DOCSLIB.ORG

International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXIII No 2 2017 the INTERNATIONAL IMAGE of ION I. C. BRĂTI

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXIII No 2 2017 the INTERNATIONAL IMAGE of ION I. C. BRĂTI International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXIII No 2 2017 THE INTERNATIONAL IMAGE OF ION I. C. BRĂTIANU IN 1919 Gheorghe CALCAN Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, Romania [email protected] Abstract: Our paper aims to present how Ion I. C. Brătianu was perceived outside national borders in a very important moment of the Romanian national history, namely the international recognition of the Great Union, within the Peace Conference at Paris-Versailles in 1919 -1920. Ion I. C. Brătianu was at that moment Prime Minister and the leader of the Romanian delegation at Versailles. Foreign countries perceived him as a very powerful personality, capable to influence other states with similar interests in Central and South Eastern Europe. Brătianu stoutly and patriotically defended the Romanian interests. Therefore, although his position was correct, it came into conflict with the interests of the great powers. Brătianu would not give up his principles and decided to leave the Peace Conference. French media was objective in their accounts and proved favourable to the Romanian position. Keywords: Ion I. C. Brătianu, image abroad 1. Introduction Brătianu – president of the Council of The end of the First World War, as well as Ministers [2]. the consecration of the new geopolitical The first exposition I. I. C. Brătianu gave on realities and of the new European territorial Romania’s rights over the newly united configuration, as drawn within the Peace provinces was held in early February, speech Conference in Paris (1919-1920), that triggered several commentaries in the represented a milestone for the Romanian international press. In the 2 February 1919 diplomacy. In this international context, the issue, Le Figaro showed that in his Great Union of several Romanian provinces exposition, Brătianu had presented the with their motherland was officially claims of Romania “with a warm eloquence recognized [1]. Ion I. C. Brătianu, Prime and an abundance of arguments”, providing Minister in office at that time, played an details on each Romanian historical exceptional role in this diplomatic success. province. The publication also noted that the Our paper aims to outline the role Ion I. C. plea of the Romanian Prime Minister made a Brătianu had in supporting Romanian good impression on the audience [3]. national interests within this conference, as The international press was very much perceived on the international level, by aware of the role Brătianu played in several leaders, experts or observers, and representing the Romanian interests, and, especially by French journalists. therefore, paid considerable attention to his personality and family lineage. In the 2. The abroad image of Ion I. C. context of those debates, there were Brătianu in 1919 mentioned the circumstances Romania had On 19 January 1919, Le Figaro announced entered the war in 1916, the past history of the official opening of the Peace the Romanian nation, and obviously the Conference. Among the participants, there role of Brătianu. was the Romanian delegation, led by I. I. C. The author of one of the articles quoted an DOI: 10.1515/kbo-2017-0125 © 2017. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. 265 excerpt from his discussion with the further study the text of that Treaty. The Romanian leader, as follows: “‘My father meeting lasted only 25 minutes and was once asked his grandfather why he had built held as a simple dialogue between such a small house. ‘It is enough’, replied Clémenceau and Brătianu. Clémenceau the old man, ‘as it is quite likely for it to be accepted the request of the Romanian Prime destroyed by invaders in the following 20 Minister, considering it “all grounded” and years’. He answered just like Socrates saying that by that delay had been might have, but for other reasons”, essentially achieved “a simple matter of remarked the author of the article [4]. The justice” [6]. troubled past of the country was entwined During the eighth meeting of the with the modesty of the Brătianu family. Conference, on 31 May 1919, the strong The foreign media proved objective in personality of the Romanian Prime Minister presenting the events, which made it was highlighted even more. He argued automatically favourable to the Romanian Romanian interests with dignity, directly interests, as well as to Brătianu. For confronting Clémenceau, Prime Minister of example, when presenting the “failure” of France and President of the Peace 1918, which culminated with the separate Conference, US President Wilson and peace between Romania and Germany, Le British Foreign Minister Balfour [1]. His Figaro noted that “Marghiloman arguments and courage were fully observed Government imposed by Germany had by the participants. Here is how Aldrovandi replaced and put in charge the patriot Marescotti, eyewitness to this meeting, government led by Mr. Brătianu” [4]. narrated the event: “3 p.m, at Quai d'Orsay, In February 1919, when the issue of Banat in the Mirror lounge, a plenary and secret was being discussed, Brătianu came again meeting (more than 150 people attend) with to the forefront attention of the international the small allied powers, gathered to negotiators [1]. The situation repeated three ‘discuss’ the peace terms to be submitted to months later when, on 16 May 1919, the Austria on Monday [...]