, this saltator is victimizedby the Shiny Cow- bird. Oryzoboruscrassirostris (Gmelin).--Belcher and Smookerlist this seed finch as a molothrinehost in Trinidad (Ibis, 527, 1937). Sicdls pelzelni(Sclater).--Previously known as a hostof the Shiny Cow- bird in Uruguay and Argentina, it may now be recordedas such in the provinceof Minas Geraes,Brazil, as well, from informationreceived from Sefior Sobrinho. Sicdisflaycola holti Miller.--Holt's SaffronFinch is listedas a victim of the ShinyCowbird in Minas Geraes,Brazil, by Sobrinho(in lift.). This is the second record known to me. Myiospiza humerailshumerails (Bosc).--The GrasshopperFinch is reportedby Sobrinhoas a host of the Shiny Cowbirdin 1V•inasGeraes, Brazil. Previouslytwo otherraces of thisfinch (tucumanensis and dorsalis) were known to be parasitized. Poospizaassimilis Cabanis.--The Gray-throated Warbling Finch is reportedto be a host of M. b. bonariensisin Minas Geraes,Brazil, by Sobrinho(in lilt.). Pereyra(El Hornero, 5: 218, 1933) reports finding two Shiny Cowbird'seggs in a nest of "Poospizalaterdis or cabanisi"in Isla del Arroya Correa, Argentina,January 15, 1933. This indefinite recordmay alsorefer to Poospizaaasimilis. Vol.1938 55]J FRIEnMANN,Additional Hosts ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds 45

E•abe•'izoidesherbicola (Vieillot).--Azara's Ground Finch is reportedby Sobrinho(in lift.) as a host of M. b. velanogynain Minas Geraes,Brazil. Pdtylusfuliginosus (Daudin).--Sefior Sobrinhoinforms me that he has found the Gray Kernel-eaterto be victimizedby the Dark Shiny Cowbird in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This constitutes the secondrecord for this bird, unlessthe only previousone,--also from Minas Geraes (Skinner, Ool. Record,p. 20, 1924;Friedmann, Auk, p. 57, 1931),--cameoriginally from the same SOulee. Coccopsisnigrigenis (Lafresnaye).--The Black-headed Cardinal may be addedto the list of victimsof the SmallShiny Cowbird (M. b. vzinivz•.,)on the basisof a nestwith two eggsof the ownerand oneof the parasite,found in the CaroniSwamp, Trinidad, September21, 1931,by G. D. Smooker. Cnorimopsarchopi (Vieillot).--Previously known as a molothrinehost only on the statementin Azara that his assistant,Nose&, found this grackleto be parasitized. A recentobservation of the sameimport is sent me by SefiorSobrinho from Minas Geraes,Brazil. Leisks militaris superciliaris(Bonaparte).--Two records,--Pereyra(El Hornero,5: 219, 1933)records two parasitizednests, one with oneegg of the Red-breastedMarsh-bird and nineteenof the ShinyCowbird, and the other with two eggsof the former and twelve of the latter. No exact locality is given,but it is somewherein Argentina. Pseudoleistesguirahuro (Vieillot).--Recordcd as a host of the Shiny Cowbirdin Minas Geraes,Brazil, by Sobrinho. Icterus pyrrhopteruspyrrhopterus (Vieillot).--To the single previous recordfrom southernMinas Geraes,may be addedthe merestatement that Sobrinhoalso found the Chestnut-shoulderedOriole to be parasitizedthere by the Shiny Cowbird. Icterus nlgrogularistrinitatis Hartert.--Listed as a host of the Small Shiny Cowbirdin Trinidad by Belcherand Smooker(Ibis, 527, 1937). Holoquiscaluslugubris lugubris (Swainson).--In Trinidad, Belcherand Smookerhave found eggsof the Small Shiny Cowbird in nestsof this grackle. Mo•.oTI•ttusATEit (Boddaert). North AmericanCowbird The followingare additionsto the list of known victimsof the North AmericanCowbird (all races). They bring the total of host speciesand subspeciesup to 246, an increaseof eight. Empidonax diffcilis diffcilis Baird. W•;STraN FLYCATCHER. Penthestescarolinensis carolinensis (Audubon). CAROLINACHICKAriES. $ialia currucoides(Bechstein). MOUNTX• BLUrB•RD. Wilsonia pusilla pusdla (Wilson). W•LSO•'SWARBLrR. Agelaiusphoeniceus nevadensis Grinnell. NrVADARrD-WI•C. Loxia curvirostrapusilla Gloger. Rsn CROSSBILL. 46 FRIEDMANN,Additional Hosts of the Parasitic Cowbirds [Jan.Auk

