DOCSLIB.ORG

Revolutionizing Romania from the Right

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revolutionizing Romania from the Right Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw REVOLUTIONIZING ROMANIA FROM THE RIGHT: THE REGENERATIVE PROJECT OF THE ROMANIAN LEGIONARY MOVEMENT AND ITS FAILURE (1927 - 1937) Valentin Adrian Săndulescu A DISSERTATION in History Presented to the Faculties of the Central European University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Budapest, Hungary 2010 CEU eTD Collection Supervisor of Dissertation Professor ROUMEN DASKALOV ______________________ Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw Copyright in the text of this dissertation rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions and no materials previously written and/or published by another person unless otherwise noted. ii Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw ABSTRACT Rewriting and rethinking history in every generation as a way to mediate, like a translator, between past and present represents the function of a historian, as Peter Burke aptly stated. The current dissertation aimed at finding a way to make sense of a past time such as the interwar period, and especially of the emergence and development of fascism in the Romanian context. By placing the dissertation in the proximity of the “culturalist” approach I have started from a research hypothesis which assesses that fascism is a “coherent body of thought” (Roger Eatwell) a revolutionary political ideology which puts forward as its principal aim the necessity to regenerate a so-called state of decay and decline by bringing about a “new man” and a “new order.” Analyzing fascism from within, and considering it as a solid ideological construct, I wanted to better understand the diverse social support it garnered and the mass appeal that assured its political success in various contexts. Using archival material and interwar newspapers, journals and publications, I have attempted to understand the mass-appeal enjoyed by fascism in Romania in the 1930s and to explain the elements that attracted so many followers to the Legion, especially from the young generation. The thesis was structured having in mind the chronological aspect, with 1927 as the founding year of the Legion and 1937 being its most successful one. Furthermore the thesis focused on certain topics of interest, such as the “1922 student generation” and its political commitment, the adherence of the Axa group of intellectuals to the Iron Guard, the legionary work camp system, the social base of the legion and its political success in the 1937 elections. What I have tried to show throughout the dissertation was that the Legionary regenerative project aimed at saving the country from a perceived state of decay by creating a “new man” and a “new order” was regarded by many as a viable, albeit radical solution, and also satisfied the need for political activism for a great part of CEU eTD Collection the young generation. Its ultimate failure, together with its violent record and tragic outcome are part of the one of the darkest chapters in twentieth-century Romanian history. iii Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout the years needed for the preparation and writing of this dissertation I have been helped and guided by many people, and the debts I have incurred were numerous. Professor Roumen Daskalov agreed to supervise my research and I want to thank him for that. I am grateful to Sorin Antohi for his constant and generous support throughout the years. I would also like to express my warmest thanks to Professors Constantin Iordachi, Alfred J. Rieber, Balázs Trencsényi and Marsha Siefert and also to the History Department Doctoral Studies Committee for their dedication and willingness to help. Many friends and colleagues encouraged me in my study and provided useful feed-back whenever I needed it. Thus, I express my gratitude to Eugen Stancu, Narcis Tulbure, Cristian Vasile, Anca ܇incan, Răzvan Pârâianu, Steliu Lambru, Marius Turda, Chris Davis, Luciana Ghica, and many others here unnamed. The Centre for Advanced Study in Sofia and the New Europe College in Bucharest were two gracious hosts for my academic projects, and provided a highly stimulating intellectual environment which enabled me to rethink and improve my research. Last but not least, I owe my greatest debt of all to my family. My wife, Loredana, my parents and my brother supported and encouraged me all these years and for that I will be forever grateful to them. CEU eTD Collection iv Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw Table of Contents Abstract ...