DOCSLIB.ORG

Revista Istorică

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revista Istorică REVISTA ISTORICĂ SERIE NOUĂ TOMUL XXIII, NR. 3–4 mai – august 2012 S U M A R RELIGIE ŞI CONFESIUNE – CONFLICTE ŞI COEXISTENŢĂ ANDREI TIMOTIN, Les conversions des Juifs dans l’Empire byzantin et leur image dans l’hagiographie (IXe–XIe siècles)................................................................................... 207 IONUŢ-ALEXANDRU TUDORIE, Patriarhul Athanasios I (1289–1293; 1303–1309) şi arseniţii: o scrisoare patriarhală împotriva schismaticilor ............................................ 219 ŞERBAN MARIN, Venice – Obstacle for the Crusades? The Venetian Chronicles’ Point of View......................................................................................................................... 251 ALEXANDRU SIMON, Valahii de la Marea Neagră şi valahii din Ungaria în cruciada anului 1476................................................................................................................... 269 RAFAEL-DORIAN CHELARU, Between Coexistence and Assimilation: Catholic Identity and Islam in the Western Balkans (Seventeenth–Eighteenth Centuries)......... 291 MONARHIA ROMÂNĂ – PERSPECTIVE ŞI INTERPRETĂRI FLORIN ANGHEL, Polonia prin ochii unei regine: regele Ferdinand şi regina Maria la Varşovia (iunie 1923)................................................................................................... 325 FLORIN MÜLLER, Perspective teoretice şi atitudini politice faţă de monarhie în România interbelică..................................................................................................................... 341 COSTEL COROBAN, Playboy King? The Political Thought of Carol II of Romania between Idealism and Realism before World War II ................................................... 355 REORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIVĂ – MIZE ŞI CONSECINŢE MIOARA ANTON, Un proiect controversat: Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară – de la modelul stalinist la recurenţa naţionalistă .................................................................... 375 ANDREI FLORIN SORA, Comunizarea administraţiei româneşti: sfaturile populare (1949–1950)................................................................................................................. 393 „Revista istorică”, tom XXIII, 2012, nr. 3–4, p. 203–410 HISTORICAL REVIEW NEW SERIES TOME XXIII, NOS. 3–4 May – August 2012 C O N T E N T S RELIGION AND DENOMINATION – CONFLICTS AND COEXISTENCE ANDREI TIMOTIN, Les conversions des Juifs dans l’Empire byzantin et leur image dans l’hagiographie (IXe–XIe siècles)................................................................................... 207 IONUŢ-ALEXANDRU TUDORIE, Patriarch Athanasios I (1289–1293; 1303–1309) and the Arsenites: A Patriarchal Letter against Schismatics ............................................... 219 ŞERBAN MARIN, Venice – Obstacle for the Crusades? The Venetian Chronicles’ Point of View......................................................................................................................... 251 ALEXANDRU SIMON, The Walachians at the Black Sea and the Walachians in Hungary in the Crusade of the Year 1476................................................................................... 269 RAFAEL-DORIAN CHELARU, Between Coexistence and Assimilation: Catholic Identity and Islam in the Western Balkans (Seventeenth–Eighteenth Centuries)......... 291 THE ROMANIAN MONARCHY – APPROACHES AND INTERPRETATIONS FLORIN ANGHEL, Poland through the Eyes of a Queen: King Ferdinand and Queen Marie in Warsaw (June 1923) ...................................................................................... 325 FLORIN MÜLLER, Theoretical Perspectives and Political Attitudes towards Monarchy in Interwar Romania......................................................................................................... 341 COSTEL COROBAN, Playboy King? The Political Thought of Carol II of Romania between Idealism and Realism before World War II ................................................... 355 ADMINISTRATIVE REORGANIZATION – STAKES AND CONSEQUENCES MIOARA ANTON, A Controversial Project: The Magyar Autonomous Region, from the Stalinist Model to Nationalist Recurrence.................................................................... 375 ANDREI FLORIN SORA, The Communization of Romanian Administration: The People’s Councils (1949–1950) ................................................................................... 