A 1 Biogeographic Analysis Using Frogs 2

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A 1 Biogeographic Analysis Using Frogs 2 1 Environmental versus geological barriers in the Great American Biotic Interchange: a 2 biogeographic analysis using frogs 3 4 5 6 Carlos Alberto Jiménez Rivillas 7 Student 8 9 10 Andrew J. Crawford 11 Advisor 12 13 14 Catalina González Arango 15 Co-advisor 16 17 18 19 Universidad de los Andes 20 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas 21 22 de Octubre de 2018 22 Bogotá D.C., Colombia 23 24 25 26 He [the naturalist] looks upon every species of animal and plant now living as the 27 individual letters which go to make up one of the volumes of our earth's history; and, as a 28 few lost letters may make a sentence unintelligible, so the extinction of the numerous 29 forms of life which the progress of cultivation invariably entails will necessarily render 30 obscure this invaluable record of the past. 31 Alfred Russel Wallace (1863) On the physical geography of the Malay Archipelago. The 32 Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 33:217-234. 33 34 35 36 I saw with regret, (and all scientific men have shared this feeling) that whilst the number of 37 accurate instruments was daily increasing, we were still ignorant 38 Alexander von Humboldt, Aimé Bonpland (1818) Personal Narrative of Travels to the 39 Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 - Volume 1. 40 41 42 43 44 45 Environmental versus geological barriers in the Great American Biotic Interchange: a 46 biogeographic analysis using frogs 47 48 Carlos Jiménez-Rivillas1,2, Paola Montoya3, Roberto Ibáñez4, Catalina Gonzalez-Arango5, 49 and Andrew J. Crawford2,4. 50 51 1M.Sc. student in Biological Sciences, 2Biom|ics Lab, Biological Sciences Department, 52 Universidad de los Andes, Bogota D.C. – Colombia. 53 3Laboratorio de Evolución de Vertebrados (EvolVert), Biological Sciences Department, 54 Universidad de los Andes, Bogota D.C. – Colombia. 55 4Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama. 56 5Laboratorio de Paleoecología y Palinología (PaleoLab), Biological Sciences Department, 57 Universidad de los Andes, Bogota D.C. – Colombia. 58 59 Abstract 60 The geological closure of the Isthmus of Panama (IP) precipitated one of the greatest 61 biogeographic events of the Cenozoic that indelibly changed composition of biotic 62 communities in South and North America. The precise timing of uplift and final closure of 63 the IP continues to be a topic of intense debate in geology and evolutionary biology. The 64 traditional or Young Isthmus model states that the definitive closure of the IP occurred 65 between 4 and 3 million years ago (Ma). The more recently proposed Old Isthmus model 66 states that the IP was completed during the middle Miocene (15 to 13 Ma). Regardless of 67 the closure data, the fossil record makes clear that at 2.7 Ma began the Great American 68 Biotic Interchange (GABI), a massive interchange of mammalian lineages, many affiliated 69 with dry and open environments. For the Old Isthmus hypothesis to be viable, one must 70 posit the existence of some non-oceanic barrier that delayed the interchange between 71 continents for some 10 million years. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an 72 environmental barrier in the form of a humid, closed-canopy forest was present on the IP 73 prior to the Pleistocene interchange and glacial cycling. Scant paleoenvironmental data 74 are available from the Neogene IP, so here we test our hypothesis indirectly using 75 comparative phylogeography of 69 species of anurans by reconstructing their 76 environmental affinities and estimating the timing of interchange between continents for 77 each lineage. We found that frog species with a preference for dry and open environments 78 all moved between continents after 3 Ma (n = 11 colonization events), while the mean 79 date of interchange for those associated with humid forests was 6.1 Ma (n = 24 events, SD 80 = 3.7 Ma), including some more recently than 3 Ma. Semi-arid species crossed 81 significantly later than humid forest species (randomization test, mean difference = 6.8 82 million years, P = 0.0075), as predicted by the hypothesis that a humid, closed-canopy 83 forest barrier existed during the Late Miocene and perhaps to a lesser extent in the 84 Pliocene. The Pleistocene was characterized by cooler and drier conditions which led to a 85 reduction in forest cover and this may have promoted directly the GABI across an IP 86 already 10 million years old. 87 88 Keywords: Crown age, dispersal, humid-closed barrier, Stem age, dry-open corridor 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 INTRODUCTION 112 113 Barriers to dispersal are an important component of vicariance biogeography and 114 models of allopatric speciation (Platnick & Nelson, 1978; Ronquist, 1997). Physical 115 barriers are often invoked as isolating mechanisms driving allopatric speciation and 116 creating regions of endemism (Rosen, 1988). Examples include oceans, rivers, and 117 mountains (Jansson, 2003). Environmental heterogeneity can also create barriers to 118 dispersal, however, such as the warm desert of North America (Hafner & Riddle, 2011). 