………………………………………………………………………………iii Acknowledgements...………………………………………………………………...iv List of Illustrations .…………………………………………………………………..vii Introduction......................................................................................................... 1 1. East-Central Europe after the ‘Great War’ and Romania’s Challenges in the Postwar Context ...……………………………………………………………… 4 2. Fascism as a Revolutionary, Regenerative Ideology: the Question of the “New Man” and the “New Order” – a Historiographical Appraisal ...………10 2.1. Developments in Western Historiography on Fascism ..……………. 11 2.2. Developments in Romanian Historiography on Fascism……………. 21 3. Sources, Methodology and Structure...…...………………………………… 30 Chapter I. Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and the “Prehistory” of the Romanian Legionary Movement (1916 - 1927) ………………………………… 39 I. 1. The Bases of Codreanu’s Radicalism: from the War Front to the University Front (1916 - 1922)……………………………………………39 I. 2. The 1922 anti-Semitic Student Strikes and the Birth of the “1922 Generation”.……………………………………………………………….. 43 I. 3. Old and the New Together: Codreanu’s Activity within A.C. Cuza’s National-Christian Defense League, from Cooperation to Generational Conflict..…………………………………………………………………….54 Chapter II: Establishing the Legion: the Founding of the Legion of the Archangel Michael and its Development in the first Years of Existence (1927 - 1932) .……………………………………………… 63 CEU eTD Collection II. 1. Separating the Boys from the Men – the Founding of the Legion of the Archangel Michael: 3ământul Strămoоesc, Generation Conflict and the Structuring of the Movement ……………………………………………. 63 II. 2. Working the Provinces – the Local Character of the Legion in Its Incipient Years and the First Electoral Breakthroughs.......………………………92 v Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw Chapter III: 1933 as the Year of Great Transformations …………………….104 III. 1. The Axa Group and the Ideological Crystallization of the Legionary Movement: Intellectuals and Politics within the Movement ....………105 III. 2. The 1933 Electoral Battle: Antidemocratic Views, Violence, and Political Assassination………………………………………………...…………...129 Chapter IV. The “Silent Work”: How the Legion Put its Political Project into Practice and Became a Mass-Movement ……………………….133 IV. 1. Repression, Dissent and Recovery: the Legionary Movement in the Years 1934-1936 .....……………………………………………………133 IV. 2. Working towards Regeneration: the Legionary Work Camp System ………………………………………………………………………….…….150 IV. 3. Social Components of the Legionary Movement - Expansion through Diversification: the Role of the Student Body and of the Workers; Women and the Legion ………………………………………………...161 Chapter V. 1937 as the Peak of the Legionary Regenerative Project: from the MoĠa – Marin Burial to the Parliamentary Elections .…….180 V. 1. Sacralised Politics in Action: the February 1937 Burial of the Romanian Legionary Leaders Ion MoĠa and Vasile Marin ………………..………..180 V. 2. Fighting Against the State: the Legion’s Quest for Electoral Success in 1937 …………………………………………………………………………203 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………………221 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………...230 CEU eTD Collection vi Ch F-X ang PD e w w m w Click to buy NOW! o . .c tr e ac ar ker-softw LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS II. 1: The “Christian Cultural Hostel” from Ia܈i (1927)……………………………...82 II. 2: The leather pouch that contained the samples of soil that were given to every legionary at the November 8, 1927ceremony...……………………….90 II. 3: The first group of legionaries saluting the leaders in 1927...