393 „Revista istorică”, tom XXIII, 2012, nr. 3–4, p. 203–410 RELIGIE ŞI CONFESIUNE – CONFLICTE ŞI COEXISTENŢĂ LES CONVERSIONS DES JUIFS DANS L’EMPIRE BYZANTIN ET LEUR IMAGE DANS L’HAGIOGRAPHIE (IXe–XIe SIÈCLES)* ANDREI TIMOTIN** La présence des Juifs dans l’Empire byzantin, difficile à quantifier surtout pour l’Antiquité tardive, est néanmoins attestée sans solution de continuité jusqu’au XVe siècle1. Elle a connu une large distribution géographique et un flux migratoire relativement constant, notamment de l’Égypte et des autres pays de l’Islam vers l’Empire. Les communautés juives étaient majoritairement des communautés urbaines, engagées dans des activités économiques comme l’artisanat, notamment dans l’industrie textile et le commerce2. Selon Benjamin de Tudèle, voyageur dans l’Empire vers 1160, les plus importantes communautés juives se trouvaient à Constantinople (environ 2 500 Juifs, probablement 1 % de la population), à Thèbes (environ 2 000) et à Thessalonique (environ 500)3. À Constantinople, au début du XIe siècle, les Juifs résidaient surtout le long de la Corne d’Or, dans la région réservée aux marchands étrangers, pour être transférés en 1044, par édit impérial, dans le quartier de Péra, de l’autre côté de la Corne d’Or, où ils vivaient dans un état de relatif cloisonnement jusqu’à l’incendie du quartier en 12034. Ce sont les seuls sujets de l’Empire à être soumis à cette ségrégation collective destinée à les rendre plus faciles à contrôler du point de vue * Recherche financée dans le cadre du projet Ştiinţele socio-umaniste în contextul evoluţiei globalizate – dezvoltarea şi implementarea programului de studii şi cercetare postdoctorală, code POSDRU/89/S/1.5/61104, co-financé par le Fonds Social Européen à travers le Programme Opérationnel Sectoriel Développement des Ressources Humaines 2007–2013. ** Institut d’études sud-est européennes, Bucarest ; [email protected]. 1 Sur les Juifs de l’Empire byzantin, voir notamment Joshua Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire, 641–1204, Athènes, 1939 ; Zvi Ankori, Karaites in Byzantium. The Formative Years, 970– 1100, New York, 1959 ; Andrew Sharf, Byzantine Jewry. From Justinian to the Fourth Crusade, Londres, 1971 ; Jews in Byzantium. Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, éd. par Robert Bonfil, Oded Irshai, Guy G. Stroumsa, Rina Talgam, Leyde-Boston, 2012. 2 Sur les activités économiques des Juifs à Byzance, voir en dernier lieu David Jacoby, The Jews in the Byzantine Economy (Seventh to Mid-Fifteenth Century), dans Jews in Byzantium, éd. par R. Bonfil et al., pp. 219–255. 3 Voir J. Starr, op. cit., pp. 228–230. Voir aussi Nicholas De Lange, Hebrews, Greeks or Romans ? Jewish Culture and Identity in Byzantium, dans Strangers to Themselves. The Byzantine Outsider, éd. par D.C. Smythe, Aldershot, 2000, pp. 105–118, ici p. 106. 4 Voir David Jacoby, Les quartiers juifs de Constantinople, dans « Byzantion », 37, 1967, pp. 167–227 ; Idem, The Jews of Constantinople and Their Demographic Hinterland, dans Constantinople and Its Hinterland, éd. par C. Mango, G. Dagron, Aldershot, 1995, pp. 221–232. „Revista istorică”, tom XXIII, 2012, nr. 3–4, p. 207–217 208 Andrei Timotin 2 économique, politique et religieux ; une ségrégation qui peut se convertir en stigmatisation, comme il arrive en 1044, quand l’empereur Constantin IX expulse tous les Juifs de Constantinople, à côté des Arméniens et des Arabes, censés être à l’origine des troubles qui agitaient la ville à cette époque5. Cette politique se reflète dans la législation impériale, qui les marginalise progressivement. Après la proclamation du christianisme comme religion d’État en 380, l’identité religieuse devient le repère en fonction duquel se définit le statut de l’individu dans la société. L’unité religieuse de l’Empire, corollaire de son unité politique, engendre et justifie l’intolérance vis-à-vis des minorités religieuses. Dès le Ve siècle, les Juifs sont exclus de l’armée, de l’administration et des charges publiques, et à partir de 531 ils sont disqualifiés en tant que témoins contre les chrétiens6. L’Église achève et consacre cette marginalisation sociale, en dépossédant les Juifs de leur identité religieuse. En assumant l’héritage religieux juif, elle se définit dès lors comme le vrai Israël et comme le seul exégète autorisé de l’Écriture. Distillées, les invectives adressées aux Juifs se convertissent en genre littéraire, les textes polémiques anti-judaïques étant une constante de la littérature ecclésiastique byzantine7. Discrédités par l’accusation de déicide, les Juifs personnifient l’incroyance et la négation du christianisme et se voient progressivement déshumanisés et démonisés par une série de stéréotypes renforcés par la querelle iconoclaste, qui engendra un nouveau type d’accusation contre les Juifs : ils auraient profané et détruit les icônes – par exemple l’icône du Christ conservée au Saint Puits de Sainte-Sophie qu’un Juif aurait poignardée8 –, ce qui n’est au fond qu’une réitération du déicide. Ces clichés, assumés, totalement ou partiellement, par la société, recoupent les craintes et les soupçons naturellement engendrés par l’altérité des Juifs,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • British Clandestine Activities in Romania During the Second World