. Clémenceau is conference tackled the issue of the extremely nervous. Brătianu risks a remark Romanian-Bulgarian border, as well as on on the issue of minority protection clauses, several other occasions when the Romanian which was equally the concern of Romania. interests were the topic of official talks. Lloyd George, with an air of discontent, Everyone in Paris knew that Brătianu murmures a few words in the ear of would not accept proposals that might Clémenceau: ‘This three-fold noodle, disadvantage Romania [1]. La France, for stirring so much here was not so zealous example, supported the Romanian point of during the war’. Brătianu insists and view and claims on Dobrogea and complains that several obligations were appreciated the attitude of Brătianu in this imposed on minorities in Serbia and respect [5]. Romania, while in Italy were not. Lloyd The principled policy and energy of George continues in a low voice: ‘It is Brătianu were highlighted throughout the because the Jews are persecuted in debates of the Peace Conference. One such Romania, and not in Italy’. Clémenceau moment was the one on 27 May 1919, replies to Brătianu in a rather harsh and during the seventh plenary meeting of the negative manner. Paderewski, Kramarz, Conference. The meeting was aimed at Trunbitch speak further. Wilson rises and examining the clauses of the treaty with with his characteristic political, scholar and Austria, before the text being handed over Presbyterian dogmatic eloquence, though to the Austrian delegation. Brătianu became totally insensitive, mimics fair-play and the leader of all allied member states from suggests the small powers to accept what Central and Eastern Europe. He requested the big ones had decided. After Wilson had for a 48-hour adjournment, in order to finished, Clémenceau stood up and asked: 266 ‘Are there any other observations?’ And formal and informal efforts of Brătianu to without waiting for a reply, ceased the support this cause [9]. For example, US meeting” [7]. delegate White noted that “the Romanian Commenting on the reasons for which minister came to see me a day or two after, Romania did not agree on the treaty with and told me that it was time to decide the Austria in its original form, one of the annexation of Bessarabia to his home authors of the articles from Le Figaro country. He wanted to know if we would reported the shock of Brătianu when he cooperate in that matter. I repeated what received the text of this Treaty. “I was, by Mr. Lansing had said, namely that I should chance, at Mr. Brătianu when his secretary certainly adhere to that principle” [10]. came and brought a copy of the treaty that Immediately after supporting the position of was to be given in two days to the Romania within the above-mentioned representatives of Austria in Saint Germain. reunion, Brătianu left the French capital. He did not hide either his disappointment or The French press reported this episode as dissatisfaction, as he had no reason to be well. On the Romanian Prime Minister happy. ‘I'm afraid’, he told me, ‘of the leaving both Paris and the Peace material time I need in order to be able to Conference, the newspaper Le Temps wrote read hundreds of pages, that cover so the following: “Mr. Brătianu, President of difficult and complex issues, of which most the Romanian Council, will leave Paris on have a vital interest for my country. How Wednesday, heading back to Bucharest” do you think I can take responsibility to [11]. The reason for this early departure notice it and stay quiet?’ was revealed by Brătianu himelf in an The head of the Romanian government interview with the newspaper Le Matin: “I immediately drew my attention on the am leaving because I am convinced that clause of ethnic minorities’ protection. In Romania will not accept the terms referring short notice, he made me see all the to minorities that are to be incorporated into inconveniences and hazards. Not only that the treaty with Austria, as they will limit its they could interfere with the sovereign sovereignty” [12, 6]. rights of a free state, but, under the guise of The same motivation was given in the protecting the foreigners, they could also columns of the newspaper Le Figaro, which trigger disorder and incite to riots. ‘I will stated that the reasons for Brătianu leaving never accept a similar clause’, firmly the conference were to be found in the declared Mr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heritage, Landscape and Conflict Archaeology