………………..91 II. 4: Page from the legionary journal 3ământul Strămoоesc which described in enthusiastic terms the Nazi congress from Nürnberg, August 1928..……..92 IV.1: Outline of the site of the legionary work camp on Rarău Mountain done by the local police (1934)………………………………………………………….154 IV.2: Group of legionaries in the Rarău work camp (1934)………………………156 IV.3: Students marching on the streets of Târgu Mure܈ in legionary uniforms (1936)……………………………………………………………………………166 IV. 4: Students doing the legionary salute in front of the Orthodox Cathedral from Târgu Mure܈ (1936)……………………………………………………………167 IV. 5: Female legionaries from CernăX܊i at the student congress in Târgu Mure܈ (April 1936)...……………………………………………………………………174 V. 1: The Legionary group of volunteers for the Spanish Civil War in a group photo, before departure (November 1936)…………………………………..185
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IN SEARCH of COHERENCE Why the EU and Member States Hardly Fostered Resilience in Mali
    Working Paper No. 9 April 2021 IN SEARCH OF COHERENCE Why the EU and Member States Hardly Fostered Resilience in Mali Léonard Colomba-Petteng This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 769886 The EU-LISTCO Working Papers are peer-reviewed research papers published based on research from the EU Horizon 2020 funded project no. 769886 entitled Europe’s External Action and the Dual Challenges of Limited Statehood and Contested Orders which runs from March 2018 to February 2021. EU-LISTCO investigates the challenges posed to European foreign policy by identifying risks connected to areas of limited statehood and contested orders. Through the analysis of the EU Global Strategy and Europe’s foreign policy instruments, the project assesses how the preparedness of the EU and its member states can be strengthened to better anticipate, prevent and respond to threats of governance breakdown and to foster resilience in Europe’s neighbourhoods. Continuous knowledge exchange between researchers and foreign policy practitioners is the cornerstone of EU-LISTCO. Since the project's inception, a consortium of fourteen leading universities and think tanks have been working together to develop policy recommendations for the EU’s external action toolbox, in close coordination with European decision-makers. FOR MORE INFORMATION: EU-LISTCO WORKING PAPERS SERIES: EU-LISTCO PROJECT: Saime Ozcurumez, Editor Elyssa Shea Senem Yıldırım, Assistant Editor Freie Universität Berlin
    [Show full text]
  • Pag 1 Document1.Qxd.Qxd
    Anul VIII Nr. 3 (61) Iunie 2011 FEREASTRA 5 lei Revistă editată de Asociaţia Culturală „Agatha Grigorescu Bacovia” - Mizil Ceva din mine trece în toate scrierile mele A murit Fănuş Neagu Interviu cu dl. Academician Eugen Simion realizat de Emil Proşcan timate domnule deam, visez şi azi că trebuie să dau examene Academician dificile... Ca să zic aşa: pe ce se bazează? Nu SEugen Simion, ştiu. N-am chestionat niciodată un specialist biografia dumnea- în vise. Mama mea avea pentru orice vis o voastră poate fi rezu- interpretare: de visezi copil mic e necaz, de mată astfel: critic şi visezi apă lină nu-i bine, de visezi câine rău, istoric literar, editor, iarăşi nu-i bine, înseamnă că duşmanii îţi ţin eseist, profesor uni- calea etc. Am şi alte amintiri, fireşte. Îmi versitar, membru al amintesc, de pildă, de profesorul nostru de Academiei Române română Gh. Milca, un om inimos, fost student şi preşedintele aces- al lui G. Ibrăileanu (este cel dintâi care mi-a tul înalt for în peri- pus o carte de critică literară în mână şi mi-a oada 1998 – 2006, Director general al Insti- dăruit Opera lui Eminescu de G. Călinescu!), tutului de Istorie şi Teorie Literară „George de profesorul Nicolae Simache, personaj mitic Călinescu” din Bucureşti, născut la 25 mai în învăţământul prahovean, elev al lui N. Ior- Printre multele lucruri pe care 1933, în localitatea Chiojdeanca, judeţul Pra- ga, om ciudat, sever peste măsură şi, în acelaşi Dumnezeu m-a ajutat să le împlinesc a fost hova... Vă propun să începem cu această timp, grijuliu cu noi, elevii, pe scurt: un pă- şi acela de a-l cunoaşte pe Fănuş Neagu! localizare spaţio-temporară: Ce înseamnă rinte bun, de profesorul C.