    British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War This page intentionally left blank British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War Dennis Deletant Visiting ‘Ion Ra¸tiu’ Professor of Romanian Studies, Georgetown University, USA © Dennis Deletant 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978–1–137–57451–0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • V. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010
    THIRD SECTION CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) STOP STRASBOURG 27 May 2010 DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010 This judgment has become final under Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to formal amendments. CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA In the case of de Hohenzollern (of Romania) v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting in a Chamber composed of : Josep Casadevall, President, Elisabet Fura, Corneliu Bîrsan, Boštjan M. Zupančič, Egbert Myjer, Luis López Guerra, Ann Power, judges, and Stanley Naismith, Deputy Section Registrar, After deliberation in chambers on 4 May 2010, delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 18811/02) against Romania lodged with the Court on 22 April 2002 under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by two British and Romanian nationals, Mr Carol Mircea Grigore de Hohenzollern (of Romania) and Mr Paul Philip de Hohenzollern (of Romania) respectively. The applicants are represented by Tamara Solecki, a London lawyer. 2. The Romanian Government ("the Government") is represented by its Agent, Mr Răzvan-Horaţiu Radu, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3. Following the death of the first applicant, his wife, Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern, and his son, the second applicant, expressed a wish to continue the proceedings on 16 February 2006. Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern also died in 2007, leaving Mrs Emma Louise Ropner as her heir, who did not send the Court a request to continue the proceedings.
    [Show full text]
  • Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Against King Carol
    Reluctant Allies? Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu against King Carol II of Romania Introduction Iuliu Maniu is today regarded as the principle upholder of democratic and constitutional propriety in interwar Romania. As leader of the Romanian National Peasant Party throughout much of the interwar period and the Second World War, he is generally considered to have tried to steer Romania away from dictatorship and towards democracy. Nevertheless, in 1947 Maniu was arrested and tried for treason together with other leaders of the National Peasant Party by the communist authorities. The charges brought against Maniu included having links to the ‘terrorist’ and fascist Romanian Legionary movement (also known as the Iron Guard). The prosecutors drew attention not only to the entry of former legionaries into National Peasant Party organizations in the autumn of 1944, but also to Maniu’s electoral non- aggression pact of 1937 with the Legionary movement’s leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. The pact had been drawn up to prevent the incumbent National Liberal government manipulating the elections of December 1937. Maniu had subsequently acted as defence a witness at Codreanu’s trial in 1938. 1 Since the legionaries were regarded by the communists as the agents of Nazism in Romania, Maniu was accordingly accused of having encouraged the growth of German influence and fascism in Romania.2 Maniu was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in Sighet prison in 1953. Possibly no single act of Maniu’s interwar career was more condemned within Romanian communist historiography than his electoral pact with the allegedly Nazi- 1 Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă (ed.), Procesul lui Iuliu Maniu, Documentele procesului conducătorilor Partidului Naţional Ţărănesc, 3 volumes, Bucharest, 2001, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse
    Lund UniversityLund University STMV 23, 2017 PoliticalPolitical Science Science Department Department Superviser: Magnus Jerneck MasterMaster of European Of European Affairs Affairs Superviser: STVM 23, Magnus 2017 Jerneck Continuities and Changes of Europe in Romanian National Discourse A thematic analysis of Romania`s chiefs of state speeches, between 1931 and 2016 Mihail Nejneru Lund University Political Science Department Superviser: Magnus Jerneck Master of European Affairs STVM 23, 2017 Abstract There are several problems when studying, as this thesis, the interplay between the concepts of Europe and of nation, in an official discourse of a state. One is that these concepts are largely seen as being in a dichotomous position. This research argues about the importance of changing the perception about the various way the concepts can relate to each other. The study considers the representations of the nation and of Europe as correlated. Consequently, the idea of Europe is modified over time according to the political culture type. The peculiarities of the case selection: Romania, as two violent regime changes, amplifies the effects of this multi faced process of conferring meanings to Europe. First, the communist regime crafted its own national narrative by mixing soviet supranational elements with a strong nationalistic rhetoric. This was done also with the use of Protochronism, a Romanian term, describing the process to ascribe, with the use of questionable data and by questionable interpretations, an idealised past to the country. Second, the post-communist elites could not decide what stance should be adopted towards pre-communist and communist regimes. The implications for the concept of Europe were discovered using a thematic analysis on 25 New Year’s Eve messages of Romanians chiefs of the state, transmitted from 1931 to 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Nr. 1/2006 Few Days, in 1893
    TABLE OF CONTENTS SOMMAIRE ABSTRACTS ...............................2 RÉSUMÉS .................................2 EDITORIAL ÉDITORIAL ”Don Giovanni renditi!” ”Don Giovanni renditi!” Dan Erceanu . 5 Dan Erceanu . 5 EVENT ÉVÉNEMENT Carol I Year (1866-2006) - a bibliological L’Année Carol I (1866-2006) – une évaluation evaluation bibliologique Royal House of Romania; publisher’s agenda: La Maison Royale de Roumanie et l’agenda foreign and Romanian Books published between de l’édition. Des livres roumains et étrangers 1990-2006 . .7 publiés entre 1990 / 2006 . .7 Describing a bibliophilic edition: Pierre Loti – La manière de monter une édition bibliophile. Une exilée Pierre Loti – Une exilée. Mariana Jaklovsky . 21 Mariana Jaklovsky . 21 Evidence of royalty in a private archive from Les traces de la Royauté dans une archive Romania. Interview with the bibliophile personnelle en Roumanie. Dialogue avec le Ion C.Rogojanu. .31 bibliophile Ion C. Rogojanu . .31 Queen Mary and the ornamental art in Romania La Reine Maria et les arts décoratifs en Roumanie Iuliana Crenguõa Iordåchescu. 40 Iuliana Crenguõa Iordåchescu. 40 G. Teodorescu-Kirileanu – the cultural biography G. Teodorescu-Kirileanu – la biographie of a beneficent man culturelle d’un grand homme généreux. Letiõia Constantin . 42 Letiõia Constantin . 42 An illustrated history of the Romanian royal court Une histoire en images de la Maison Royale Ana Pleøia............................54 Roumaine Ana Pleøia............................54 The National Library of Romania celebrates Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791) La Bibliothèque Nationale de Roumanie fête W.A. Mozart - a composer for the eternity Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791).20 Ana Maria Comøa......................60 W.A. Mozart – un compositeur pour l’éternité Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the Music Library Ana Maria Comøa......................60 from the National Music University of Bucharest Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart et la Médiathèque de Maria Cioponea .
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 2, No. 2 (2020) JRS 2:2 Journal Journal of Romanian Studies: Vol
    JRS 2:2 Journal of Romanian Studies: Vol. 2, No. 2 (2020) Journal of Romanian Studies: Vol. 2, No. 2 (2020) Editors: Peter Gross and Diane Vancea Review editor: Iuliu Ratiu Journal of Special Issue: Law, History, and Justice in Romania Edited by Mihaela Ş erban, Monica Ciobanu Mihaela Şerban, Monica Ciobanu Law, History, and Justice in Romania: New Directions in Law and Society Research Cosmin Cercel Reversing Liberal Legality: Romania’s Path to Dictatorship, 1930–1938 Ştefan Cristian Ionescu Perceptions of Legality during the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944 Mihaela Şerban Litigating Identity in Fascist and Post-Fascist Romania, 1940–1945 Romanian Monica Ciobanu Writing History Through Trials: The Case of the National Peasant Party Emanuela Grama Restitution Reversal or “Re-nationalization”? An Analysis of Law, Property, and History Through the Case of the “Szekely Mikó” High School in Transylvania Studies Simona Livescu Institutional Memories and Transgenerational Dynamics: The House of Terror and the Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance Dragoş Petrescu Law in Action in Romania, 2008–2018: Context, Agency, and Inno- vation in the Process of Transitional Justice Reviews on: Marian Voicu, Matrioka Mincinoilor: Fake News, Manipulare, Populism Matei Clinescu, Ion Vianu, Scrisori din exil: coresponden inedit, Cuvânt înainte de Ion Vianu, Not asupra ediiei de Adriana Clinescu. Vol. 2, No. 2 (2020) ISBN: 978-3-8382-1479-5 ibidem ibidem JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN STUDIES Vol. 2, No. 2 (2020) JRS editors Peter Gross and Diane Vancea JRS review editor Iuliu Ratiu JRS Editorial Assistant Claudia Lonkin About the Society for Romanian Studies THE SOCIETY FOR ROMANIAN STUDIES (SRS) is an international interdiscipli- nary academic organization founded in 1973 and dedicated to promoting research and critical studies on all aspects of Romanian and Moldovan cul- ture and society.