Passerherbulushenslowi henslowi (Audubon). WESTERN•:•ENSLOW'S SPARROW. Melospizamelodia heermanni Baird. YIEE•MANN'SSONG SrAR•OW. In additionto these,a few forms,previously listed as victimsof onerace of the cowbird,have sincebeen found to be parasitizedby another race as well. Therefore,if we list the victims accordingto the subspeciesof the cowbird,we have the followingadditions (including the eight mentioned above). 5/IOLOTHRVSaTER aTER (Boddacrt). Eastern Cowbird Penthestescaroliner•is carolinensis(Audubon). Sturnellaneglecta Audubon. Loxia curvirostrapusilla Gloger. Passerherbulushenslowi henslowi (Audubon).

The known hosts of the Eastern Cowbird now total 145 forms.

MOLOTHRUS ATER ARTEMISIAE Grinnell. Nevada Cowbird Sialia currucoides(Bechstein). Vireo solitari•s solitari•s (Wilson). Dendroicacoronata (Linnaeus). Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson). Agelaius phoeniceu•nevadensis Grinnell. Pipilo erythrophthalmuserythrophthalmus (Linnaeus). The Nevada Cowbird'slist of victimsis herebyincreased to 87 forms.

MOLOTHRVSXTER OBSCU•VS (Gmelin). Dwarf Cowbird Empidonax di.•cilis diff•zilisBaird. Melospizamelodia heermanni Baird. We now know 89 hosts for this southwestern form of the Cowbird. Zenaidura macroura carolinensis(Linnaeus). EASTER• MOURNING DovE.--To the very few data on the Mourning Dove as a molothrine victim may be addeda parasitizednest in Franklin Co., Ohio,found by L. E. Hicks, to whom I am indebtedfor this information(see also Auk, 51: 3s6, 1934). Tyrannustyrannus (Linnaeus). KI•GBmD.--Coues(Bull U.S. Geol. & Geogr.Surv., 4, no. 3: 601, 1878) collecteda cowbird'segg from a nestof this speciesnear Frenchman's River, Montana,July 9, 1874. This record, which I had previouslyoverlooked, is the secondrecord for the Nevada Cowbird. Myiarch•s crinltusboreus Bangs. NORTHERNCRESTED FLYCATCHER.-- A third recordhas cometo my notice. Blocker(Oologist, 54: 131-133, 1936)lists this bird as a victim of the Cowbirdnear Areboy,Illinois. The two casespreviously known to me werein Massachusettsand Maryland. 'Vol.1938 55]J FRIEDMANN,Additional Hosts ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds 47