    THE EDGE OF EUROPE: HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE AND CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY by ROXANA-TALIDA ROMAN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The research presented in this thesis addresses the significance of Romanian WWI sites as places of remembrance and heritage, by exploring the case of Maramureș against the standards of national and international heritage standards. The work provided the first ever survey of WWI sites on the Eastern Front, showing that the Prislop Pass conflictual landscape holds undeniable national and international heritage value both in terms of physical preservation and in terms of mapping on the memorial-historical record. The war sites demonstrate heritage and remembrance value by meeting heritage criteria on account of their preservation state, rarity, authenticity, research potential, the embedded war knowledge and their historical-memorial functions. The results of the research established that the war sites not only satisfy heritage legal requirements at various scales but are also endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora
    THE REMAKING OF THE DACIAN IDENTITY IN ROMANIA AND THE ROMANIAN DIASPORA By Lucian Rosca A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Sociology Committee: ___________________________________________ Director ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Department Chairperson ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at George Mason University By Lucian I. Rosca Bachelor of Arts George Mason University, 2015 Director: Patricia Masters, Professor Department of Sociology Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis coordinators: Professor Patricia Masters, Professor Dae Young Kim, Professor Lester Kurtz, and my wife Paula, who were of invaluable help. Fi- nally, thanks go out to the Fenwick Library for providing a clean, quiet, and well- equipped repository in which to work. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Perspectives on the Unification of the Republic of Moldova with Romania
    LawLegal Review perspectives vol. on VIII, the issue unification 2, July of-December the Republic 2018, of pp.Moldova 277-291 with Romania 277 LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE UNIFICATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA WITH ROMANIA. WILL THE HISTORY REPEAT ITSELF? Dumitru Cazac Abstract The Great Union of 1918 has represented a fundamental step in the foundation of the contemporary Romanian state, whereas for Bessarabia it was a chance to retake its direction of evolution towards the west. Unfortunately, the history has separated it once again in 1944, in order to become an independent state named the Republic of Moldova, after a soviet era. Unionist tendencies were registered on both sides of the Prut river ever since 1991, and have augmented in the last years due to the worsening economic situation. This paper aims to make a legal analysis on a possible unification of the Republic of Moldova with Romania, taking into account, particularly, the EU member statute of Romania and the existence of a separatist region – Transnistria, as well as an autonomous territorial unit – Gagauzia, on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The place where the Romanian nation has appeared has always been at the crossroads of interests between the eastern and western nations and represented the key or the gate that separated Europe from Asia. From ancient times, the nomadic tribes went through this space onto their way to Europe, while in medieval ages, this territory was considered a „gatekeeper of Christendom”. Thus, the geographical position of the birthplace of the Romanian nation was a priori a less favourable for the existence of a strong and independent state.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctoral Research Scientific Report
    Invest in people! EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND Sectorial Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013 Priority Axis 1 "Education and training in support of growth and development of knowledge based society" Key Area of Intervention 1.5 "Doctoral and post-doctoral programs in support of research" Project Title: "Romanian Culture and European cultural models: Research, timing, sustainability ' Beneficiary: Romanian Academy Contract identification number:: POSDRU/159/1.5/S/136077 Doctoral Research Scientific Report Tutor supervisor: Ph.D. Wilhelm Dancă PhD Student: SESERMAN SORIN-ALIN Bucharest, 2015 The Peasantrism Tutor supervisor: Ph.D. Wilhelm Dancă Ph.D. Student: SESERMAN SORIN-ALIN This paper was accomplished within the project “Romanian culture and European cultural models:research, timing, sustainability”, cofinanced by European Union and Romanian Government from European Social Fund through the Sectorial Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007-2013, financing contract no. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/136077. Bucharest, 2015 2 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction 4 1.The first political movements, premises of Peasantrism advent 6 2. The advent and foundation of the Peasants’ Party 9 2.1. Stages of the Party’s foundation 9 2.2. The first Peasantrism ideas and principles 11 3. Evolution of the doctrine 14 3.1. The class party 14 3.2. Rural democracy in the vision of the Peasantrism followers 20 4. Basic Peasantrism theses 25 4.1.Small peasant household 25 4.2.National‐Peasants’ State 27 5. Peasantrism in the vision of Ion Mihalache 33 Conclusions ABSTRACT The advent of Peasantrism in Romania was a natural phenomenon amid political and social turmoil of the end of World War I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Perspective on the Link Between Romania and Europe, Through the Dynamics of Spiritual Values
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Acăr, Coculiana Article A historical perspective on the link between Romania and Europe, through the dynamics of spiritual values CES Working Papers Provided in Cooperation with: Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Suggested Citation: Acăr, Coculiana (2018) : A historical perspective on the link between Romania and Europe, through the dynamics of spiritual values, CES Working Papers, ISSN 2067-7693, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Centre for European Studies, Iasi, Vol. 10, Iss. 3, pp. 396-405 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/198552 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open
    [Show full text]
  • Editors of Romanian Political Speeches Roxana Patraș
    Ways of Forgetting and Remembering the Eloquence of the 19th Century: Editors of Romanian Political Speeches Roxana Patraș Abstract: The paper presents a critical evaluation of the existing anthologies of Romanian oratory and analyzes the pertinence of a new research line: how to trace back the foundations of Romanian versatile political memory, both from a lexical and from an ideological point of view. As I argue in the first part of the paper, collecting and editing the great speeches of Romanian orators seems crucial for today’s understanding of politics (politicians’ speaking/ actions as well as voters’ behavior/ electoral habits). In the second part, I focus on the particularities generated by a dramatic change of media support (in the context of Romania’s high rates of illiteracy at the end of the 19th century): from “writing” information on the slippery surface of memory (declaimed political texts such as “proclamations,” “petitions,” and “appeals”) to “writing” as such (transcribed political speeches). The last part of the paper problematizes the making of a new canon of Romanian eloquence as well as the opportunity of a new assemblage of oratorical texts, illustrative for the 19th century politics, and endeavors to settle a series of virtual editing principles. Keywords: oratory, personal memory, political memory, recording strategies, professional editing 1. Introduction Beginning with the end of the 19th century, when the Romanian politicians understand how crucial for one’s career it is to have a good command over the art of eloquence, the interest in the selection, organization and editing of influential public speeches becomes manifest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great War and the Birth of the Communist Movement in Romania
    THE GREAT WAR AND THE BIRTH OF THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT IN ROMANIA Gheorghe ONIŞORU Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava E-mail: [email protected] Rezumat: Marele Război şi naşterea mişcării comuniste în România. Înfiinţarea Partidului Comunist din România în anul 1921, ca de altfel întreaga mișcare comunistă din ţara noastră, a fost puternic influenţată de evenimentele de pe plan mondial de la sfârșitul Primului Război Mondial – ne referim aici cu precădere la revoluţia bolșevică din Rusia și la răspândirea ei spre Europa. Studiul nostru își propune să analizeze maniera în care comunismul românesc a urmat modelul sovietic, mai ales că vorbim despre o ţară care nu avea tradiţie în această direcţie, iar clasa muncitoare era mult inferioară din punct de vedere numeric faţă de ţărănime. Résumé : La Grande Guerre et la naissance du mouvement communiste en Roumanie. La création du Parti communiste en Roumanie en 1921, de même que l'en- semble du mouvement communiste de notre pays, a été fortement influencée par les événements du monde depuis la fin de la Première Guerre Mondiale. Nous nous référons ici particulièrement à la révolution bolchevique en Russie et à sa propagation en Europe. Notre étude vise à analyser la façon dont le communisme roumain a suivi le modèle soviétique, d'autant plus que nous parlons d'un pays qui n'a pas de tradition dans cette direction, et la classe ouvrière était beaucoup plus faible en termes de nombre vis-à-vis les paysans. Abstract. The communist movement in Romania and the birth of the Communist Party in 1921 was a phenomenon strongly influenced by events at the end of the Great War.