    [Show full text]
  • Assimilation, Segregation, Integration: State Control on Minority Policies in Modern Romania (1918-2007)
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 6-2011 Assimilation, Segregation, Integration: State Control on Minority Policies in Modern Romania (1918-2007) Doina Anca Cretu College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Cretu, Doina Anca, "Assimilation, Segregation, Integration: State Control on Minority Policies in Modern Romania (1918-2007)" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 436. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/436 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction Looking back across Romania‟s twentieth century, Romanian philosopher Emil Cioran once said: "Some countries are blessed with a sort of grace: everything works for them, even their misfortunes and their catastrophes. There are others for whom nothing succeeds and whose very triumphs are but failures. When they try to assert themselves and take a step forward, some external fate intervenes to break their momentum and return them to their starting point."1 Interestingly enough, this particular concept of fate has always been part of socio-political discourse in Romania. Often times the focus shifted towards the benefits of a suprastate, mirrored by what is often called a Romanian inability for decision- making. The idea of the impossibility for Romanians to make their own decisions and determine their own fate has, in fact, become a national cliché as of late.
    [Show full text]
  • Iuliu Maniu and the Romanian Legionary Movement After The
    ‘Without the Captain’: Iuliu Maniu and the Romanian Legionary Movement after the Death of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Author(s): Rebecca Haynes Source: The Slavonic and East European Review , Vol. 97, No. 2 (April 2019), pp. 299-341 Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.97.2.0299 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Slavonic and East European Review This content downloaded from 128.41.35.4 on Mon, 09 Dec 2019 11:59:45 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms ‘Without the Captain’:1 Iuliu Maniu and the Romanian Legionary Movement after the Death of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu REBECCA HAYNES Introduction A previous article in this journal explored the links between Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the founder and leader of the Romanian Legionary movement (also known as
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45–1948/49
    SOVIET OCCUPATION OF ROMANIA, HUNGARY, AND AUSTRIA 1944/45–1948/49 i6 szovjet 00 book.indb 1 2015.02.17. 6:53 i6 szovjet 00 book.indb 2 2015.02.17. 6:53 SOVIET OCCUPATION OF ROMANIA, HUNGARY, AND AUSTRIA 1944/45–1948/49 Edited by Csaba Békés, László Borhi, Peter Ruggenthaler, and Ottmar Traşcă Members of editorial board Dieter Bacher, Florian Banu, Magdolna Baráth, Dorin Dobrincu, Walter M. Iber, Stefan Karner, Harald Knoll, Claudiu Secaşiu, Tamás Stark, Barbara Stelzl-Marx, and Virgiliu Ţârău Editorial assistant Silke Stern Translators Alex J. Kay, Matthew William Caples, Cătălin Cristoloveanu, Otmar Binder, and Julija Schellander Central European University Press Budapest–New York i6 szovjet 00 book.indb 3 2015.02.17. 6:53 © 2015 Csaba Békés, László Borhi, Peter Ruggenthaler, Ottmar Traşcă Published in 2015 by Central European University Press An imprint of the Central European University Limited Liability Company Nádor utca 11, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary Tel: +36-1-327-3138 or 327-3000 Fax: +36-1-327-3183 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ceupress.com 224 West 57th Street, New York NY 10019, USA Tel: +1-212-547-6932 Fax: +1-646-557-2416 E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Publisher. The research project was sponsored by: Zukunftsfonds der Republik Österreich (Pro- ject number: P1-0758 “Sowjetische Besatzung Österreichs, Ungarns und Rumäniens 1944/45 – 1949 in Dokumenten. Ein Vergleich”) and: Austrian Cultural Forum Budapest ISBN 978-963-386-075-5 cloth Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Printed in Hungary i6 szovjet 00 book.indb 4 2015.02.17.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergence of Monarchies? a Comparative Study of Three East European Countries