EmpidonaxditTxilis diScills Baird. WESTERNFL¾CATCtlER.--Benson and Russell (Condor, 36: 219, 1934) captureda young Dwarf Cowbird attendedby a WesternFlycatcher at Berkeley, California. This is the first recordof this flycatcheras a molothrinehost. Nuttallorni• mesoleucus(Lichtenstein). OLIVE-SmEDFL¾C•TCHER.--T. E. Randall informsme that he founda nestwith three eggsof the flycatcher and one of the Nevada Cowbirdat Boyle, Alberta, on June 7, 1934. This is the second record known to me. Hitundo erythrogasterBoddaert. B•.R•;SW•.LLOw.--At Colony, Kansas, Wells (Oologist,51: 13, 1934) foundseveral parasitized nests of the Barn Swallow. Only two suchinstances were known to me previously. Cyanociltacristata cristata (Linnaeus). NORTItERNBLUE JA¾.--Pre- viouslyknown as a molothrinevictim on the basisof two indefiniterecords. Blocher(Oologist, 50: 58, 1933, and 54: 131-133,1936) foundthe Blue Jay to be parasitizedat Amboy, Illinois; a nest containingfour eggsof the jay and oneof the parasitewere definitely reported by him. The secondof his notesgives the impressionof still anothersuch instance in the samelocality. Penthestesatricapillus atricapillus (Linnaeus). BLXC•r-CArrEDCh•CK•- DEE.--Blocher(Oologist, 53: 131-133, 1936) lists this bird as a hostof the Cowbirdat Amboy,Illinols. It is the secondcase of whichI have learned. Penthestescarolinensis carolinensis (Audubon). CAROLI•r•_CmClr•DEE.-- One record, a nest containingfive eggsof the chickadeeand two of the Cowbird,collected at PineyPoint, St. Mary's County,Maryland, April 25, 1934, by E. J. Court, who tells me that he caughtthe female Cowbird on the nest,about half an hour after daylight. Baeolophusbieolor (Linnaeus). T•FrED T•Tr•OUSE.--Tothe four eases recordedin earlierpapers, I may add another,--a nest •dth seveneggs of the host and one of the parasite,found at Sherwood,Ohio, May 14, 1934, by Price (0ologist,51: 107-108, 1934). Troglodytesa•don parkmani Audubon. WESTERNHOUSE WREN.--Pre- viouslyknown as a molothrinevictim in a singleease, we may now add a secondrecord kindly sentme by T. E. Randall,who found a nestwith five eggsof the wren and one of the Nevada Cowbird,at Boyle, Alberta, June 10, 1934. Sialia currucoides(Bethstein). MOV•;T•.I•; BLuESm•).--One record, kindly suppliedme by T. E. Randall,of a nestfound by him at Boyle, Alberta, May 29, 1934, containingfour eggsof the bluebirdand one of the Nevada Cowbird. Polioptilamelanura californica Brewster. BLXCE-TA•LEDGNATCATCHER. --A fourth recordis given by Hanna (Condor,36: 89, 1934), a nest found at Riverside,California, in May, 1933. Sturnusvulgarls vulgaris Linnaeus. STARLING.--Previouslyknown to b e 48 FI•IEDm.•NN,Additional Hos•s of the Parasilic Cowbirds L[AukJan. victimized but once, in Maryland, we now have a secondrccord,--Blochcr (Oologist,50: 157, 1933)reports a parasitizcdnest at Amboy,Illinois. Vireo solitariussolitari•s (Wilson). BLUE-HrADEDVXREo.--This bird was known to be a victim of the Eastern Cowbird; we now know it in the samecapacity for the Nevada Cowbirdon the basisof a parasitizcdnest foundby T. E. Randall at Boyle,Alberta, on May 28, 1934. [Zircosolitarius cassini Xantus. CASSIN'SVIREO.--•ichacl (Condor,37: 178, 1935) founda parasitizcdnest in Yosemite,California. This is the second record known to me. Dendroicacoronata (Linnaeus). MYRTnEWAR•ER.--Prcviously I knew of but three casesof molothrinc molestation in this warbler, and a search of the literaturecertainly gave the impressionthat the Cowbirdonly rarely affectedthe Myrtle Warbler. However, Dr. Paul Harrington writes me that out of thirty-eightnests of this speciesexamined near WasagaBeach, SouthGeorgian Bay, Ontario,not lessthan twenty-fivecontained eggs of the Cowbird;twenty nestshad one Cowbirdegg; three had two each,and two had threeeach. One nesthad a Cowbird'segg imbedded in its side. T. E. Randall informs me that he found a nest with four eggsof the warblerand one of the Nevada Cowbirdat Boyle,Alberta, May 27, 1934. This is the first record for the Nevada Cowbird. Dendro•caviren,• virens (Gmc]in). B•CE-THRO•,TEDGREEN To the few previousrecords may be addedt•o more,both from near sagaBeach, South Georgian Bay, Ontario,found by Dr. Paul Harrlngton. Dendroicapinus pinus (Wilson). NORTUERNP•NE W•,R•nER.--To the four recordspreviously known to me, may be addedthree more, all from Ontario (WasagaBeach and PctawawaMilitary Camp on the Ottawa River), collectedby Dr. Paul Harrington. Oporornis philadelphia (Wilson). MOURNIN(• W•,R•nER.--A fourth recordhas cometo my attention. Dr. Paul Harringtonwrites me that he founda nestof thisbird, with two eggsof the ownerand oneof the Cowbird, near WasagaBeach, South Georgian Bay, Ontario,June 9, 1929. •Vilsoniapusilla pusilla (Wilson). W•nsoN'sW•,R•nER.---One record, kindly suppliedme by T. E. Randall, who found a nest with three young warblersand one youngNevada Cowbirdat Boyle, Alberta, June 12, 1934. $turnella neglectaAudubon. WESTERNME•,row•,R•.--Prcvlously recorded as a victim of the Nevada Cowbird, the Western Meadowlark has been found to be a host of the Eastern Cowbird as well in eastern Nebraska (Nebr. Bird Rev., 2, no. 3: 69, 1934). Agelaius phoeniceuscalifornicus Nelson. B•COnORE• secondrecord has cometo my attention,--Davis (Condor,35: 152, 1933) founda parasitizcdnest in Butte Co., California. The cowbirdin question is the race artemis•ae. Vol.1938 551J FRIEDMANN,Additional Hosts ofthe Parasitic Cowbirds 49

