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How to Characterise the Discourse of the Far-Right in Digital Media? Interdisciplinary Approach to Preventing Terrorism

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How to Characterise the Discourse of the Far-Right in Digital Media? Interdisciplinary Approach to Preventing Terrorism How to characterise the discourse of the far-right in digital media? Interdisciplinary approach to preventing terrorism. S. Alava, N. Chaouni To cite this version: S. Alava, N. Chaouni. How to characterise the discourse of the far-right in digital media? Interdisci- plinary approach to preventing terrorism.. Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 2020, 176, pp.2515- 2525. 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.324. hal-03092971 HAL Id: hal-03092971 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03092971 Submitted on 3 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 - Public Domain Dedication| 4.0 International License Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available onlineScienceDirect at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 00 (2020) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/pr Procedia ScienceDirectComputer Science 00 (2020) 000–000 ocedia Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020) 2515–2525 www.elsevier.com/locate/pr ocedia 24th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering 24th International Conference on KnowledgeSystems-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems How to characterise the discourse of the far-right in digital media? How to Icharacterinterdisciplinaryse the discourse approach ofto thepreventing far-right terrorism. in digital media? Interdisciplinary approach to preventing terrorism. S. Alavaa,*, N. Chaounib, Y. Charlesc, aUniversity of Toulouse II Jean Jaurès, Project Leadera,* of PRACTICIES EUROPA,b 5 allée Antonioc, Machado 31078 Toulouse France, S. Alava seraphin.alava@univ, N. Chaouni-tlse2.fr, Y. * Charles a UniversitybUniversity of Toulouse of Toulouse II Jean II Jaurès, Jean Jaurès, Project 5 Leader allée Antonio of PRACTICIES Machado EUROPA,31078 Toulouse 5 allée France, Antonio nawel.chaouni@univ Machado 31078 Toulouse-tlse2.fr France, * cUniversity of Toulouse II Jean Jaurès, 5 alléeseraphin.alava@univ Antonio Machado- tlse2.fr31078 Toulouse France, [email protected] bUniversity of Toulouse II Jean Jaurès, 5 allée Antonio Machado 31078 Toulouse France, [email protected] cUniversity of Toulouse II Jean Jaurès, 5 allée Antonio Machado 31078 Toulouse France, [email protected] Abstract Abstract The fight against extremist discourse on the Internet and on social media is paramount in countering terrorism and radical recruitment. The approach could be simple and elected representatives and authorities seem to want to legislate quickly on this subject. However, fromThe fight a sci againstentific point extre ofmist view, discourse things onare the not Internet so simple. and Characterisingon social media a is discourse paramount that in iscountering coherent, terrorismrepetitive and and radical identifiable recruitment. might beThe easy,approach but couldradical, be simpleterrorist and discourse elected representativesis a very complex and authoritieslinguistic and seem sociolinguistic to want to legislate phenomenon. quickly Moreover,on this subject. modes However, of its difromssemination a scientific and point communication of view, things are arecomplex. not so Withinsimple. the Characterising framework ofa discoursea French researchthat is coherent, project repetitive(ANR: Défense) and identifiable we analysed mig theht publicbe easy, productions but radical, of extremeterrorist rightdiscourse-wing isgroups a very in complexorder to linguisticcollect pieces and sociolinguisticof discourse phenomenon.and try to characterise Moreover, themmodes with of anits interdidisseminationsciplinary and approach communication (sociology, are complex. political Withinscience, the linguistics, framework sociolinguistics, of a French researchcommunication). project A(ANR: mathematical Défense) weand analysed algorith micthe modellingpublic productions will allow of an extremeautomation right of- wingsearches groups in order in order to set toup collecta warning pieces mechanism, of discourse with aand sociological try to characterise objective of themident ifwithication an andinterdi thussciplinary validation approach for digital (sociology, content producerspolitical science, and access linguistics, providers. sociolinguistics, communication). A mathematical and algorithmic modelling will allow an automation of searches in order to set up a warning mechanism, with a sociological objective of identification and thus validation for digital content producers and access providers. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) This© 2019 is an The open Author(s). access Publishedarticle under by theElsevier CC BY-NC-NDB.V. license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. Peer-reviewThis is an open under access responsibility article under of thethe scientificCC BY-NC committee-ND license of ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bythe KES International. -nc-nd/4.0/) PeerKeywords:-review radicalisation, under responsibility terrorism, hate of KESspeech, International xenophobia,. anti-Semitism, masculinism, conspiracy, supremacism, racism I.Keywords: radicalisation,Background terrorism, hate speech, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, masculinism, conspiracy, supremacism, racism InI. just a fewBackground years, the Internet has become the central medium of the communication sphere. It has gradually become almost the only daily medium for young people aged 15 to 25. Nothing is possible without the Internet. The best and In just a few years, the Internet has become the central medium of the communication sphere. It has gradually become sadlyalmost the the worst. only daily In the medium UNESCO for reportyoung wepeople have aged produced 15 to on25. the Nothing links between is possible social without media the andInternet. radicali Thes ationbest ,and we noted the growing importance of social networks in propaganda and recruitment of young activists, which is the case sadly the worst. In the UNESCO report we have produced on the links between social media and radicalisation, we notedfor all theextremist growing movements importance (ALAVA of social S. al.networks 2017). inThe propaganda connection betweenand recruitment terrorist of groups young andactivists the ,media which hasis the a caselong history (HUGHES, F-B, 2011). It emerged in the late 19th century with the anarchist attacks and reached its apogee in for all extremist movements (ALAVA S. al. 2017). The connection between terrorist groups and the media has a long France with the small newspaper and acts committed by the Bonnot gang; terrorism comprises two phases (dynamite history (HUGHES, F-B, 2011). It emerged in the late 19th century with the anarchist attacks and reached its apogee in Franceand the with front the page) small which newspaper fuel one and another acts committed on the terrorist by the scene Bonnot, the gang fact; terrorismperfectly comprisesunderstood two by phases extremist (dynamite groups (DEBRAY, R. 2002) and which soon made way for other terrorist temporalities such as propaganda and recruitment. and the front page) which fuel one another on the terrorist scene, the fact perfectly understood by extremist groups (DEBRAY, R. 2002) and which soon made way for other terrorist temporalities such as propaganda and recruitment. * Correspondin g author. Tel.: +33 6 30 74 90 03. E-mail address: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 6 30 74 90 03. E-mail address: [email protected] 1877-0509 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 1877-0509 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. 1877-0509This is an © open 2020 Theaccess Authors. article Published under by theElsevier CC B.V.BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ThisPeer is-review an open under access responsibilityarticle under the of CC KES BY-NC-ND International license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the KES International. 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.324 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.324 1877-0509 2516 S. Alava et al. / Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020) 2515–2525 2 Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2020) 000–000 From 2001, in the wake of the attacks in the United States, the Internet quickly became the centre of concern for intelligence services and international organisations. The fight against terrorism involves combating extremist theories, discourses and propaganda present on the Internet. Removing links, websites, videos with explicitly terrorist or extremist content is becoming a research priority and we are lacking a technological response. This fight against radical discourse online gave rise
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