    [Show full text]
  • Zbwleibniz-Informationszentrum
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Sebe, Mihai Working Paper Idea of Europe in inter-war Romania EIR Working Papers Series, No. 29 Provided in Cooperation with: European Institute of Romania, Bucharest Suggested Citation: Sebe, Mihai (2010) : Idea of Europe in inter-war Romania, EIR Working Papers Series, No. 29, European Institute of Romania, Bucharest This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/140679 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified
    [Show full text]
  • Between History and Power. the Historiography of Romanian National- Communism (1964-1989)
    DOSIER Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea ISSN: 0214-400X http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/chco.71890 Between History and Power. The Historiography of Romanian National- Communism (1964-1989) Francesco Zavatti1 Recibido: 29 de junio de 2020 / Aceptado: 15 de julio 2020 Abstract. This article aims to analyse the relationship between history and political power in communist Romania during the rule of Nicolae Ceauşescu. The article’s opening section explains how Romanian historiography was substituted by a pro-Soviet and pro-Stalinist version which proclaimed the superiority of the Soviet Union and of communism; secondly, the section illustrates the delicate passage between Stalinism and national communism. As the section shows, Party Secretary Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej understood that autonomy from Moscow was essential in order to guarantee the internal stability of the Romanian communist élite. For this reason, genuine legitimacy had to be created by reissuing the national ideology dismissed since 1948. National history was given back its primary importance within Romanian culture, this time in service of the Stalinist élite, sided with more traditional Marxist-Leninist tenets, symbols and narratives. The second section illustrates the development of the new national-communist canon after 1965, once Nicolae Ceauşescu took power. The section presents the main trends developed by Romanian historiography in order to inspire loyalty to the Romanian Communist Party. As the article shows, by the early eighties, nationalism and the cult of the leader had become the main trends of this metanarrative. The epilogue briefly points out the continuities and changes produced by the regime change in 1989 for Romanian historiography.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Nationalism Alongside Official State Building
    Cultural Nationalism alongside Official State-Building: The Romanian Cultural League in the Interwar Period By Anca Mandru Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Professor Marsha Siefert CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2009 Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i Abstract This thesis uses the case study of the Romanian Cultural League in the interwar period to question generally held assumptions about the development and endurance of cultural nationalism and its characteristics. The thesis finds that in the Romanian case cultural nationalism has survived the fulfillment of its goals by the creation of Greater Romania in 1918 and readjusted its program to the context of the interwar period. A survey of the League’s program and activity shows that the cultural nationalism advocated by the organization coexisted and complemented the official projects aimed at creating a cohesive national culture. The League engaged in cultural practices aimed at a moral regeneration of the community and a cultural unification of the various traditions characteristic to the provinces making up interwar Romania.
    [Show full text]
  • World War I and the Birth of a New World Order
    World War I and the Birth of a New World Order World War I and the Birth of a New World Order: The End of an Era Edited by Ioan Bolovan and Oana Mihaela Tămaș World War I and the Birth of a New World Order: The End of an Era Edited by Ioan Bolovan and Oana Mihaela Tămaș This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Ioan Bolovan, Oana Mihaela Tămaș and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-4679-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-4679-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Ioan Bolovan and Oana Mihaela Tămaș Chapter I ................................................................................................... 15 Propaganda, and Women On War Chapter I.1 .......................................................................................... 16 British and Italian Propaganda During the First World War: a Comparative Study (1914-1918) Veronica De Sanctis Chapter I.2 .......................................................................................... 37 Biological Warfare: Horror, Propaganda
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Union of 1918, Greater Romania - Acts and Documents , Author: Prof
    No 268 Year XII/4 – 20 November 2018 - SPECIAL ISSUE 104,60 RON Bilingual-monthly publication of political analysis Motto:“Opinions are free, but not mandatory” I. L. Caragiale The Great Union of 1918, Greater 1 Romania - Acts and Documents (in alphabetical order) Adrian CONSTANTINESCU Adrian SEVERIN PhD in international economy and Master Born in March, 1954, he had a remarkable in public international law political ascent after 1989. He was minister of Scientific researcher and head of depart- Foreign Affairs in 1996-1997, deputy in the ment within the World Economy Institute, Romanian Parliament in 1990 and later be- permanent deputy representative and tween 1992-2007. As of the 1st of January, chief negotiator of Romania to GATT/OMC, various oth- 2007, he was elected member of the Europe- an Parliament. He was UN’s special rapporteur for human rights in er positions in diplomacy up to that of Ambassador in the Belarus and PACE member between 1993-2007. Kingdom of Sweden and the Republic of Macedonia. A talented politician who probably did not find the best juncture in order to advance further on a national and European level. Andrei KORTUNOV Director General of the Russian Interna- Anis. H. BAJREKTAREVIĆ tional Affairs Council (RIAC) Prof. (FH) Dr. Anis Bajrektarevic, Acting Deputy Di- Graduated from the Moscow State Institute rector of Studies EXPORT EU-ASEAN-NAFTA Pro- of International Relations (MGIMO) and fessor and Chairperson International Law and Global postgraduate studies at the Institute for US Political Studies University of Applied Sciences IMC- and Canadian Studies, USSR Academy of Krems AUSTRIA Sciences.
    [Show full text]