Curso De Derecho Político

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Curso De Derecho Político Curso de DERECHO POLITICO Segunda Edición prólogo: Federico PINEDO Augusto Diego LAFFERRIERE Contenido de los elementos esenciales para la materia dictada en la: Universidad Católica Argentina Depto. De Derecho – Facultad Teresa de Àvila Paraná, Prov. Entre Ríos - Argentina CURSO DE DERECHO POLÍTICO Elementos básicos para la introducción al estudio del Derecho Político conforme al programa vigente de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Argentina, Sede Paraná (Entre Ríos). Autor: Augusto Diego LAFFERRIERE 2020 Augusto Diego LAFFERRIERE Profesor de Derecho Político (Universidad Católica Argentina) Miembro de la Asociación Argentina de Derecho Constitucional Máster en Relaciones Internacionales (FLACSO Argentina). Ex asesor jurídico de: H. Cámara Diputados de la Nación; Convención Constituyente Prov. Entre Ríos (2008); y H. Senado de la Prov. Entre Ríos. CURSO DE DERECHO POLÍTICO Elementos básicos para la introducción al estudio del Derecho Político conforme al programa vigente de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Argentina, Sede Paraná (Entre Ríos). 2020 Lafferriere, Augusto Diego Curso de derecho político : elementos básicos para la introducción al estudio del Derecho Político conforme al programa vigente de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Argentina, Sede Paraná, Entre Ríos / Augusto Diego Lafferriere. - 2a ed. - Nogoyá : Augusto Diego Lafferriere, 2020. 430 p. ; 23 x 16 cm. ISBN 978-987-42-0168-3978-987-86-4400-4 1. Derecho Constitucional . I. Título. CDD 342.00711 Fecha de catalogación: 24/04/2020 “Curso de Derecho Político” Segunda Edición - 2020 ISBN:978 978-987-86-4400-4978-987-42-0168-3978-987-86-440 Id. Ed. Lulu.com: 18490894 Copyright 2020 - Augusto Diego Lafferriere Autor y Editor: Augusto Diego Lafferriere [email protected] Editado por el sistema Impreso por Demanda Solicitar en http://stores.lulu.com/augustolafferriere San Martín Nº 654 - Nogoyá (E3150FJN) Provincia de Entre Ríos - República Argentina Queda hecho el depósito que establece la Ley 11.723 Libro de edición argentina Contratapa: “La libertad guiando al pueblo”, Eugène Delacroix. Portada: “The Tuileries Palace”, Jean Duplessis-Bertaux. No se permite la reproducción parcial o total, el almacenamiento, el alquiler, la transmisión o la transformación de este libro, en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, sea electrónico o mecánico, mediante fotocopias, digitalización u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y escrito del editor. Su infracción está penada por las leyes 11.723 y 25.446. A mi hermano de la Vida, Siempre presente en el corazón. En tu buen nombre y memoria: Leandro Nicolás Lafferriere Curso de Derecho Político INDICE GENERAL INDICE DE ABREVIATURAS…………………………………….. 17 PREFACIO (Por Federico PINEDO)……………………………. 19 INTRODUCCIÓN: Curso de Derecho Político……….….……. 23 1. El porqué de esta obra……………….……………………….. 23 2. Estructura y contenido de la obra…….……………………… 25 a) Introducción………………………………………………… 25 b) Contenido del Curso………………………………………. 26 c) Colofón……………………………………………………… 28 CAPÍTULO I: POLÍTICA, ESTADO Y DERECHO……………... 29 1. Concepto de la política. ………………………………………. 29 2. La política como ciencia. …………………………………….. 30 3. Posibilidad del conocimiento de la política. ………………… 30 4. Acepciones de la palabra política. ………………………….. 31 5. Ciencia política, teoría del estado y derecho político. …….. 31 6. La política como actividad: política arquitectónica, agonal y plenaria. ………………………………………………………… 32 7. Relación de la política con una concepción del hombre y de la vida (cosmovisión): cristianismo, antropologías orien- tales, teorías monistas. ………………………………………. 34 A) Política y cosmovisión. ……………………………….. 34 B) Cristianismo. …………………………………………... 35 C) Antropologías orientales. …………………………….. 35 D) Teorías monistas. …………………………………….. 36 8. Relación de la política con la ética; distintas posiciones…... 38 9. La prudencia política. …………………………………………. 39 A) Concepto y partes de la prudencia. ………………… 39 B) Vinculación de la prudencia política con la justicia y la fortaleza. …………………………………………….. 40 10. Relación de la política con la economía. …………………… 41 A) Subordinación de la política. ………………………… 41 B) Subordinación de la economía. ……………………... 41 C) Coordinación entre política y economía. …………… 42 Curso de Derecho Político D) Desconocimiento mutuo. …………………………….. 42 CAPÍTULO II: SOCIEDAD, NACIÓN Y NACIONALISMO……. 45 1. Teoría de la sociedad: conceptos fundamentales. ………… 47 2. Relación social; contorno social y medio objetivo social. …. 47 3. Situación social. Status. ………………………………………. 48 4. Noción del grupo social, clase social y categoría estadís- tica. …………………………………………………….............. 48 5. Clasificación de los grupos sociales. ………………………... 