Agelaius phoeniceusnevadensis Grinnell. NEVADA RED-WInG.---One record,a nestwith four eggsof the Red-wingand oneof the NevadaCow- bird, June 1, 1936, Furnace Creek Ranch, Death Valley, reportedby M. French Gilman (Condor, 39: 90, 1937). Carpodacuspurpureus purpureus (Gmelin). EASTE• PURPLE T. E. Randall writesme that he found a nestwith three eggsof the finch and two of the Nevada Cowbirdat Boyle,Alberta, on May 30, 1934. This is the third record for the Nevada Cowbird. Carpodacusmexicanus frontalis (Say). House FI•cH.--A secondrecord of the Dwarf Cowbirdvictimizing this bird is givenby Hanna (Condor,35: 205, 1933)from the San BernardinoValley, California. Loxia curvirostrapusilla Gloger. RE•) CRossB•LL.--Saundersand Dale (Trans. Roy. Canad. Inst., 19, pt. 2: 240, 1933) record a nest with three eggsof the crossbilland oneof the cowbird,now in the Saunderscollection, taken on April 29, 1909, two miles east of London, Ontario. This is the firstrecord of any crossbillas a molothrinevictim. Pipilo erythrophthalmuserythrophthalmus (Linnaeus). R•D-EYEDTow- nmE.--Coues(Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr.Surv., 4: 599, 1878) records nest with two eggsof the towheeand three of the Nevada Cowbird. This is the onlyrecord known to me of this towbeebeing victimized by the Nevada Cowbird;it is very commonlyparasitized farther east by the Eastern Cowbird. Ammodramussavannarum australis Maynard. EASTElaNGr•ssHorrEl• SrAm•ow.--Previouslyknown from a singledefinite nest record and an indefinitestatement. Price (Oologist,51: 107-108, 1934) examinedabout onehundred nests in PauldingCo., Ohio, and found cowbirds'eggs in two of them. Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus Swainson. WESTERN GRASS- •aorrEa SrAm•ow.--A third record of this form as a host of the Nevada Cowbirdhas cometo my attention,--a nest found by Neal Weber, at Towner, North Dakota, concerningwhich the discovererwrote to Dr. W. M. Mann of the National ZoologicalPark, whoin turn passedthe information on to me. Passerherbulushenslowi henslowi (Audubon). WESTErd• HENSLOw'S SrAm•ow.--Dr. L. E. Hicks informsme that he found a parasitizednest of this sparrowin Franklin Co., Ohio. This is the first recordfor the Western Henslow'sSparrow (see also Auk, 51: 385-386, 1934). Chondestesgrammacus strigatus Swainson. WESTEa• LAa•r SrAaRow.-- Davis (Condor,35: 152,1933) found a nestof thisbird containingan eggof the Nevada Cowbird in Butte Co., California. This is the third record for thissparrow as a hostof the Nevada Cowbird. Zonotrichialeucophrys leucophrys (Forster). WmTE-Cl•OW•EDSrAm•ow. 50 FRIEDMANN,Additional Hosts of the Parasitic Cowbirds [Jan.Auk

--In the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology,at Toronto, there is a nest of one egg of the VV•hlte-crownedSparrow and two eggsof the Nevada Cow- bird, collectedat Okotoks,Alberta, June $, 1907, by E. Beaurre. This is the second case of which I know for the Nevada Cowbird. Melospiza melodia heermanniBaird. HEERMANN'SSONG SPARROW.- One record;Arnold (Condor,39: 35, 1937) found a parasltizednest with five eggsof the sparrowand oneof the Dwarf Cowbirdat StockfarmScout Camp, CoallngeArea, Fresno Co., California,on April 28, 1934.

T•NG•VI•JS•N•JS (Wagler). Red-eyedCowbird Two additionalhosts have beenreported for this cowbird,bringing the total number of its known victims up to thirty-four. These two are as follows: Thryophilusmodestus pullus Ridgway. CuL•r.•s WR•N.--Stone (Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci.Philadelphia, 84: 336, 1932)records a youngRed-eyed Cow- bird being fed by this wren at Cantarranas,Honduras, August 5. The cowbirdin questionis the raceinvolucratus Lesson, whose hosts now total twenty-four forms. Piranga erythrocephalacandida Griscom. GR•SC0M'ST.•N.•G•a.--J. T. Wright informsme that on July 21, 1933,at Rosario,Sinaloa, he found a nestof this tanagercontaining a youngcowbird (subspecies milleri). The youngtanagers had beencrowded out andthe parasitewas the soleoccupant.

U.S. National Museum Washington,D.C.