    [Show full text]
  • International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXIII No 2 2017 the INTERNATIONAL IMAGE of ION I. C. BRĂTI
    International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXIII No 2 2017 THE INTERNATIONAL IMAGE OF ION I. C. BRĂTIANU IN 1919 Gheorghe CALCAN Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, Romania [email protected] Abstract: Our paper aims to present how Ion I. C. Brătianu was perceived outside national borders in a very important moment of the Romanian national history, namely the international recognition of the Great Union, within the Peace Conference at Paris-Versailles in 1919 -1920. Ion I. C. Brătianu was at that moment Prime Minister and the leader of the Romanian delegation at Versailles. Foreign countries perceived him as a very powerful personality, capable to influence other states with similar interests in Central and South Eastern Europe. Brătianu stoutly and patriotically defended the Romanian interests. Therefore, although his position was correct, it came into conflict with the interests of the great powers. Brătianu would not give up his principles and decided to leave the Peace Conference. French media was objective in their accounts and proved favourable to the Romanian position. Keywords: Ion I. C. Brătianu, image abroad 1. Introduction Brătianu – president of the Council of The end of the First World War, as well as Ministers [2]. the consecration of the new geopolitical The first exposition I. I. C. Brătianu gave on realities and of the new European territorial Romania’s rights over the newly united configuration, as drawn within the Peace provinces was held in early February, speech Conference in Paris (1919-1920), that triggered several commentaries in the represented a milestone for the Romanian international press. In the 2 February 1919 diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • British Clandestine Activities in Romania During the Second World
    British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War This page intentionally left blank British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War Dennis Deletant Visiting ‘Ion Ra¸tiu’ Professor of Romanian Studies, Georgetown University, USA © Dennis Deletant 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978–1–137–57451–0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Characterise the Discourse of the Far-Right in Digital Media? Interdisciplinary Approach to Preventing Terrorism
    How to characterise the discourse of the far-right in digital media? Interdisciplinary approach to preventing terrorism. S. Alava, N. Chaouni To cite this version: S. Alava, N. Chaouni. How to characterise the discourse of the far-right in digital media? Interdisci- plinary approach to preventing terrorism.. Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 2020, 176, pp.2515- 2525. 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.324. hal-03092971 HAL Id: hal-03092971 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03092971 Submitted on 3 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 - Public Domain Dedication| 4.0 International License Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available onlineScienceDirect at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 00 (2020) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/pr Procedia ScienceDirectComputer Science 00 (2020) 000–000 ocedia Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020) 2515–2525 www.elsevier.com/locate/pr ocedia 24th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering 24th International Conference on KnowledgeSystems-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems How to characterise the discourse of the far-right in digital media? How to Icharacterinterdisciplinaryse the discourse approach ofto thepreventing far-right terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Dan Mănucă 80. in Memoriam
    Ofelia Ichim, Emanuela Ilie (coordonatori) Dan Mănucă 80. In memoriam Ofelia Ichim, Emanuela Ilie (coordonatori) Dan Mănucă 80. In memoriam Ofelia Ichim, Emanuela Ilie, Marius-Radu Clim (editori) 2018 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Dan Mănucă 80. In memoriam/ coord.: Ofelia Ichim, Emanuela Ilie. – Bucureşti : Tracus Arte, 2018 Conţine bibliografie ISBN 978-606-023-027-4 I. Ichim, Ofelia (coord.) II. Ilie, Emanuela (coord.) 821.135.1.09 CUPRINS Cuvânt introductiv................................................................................... 7 Articol din Dicţionarul General al Literaturii Române......................... 9 Bibliografie.............................................................................................. 13 I. Omul şi opera CASSIAN MARIA SPIRIDON, Critica şi istoria literară mi-au dat posibilitatea de a fi liber – Dialog cu criticul şi istoricul literar Dan Mănucă (1998).................................................................................... 49 CASSIAN MARIA SPIRIDON, „Bună sau rea, critica literară de azi este o continuare a criticii junimiste” – Dialog cu criticul şi istoricul literar Dan Mănucă (2008)............................................................................. 59 DORIS MIRONESCU, Dan Mănucă. Despre materialitatea literei.............. 67 OFELIA ICHIM, Directorul Dan Mănucă................................................... 69 MIHAI CIMPOI, Junimismul canonic în viziunea lui Dan Mănucă........... 71 CONSTATIN CUBLEŞAN, Oglinzi paralele (Dan Mănucă)........................