49 6. Grupos sociales organizados. ……………………………….. 50 7. Comunidad y sociedad; características y definiciones. …… 50 8. La Nación: concepto. …………………………………………. 51 9. Diferencia entre Nación y Estado. …………………………… 51 A) El Estado Nación. …………………………………….. 51 B) Un Estado, varias naciones. ………………………… 52 C) Una nación, sin territorio. ……………………………. 52 10. La noción de Nación en Renán, Ortega y Gasset, y Weber. 52 11. Patria y Nación. ………………………………………………... 53 12. El nacionalismo. “Tipos” de nacionalismo. …………………. 54 A) Nacionalismo tradicionalista………………………..… 54 B) Nacionalismo ibérico………………………..………… 55 C) Nacionalismo polaco………………………..………… 56 D) Nacionalismo pagano………………………..……….. 56 13. S.S. Pío XII y el nacionalismo. ………………………………. 57 A) Mensajes de Navidad de 1948 y 1954. ……………… 57 B) Carta de Pío XI sobre L'Action Francaise. ………….. 58 14. Irrupción del fundamentalismo en la política. ………………. 58 CAPÍTULO III: ESTADO: CONCEPTO Y NATURALEZA……. 61 1. Concepto de Estado. ………………………………………….. 61 A) Concepto y características. ………………………….. 61 B) La Teoría del Estado. ………………………………… 62 2. Crisis del Estado. ……………………………………………… 63 3. La naturaleza del Estado. …………………………………….. 65 A) El Estado en la teoría de Aristóteles y Santo To- más. ……………………………………………………. 67 B) El Estado como creación lógico-normativa: Hans Kelsen y su Teoría General del Estado. ……………. 68 6 Augusto Diego LAFFERRIERE C) Doctrina de la personalidad moral de Dabin. ……… 68 D) Otras teorías sobre la naturaleza del Estado. ……... 69 i) El Estado confundido con alguno de sus ele- mentos. ……………………………………........ 69 ii) El Estado identificado con la Nación. ……….. 70 iii) El Estado como instrumento de opresión. ….. 71 4. Las llamadas teorías justificatorias del Estado. ……………. 71 A) Teorías de la fuerza. ………………………………….. 72 B) Teorías jurídicas. ……………………………………… 73 i) El Estado como resultado de un contrato en la doctrina de Hobbes, Locke y Rousseau. … 73 ii) La teoría del consentimiento: Francisco de Vitoria y Francisco Suárez. …………………... 75 iii) Versiones contemporáneas del contractualis- mo. ……………………………………………… 76 5. Doctrinas negativas. …………………………………………... 76 A) El Marxismo. …………………………………………... 77 B) El anarquismo individualista. ………………………… 77 C) El anarquismo colectivista. ………………………….. 77 6. La comunidad perfecta. ………………………………………. 78 CAPÍTULO IV: ESTADO Y DERECHO. PERSONALIDAD. DERECHOS HUMANOS………………………………………….. 81 1. Estado y derecho. ……………………………………………... 81 2. El positivismo jurídico. ………………………………………… 82 A) La doctrina de la autolimitación del Estado. ……….. 83 B) El Estado y el derecho en Kelsen y Costamagna….. 84 3. La doctrina del derecho natural. ……………………………... 85 A) La escuela clásica. ……………………………………. 87 B) La escuela racionalista. ………………………………. 87 C) Características del derecho natural. ………………... 88 D) Los derechos del hombre y el Estado. ……………... 89 4. La personalidad del Estado. …………………………………. 91 5. La imputación jurídica. ………………………………………... 92 6. Los derechos humanos en la enseñanza de los Pontífices.. 93 A) Juan XXIII (Encíclicas Pacem in Terris y Mater et Magistra). ………………………………………………. 93 B) Juan Pablo II y el derecho a la vida de las personas por nacer. ……………………………………………… 95 7 Curso de Derecho Político 7. Convenciones sobre Derechos Humanos. …………………. 95 A) Tratados con jerarquía constitucional. ……………… 96 B) Nuevos Tratados con jerarquía constitucional……... 97 C) Tratados dentro del sistema universal………………. 98 D) Tratados dentro del sistema interamericano……….. 99 CAPÍTULO V: CAUSAS Y ELEMENTOS DEL ESTADO. TERRITORIO. POBLACIÓN……………………………………… 101 1. Causas y elementos del Estado. ……………………………. 101 A) Causa material. ……………………………………….. 102 B) Causa formal. …………………………………………. 103 C) Causa eficiente………………………………………… 103 D) Causa final. ……………………………………………. 104 2. El territorio: su consideración política histórica y actual. ….. 104 A) Las doctrinas geopolíticas. Los iniciadores. ……….. 108 B) La "escuela de Munich".………………………………. 110 C) Consideración actual de la geopolítica. …………….. 112 3. La población: el factor demográfico, cantidad, composi- ción, calidad. …………………………………………………… 112 A) La teoría de Malthus. …………………………………. 113 B) El neomaltusianismo y el control de la natalidad. …. 114 4. Posición de la Iglesia Católica. ………………………………. 115 A) La encíclica Humanae Vitae (Pablo VI). ……………. 115 B) La Conferencia del Cairo de 1994. …………………. 116 C) La conferencia de Pekín (1995). ……………………. 116 5. Encíclicas y documentos de la Santa Sede. ……………….. 117 A) Encíclica Evangelium Vitae. …………………………. 118 6. El factor etnográfico: el racismo. …………………………….. 118 A) Declaración de la UNESCO sobre las razas……….. 119 B) Declaración de la ONU sobre la eliminación de la discriminación racial. …………………………………. 120 C) La “clase” como factor de discriminación. ………….. 120 CAPÍTULO VI: EL PODER. LA SOBERANÍA………………….. 121 1. El poder y el poder político.
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