119 Wet forest can also be a barrier to dispersal for organisms that prefer open or xeric habitat, 120 e.g., the Amazonian rain forest separates the xeric and open habitats of the Dry Diagonal 121 in the South from the coastal xeric habitats of Venezuela and Colombia in the North 122 (Gutiérrez et al., 2014). Here we use comparative phylogeography to ask whether closed- 123 canopy wet forest could have been a barrier preventing animals from dispersing through 124 the Isthmus of Panama (IP) during the Pliocene and Miocene. 125 126 Since the Early Cretaceous and throughout the Paleogene, South America lacked 127 connections with other major landmasses and was an island continent whose fauna and 128 flora remained in ‘splendid isolation’ (Simpson, 1980). Eventually the Central American 129 Seaway (CAS) closed via the formation of a complete and permanent land bridge known 130 as the Isthmus of Panama (IP) that joined South America with Central America, and thus 131 North America, separating the Caribbean Sea from the Pacific Ocean (Keigwin, 1978). The 132 date of the formation of the IP, however, is highly controversial and the scientific debate 133 itself has been termed the ‘Battle for the Americas’ (Stone, 2013). 134 135 Positions regarding the geological formation and completion of the IP fall under 136 two basic models. The traditional or ‘Young Isthmus’ model states that the IP was not 137 completely formed until the Pliocene approximately 3 million years ago (Ma). Early 138 evidence came from biostratigraphy and isotope paleogeography (Keigwin, 1978). 139 Subsequent geological and paleontological studies, along with molecular phylogenetic 140 studies of marine geminate species, also dated the closure of the IP to between 4.0 to 3.0 141 Ma (e.g., Coates et al., 1992; O’Dea et al., 2016; Coppard & Lessios, 2017). These young 142 dates for the closure of the IP contrast sharply with the more recent ‘Old Isthmus’ model 143 that posits a closure around 15 to 13 Ma, based on analyses of petrogenesis of magmatic 144 rocks and paleo-volcanic activity (Montes et al., 2015). 145 146 While controversy surrounds the estimated age of the closure of the IP, the date of 147 the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) is very well established. ‘GABI’ in the strict 148 sense refers to the massive, nearly simultaneous, and reciprocal colonization of North and 149 South America by diverse mammalian lineages at 2.7 Ma, a date clearly established by an 150 extensive fossil record involving species from 17 taxonomic families (Webb, 1976; 151 Marshall et al., 1982). The date of the GABI fits well with the Young Isthmus model, 152 whereas the Old Isthmus model posits a land bridge being completed at least 10 million 153 years before the GABI took place. To reconcile the well-dated GABI with the Old Isthmus 154 model, proponents of the latter would have to explain why a completed terrestrial corridor 155 was not used until 10 million years later. 156 157 A hypothesis recently put forward to explain this 10 million year lag time invokes 158 an environmental barrier (Bacon et al., 2016). While a land bridge may have been in 159 place by the middle Miocene, successful dispersal would not take place if organisms 160 encounter conditions very different from their usual environment. The mammals 161 participating in GABI included a large proportion of species specializing in savannah 162 habitat (Stehli & Webb, 1985; Webb, 1991; Vrba, 1992; Woodburne, 2010). Thus, if a 163 complete, late Miocene Isthmus were covered predominately by closed-canopy wet 164 forests, such a landscape could have acted as an environmental, rather than physical, 165 barrier to dispersal between continents, delaying the GABI despite the existence of a 166 complete land bridge (Bacon et al., 2016). 167 168 Unfortunately, details are lacking on the spatial and temporal distribution of paleo- 169 environments such as open and semi-arid versus closed and forested habitats during the 170 late Miocene, and the habitat preferences of many species that participated in the GABI 171 remain unconfirmed (Bacon et al., 2016). In this study, we proposed using comparative 172 phylogeography from non-mammalian groups to test for an association between habitat 173 preference and timing of continental interchange. Frogs may provide a valuable proxy for 174 the historical presence of open or wet versus closed or semi-arid habitats. As the only non- 175 amniote tetrapods, amphibians tend to be found close to source of water and most species 176 are poor dispersers (Cushman, 2006). These characteristics of frogs make them excellent 177 indicators of biogeographical processes (Ron, 2000; Paz et al., 2015).