    [Show full text]
  • Doctoral Research Scientific Report
    Invest in people! EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND Sectorial Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013 Priority Axis 1 "Education and training in support of growth and development of knowledge based society" Key Area of Intervention 1.5 "Doctoral and post-doctoral programs in support of research" Project Title: "Romanian Culture and European cultural models: Research, timing, sustainability ' Beneficiary: Romanian Academy Contract identification number:: POSDRU/159/1.5/S/136077 Doctoral Research Scientific Report Tutor supervisor: Ph.D. Wilhelm Dancă PhD Student: Marcel Lazăr Cozmuţa Bucharest, 2015 GENERATION ‘27 Tutor supervisor: Ph.D. Wilhelm Dancă Ph.D. Student: Marcel Lazăr Cozmuţa This paper was accomplished within the project “Romanian culture and European cultural models:research, timing, sustainability”, cofinanced by European Union and Romanian Government from European Social Fund through the Sectorial Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007‐2013, financing contract no. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/136077. Bucharest, 2015 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................3 GENERATION ’27......................................................................................................................................................5 ARŞAVIR ACTERIAN’S LIFE....................................................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage, Landscape and Conflict Archaeology
    THE EDGE OF EUROPE: HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE AND CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY by ROXANA-TALIDA ROMAN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The research presented in this thesis addresses the significance of Romanian WWI sites as places of remembrance and heritage, by exploring the case of Maramureș against the standards of national and international heritage standards. The work provided the first ever survey of WWI sites on the Eastern Front, showing that the Prislop Pass conflictual landscape holds undeniable national and international heritage value both in terms of physical preservation and in terms of mapping on the memorial-historical record. The war sites demonstrate heritage and remembrance value by meeting heritage criteria on account of their preservation state, rarity, authenticity, research potential, the embedded war knowledge and their historical-memorial functions. The results of the research established that the war sites not only satisfy heritage legal requirements at various scales but are also endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 CONTENTS STUDIES and ARTICLES Lucian Amon, a HYPOTHESIS REGARDING THE
    Analele UniversităŃii din Craiova. Istorie, Anul XX, Nr. 1(27)/2015 CONTENTS STUDIES AND ARTICLES Lucian Amon, A HYPOTHESIS REGARDING THE SHAPE OF THE SOUTHERN ENCLOSURE OF SUCIDAVA FORTRESS ........................................................................... 5 Cezar Avram, Roxana Radu, MEDIEVAL STATE AND SOCIETY. COMPARATIVE STUDY: ROMANIAN COUNTRIES AND MEDIEVAL STATES FROM EASTERN EUROPE (XIV-XVI CENTURIES) ......................................................................................... 13 Mihai GhiŃulescu, DE L’INSTITUTIONNALISATION DU CONSEIL DES MINISTRES EN ROUMANIE ET AILLEURS .................................................................... 25 Cosmin-Ştefan Dogaru, L’EPISODE DE 1871: UN MOMENT DIFFICILE POUR LE JEUNE ETAT ROUMAIN. DES ESSAIS INFRUCTUEUX A UNE CONSTRUCTION DURABLE .............................................................................................................................................. 33 Bogdan-ŞtefăniŃă Miulescu, ROMANIA, EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY AND THE NEW PHASE OF THE “EASTERN QUESTION” ........................................................................ 43 Anca Parmena Olimid, BROADENING ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION AND ECCLESIASTIC SELF-GOVERNMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ROMANIAN MODERN INSTITUTIONAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE XIX TH CENTURY ............. 53 Daniel Motoi, DISCIPLINE WITHIN THE TEACHING STAFF OF CRAIOVA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19 TH CENTURY ............................................................... 61 Filip-Lucian Iorga, THE ONOU FAMILY: FROM THE MOLDAVIAN COUNTRY
    [Show full text]
  • V. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010