    Emergence of monarchies? A Comparative study of three East European countries Peter Sundström 2014-04-19 Supervisor: Sten Berglund Date of examination: 2014-06-04 Abstract This study aims to find out why there is a growing demand for monarchic forms of governments in some East European transition countries such as Serbia and Romania but not to the same extent in other comparable transition countries like Bulgaria? This study uses two contemporary theories, beginning here with a historical-institutional approach which emphasizes path dependency and critical junctures as explanations for support of a monarchy- institutional tradition. The other approach used in this study is not actually a theory in a strict sense but rather an index of explanation values, derived from Inglehart & Welzel’s World Value Survey. It has the ability to show how post-communist countries were facing a revitalization of traditional values such as nationalism, which created a window of opportunity and created a more fruitful environment for monarchy-associated ideals. The study conducts a comparative analysis of a type called most similar systems design (mssd), which is a method used to highlight differences between the objects of a case study, in this case Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria and their domestic monarchy aspirations. As a result of the method described above, the study uses a set of independent variables upon the dependent one in each case, which is support for monarchy. This allows the study identify the key variables that can explain the outcome; differences in monarchy support. Keywords: monarchy, support, critical junctures, traditional values. 1 Contents 1 Primary focus .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical and Current State of Romanian-Russian Relations
    DEFENCE, FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY THE HISTORICAL AND CURRENT STATE OF ROMANIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS TOMASZ PORĘBA • STANISŁAW GÓRKA • ARMAND GOSU • OCTAVIAN MANEA • CORINA REBEGEA • ZUZANNA CHORABIK www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform Established by Margaret Thatcher, New Direction is Europe’s leading free market political foundation & publisher with offices in Brussels, London, Rome & Warsaw. New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. REGISTERED OFFICE: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Naweed Khan. www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. Sole liability rests with the author. TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL by Tomasz Poręba 7 1 RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN ROMANIA Conversation with Stanisław Górka, PhD 8 2 ROMANIA IN A CHANGING GLOBAL CONTEXT: 20 RELATIONS WITH THE US AND RUSSIA by Armand Gosu & Octavian Manea 3 RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN ROMANIA by Corina Rebegea 30 4 IS ROMANIA A ‘NATURAL’ ENEMY OF RUSSIA? by Zuzanna Chorabik 54 APPENDIX 62 New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform EDITORIAL Tomasz Piotr Poręba Tomasz Poręba is a Member of the European Parliament and President of New Direction – The Foundation for European Reform. THE HISTORICAL AND ussia has been a significant neighbour and its attempts to undermine European unity through regional actor for Romania since the end of energy interests, political funding and media (dis) R the Communist regime in 1989. Russia has information. CURRENT STATE OF been perceived in Romania as a threat for much of its history.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Marshal Ion Antonescu in Post-Communist Romanian
    THE ‘RETRIAL’ OF MARSHAL ION ANTONESCU IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY by Chiriac Bogdan Submitted to Central European University Nationalism Studies Program In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Professor Michael Stewart CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary, May 2008 Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the remarkable turnabout in the interpretation of Ion Antonescu and his authoritarian regime in Post-Communist Romanian historiography. Specifically, I intend to analyze how the present-day apologists of Ion Antonescu reopened the discussions over the trial of the major war criminals (May 1946) with the purpose of uncovering its alleged procedural errors and ‘politicization’. The real motivation behind these efforts was to shift attention away from the real content of the charges that were brought against Ion Antonescu and cast the former ruler in the role of a ‘victim’ of the Communist takeover that was ‘undeservedly’ put on trial and ‘unjustly’ sentenced to death. I argue that these attempts to lessen the magnitude of Ion Antonescu’s crimes are part of a wider rehabilitation trend that aims to transform the wartime ruler into a patriot and anti-Communist of almost mythical proportions. Key-words: Ion Antonescu, political trial, historiography, manipulation of history, rehabilitation. CEU eTD Collection 2 Acknowledgements I would like to like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Professor Constantin Iordachi and Professor Michael Stewart, for their invaluable assistance and guidance throughout the entire writing process. I owe a special debt to Professor Michael Miller, whose useful comments helped me improve both the structure and the content of this paper.
    [Show full text]