Recommended publications
  • Conserving the Hip Hoppers: Amphibian Research at Greater Manchester Universities
    REVIEW ARTICLE The Herpetological Bulletin 135, 2016: 1-3 Conserving the hip hoppers: Amphibian research at Greater Manchester Universities ROBERT JEHLE1*, RACHAEL ANTWIS1 & RICHARD PREZIOSI2 1School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK 2Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK *Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Characterising Greater Manchester is not an easy task. As a hotbed of radical ideas, the rise of Greater Manchester during the industrial revolution was followed by a significant economic and population decline. As one of the fastest-growing regions in the United Kingdom of the 21st century, contemporary Greater Manchester is shaped by a conglomerate of different influences. The dynamic history of the area is also reflected in emerging herpetological research activities. Without a pronounced tradition in organismal herpetology, Greater Manchester has recently developed into a national hotspot for academic research on amphibian conservation. Perhaps most importantly, the emerged activities are largely shaped through efforts led by postgraduate students. The present overview summarises Figure 1. Participants of the 2015 Amphibian Conservation these developments. Research Symposium in Cambridge. The conference series A main home of amphibian research activities in Greater started in Manchester in 2012. Manchester is represented by the Manchester Amphibian Research Group (MARG, http://amphibianresearch.org), with a main goal to “advance both ex situ and in situ amphibian conservation through evidence-based research”. Table 1. Amphibian conservation-related research outputs The first MARG meeting took place at the University (indexed journal articles) produced at Greater Manchester of Manchester in 2010, and convened the principal Universities since the first MARG meeting in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mitochondrial Genome of the Endemic Brazilian Paradoxial Frog Pseudis Tocantins (Hylidae)
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Biology Faculty Publications Biology 10-26-2018 The itM ochondrial Genome of the Endemic Brazilian Paradoxial Frog Pseudis tocantins (Hylidae) Kaleb Pretto Gatto University of Campinas, Brazil Jeramiah J. Smith University of Kentucky, [email protected] Luciana Bolsoni Lourenço University of Campinas, Brazil Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_facpub Part of the Biology Commons, and the Genetics and Genomics Commons Repository Citation Gatto, Kaleb Pretto; Smith, Jeramiah J.; and Lourenço, Luciana Bolsoni, "The itM ochondrial Genome of the Endemic Brazilian Paradoxial Frog Pseudis tocantins (Hylidae)" (2018). Biology Faculty Publications. 160. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_facpub/160 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Mitochondrial Genome of the Endemic Brazilian Paradoxial Frog Pseudis tocantins (Hylidae) Notes/Citation Information Published in Mitochondrial DNA Part B, v. 3, no. 2, p. 1106-1107. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1508385 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_facpub/160 Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 The mitochondrial genome of the endemic Brazilian paradoxical frog Pseudis tocantins (Hylidae) Kaleb Pretto Gatto, Jeramiah J.