    THIRD SECTION CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA (Application No. 18811/02) STOP STRASBOURG 27 May 2010 DEFINITIVE 27/08/2010 This judgment has become final under Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to formal amendments. CASE OF HOHENZOLLERN (FROM ROMANIA) v. ROMANIA In the case of de Hohenzollern (of Romania) v. Romania, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting in a Chamber composed of : Josep Casadevall, President, Elisabet Fura, Corneliu Bîrsan, Boštjan M. Zupančič, Egbert Myjer, Luis López Guerra, Ann Power, judges, and Stanley Naismith, Deputy Section Registrar, After deliberation in chambers on 4 May 2010, delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 18811/02) against Romania lodged with the Court on 22 April 2002 under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by two British and Romanian nationals, Mr Carol Mircea Grigore de Hohenzollern (of Romania) and Mr Paul Philip de Hohenzollern (of Romania) respectively. The applicants are represented by Tamara Solecki, a London lawyer. 2. The Romanian Government ("the Government") is represented by its Agent, Mr Răzvan-Horaţiu Radu, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3. Following the death of the first applicant, his wife, Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern, and his son, the second applicant, expressed a wish to continue the proceedings on 16 February 2006. Mrs Antonia Colville Ropner Hohenzollern also died in 2007, leaving Mrs Emma Louise Ropner as her heir, who did not send the Court a request to continue the proceedings.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 ARGEȘ VALEA MARE PRAVĂŢ ȘCOALA GIMNAZIALĂ NR
    Localitatea unității de Iniț.tatăl Județ Unitate de învățământ Numele solicitantului Loc. de domiciliu Localitatea superioară Nume elev Prenume elev învățământ ui ALBA BAIA DE ARIEŞ LICEUL 'DR. LAZAR CHIRILA' BAIA DE ARIES / AB Bedelean S Silvia Letitia BAIA DE ARIEŞ ORAŞ BAIA DE ARIEŞ Bedelean M Alex-Andrei ALBA BAIA DE ARIEŞ LICEUL 'DR. LAZAR CHIRILA' BAIA DE ARIES / AB Magurean A Dorin Alexandru BAIA DE ARIEŞ ORAŞ BAIA DE ARIEŞ Magurean D Alexandru Emanuel ALBA ARIEŞENI LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC DE TURISM SI ALIMENTATIE ARIESENI / AB Bate T Viorel COBLEŞ ARIEŞENI Bate V Daria Gabriela ALBA ARIEŞENI LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC DE TURISM SI ALIMENTATIE ARIESENI / AB Prata I Florentina NUCET ARIEŞENI Suciu Sebastian Ioan ALBA JIDVEI LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC JIDVEI / AB Moldovan C Elena-Sonita-Tabeia VESEUŞ JIDVEI Moldovan I Tabeia-Gabriela-Maria ALBA JIDVEI LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC JIDVEI / AB Rat D Madalina-Gabriela VESEUŞ JIDVEI Singerean G Gheorghe-Alessio ALBA ALBAC LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC 'TARA MOTILOR' ALBAC / AB Pătruşel D Nicoleta ALBAC ALBAC Pătruşel C Adelina ALBA ALBAC LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC 'TARA MOTILOR' ALBAC / AB Petrea C Silvia ALBAC ALBAC Petrea C Andreea-Maria ALBA ALBAC LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC 'TARA MOTILOR' ALBAC / AB Petrea N Marcel-Nicolae ALBAC ALBAC Petrea M Gavril-Mădălin ALBA ALBAC LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC 'TARA MOTILOR' ALBAC / AB Pleşa N Nicolae ALBAC ALBAC Pleşa N Maria ALBA ALBAC LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC 'TARA MOTILOR' ALBAC / AB Pleşa V Ioan ALBAC ALBAC Pleşa I Anamaria ALBA ALBAC LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC 'TARA MOTILOR' ALBAC / AB Todea I Gheorghe ALBAC ALBAC Todea G Andreea
    [Show full text]
  • Dniester Jews Between
    PARALLEL RUPTURES: JEWS OF BESSARABIA AND TRANSNISTRIA BETWEEN ROMANIAN NATIONALISM AND SOVIET COMMUNISM, 1918-1940 BY DMITRY TARTAKOVSKY DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Mark D. Steinberg, Chair Professor Keith Hitchins Professor Diane P. Koenker Professor Harriet Murav Assistant Professor Eugene Avrutin Abstract ―Parallel Ruptures: Jews of Bessarabia and Transnistria between Romanian Nationalism and Soviet Communism, 1918-1940,‖ explores the political and social debates that took place in Jewish communities in Romanian-held Bessarabia and the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the interwar era. Both had been part of the Russian Pale of Settlement until its dissolution in 1917; they were then divided by the Romanian Army‘s occupation of Bessarabia in 1918 with the establishment of a well-guarded border along the Dniester River between two newly-formed states, Greater Romania and the Soviet Union. At its core, the project focuses in comparative context on the traumatic and multi-faceted confrontation with these two modernizing states: exclusion, discrimination and growing violence in Bessarabia; destruction of religious tradition, agricultural resettlement, and socialist re-education and assimilation in Soviet Transnistria. It examines also the similarities in both states‘ striving to create model subjects usable by the homeland, as well as commonalities within Jewish responses on both sides of the border. Contacts between Jews on either side of the border remained significant after 1918 despite the efforts of both states to curb them, thereby necessitating a transnational view in order to examine Jewish political and social life in borderland regions.
    [Show full text]