    [Show full text]
  • Histomorfología De La Glándula Tiroides Durante La Ontogenia En Pseudis Paradoxa (Anura, Hylidae)
    Tesis Doctoral Histomorfología de la glándula tiroides durante la ontogenia en Pseudis paradoxa (Anura, Hylidae) Cruz, Julio César 2017 Este documento forma parte de las colecciones digitales de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the digital collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Cruz, Julio César. (2017). Histomorfología de la glándula tiroides durante la ontogenia en Pseudis paradoxa (Anura, Hylidae). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/tesis_n6259_Cruz Cita tipo Chicago: Cruz, Julio César. "Histomorfología de la glándula tiroides durante la ontogenia en Pseudis paradoxa (Anura, Hylidae)". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/tesis_n6259_Cruz Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Histomorfología de la glándula tiroides durante la ontogenia
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
    AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Paradox Frog, Pseudis Paradoxa, in Bolivia
    British Herpetological Society Bullton. No. 68. 1999 NOTES ON THE PARADOX FROG, PSEUDIS PARADOXA, IN BOLIVIA IGNACIO DE LA RIVA Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales a Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain INTRODUCTION The South American Paradox Frog, Pseudis paradoxa (Plate. 1) is primarily a dweller of open, lowland areas, where it inhabits marshes, ponds and other types of lentic water bodies. It has a discontinuous distribution from Colombia to Argentina. Inter- populational differences primarily in colour pattern, as well a in some other features, have led to the recognition of seven subspecies [P. p. bolbodactyla and P. p. fusca were recently proposed to be elevated to specific status (Caramaschi and Cruz, 1998)]. DISTRIBUTION AND SUBSPECIES IN BOLIVIA For taxonomic and biogeographical reasons, the lowlands of Bolivia are an interesting area with respect to this frog. The distribution of the species in this country is poorly known. The first Bolivian record of P. paradoxa was provided by Muller and Hellmich (1936) at San Fermiin, Department of Santa Cruz. Since then, it was reported at some other localities, mostly in the Department of Santa Cruz [see De la Riva (1990) and below]. It was interesting that it was also discovered at two localities in southeastern Peru (Duellman and Salas, 1991; Henle, 1992). These discoveries made plausible that it ranges throughout the intermediate area of extensive, suitable habitat of humid savannas in the Bolivian Department of Beni. However, there is a surprising scarcity of published records for this huge and relatively (by Bolivian standards) well surveyed zone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Most Frog-Diverse Place in Middle America, with Notes on The
    Offcial journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(2) [Special Section]: 304–322 (e215). The most frog-diverse place in Middle America, with notes on the conservation status of eight threatened species of amphibians 1,2,*José Andrés Salazar-Zúñiga, 1,2,3Wagner Chaves-Acuña, 2Gerardo Chaves, 1Alejandro Acuña, 1,2Juan Ignacio Abarca-Odio, 1,4Javier Lobon-Rovira, 1,2Edwin Gómez-Méndez, 1,2Ana Cecilia Gutiérrez-Vannucchi, and 2Federico Bolaños 1Veragua Foundation for Rainforest Research, Limón, COSTA RICA 2Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, COSTA RICA 3División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’-CONICET, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA 4CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, PORTUGAL Abstract.—Regarding amphibians, Costa Rica exhibits the greatest species richness per unit area in Middle America, with a total of 215 species reported to date. However, this number is likely an underestimate due to the presence of many unexplored areas that are diffcult to access. Between 2012 and 2017, a monitoring survey of amphibians was conducted in the Central Caribbean of Costa Rica, on the northern edge of the Matama mountains in the Talamanca mountain range, to study the distribution patterns and natural history of species across this region, particularly those considered as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The results show the highest amphibian species richness among Middle America lowland evergreen forests, with a notable anuran representation of 64 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Agalychnis Lemur (SMF 89959), Cerro Negro, PNSF, Veraguas. Photo by AC
    Agalychnis lemur (SMF 89959), Cerro Negro, PNSF, Veraguas. Photo by AC. amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 009 April 2012 | Volume 6 | Number 2 | e46 Copyright: © 2012 Hertz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 6(2):9-30. original author and source are credited. Field notes on findings of threatened amphibian species in the central mountain range of western Panama 1,2,4ANDREAS HERTZ, 1,2SEBASTIAN LOTZKAT, 3ARCADIO CARRIZO, 3MARCOS PONCE, 1GUNTHER KÖHLER, AND 2BRUNO STREIT 1Department of Herpetology, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY 2Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Biologicum, Dept. of Ecology and Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY 3Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, PANAMÁ Abstract.—During field work along a transect in the Cordillera Central of western Panama between 2008 and 2010, we detected several populations of amphibian species which are considered as “Endangered” or “Critically Endangered” by the IUCN. Some of these species had suffered from serious population declines, probably due to chytridiomycosis, but all are generally threatened by habitat loss. We detected 53% of the Endangered and 56% of the Critically Endangered amphibian species that have previously been reported from within the investigated area. We report on findings of species that have not been found in Panama for many years, and provide locality data of newly discovered populations. There is a need to create a new protected area in the Cerro Colorado area of the Serranía de Tabasará, where we found 15% of the Endangered and Critically Endangered am- phibian species known to Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Ark Number 43 Keeping Threatened Amphibian Species Afloat June 2018
    AArk Newsletter NewsletterNumber 43, June 2018 amphibian ark Number 43 Keeping threatened amphibian species afloat June 2018 In this issue... Reintroduction of the Northern Pool Frog to the UK - Progress Report, April 2018 ............... 2 ® Establishment of a captive breeding program for the Kroombit Tinkerfrog .............................. 4 In situ conservation of the Lemur Leaf Frog through habitat improvement and forest management practices in the Guayacán Rainforest Reserve in Costa Rica .................... 6 Neotropical amphibian biology, management and conservation course .................................. 8 Donation provides for equipment upgrades within the Biogeos Foundation facilities, at the Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians program in Venezuela ................... 9 New AArk Conservation Grants program, and call for applications .................................. 10 Amphibian Advocates - José Alfredo Hernández Díaz, Africam Safari, Mexico ........ 11 Amphibian Advocates - Dr. Phil Bishop, Co-Chair IUCN SSC ASG............................... 12 AArk Newsletter - Instructions for authors ...... 13 A private donation helps the Valcheta Frog program in Argentina ...................................... 14 A rich food formula to raise tadpoles in captivity........................................................... 16 Vibicaria Conservation Program: creation of an ex situ model for a rediscovered species in Costa Rica ...................................................... 18 Reproduction of Dendropsophus padreluna at
    [Show full text]
  • A Importância De Se Levar Em Conta a Lacuna Linneana No Planejamento De Conservação Dos Anfíbios No Brasil
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E EVOLUÇÃO A IMPORTÂNCIA DE SE LEVAR EM CONTA A LACUNA LINNEANA NO PLANEJAMENTO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DOS ANFÍBIOS NO BRASIL MATEUS ATADEU MOREIRA Goiânia, Abril - 2015. TERMO DE CIÊNCIA E DE AUTORIZAÇÃO PARA DISPONIBILIZAR AS TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES ELETRÔNICAS (TEDE) NA BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL DA UFG Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor, autorizo a Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) a disponibilizar, gratuitamente, por meio da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD/UFG), sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o do- cumento conforme permissões assinaladas abaixo, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou down- load, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data. 1. Identificação do material bibliográfico: [x] Dissertação [ ] Tese 2. Identificação da Tese ou Dissertação Autor (a): Mateus Atadeu Moreira E-mail: ma- teus.atadeu@gm ail.com Seu e-mail pode ser disponibilizado na página? [x]Sim [ ] Não Vínculo empregatício do autor Bolsista Agência de fomento: CAPES Sigla: CAPES País: BRASIL UF: D CNPJ: 00889834/0001-08 F Título: A importância de se levar em conta a Lacuna Linneana no planejamento de conservação dos Anfíbios no Brasil Palavras-chave: Lacuna Linneana, Biodiversidade, Conservação, Anfíbios do Brasil, Priorização espacial Título em outra língua: The importance of taking into account the Linnean shortfall on Amphibian Conservation Planning Palavras-chave em outra língua: Linnean shortfall, Biodiversity, Conservation, Brazili- an Amphibians, Spatial Prioritization Área de concentração: Biologia da Conservação Data defesa: (dd/mm/aaaa) 28/04/2015 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Ecologia e Evolução Orientador (a): Daniel de Brito Cândido da Silva E-mail: [email protected] Co-orientador E-mail: *Necessita do CPF quando não constar no SisPG 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Conservation in the Caatinga Biome and Semiarid Region of Brazil
    Herpetologica, 68(1), 2012, 31–47 E 2012 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION IN THE CAATINGA BIOME AND SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL 1,3 2 MILENA CAMARDELLI AND MARCELO F. NAPOLI 1Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Ecologia e Biomonitoramento, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bara˜o de Jeremoabo, Campus Universita´rio de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bara˜o de Jeremoabo, Campus Universita´rio de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil ABSTRACT: The Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (Ministe´rio Do Meio Ambiente, MMA) proposed defining priority areas for Brazilian biodiversity conservation in 2007, but to date, no definitions of priority areas for amphibian conservation have been developed for the Caatinga biome or the semiarid region of Brazil. In this study, we searched for ‘‘hot spots’’ of amphibians in these two regions and assessed whether the priority areas established by the MMA coincided with those suitable for amphibian conservation. We determined amphibian hot spots by means of three estimates: areas of endemism, areas of high species richness, and areas with species that are threatened, rare, or have very limited distributions. We then assessed the degree of coincidence between amphibian hot spots and the priority areas of the MMA based on the current conservation units. We analyzed areas of endemism with the use of a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) on quadrats. The Caatinga biome and semiarid region showed four and six areas of endemism, respectively, mainly associated with mountainous areas that are covered by isolated forests and positively correlated with species richness.
    [Show full text]
  • BOA5.1-2 Frog Biology, Taxonomy and Biodiversity
    The Biology of Amphibians Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis annae 5.1-2: Frog Biology, Taxonomy & Biodiversity Part 2, Neobatrachia Hylidae: Dendropsophus ebraccatus CLassification of Order: Anura † Triadobatrachus Ascaphidae Leiopelmatidae Bombinatoridae Alytidae (Discoglossidae) Pipidae Rhynophrynidae Scaphiopopidae Pelodytidae Megophryidae Pelobatidae Heleophrynidae Nasikabatrachidae Sooglossidae Calyptocephalellidae Myobatrachidae Alsodidae Batrachylidae Bufonidae Ceratophryidae Cycloramphidae Hemiphractidae Hylodidae Leptodactylidae Odontophrynidae Rhinodermatidae Telmatobiidae Allophrynidae Centrolenidae Hylidae Dendrobatidae Brachycephalidae Ceuthomantidae Craugastoridae Eleutherodactylidae Strabomantidae Arthroleptidae Hyperoliidae Breviceptidae Hemisotidae Microhylidae Ceratobatrachidae Conrauidae Micrixalidae Nyctibatrachidae Petropedetidae Phrynobatrachidae Ptychadenidae Ranidae Ranixalidae Dicroglossidae Pyxicephalidae Rhacophoridae Mantellidae A B † 3 † † † Actinopterygian Coelacanth, Tetrapodomorpha †Amniota *Gerobatrachus (Ray-fin Fishes) Lungfish (stem-tetrapods) (Reptiles, Mammals)Lepospondyls † (’frogomander’) Eocaecilia GymnophionaKaraurus Caudata Triadobatrachus 2 Anura Sub Orders Super Families (including Apoda Urodela Prosalirus †) 1 Archaeobatrachia A Hyloidea 2 Mesobatrachia B Ranoidea 1 Anura Salientia 3 Neobatrachia Batrachia Lissamphibia *Gerobatrachus may be the sister taxon Salientia Temnospondyls
    [Show full text]
  • Amazing Amphibians Celebrating a Decade of Amphibian Conservation
    QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOOS AND AQUARIA AUTUMNZ 2018OO QUARIAISSUE 102 AMAZING AMPHIBIANS CELEBRATING A DECADE OF AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION A giant challenge BUILDING A FUTURE FOR THE CHINESE GIANT SALAMANDER 1 Taking a Leap PROTECTING DARWIN’S FROG IN CHILE Give your visitors a digital experience Add a new dimension to your visitor experience with the Aratag app – for museums, parks and tourist www.aratag.com attractions of all kinds. Aratag is a fully-integrated information system featuring a CMS and universal app that visitors download to their smart devices. The app runs automatically when it detects a nearby facility using the Aratag system. With the power of Aratag’s underlying client CMS system, zoos, aquariums, museums and other tourist attractions can craft customized, site-specifi c app content for their visitors. Aratag’s CMS software makes it easy for you to create and update customized app content, including menus, text, videos, AR, and active links. Aratag gives you the power to intelligently monitor visitors, including demographics and visitor fl ows, visit durations, preferred attractions, and more. You can also send push messages through the app, giving your visitors valuable information such as feeding times, closing time notices, transport information, fi re alarms, evacuation routes, lost and found, etc. Contact Pangea Rocks for an on-site demonstration of how Aratag gives you the power to deliver enhanced visitor experiences. Contact us for more information: Address: Aratag is designed and Email: [email protected] Aratag / Pangea Rocks A/S developed by Pangea Rocks A/S Phone: +45 60 94 34 32 Navervej 13 in collaboration with Aalborg Mobile : +45 53 80 34 32 6800 Varde, Denmark University.
    [Show full text]